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1. Haemodynamic-guided management of heart failure (GUIDE-HF): a randomised controlled trial

Author

Greg Ginn, Poornima Sood, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Michael R. Zile, Philip B. Adamson, Douglas A. Horstmanshof, Paige Castaneda, Nessa Johnson, Mandeep R. Mehra, Marcel Zughaib, Jean Kelly, Maria Rosa Costanzo, Akshay S. Desai, Samuel F. Sears, Kunjan Bhatt, S.R. Krim, John Henderson, Frank W. Smart, Anique Ducharme, Sara C. Paul, Andrew J. Sauer, and Alan S. Maisel

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Management of heart failure, Hemodynamics, Pulmonary Artery, law.invention, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, Clinical endpoint, Humans, Medicine, Mortality, Aged, Heart Failure, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Hazard ratio, COVID-19, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Electrodes, Implanted, Hospitalization, Heart failure, Remote Sensing Technology, Pulmonary artery, Cardiology, Female, business
Abstract

Summary Background Previous studies have suggested that haemodynamic-guided management using an implantable pulmonary artery pressure monitor reduces heart failure hospitalisations in patients with moderately symptomatic (New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional class III) chronic heart failure and a hospitalisation in the past year, irrespective of ejection fraction. It is unclear if these benefits extend to patients with mild (NYHA functional class II) or severe (NYHA functional class IV) symptoms of heart failure or to patients with elevated natriuretic peptides without a recent heart failure hospitalisation. This trial was designed to evaluate whether haemodynamic-guided management using remote pulmonary artery pressure monitoring could reduce heart failure events and mortality in patients with heart failure across the spectrum of symptom severity (NYHA funational class II–IV), including those with elevated natriuretic peptides but without a recent heart failure hospitalisation. Methods The randomised arm of the haemodynamic-GUIDEed management of Heart Failure (GUIDE-HF) trial was a multicentre, single-blind study at 118 centres in the USA and Canada. Following successful implantation of a pulmonary artery pressure monitor, patients with all ejection fractions, NYHA functional class II–IV chronic heart failure, and either a recent heart failure hospitalisation or elevated natriuretic peptides (based on a-priori thresholds) were randomly assigned (1:1) to either haemodynamic-guided heart failure management based on pulmonary artery pressure or a usual care control group. Patients were masked to their study group assignment. Investigators were aware of treatment assignment but did not have access to pulmonary artery pressure data for control patients. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality and total heart failure events (heart failure hospitalisations and urgent heart failure hospital visits) at 12 months assessed in all randomly assigned patients. Safety was assessed in all patients. A pre-COVID-19 impact analysis for the primary and secondary outcomes was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03387813 . Findings Between March 15, 2018, and Dec 20, 2019, 1022 patients were enrolled, with 1000 patients implanted successfully, and follow-up was completed on Jan 8, 2021. There were 253 primary endpoint events (0·563 per patient-year) among 497 patients in the haemodynamic-guided management group (treatment group) and 289 (0·640 per patient-year) in 503 patients in the control group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·88, 95% CI 0·74–1·05; p=0·16). A prespecified COVID-19 sensitivity analysis using a time-dependent variable to compare events before COVID-19 and during the pandemic suggested a treatment interaction (pinteraction=0·11) due to a change in the primary endpoint event rate during the pandemic phase of the trial, warranting a pre-COVID-19 impact analysis. In the pre-COVID-19 impact analysis, there were 177 primary events (0·553 per patient-year) in the intervention group and 224 events (0·682 per patient-year) in the control group (HR 0·81, 95% CI 0·66–1·00; p=0·049). This difference in primary events almost disappeared during COVID-19, with a 21% decrease in the control group (0·536 per patient-year) relative to pre-COVID-19, virtually no change in the treatment group (0·597 per patient-year), and no difference between groups (HR 1·11, 95% CI 0·80–1·55; p=0·53). The cumulative incidence of heart failure events was not reduced by haemodynamic-guided management (0·85, 0·70–1·03; p=0·096) in the overall study analysis but was significantly decreased in the pre-COVID-19 impact analysis (0·76, 0·61–0·95; p=0·014). 1014 (99%) of 1022 patients had freedom from device or system-related complications. Interpretation Haemodynamic-guided management of heart failure did not result in a lower composite endpoint rate of mortality and total heart failure events compared with the control group in the overall study analysis. However, a pre-COVID-19 impact analysis indicated a possible benefit of haemodynamic-guided management on the primary outcome in the pre-COVID-19 period, primarily driven by a lower heart failure hospitalisation rate compared with the control group. Funding Abbott.

Published
2021

3. Ocean acidification: past, present and future

Author

Malcolm B. Hart and Christopher W. Smart

Abstract

With rising atmospheric pCO2, ocean acidification is an increasing threat to carbonate-secreting biota. As the diffusion of CO2 from the atmosphere into the oceans is relatively slow, it is the surface water plankton and the shallow water benthos that are most at risk. In some quite restricted environments, naturally sourced CO2 and NH4 are bubbling to the sediment surface, creating reduced pH environments. Near the Italian island of Ischia (Dias et al., 2010), locally derived CO2 is emerging into sea grass meadows, and reducing pH from 8.17 to 7.5 and this is causing a progressive loss of calcareous taxa and reducing the foraminiferal assemblage to only agglutinated taxa, with a distinct reduction in species richness. In the Gulf of California (Petit et al., 2013) the pH in surface sediments is being reduced from normal values to 7.5 and while the assemblage of living benthic foraminifera seems to be little affected, once dead the tests of calcareous taxa begin to be dissolved (as witnessed by enlarged pores and holes in the carbonate test material). In the plankton, especially the pteropods and heteropods, there is increasing evidence of shell dissolution and fragility with reducing pH and – in the Late Pleistocene of the Caribbean Sea – one can see a reduction in shell quality during interglacial conditions and concentrations of well-preserved shells in the glacial intervals. These records demonstrate that ocean acidification is not a new process and that variations in pH and shell mineralisation extend through the fossil record. In areas such as SW England, maerl (rhodophyte algae) accumulations are potentially at risk and may be overtaken by increases in sea grass meadows. Evidence of short-duration, surface-water acidification events are known from the earliest Jurassic (Hettangian) and the earliest Paleocene (following the K/Pg boundary; see Hart et al., 2019) based on the interpretation of calcareous nannofossil distributions and benthic foraminifera. DIAS, B.B., HART, M.B., SMART, C.W. & HALL-SPENCER, J.M. 2010. Modern seawater acidification: the response of foraminifera to high CO2 conditions in the Mediterranean Sea. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 167, 843–846.PETTIT, L., HART, M.B., MEDINA-SANCHEZ, A.N., SMART, C.W., RODOLFO-METALPA, R., HALL-SPENCER, J.M. & PROL-LEDESMA, R.M. 2013. Benthic foraminifera show some resilience to ocean acidification in the northern Gulf of California. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 73, 452–462.Hart, M.B., Leighton, A.D., Hampton, M. & Smart, C.W. 2019.Global bioevents and the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in Texas and Alabama: stratigraphy, correlation and ocean acidification. Global and Planetary Change, 175, 129–143.

Published
2022

4. Foraminifera of the Gault Clay Formation: An update

Author

Thomas Fogerty, Malcolm B. Hart, and Christopher W. Smart

Subjects
Foraminifera, Ammonite, Paleontology, biology, language, Assemblage (archaeology), Geology, Biostratigraphy, biology.organism_classification, Palaeogeography, language.human_language
Abstract

The foraminifera of the Gault Clay Formation (Middle and Upper Albian) are reviewed and their biostratigraphy compared to that of the standard ammonite-based zonation and the original bed numbers that are used by most workers on the formation. The change from an aragonitic assemblage in the Lower Gault to an assemblage dominated by agglutinated foraminifera in the Upper Gault is discussed in terms of changing palaeogeography and sea-level.

Published
2020

5. Estuarine foraminifera from South West England: impact of metal pollution in a mining heritage area

Author

Christopher W. Smart, Giulia S. Molina, and Malcolm B. Hart

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Flood myth, biology, Range (biology), Estuary, biology.organism_classification, Archaeology, Devonian, Foraminifera, Carboniferous, Salt marsh, Sedimentology, Geology
Abstract

The southern coastline of SW England is characterized by a number of drowned river valleys (known locally as rias) that contain a range of important estuarine environments including saltmarsh, mud flats, sea grass meadows and open marine sands. All of these ‘rias’ drain catchments with Devonian and Carboniferous rocks that were intruded by granite during the Variscan Orogeny and which were mineralized at that time. The Cornwall and West Devon Mining Heritage UNESCO World Heritage Site records the exploitation of these minerals since Roman times, though mining ceased in the twentieth century. All these mineralized rocks, mining waste and the occasional ‘flood’ of old mine workings have contaminated the estuaries with Cu, Zn, Sn, As, Cr, Hg, Ag, etc., which, in many places, may have left a record of foraminifera with test abnormalities. Since 1973, in a series of student-led projects, the estuaries of the region have been studied for their foraminiferal assemblages, sometimes including sampling strategies that meant monthly, or 3-monthly, suites of samples being collected. The Fal Estuary is one of the largest and most complex of the ‘rias’ and, while draining mineralized areas, also suffered a major release of acidic mine waste during a flood in January 1992. Recovery from that ‘event’ showed that the total absence of foraminifera began to recover within 2 years and assemblages have now returned to pre-incident levels, though still recording malformed individuals. This re-colonization is probably the result of propagule dispersion from more open waters of the Fal Estuary.

Published
2020

8. The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and In-Hospital Mortality in Patients Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery

Author

Gabby Elbaz-Greener, Guy Rozen, Shemy Carasso, Fabio Kusniec, Merav Yarkoni, Ibrahim Marai, Bradley Strauss, Harindra C. Wijeysundera, Frank W. Smart, Eldad Erez, Ronny Alcalai, David Planer, and Offer Amir

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, ischemic heart, Regression analysis, Cardiovascular Medicine, Logistic regression, mortality, medicine.anatomical_structure, RC666-701, Internal medicine, Linear regression, Cohort, outcome, medicine, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, body mass index (BMI), coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (CABG), Population study, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Body mass index, Obesity paradox, Original Research, Artery
Abstract

Background: The association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and clinical outcomes following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains controversial. Our objective was to investigate the real-world relationship between BMI and in-hospital clinical course and mortality, in patients who underwent CABG.Methods: A sampled cohort of patients who underwent CABG between October 2015 and December 2016 was identified in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Outcomes of interest included in-hospital mortality, peri-procedural complications and length of stay. Patients were divided into 6 BMI (kg/m2) subgroups; (1) under-weight ≤19, (2) normal-weight 20–25, (3) over-weight 26–30, (4) obese I 31–35, (5) obese II 36–39, and (6) extremely obese ≥40. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality. Linear regression model was used to identify predictors of length of stay (LOS).Results: An estimated total of 48,710 hospitalizations for CABG across the U.S. were analyzed. The crude data showed a U-shaped relationship between BMI and study population outcomes with higher mortality and longer LOS in patients with BMI ≤ 19 kg/m2 and in patients with BMI ≥40 kg/m2 compared to patients with BMI 20–39 kg/m2. In the multivariable regression model, BMI subgroups of ≤19 kg/m2 and ≥40 kg/m2 were found to be independent predictors of mortality.Conclusions: A complex, U-shaped relationship between BMI and mortality was documented, confirming the “obesity paradox” in the real-world setting, in patients hospitalized for CABG.

Published
2021

9. The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and In-Hospital Mortality in the Contemporary Era of an Acute Myocardial Infarction Management

Author

Shemy Carasso, Fabio Kusniec, David Planer, Guy Rozen, Maneesh Sud, Offer Amir, Gabby Elbaz-Greener, Frank W. Smart, Ibrahim Marai, and Bradley H. Strauss

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate statistics, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Myocardial Infarction, acute myocardial infarction, body mass index, Logistic regression, BMI, Young Adult, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Linear regression, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), Myocardial infarction, Hospital Mortality, Obesity, Non-ST Elevated Myocardial Infarction, Original Research, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, In hospital mortality, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Clinical course, Hematology, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Vascular Health and Risk Management, obesity paradox, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Body mass index, Obesity paradox
Abstract

Gabby Elbaz-Greener,1,* Guy Rozen,2– 4,* Shemy Carasso,5,6 Fabio Kusniec,5,6 Ibrahim Marai,5,6 Maneesh Sud,7 Bradley Strauss,7 Frank W Smart,8 David Planer,1 Offer Amir1,5,6 1Department of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; 2Cardiology Division, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel; 3The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel; 4Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 5Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel; 6The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel; 7Schulich Heart Centre, Division of Cardiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 8LSU School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Gabby Elbaz-GreenerDepartment of Cardiology, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Room Number 114, Jerusalem, IsraelTel +972(2)6776564Fax +972(2)6411028Email Gabbyelbaz@yahoo.comBackground: The association between body mass index (BMI) and clinical outcomes following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains controversial. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between BMI and AMI presentation, in-hospital clinical course and mortality in the contemporary era of AMI management.Methods: Patients, hospitalized for an AMI between October 2015 and December 2016, were identified in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Socio-demographic and clinical data, including BMI, were collected and outcomes, including length of stay and mortality, were analyzed. Patients were divided into 6 BMI (kg/m2) subgroups; under-weight (≤ 19), normal-weight (20– 25), over-weight (26– 30), obese I (31– 35), obese II (36– 39) and extremely obese (≥ 40). Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality. Linear regression model was used to identify predictors of length of stay (LOS).Results: An estimated total of 125,405 hospitalizations for an AMI across the US were analyzed. Compared to the other BMI subgroups, the under-weight, normal-weight and extremely obese groups presented with a non-ST segment elevation AMI (NSTEMI) more frequently and were less likely to undergo coronary revascularization. The data show a J-shaped relationship between BMI and study outcomes with lower mortality in patients with BMI over 25 compared to normal- and low-weight patients. In the multivariate regression model, BMI group was found to be an independent predictor of mortality.Conclusion: J-shaped relationship between BMI and mortality was documented in patients hospitalized for an AMI in the recent years. These findings confirm that the “obesity paradox” persists during the contemporary era of an AMI management.Keywords: body mass index, BMI, acute myocardial infarction, obesity paradox

Published
2021

10. Hemodynamic-GUIDEd management of Heart Failure (GUIDE-HF)

Author

Nessa Johnson, Frank W. Smart, JoAnn Lindenfeld, Alan S. Maisel, Greg Ginn, Maria Rosa Costanzo, Anique Ducharme, William T. Abraham, Mandeep R. Mehra, Sara C. Paul, Philip B. Adamson, Poornima Sood, Michael R. Zile, Akshay S. Desai, and Samuel F. Sears

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Randomization, medicine.drug_class, Population, Management of heart failure, Pulmonary Artery, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Natriuretic peptide, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Single-Blind Method, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, education, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Heart Failure, education.field_of_study, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Hemodynamic Monitoring, Blood Pressure Determination, medicine.disease, Observational Studies as Topic, Heart failure, Cardiology, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Background Hemodynamic-guided heart failure (HF) management using pulmonary artery (PA) pressures reduces HF hospitalizations (HFHs) in previously hospitalized HF patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III symptoms. It remains uncertain whether this approach reduces not only HFHs but all-cause mortality and if benefits extend to patients with NYHA class II and IV HF or to those symptomatic patients with elevated natriuretic peptides without recent HFH. Methods GUIDE-HF is a prospective trial with 2 arms enrolling patients with HF regardless of ejection fraction (EF). The randomized arm is a single-blind, randomized, controlled trial of PA pressure-guided therapy in NYHA class II-IV patients (n = 1,000) with either a previous HFH or elevated natriuretic peptides (B-type natriuretic peptide/NT-pro–B-type natriuretic peptide). All consenting subjects will receive an implantable PA pressure sensor (CardioMEMS HF System) followed by randomization to either a treatment group, managed with provider remote access to the hemodynamic data, or a control group, managed without provider access to these data. Subjects in the control group will receive scheduled, scripted, sham contacts from the study team to maintain blinding as to their study group assignment. The primary study end point is the composite of cumulative HF events and all-cause mortality at 12 months. Secondary end points include quality-of-life and functional assessments. The single arm of the trial is an observational arm in which NYHA class III patients (n = 2,600) with either a previous HFH or elevated natriuretic peptides (but no recent HFH) will be implanted with a PA pressure sensor and observed for occurrence of the primary composite end point of cumulative HF events and mortality at 12 months. This arm will test the hypothesis that hemodynamic-guided care is similarly effective in HF patients enrolled on the basis of elevated natriuretic peptide levels but no recent HFH and those with a recent HFH. Conclusions GUIDE-HF is the largest clinical trial of hemodynamic-guided HF management across a broad population of HF patients, with a study design and sample size adequate to examine survival, cumulative HF events, quality of life, and functional capacity.

Published
2019

11. Reconstructing the Christian Malford ecosystem in the Oxford Clay Formation (Callovian, Jurassic) of Wiltshire: exceptional preservation, taphonomy, burial and compaction

Author

Kevin Page, Gregory D. Price, Christopher W. Smart, and Malcolm B. Hart

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Taphonomy, biology, Lithology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Paleontology, Lagerstätte, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Anoxic waters, Head (geology), Foraminifera, lcsh:Geology, Benthic zone, Belemnotheutis, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The Christian Malford lagerstätte in the Oxford Clay Formation of Wiltshire contains exceptionally well-preserved squid-like cephalopods, including Belemnotheutis antiquus (Pearce). Some of these fossils preserve muscle tissue, contents of ink sacks and other soft parts of the squid, including arms with hooks in situ and the head area with statoliths (ear bones) present in life position. The preservation of soft-tissue material is usually taken as an indication of anoxic or dysaerobic conditions on the sea floor and within the enclosing sediments. Interestingly, in the prepared residues of all these sediments there are both statoliths and arm hooks as well as abundant, species-rich, assemblages of both foraminifera and ostracods. Such occurrences appear to be incompatible with an interpretation of potential sea floor anoxia. The mudstones of the Oxford Clay Formation may have been compacted by 70 %–80 % during de-watering and burial, and in such a fine-grained lithology samples collected for microfossil examination probably represent several thousand years and, therefore, a significant number of foraminiferal life cycles. Such samples (even if only 1–2 cm thick) could, potentially, include several oxic–anoxic cycles and, if coupled with compaction, generate the apparent coincidence of well-preserved, soft-bodied, cephalopods and diverse assemblages of benthic foraminifera.

Published
2019

12. Jurassic shift from abiotic to biotic control on marine ecological success

Author

Kilian Eichenseer, Julian Stander, Uwe Balthasar, Kristian Agasøster Haaga, Wolfgang Kiessling, and Christopher W. Smart

Subjects
Abiotic component, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, Ecology, Aragonite, fungi, Biogeochemistry, Biota, engineering.material, Plankton, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Carbon cycle, engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Regime shift, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Environmental change and biotic interactions both govern the evolution of the biosphere, but the relative importance of these drivers over geological time remains largely unknown. Previous work suggests that, unlike environmental parameters, diversity dynamics differ profoundly between the Palaeozoic and post-Palaeozoic eras. Here we use the fossil record to test the hypothesis that the influence of ocean chemistry and climate on the ecological success of marine calcifiers decreased throughout the Phanerozoic eon. Marine calcifiers build skeletons of calcite or aragonite, and the precipitation of these calcium carbonate polymorphs is governed by the magnesium-to-calcium ratio and temperature in abiotic systems. We developed an environmental forcing model based on secular changes of ocean chemistry and temperature and assessed how well the model predicts the proliferation of skeletal taxa with respect to calcium carbonate polymorphs. Abiotic forcing governs the ecological success of aragonitic calcifiers from the Ordovician to the Middle Jurassic, but not thereafter. This regime shift coincides with the proliferation of calcareous plankton in the mid-Mesozoic. The deposition of biomineralizing plankton on the ocean floor buffers CO2 excursions and stabilizes Earth’s biochemical cycle, and thus mitigates the evolutionary impact of environmental change on the marine biota. Controls on the ecological success of marine calcifiers changed from abiotic to biotic in the mid-Jurassic, according an environmental forcing model compared with skeletal taxa.

Published
2019

13. Arm hooks of coleoid cephalopods from the Jurassic succession of the Wessex Basin, Southern England

Author

Kevin Page, Zoe J. Hughes, Gregory D. Price, Malcolm B. Hart, and Christopher W. Smart

Subjects
Paleontology, Taxon, Kimmeridge Clay, Hook, World heritage, Key (lock), Geology, Ecological succession, Structural basin
Abstract

The Jurassic succession of the Wessex Basin – especially that cropping out within the Dorset and East Devon Coast World Heritage Site – contains important lagerstatten for coleoid cephalopods. The Blue Lias and Charmouth Mudstone formations of West Dorset, the Oxford Clay Formation of North Wiltshire and the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of Purbeck have provided large numbers of important body fossils that inform our knowledge of coleoid palaeobiology, including the hooks present in the arms. Isolated hooks are also found in the processed residues studied by micropalaeontologists and these occurrences can be used – in some cases – to record the presence of key taxa in the absence of well-preserved body fossils. While some hook morphotypes can be attributed to known species, there are many forms of hook described where the parent animal remains unknown. The present state of our knowledge of the Jurassic assemblages in the Wessex Basin is presented and remaining issues identified.

Published
2019

14. Holocene variations in North Atlantic export productivity as reflected in bathyal benthic foraminifera

Author

Ellen Thomas, Christopher W. Smart, and Curtis M. Bracher

Subjects
010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Phytodetritus, Paleontology, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Bathyal zone, Foraminifera, Cassidulina, Productivity (ecology), Abundance (ecology), Benthic zone, Environmental science, Relative species abundance, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The subpolar NE Atlantic Ocean experiences seasonal fluxes of labile organic matter (phytodetritus) which are expected to strongly influence the composition of benthic foraminiferal assemblages and benthic foraminiferal accumulation rates. We studied export production over the last 12 kyr at a sampling resolution of approximately 250–300 years through an investigation of bathyal benthic foraminiferal assemblages (>63 μm) at Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 980 on the Feni Drift (55°29′N, 14°42′W, 2179 m water depth). During the last 12 kyr, faunas at Site 980 were dominated (~75%) by Cassidulina obtusa, Nonionella iridea, Bolivina difformis, Trifarina pauperata, Alabaminella weddellensis, Stainforthia fusiformis, Cassidulina laevigata and Eilohedra vitrea. The absolute and relative abundances and diversity of these and other species varied significantly. In the interval ~12–10 ka, A. weddellensis, S. fusiformis and T. pauperata had higher % abundance (named here ‘H10 species’), but this is not reflected in a higher accumulation rate, suggesting that surface productivity was low, at highly variable conditions. Species at lower % abundance during this time include B. difformis, C. laevigata, C. obtusa, E. vitrea and N. iridea (so-called ‘L10 species’). The ‘8.2 ka cold event’ was characterized by increased carbonate dissolution (reflected in decreases in the absolute abundance, benthic foraminifera accumulation rate, weight % coarse fraction, and presence of poorly preserved/fragmented benthic foraminifera). Peaks in the relative abundance of species which, in our opinion, exploited phytodetritus (‘phytodetritus species’: N. iridea, A. weddellensis, C. obtusa, and rare Epistominella exigua) occurred at 8.0 ka, 7.0 ka, 6.3–5.6 ka, 4.7 ka, 4.3–3.4 ka and 2.4 ka. These peaks generally correspond to peaks in absolute abundance (number of specimens per gram, accumulation rate), indicating increases in the seasonality of export productivity. However, the ‘phytodetritus species’ do not covary in absolute and relative abundance over the studied interval, suggesting that they have somewhat different ecological requirements. There appears to be no simple relationship between changes in the degree of seasonality of export productivity (i.e., abundance of ‘phytodetritus species’) and records of palaeoclimatic/palaeoceanographic proxies, suggesting that bentho-pelagic coupling (arrival of food on the seafloor with local surface productivity) might not have been straightforward in this region. Site 980 is located in the hydrodynamically active area of Feni Drift, and during the Holocene, currents might have winnowed and removed fine-grained organic matter, making it unavailable to benthic organisms. Alternatively, there may have been changes in remineralization and/or mid-water competition for food, so that the fraction of the organic flux that reached the seafloor may have varied. Holocene benthic foraminiferal assemblages thus reflect highly dynamic conditions in export productivity and arrival of organic matter at the seafloor.

Published
2019

15. Global bioevents and the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary in Texas and Alabama: Stratigraphy, correlation and ocean acidification

Author

Andrew D. Leighton, Malcolm B. Hart, Matthew Hampton, and Christopher W. Smart

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Global and Planetary Change, biology, Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, Ocean acidification, Plankton, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Foraminifera, Waves and shallow water, Mediterranean sea, Benthic zone, Environmental science, Surface water, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

With increasing levels of atmospheric pCO2 the oceans are becoming progressively more acidic, with the impact of a lowered pH beginning to affect the calcification of numerous invertebrate groups, including foraminifers, pteropods, heteropods and calcareous nannoplankton. Research on the ecology of foraminifera in the Mediterranean Sea, Gulf of California, Caribbean Sea and elsewhere has shown how modern assemblages are responding to acidification. Experimental work in mesocosms and laboratory cultures are also adding to our knowledge of the response to pH changes. Near Ischia (Italy), natural CO2 vents amongst sea grass meadows are creating low pH environments in which it is possible to observe the response of benthic foraminifera. At a pH of 7.8 the foraminiferal assemblages are already becoming less diverse and below pH 7.6 there are often no calcite-secreting benthic foraminifera. In the Gulf of California, in a deeper-water setting, natural CO2 (and methane) vents are also lowering sea floor pH. The foraminifera show the impact of this change, although the relatively high carbonate saturation ensures that calcite-secreting foraminifers are able to live and reproduce in these relatively low pH environments, only becoming impacted by dissolution effects once dead. Using data from the Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary in Texas, Alabama and north-west Europe it is clear that the plankton was severely impacted by surface water acidification while the relatively shallow water benthic foraminifera show little change and no visible signs of post-mortem dissolution due to ocean acidification.

Published
2019

16. The foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental interpretation of the Gault Clay Formation (Middle and Upper Albian) at Munday's Hill Quarry, Bedfordshire, UK

Author

Thomas Fogerty, Malcolm B. Hart, Kevin N. Page, and Christopher W. Smart

Subjects
Paleontology
Abstract

The foraminifera of the Gault Clay Formation, exposed in the Munday's Hill Quarry (Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, UK), are described. This quarry, which is worked for the underlying Woburn Sands, is periodically 'refreshed' and the Gault Clay overburden removed. This cleaning of the quarry was undertaken in 2018 and provided access to a fresh clay succession. An 11.4 m section of the Gault Clay Formation was logged and samples collected for micropaleontological analysis, ranging from the Hoplites spathi Subzone to the Hysteroceras varicosum Subzone. A total of 58 specieswere identified from a total of 11,345 foraminifera examined in 20 samples. Two distinctive assemblages are evident; the Lower Gault Clay contains abundant aragonitic foraminifera, while the Upper Gault Clay is dominated by agglutinated foraminifera. This distribution is repeatedly recorded across South-Eastern England and is likely due to ecological constraints such aswater depth, but taphonomic processes cannot be dismissed. The succession at Munday's Hill Quarry is compared to comparable successions in East Anglia, Sussex (Glyndebourne Borehole) and Kent (Copt Point, Folkestone).

Published
2019

18. BJS commission on surgery and perioperative care post-COVID-19

Author

E. Abahuje, A. Abbas, M. Abd El Aziz Abd El Maksoud, A. Abdelhady, S. Abdelhamid, H. Abdelkarem Ahmed Faraj, B. Abdelqader, T. Abdelrahman, H. Abdou, A. Abdullah, M. Abedua Harrison, E. Abem Owusu, A. Aboalazayem, R. Aboulhosn, S. Abu Oda, A. Abubakar, A. Abutaka, D. Acevedo Fontalvo, S. Acuna, A. Adefemi, S. Adegbola, T. Adenuga, A. Adeyeye, A. Adil Hilmi, A. Adisa, K. Aditya, T. Adjeso, R. Aftab, A. Afzal, V. Aggarwal, A. Aggarwal, R. Aguilera, M. -L. Aguilera-Are´valo, E. J. Aguirre Salamanca, I. Aguirre-Allende, D. Ahari, H. Ahmad, F. Ahmad Rauf, A. Ahmad Zartasht Khan, S. Ahmed, N. Ahmed Fieturi, S. Ahmed Mohamed, Z. Ahmed-Bakhsh, M. Ahsan Javed, L. Akano, A. Akbar, M. Akhbari, P. Akhmedov, G. Aksit, Y. Akula, A. S. Alagaratnam, S. Al Majid, O. Al Mukhtar, H. Al Omran, N. AlAsali, M. Al-Azzawi, R. Al-Habsi, H. Al-Iraqi, H. Al-Naggar, E. Alameer, H. Albirnawi, D. Alderson, F. Aldulaijan, R. Alejandro Miranda Ojeda, A. AlHasan, S. Ali, A. Ali, M. Ali Khan, Y. Alimova, F. Aljanadi, R. Aljubure, N. Allopi, H. Almedbal, M. Almubarak, Z. Alqaidoom, N. Alselaim, M. Alshaar, R. Alshammari, K. Altaf, S. Altıner, B. Altunpak, L. A. Alvarez Lozada, E. Amal Nahal, A. Amer, K. Amin, U. Aminu, N. Amisi Numbi, T. Amjad, R. Amoah, Y. An, N. -A. Anastasopoulos, J. Andre´s Urrutia, F. Angarita, K. -L. Angarita, M. A´ ngel FreirI´a Eiras, A. Antypas, M. A. Anwar, H. Anwar, T. O. Apampa, K. Apostolou, C. Aquina, R. Arachchige Adithi Himika Randeni, M. I. Archila Godı´nez, O. Arez, A. A. Arezzo, P. Armonis, S. Arshad, M. Arshad Salman, A. Arshid, P. C. Arteaga Asensio, T. Arthur, A. Arumuga Jothi, F. Aryo Damara, L. Asensio Gomez, J. Ashcroft, S. Ashraf, A. Asif, M. Atif, M. Attaullah Khan, N. Avellaneda, S. Awad, M. Awadh, A. Axiaq, A. Ayad Mohammed Shuwayyah, D. Ayalew, E. Aytac, F. Azam, J. Azevedo, B. Azhar, J. Aziz, A. Aziz, A. Azzam, A. Baba Ndajiwo, M. Baig, D. Baker, F. Bakko, R. Balachandran, G. Balachandran, J. Balagizi Mudekereza, E. Balai, B. Balci, A. Balduzzi, A. Balhareth, S. Bandyopadhyay, D. Banerjee, D. Bangalore Mahalinga, B. Bankhead-Kendall, N. D. A. Bankole, V. Banwell, F. Baris Bengur, B. Baris Ozmen, M. Barnard, R. Barnett, J. A. Barreras Espinoza, A. Barrios, G. Bass, M. Bass, A. Bausys, A. Bavikatte, J. Bayram, M. Belousov, A. G. Berardi, A. Beamish, C. Beattie, F. Belia, V. Bellato, S. Bellikatti, S. Benjamens, C. Benlice, S. Bennedsgaard, S. Bennett, Z. Bentounsi, H. Bergenfeldt, A. Bergenfelz, M. Besselink, G. Bhandoria, E. Bhangu, M. Bhatia, M. T. Bhatti, Z. Bilgili, G. Bislenghi, C. Bisset, S. Biswas, J. Blake, R. Blanco, L. Boccalatte, R. Boden, C. Bojanic, M. Boland, P. Boland, E. Bollen, E. -A. Bonci, L. Boni, A. Booth, R. Booth, A. Borakati, G. E. Borunda Escudero, S. J. Bosco, P. Bostro¨ m, P. Botelho de Alencar Ferreira Cruz, K. Bouchagier, A. Bouhuwaish, M. Boutros, K. Boyce, C. Boyle, L. Bradshaw, A. Brandl, A. Brar, G. Brat, H. Brenkman, C. Brennan, C. Brines, A. Brookmyre, C. Brosnan, L. Brouwers, A. Brown, L. Brown, C. Brown, J. Brown, V. BS, M. Buksh, M. Bunani Emmanuel, D. Burbano, A. Burelli, A. Burke, J. Burke, N. Burlov, A. Burns, O. Burton, A. Butt, B. Buzra Ozkan, L. Cabrera Silva, E. Y. Caicedo, T. Calderbank, W. Cambridge, G. Campelo, O. Can Tatar, F. Carbone, F. Carrano, D. Casallas, D. Casanova Portoles, F. Casciani, I. Cassimjee, O. A. Castaneda Ramı´rez, V. Catala´ n, J. Caviedes, L. Cayetano, M. ~ Ceresoli, M. Chan, V. Chan, P. Chandrasinghe, S. Chapman, A. Chaturvedi, D. Chaudhry, H. Chaudry, H. W. Chen, A. Cheng, M. Chernykh, A. M. Cherrie, I. Cheruiyot, J. Cheung, C. Chia, J. Chica, N. Chinai, A. Chirwa, J. Chiwaligo, A. Choi, J. Choi, M. R. Chowdhury, E. Christopher, N. Christou, T. Chu, D. Chua, H. W. Chua, C. Chung, A. Cihat Yildirim, M. Cillo, S. Cioffi, H. Claireaux, S. Clermonts, R. Clifford, M. Climent, A. Clynch, R. -J. Coelen, E. Cola´ s-Ruiz, A. Collar, M. Collard, K. C. Conlon, T. Connelly, K. Connor, J. A. Cook, T. Correia de Sa´, N. Cos¸gun Acar, T. Costa, D. Couch, S. Cowper, B. Creavin, B. Crook, A. Curell, R. D’alessio, J. Dale, J. Damgaard Eriksen, I. Dario Martin Gonzalez, A. Darwish, M. Das, R. Das, K. Das, R. Dave, S. O. David, T. Davies, C. Davis, S. Davison, V. Davletshina, A. Dawidziuk, A. Dawson, M. de Andres Crespo, H. de Berker, P. de Dieu Ngo, E. Dekker, R. de la Caridad Espinosa Luis, B. de Lacy, N. Demartines, A. de Montserrat Medina Sifuentes, S. De Silva, C. del Rio, V. Delaune, A. Dell, I. Demirbas¸, S. Demirli Atici, M. Deniz Tepe, M. Derebey, G. Desai, M. Desai, S. Devarakonda, N. Deveras, G. Di Franco, M. Di Martino, F. Di Marzo, A´ . Dı´az, G. Diaz del Gobbo, C. DiazCastrillon, L. Dick, K. Dickinson, E. Diego, I. Dimasi, A. Ding, S. Dingemans, L. Dixon, B. Dixon, W. Doherty, D. Dooreemeah, C. Donohue, M. Dornseifer, F. Dossa, W. Dossou, T. Drake, I. Drami, G. Drevin, M. C. du Plessis, N. Dudi-Venkata, R. Dudley, S. Duffy, D. Duklas, B. -D. Dumbrava, F. Duygu Avlar, A. Dworzynska, W. Ebrahim, A. Ebrahim, E. Efre´n Lozada Herna´ ndez, N. Ehigie, M. El Boghdady, C. El Hasnaoui, M. El Sheikh, A. El-Hussuna, O. Eldurssi, H. Elfeki, M. Elhadi, M. Elhassan, A. Elhissi, B. Elliot, C. Elsenbroek, B. Elsolh, N. Elson, H. Eltyeb, H. Emerson, S. H. Emile, G. Endalle, W. English, C. Ercisli, G. Espinosa, M. Essam Abdelraheem, H. Essangri, P. Etienne, M. D. Evans, T. Evans, C. Ezeme, F. Ezzahraa, T. Fadalla, J. Fagan, M. Fahmy, C. Fairfield, O. Falade, S. Famularo, F. Faqar-Uz-Zaman, Y. Farid, A. Farooq, H. Farooq, F. Farooqui, B. Farquharson, A. Faruqi, R. Faulder, M. Faut, K. Fechner, T. Feenstra, M. Fehervari, L. Fernandez, J. Ferna´ ndez Alberti, L. Ferrario, D. Field, L. Fiore, S. Fingerhut, S. Finlayson, N. Fleming, C. Fleming, E. Florial, M. Fok, D. Fokin, M. Foley, M. P. Forero, T. Forgan, M. Fornasiero, H. Fowler, G. Fowler, E. Franchi, L. Franklin, A˚ . Fredriksson, P. Fruhling, G. Fuentes Navarrette, A. Fu¨ lo¨ p, M. Furtado, T. Gaarder, N. Galbraith, I. T. K. Gallagher, G. Gallo, T. Gana, E. Gaskin, M. Gasparini, R. G. Gatan, E. Geary, K. Gelaye Wudineh, G. Gemenetzis, M. Georgi, H. Ghalige, W. Ghareeb, T. Ghatwary Tantawy, C. Ghomsi, A. Ghuman, P. Giannakis, F. Giron, K. Gjengedal, E. Gkotsis, J. Glasbey, S. Godahewa, D. Godula, P. Goffredo, S. Goh, M. Golriz, L. Gomez, D. Gomez Gomez, R. Gonzalez, D. Gonzalez, E. Gonzalez Gutierrez, D. Gopar, L. Gordini, A. Gori, S. Gorta´ zar, N. Gousy, R. Gowda, M. Gowda, J. Gqada, M. Grechenig, J. Greer, L. Grego´ rio, A. Grigorova, H. Grimes, V. Groot, R. C. Grossman, R. Gruber, A. Gru¨ ter, R. Guest, R. Gujjuri, E. Gu¨ lc¸ek, B. Gulcu, K. Gull, M. Gulmez, V. Gupta, A. Gutlic, T. Guven, T. Gwatirisa, G. Gwini, P. Gwodog, S. Gysling, M. Habib, A. B. Hafeez Bhatti, J. Hallesmith, S. Halloran, M. Hamza Sadiq, C. Haney, N. Hanna, L. Hanna, M. Hannington, J. Harbjerg, D. Haribaskaran, N. Harran, B. Harrington, E. Harrison, R. Hasan, S. Hashmi, M. Hassan, A. Hassan, L. Haverkamp, S. Hazen, B. Heer, J. Heil, J. Helliwell, N. Henriksen, D. Henshall, M. Hermanson, S. Hermena, D. Hettiarachchi, C. Hextall, M. Hidalgo, H. Hidayat, A. Hider, P. Higgins, R. Hinchliffe, D. Hirani, D. Hirpara, I. Hisham, M. Hite, S. M. Hoh, C. Holmberg, E. Ho¨ lmich, F. Holst, A. Hossam, A. Hossam Elfallal, P. Howard, E. Huaman, Y. Huang, L. Huang, D. Huang, T. Huber, J. Hugh, J. Hughes, F. Hu¨ ttner, R. Huynh, A. Hylands, J. Iannuzzi, B. Ielpo, A. Iftikhar Talib, J. Ignacio, P. Ignatavicius, S. Ike, C. Ikwu, M. Inama, A. Ing, A. Ingels, A. Isik, N. Islam, I. J. Ives, A. J. M. S. AlHasan, C. J. Perez Rivera, F. Ja´ come, T. Jaffer, O. Jagiella-Lodise, M. Jain, K. Jain, M. Jakubauskas, M. Jalal, H. James, Y. Jang, B. Janssen, H. Jansson, U´ . Jariod-Ferrer, H. Javanmard, S. Javed, U. Jayarajah, I. Jayasuriya, J. Je, Z. Jessop, E. Jia Lin Tang, H. Jiang, Y. Jiayan, T. Jih Huei, R. Jimenez-Rodriguez, D. Joh, A. Johnson, N. Jones, C. Jones, C. Jordan, J. Jose´ Nu´ nez Ju, ~ M. Jose´ Pizarro, C. Jose Salazar J. Joseph, C. Justiniano, T. Kabir, M. Kadhum, C. Kalfountzos, E. Kalogiannaki, K. Kalyanasundaram, S. Kamarajah, M. Kamil Quraishi, Y. Kanemitsu, A. Kapila, V. Kapila, G. Karagiannidis, M. Kashif, S. Kathiravelupillai, A. Kathiravelupillai, E. Katsogridakis, K. Kaur, H. Kaur Sekhon Inderjit Singh, N. Kausur, M. Kawka, G. Keehan, S. Kehlet Watt, M. Kelly, M. E. Kelly, I. Kelvin Egbuchulem, G. Kembuan, E. Khajeh, A. Khaled Elfaitur, M. F. Khan, S. Khan, M. Khan, D. Khan, H. Khan, H. Khatkar, E. Khatkov, R. Khaw, B. Kim, K. Kishore Siddiraju, D. Kitua, B. Kırımtay, S. Kmezic, S. Knight, T. Koe¨ter, A. Koh, F. Koh Hong Xiang, T. Kojo Anyomih, A. I. N. Kok, R. Kokelaar, I. Koliarakis, S. Kolli, J. Kong, D. Ko¨ nig, M. otze, A. Kourdouli, M. Kowal, A. Kraima, F. Kramer, M. Kryzauskas, I. Kuchynskyi, C. Kuemmerli, S. Kuiper, S. Kumar, A. Kumar, L. Kumar, H. Kumar, N. Kumar, S. Kumar Bandyopadhyay, P. Kumar Garg, S. Kumar Venkatappa, J. Kung, S. Kural, A. Kushairi, E. Kuuzie, M. Kvietkauskas, I. Kwek, J. La, L. Lai, S. Lakpriya, K. Lam, M. Lami, I. Lansdorp-Vogelaar, P. Lapolla, H. Larsen, J. Latif, U. Laudari, A. Laurnezi, A. Lawal, S. Lawday, H. Lederhuber, A. Lednev, R. Lee, M. E. van Leerdam, G. Lefevbre, M. Lesmus, F. A. Leyva Moraga, E. Leyva Moraga, F. Leyva Moraga, H. L. Li, A. Li, Z. Li, E. Licardie, A. Light, A. L. Lightner, A. Lin, E. Lincango, F. Litta, H. Liu, B. Lofthouse, M. A. Londono, R. Lopes, R. Lopes de Freitas, L. Lopez, A. I. Lo´ pez, J. ~ Lopez-Gomez, G. Lopez-Pena, R. Lowe, D. Lowe, M. Lowey, G. Loy, V. Lozanovski, J. Luzon, P. Lynn, T. Maccabe, A. Machielsen, C. A. Mafla Herrerı´a, L. Maggino, K. Mahawar, D. Mahmood, M. Mahmoud, K. Mahtani, I. Maitra, S. Maji, I. Majiet, L. Mal, J. Malherbe, K. Malhotra, P. Malkomes, E. Man, A. Manan Sheikh, S. Manjunath, R. Manzano Nunez, S. Manzoor, R. Maqsood, G. ~ Marchegiani, F. Marchegiani, D. Marı´n, A. Marin, I. Marks, E. Marson, A. Martensen, D. Martin, G. Martı´n Martı´n, B. Martin-Perez, P. Martinez, P. Marwaha, C. Mashauri, H. Mashbari, Ł. Masior, R. Masri, L. Masud, S. Masudi, G. Mateu Calabuig, S. Math, A. Matrachisia, J. Mayol, D. Mazingi, A. Mazzotta, J. McAlinden, G. McCabe, L. McColm, H. McElvaney, K. McGivern, J. McGovern, E. McGuinness, N. McInerney, S. Mckay, C. McKee, M. McKenna, N. McKenna, K. McLean, S. Mediratta, Y. Medkova, O. Medzhidov, A. Mehraj, M. Mekhael, O. Mekinde, C. Mellenthin, A. Melucci, K. Mentor, J. Merchant, H. Messias, M. Messeha, C. Meza, P. Mhango, M. Miladinov, M. Milagros Niquen Jimenez, P. Miller, E. Mills, A. Milton, O. A. Minayeva, Z. MinHua Zheng, H. Mischlinger, B. Mo¨ ckli, R. Modi, H. M. Mohamed, M. Mohamed, T. Mohamed Abulghasm, S. A. Mohammad, T. O. Mohammed, A. Mohammed, H. Mohan, M. Mohan, I. Moin, V. Mok, G. Molina, J. Moloney, J. Moneim, M. Monfort Mira, B. Montcusı´ Ventura, M. Montouri, M. Moossdorff, I. Mora-Guzma´ n, B. Moran, R. A. R. Mora´ n, S. Moreno-Ordaz, A´ . Morera, R. Morgan, R. Morley, D. Moro-Valdezate, S. Moros, J. -L. Moss, A. 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Mutambanengwe, P, Myint, P, Nadkarni, S, Naess, P, Nahar, S, Naidoo, P, Nam, R, Nandhra, S, Nanjappa, N, Narasimhan, V, Nardi, W, Nasir, M, Naughton, A, Naumann, D, Navarro, S, Nawaaz Karimbocus, M, Nazir, A, Ndereya, S, Ndong, A, Negoi, I, Nel, D, Nelson, D, Nepal, S, Nugent, T, Nepogodiev, D, Neufeld, J, Ng, J, Ng, D, Ng, C, Ngaserin, S, Ngu, L, Ngwenya, E, Fhearaigh, R, Nikolousakis, T, Ninkovic, M, Nita, G, Nitschke, C, Noren, E, Noton, T, Novikova, A, Nowinka, Z, Nyakunengwa, T, Nyalundja, A, Nzenwa, I, Kristensen, H, O'Brien, C, O'Brien, L, O'Brien, S, O'Reilly, J, O'Rourke, S, O'Sullivan, M, O'Dwyer, M, Ochieng, L, Oderoha, E, Oh, K, Ohlberger, L, Olcum, M, Olkina, A, Omkumar, M, Omnitel, B, Oncel Yakar, D, Ong, K, Ong Wei Lin, L, Ooi, R, Ooi, S, Oomman, A, Oon Tyjet, D, Opiyo, S, Oscullo Yepez, J, Osei-Kuffour, N, Osunronbi, T, Ottlakan, A, Oussama Kacimi, S, Ovaere, S, Ozair, A, Pachler, F, Pai Oo, S, Paiella, S, Panaiotti, L, Panda, N, Pandarinath, S, Pandey, D, Pandrowala, S, Papa Mamadou, F, Paranathala, M, Park, J, Parmar, C, Parvez, A, Pasovic, L, Pasquer, A, Pasumarthy, N, Pata, F, Patel, T, Patel, P, Patel, N, Patel, M, Patron Uriburu, N, Patrone, R, Paul, A, Pavan Kumar, O, Pavithran, A, Pedraza Ciro, M, Pellino, G, Peloso, A, Pena Gallardo, M, Pena Velazquez, A, Perea, J, Perez-Sanchez, L, Perra, T, Perrotta, G, Petersson, P, Petra, G, Petrucciani, N, Pickin, C, Pino, V, Pinotti, E, Pinto, F, Plum, P, Podesta, F, Pollini, T, Pompeu Sa, M, Ponce Leon, F, Ponniah, H, Ponte De Sousa, X, Ponton, J, Pontula, A, Popa, M, Portilla, A, Posner, F, Post, S, Potolicchio, A, Pouwels, S, Povo, A, Prasad, P, Preciado, S, Preece, R, Proud, D, Pulido Segura, J, Puliyath, N, Qui, M, Quimbaya Rodriguez, A, Raby-Smith, W, Racovita, A, Rad, A, Radwan, R, Rafaih Iqbal, M, Rafik, A, Raguan, B, Rahi, M, Rahiri, J, Rahme, J, Rai, L, Raj, A, Raj Saksena, A, Raja, M, Ramirez, J, Ramzi, J, Ranstam, J, Rao, C, Rashid, A, Ratnayake, B, Rattanasirivilai, K, Raubenheimer, K, Ravikumar, N, Ravn, S, Razoz, N, Rea, W, Regan, A, Rela, M, Remme, A, Rey Chaves, C, Reyes, A, Riad, A, Rice, D, Rios Quintana, K, Ritter, A, Roalso, M, Robinson, D, Rodriguez, J, Rodriguez, F, Rodriguez, M, Rogers, A, Rohila, J, Romanyuc, D, Romic, I, Rommaneh, M, Rompianesi, G, Rosa, F, Roscio, F, Rose, A, Rotimi, T, Ruiz, H, Ruiz Yucuma, J, Ruiz-Ucar, E, Ruslan, M, Rutegard, M, Ryan Harper, E, Ryckx, A, Rydbeck, D, Sa-Marta, E, Sadien, I, Safari Nteranya, D, Sagoo, K, Sakata, S, Saladino, E, Saleem, A, Saleem, S, Salehi, M, Salih, S, Sallinen, V, Salvans, S, Sam, Z, Samadov, E, Sampaio Alves, M, Sanad, A, Sanchez Fonseca, S, Sanchez Teran, A, Sanchez Ussa, S, Sandli, O, Sanfey, H, Sanghera, J, Sani, I, Santafe Guerrero, M, Sante Fornasiero, M, Santes Jasso, O, Santos Pereira, I, Santos Sousa, H, Saratzis, A, Sarmiento Alarcon, A, Saumtally, T, Sayyed, R, Schettino, M, Schleimer, L, Schmidt, T, Schondffelt, K, Schwab, M, Scott, A, Searle, H, Sebopelo, L, Seeglier, B, Seishima, R, Semenvov, D, Senent-Boza, A, Sepulveda, J, Serenari, M, Serrano Navidad, M, Sert, I, Sewart, E, Sgro, A, Shadrina, V, Shah, K, Shahid, F, Shalaby, M, Shankar, B, Shapiro, J, Sharma, L, Sheel, A, Shenfine, A, Shenoy, S, Sherif, A, Shetty, N, Shetty, R, Sia, T, Sichimba, D, Siddique, H, Siddiqui, I, Simkens, G, Simoe, J, Simon, H, Sinan, L, Singh, T, Singh, K, Singh, Y, Sinha, L, Siragusa, L, Sluckin, T, Smart, Y, Smith, H, Smith, K, Smits, L, Sneep-Van Kessel, C, Sohrabi, C, Solorzano Pineda, O, Soma, A, Sooriyapiragasam, L, Soreide, K, Sparavigna, M, Spence, R, Spencer, N, Spiers, H, Spinelli, A, Sprakel, J, Sravanam, S, Srinivasan, M, Srinivasan, R, Staniszewska, A, Stanworth, S, Stasinos, K, Steele, R, Steinholt, I, Steinruecke, M, Stephen, B, Stijns, J, Still, M, Stupalkowska, W, Subba, S, Subbotin, V, Sucharitkul, P, Sudarsanam, A, Sudhamsh Reddy, D, Suhardja, T, Suliman, M, Sund, M, Sunilkumar, A, Suresh, N, Sussmes, S, Sutton, P, Syltern, J, Taha, A, Takamizawa, Y, Takoutsing Dongmo, A, Tamas, T, Tan, L, Tan, J, Tan, K, Tan, E, Tan Yong Hui, A, Tanase, A, Tariverdiev, A, Tasnem, A, Tatar, C, Tay, E, Tejedor, P, Tesfaye, G, Tetinou, F, Thorpe, C, Thyo, A, Tlelo Amastal, D, Tolani, M, Tolga Saracoglu, K, Tolgyes, T, Tong, J, Torrent Jansa, L, Toscano Igartua, S, Tovani Palone, M, Traff, H, Trevis, J, Tummers, W, Tur, A, Turchenko, I, Uche, V, Uddin, A, Udonsak, N, Ullah, M, Urbonas, T, Uwins, C, Uy Magadia, E, Uzair Qureshi, A, Uzun, K, Vadim, P, Valarche, G, Valdez Gonzalez, R, Vallee, M, Van Beek, D, Van Dalen, A, Van Den Hondel, D, Van Der Stok, E, Van Dorp, M, Van Oostendorp, S, Van Praag, E, Van Rees, J, Van Silfhout, L, Varga, Z, Varghese, S, Varghese, C, Varghese, J, Vasilica, A, Vasquez Ojeda, X, Vega, E, Vehler, S, Venchiarutti, R, Vengatesan, S, Venn, M, Verma, D, Vianey Partida Nava, G, Victoria, D, Vieira, P, Vilar Alvarez, M, Vinci, D, Viscasillas Pallas, G, Viswanath, M, Vivanco, J, Vizcaya Rodriguez, V, Vo, J, Volchanski, D, Voron, T, Voronovskyi, Y, Vu, J, Wadhwa, M, Wadhwa, S, Wagner, G, Wallace, M, Wang, Y, Wang, J, Wani, A, Wanigasooriya, K, Wanjara, S, Wanjiku, N, Warner, C, Wei Leow, T, Weiser, T, Weisters, M, Wellington, M, Wells, C, Wenzelberg, C, Wettstein, D, Wezel, A, Wheldon, L, Widmer, L, Wilson, M, Wigmore, S, Wijayaratne, T, Wijeyaratne, M, Wijnhoven, B, Wilkin, R, Williams, E, Willis, F, Winter, D, Wirsik, M, Wishah, B, Wong, G, Wong, W, Wong, K, Worku, D, Wright, E, Wright, J, Wroe Wright, O, Xenacki, S, Xia, W, Xu, W, Xu, Z, Yalcinkaya, A, Yang, W, Yang, P, Yanishev, A, Yanzon De La Torre, A, Yao, H, Yaqoob, E, Yen Ling Quake, S, Yeo, D, Yeom, B, Yershov, D, Yiasemidou, M, Yildiz, A, Yiu, A, Yoav, M, Yong, E, Yoshimura, R, Younis, M, Younis Ringshawl, Z, Youssef, M, Yue, Y, Yuen, S, Yuldashev, R, Yurttas, C, Yves, B, Zaborowski, A, Zackeri, R, Zafar, A, Zahra, W, Zaidi, A, Zainudin, S, Zakeri, R, Zamora, I, Zamora, A, Zawistowski, M, Zbikowska, G, Zegers, W, Zehra, S, Zeyra, A, Zhagniyev, Z, Zhukova, L, Zivanovic, M, Zmuc, J, Zope, M, Zubayraeva, A, Zucker, B, Aguilera-Arévalo, M -L, Aguirre Salamanca, E J, Al-Asali, N, Altıner, S, Alvarez Lozada, L A, Anastasopoulos, N -A, Andrés Urrutia, J, Angarita, K -L, Ángel FreirÍa Eiras, M, Anwar, M A, Apampa, T O, Archila Godínez, M I, Arteaga Asensio, P C, Bankole, N D A, Barreras Espinoza, J A, Bhatti, M T, Bonci, E -A, Borunda Escudero, G E, Bosco, S J, Boström, P, Botelho de Alencar Ferreira Cruz, P, Caicedo, E Y, Castañeda Ramírez, O A, Catalán, V, Chen, H W, Chowdhury, M R, Chua, H W, Coelen, R -J, Colás-Ruiz, E, Correia de Sá, T, Coşgun Acar, N, D’Alessio, R, David, S O, de Andres Crespo, M, de Berker, H, de Dieu Ngo, P, de la Caridad Espinosa Luis, R, de Lacy, B, de Montserrat Medina Sifuentes, A, del Rio, C, Demirbaş, I, Díaz, Á, Diaz del Gobbo, G, Diaz-Castrillon, C, du Plessis, M C, Dumbrava, B -D, Efrén Lozada Hernández, E, Fernández Alberti, J, Forero, M P, Fredriksson, Å, Fülöp, A, Gatan, R G, Gortázar, S, Gregório, L, Grüter, A, Gülçek, E, Hafeez Bhatti, A B, Hoh, S M, Hölmich, E, Hüttner, F, Alhasan, A J M S, Perez Rivera, C J, Jácome, F, Jariod-Ferrer, Ú, José, J, José Núñez Ju, J, José Pizarro, M, Khan, M F, Kırımtay, B, Kmezić, S, Koëter, T, König, D, Leyva Moraga, F A, Li, H L, Londoño, M A, Lopes de Freitas, R, López, A I, Mafla Herrería, C A, Manzano Nuñez, R, Marín, D, Martín Martín, G, Masior, Ł, Möckli, B, Mohamed, H M, Mohammad, S A, Mohammed, T O, Montcusí Ventura, B, Mora-Guzmán, I, Morán, R A R, Morera, Á, Moss, J -L, Moyón, M, Müller, P, Muñoz, F, Muñoz, E, Muñoz, A, Muñoz Balderas, D C, Ng, C E, Fhearaigh, R N, Nikolousakis, T -K, Kristensen, H Ø, O’Brien, L, O’Brien, S, O’Reilly, J, O’Rourke, S, O’Sullivan, M, O’Dwyer, M, Oh, K E, Öhlberger, L, Ölçüm, M, Oscullo Yepez, J J, Osei-kuffour, N, Ottlakán, A, Pavan Kumar, O M, Peña Gallardo, M T, Peña Velazquez, A, Pérez-Sánchez, L E, Pompeu Sá, M, Ponniah, H S, Ponte de Sousa, X, Portilla, A L, Pulido Segura, J A, Quimbaya Rodríguez, A S, Racoviţă, A, Rahiri, J -L, Rey Chaves, C E, Roalsø, M, Rodríguez, F, Rodriguez, M C, Ruiz-Úcar, E, Rutegård, M, Sá-Marta, E, Sam, Z H, Emile, Sameh H, Sánchez Fonseca, S, Sgrò, A, Sia, T C, Smart, Y W, Sneep-van Kessel, C, Solórzano Pineda, O, Stephen, B -J, Takoutsing Dongmo, A B, Tamás, T, Tan, J L, Thyø, A, Tölgyes, T, Torrent Jansà, L, Tovani Palone, M R, Valdez Gonzalez, R A, van Beek, D -J, van Dalen, A S, van den Hondel, D, van der stok, E, van Dorp, M, van Oostendorp, S, van Praag, E, van Rees, J, van Silfhout, L, Vasilica, A -M, Vásquez Ojeda, X, Vilar Alvarez, M E, Viscasillas Pallàs, G, Vizcaya Rodríguez, V, Wang, Y Y, Wellington, M J, Wirsik, M M, Wong, W J, Wong, K -Y, Wright, O Wroe, Yang, P -C, Yanzon de la Torre, A, Younis, M U, Zamora, A T, and Surgery

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Biomedical Research, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), International Cooperation, Practice Patterns, Commission, Global Health, Health Services Accessibility, Perioperative Care, Education, Surgeon, COVID-19, surgery, perioperative care, Medical, Pandemic, Humans, Medicine, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Graduate, Pandemics, Surgeons, Health Resource, Infection Control, Physicians', Surgical Procedures, business.industry, General surgery, Middle Aged, Operative, Education, Medical, Graduate, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Perioperative care, Health Resources, Surgery, Female, business, Human
Abstract

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020 and global surgical practice was compromised. This Commission aimed to document and reflect on the changes seen in the surgical environment during the pandemic, by reviewing colleagues’ experiences and published evidence. Methods In late 2020, BJS contacted colleagues across the global surgical community and asked them to describe how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had affected their practice. In addition to this, the Commission undertook a literature review on the impact of COVID-19 on surgery and perioperative care. A thematic analysis was performed to identify the issues most frequently encountered by the correspondents, as well as the solutions and ideas suggested to address them. Results BJS received communications for this Commission from leading clinicians and academics across a variety of surgical specialties in every inhabited continent. The responses from all over the world provided insights into multiple facets of surgical practice from a governmental level to individual clinical practice and training. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered a variety of problems in healthcare systems, including negative impacts on surgical practice. Global surgical multidisciplinary teams are working collaboratively to address research questions about the future of surgery in the post-COVID-19 era. The COVID-19 pandemic is severely damaging surgical training. The establishment of a multidisciplinary ethics committee should be encouraged at all surgical oncology centres. Innovative leadership and collaboration is vital in the post-COVID-19 era.

Published
2021

20. An ultra-wide bandwidth (704 to 4 032 MHz) receiver for the Parkes radio telescope

Author

Andrew Jameson, Santy Castillo, K. Jeganathan, Michael Kramer, Linqing Wen, Richard N. Manchester, Bin Dong, Stacy Mader, Ryan Shannon, Paul Doherty, Vince McIntyre, Vanessa A. Moss, Ettore Carretti, Yoon S. Chung, Andrew Cameron, Malcolm B. Smith, Danny C. Price, Sean Severs, John Sarkissian, Matthew Whiting, Nathan Pope, Nick Carter, Balthasar T. Indermuehle, Lawrence Toomey, Matthew Bailes, Les Reilly, M. Bourne, M. Marquarding, Stephanie Smith, Charlotte Sobey, Ken W. Smart, Nina Wang, Timothy Robishaw, J. A. Green, M. Bowen, Anastasios Tzioumis, Paul Roberts, Xu-Yang Gao, Elaine M. Sadler, M. Leach, Ron Beresford, B. Preisig, Philip G. Edwards, Peter Roush, George Hobbs, Jin-Lin Han, J. Tuthill, Ken Reeves, Willem van Straten, Simon Johnston, Jane F. Kaczmarek, W. Cheng, D. George, Azeem Ahmed, Douglas B. Hayman, N. D. R. Bhat, Shi Dai, Daniel A. Craig, Stefan Oslowski, Tim Ruckley, Douglas C.-J. Bock, Henry Kanoniuk, James Dempsey, Lister Staveley-Smith, Joanne Dawson, A. Dunning, Tuohutinuer Ergesh, Chris Phillips, John Reynolds, R. Chekkala, M. J. Kesteven, and S.W. Amy

Subjects
Physics, Digital signal processor, business.industry, Instrumentation, Pipeline (computing), instrumentation receivers, Electrical engineering, Linearity, FOS: Physical sciences, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 02 engineering and technology, radio astronomy, 01 natural sciences, Antenna efficiency, Radio telescope, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Calibration, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Noise (radio)
Abstract

We describe an ultra-wide-bandwidth, low-frequency receiver ("UWL") recently installed on the Parkes radio telescope. The receiver system provides continuous frequency coverage from 704 to 4032 MHz. For much of the band (~60%) the system temperature is approximately 22K and the receiver system remains in a linear regime even in the presence of strong mobile phone transmissions. We discuss the scientific and technical aspects of the new receiver including its astronomical objectives, as well as the feed, receiver, digitiser and signal-processor design. We describe the pipeline routines that form the archive-ready data products and how those data files can be accessed from the archives. The system performance is quantified including the system noise and linearity, beam shape, antenna efficiency, polarisation calibration and timing stability., submitted to PASA

Published
2020

21. Sudden cardiac arrest as the initial presentation for left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy

Author

Vishnupriya Kuchana, Rakesh Jakkoju, D. Luke Glancy, Avaneesh Jakkoju, Frank W. Smart, and Pedro Cox-Alomar

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Ejection fraction, business.industry, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Sudden cardiac arrest, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy, Case Studies, Internal medicine, Heart failure, Ventricular fibrillation, cardiovascular system, medicine, Cardiology, Left ventricular noncompaction, Sinus rhythm, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

A 37-year-old man without a significant medical history had an out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest. A bystander started cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and emergency medical services arrived promptly, confirmed ventricular fibrillation, and restored sinus rhythm. An emergent coronary arteriogram was normal. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and suggested left ventricular noncompaction. The patient’s heart failure with reduced ejection fraction was treated with carvedilol, lisinopril, and spironolactone, and after he was weaned from the ventilator he received an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. The patient’s identical twin was treated in the same fashion for a sudden cardiac arrest. Although many experts think that left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy is a distinct nosological entity, others think that it is simply a dilated cardiomyopathy with unusually prominent left ventricular trabeculae.

Published
2019

22. Renal Sympathetic Denervation Protects the Failing Heart Via Inhibition of Neprilysin Activity in the Kidney

Author

Juan Gao, David J. Lefer, Frank W. Smart, David J. Polhemus, Amy Scarborough, Rishi K. Trivedi, Traci T. Goodchild, Daniel R. Kapusta, Kurt J. Varner, Zhen Li, and Huijing Xia

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac fibrosis, Tetrazoles, Renal function, Blood Pressure, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Kidney, Rats, Inbred WKY, Ventricular Function, Left, Norepinephrine, 03 medical and health sciences, Renal Artery, 0302 clinical medicine, Fibrosis, Rats, Inbred SHR, Internal medicine, Renin, medicine, Animals, Bisoprolol, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sympathectomy, Nitrites, Heart Failure, Denervation, business.industry, Aminobutyrates, Angiotensin II, Myocardium, Biphenyl Compounds, medicine.disease, Rats, Drug Combinations, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Echocardiography, Renal sympathetic denervation, Reperfusion Injury, Heart failure, Cardiology, Valsartan, Neprilysin, Myocardial fibrosis, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Abstract

Background Sustained sympathetic activation contributes to the progression of myocardial cell injury, cardiac fibrosis, and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in heart failure (HF). Objectives This study investigated the effects of radiofrequency renal nerve denervation (RF-RDN) on the pathobiology of HF and the interaction between the renal sympathetic nerves and natriuretic peptide (NP) metabolism. Methods Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were subjected to 45 min of coronary artery ligation and reperfusion for 12 weeks. At 4 weeks post-reperfusion, SHR and WKY underwent either bilateral RF-RDN or sham-RDN. Results Following RF-RDN in both strains, LV ejection fraction remained significantly above those levels in respective sham-RDN rats, and at the end of the 12-week study, rats in both strains had significantly reduced LV fibrosis and improved vascular function. RF-RDN therapy significantly improved vascular reactivity to endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilators as well as vascular compliance in the setting of severe HF. Improvements in LV function were accompanied by significant elevations in circulating NP as compared to those associated with sham-RDN. Further investigation into the cause of increased circulating NP levels demonstrated that RF-RDN significantly inhibited renal neprilysin activity in SHR and WKY with HF. Likewise, chronic treatment with the beta1 antagonist bisoprolol inhibited renal neprilysin activity and increased circulation NP levels in WKY with HF. Conclusions This study identifies a novel endogenous pathway by which the renal nerves participate in the degradation of cardioprotective NP. Furthermore, removal of the influence of the renal nerves on kidney function attenuates renal neprilysin activity, augments circulating NP levels, reduces myocardial fibrosis, and improves LV function in the setting of HF.

Published
2017

23. The Impact of Robotics and Automation on Working Conditions and Employment [Ethical, Legal, and Societal Issues]

Author

Raj Madhavan, Q.-C. Pham, Ludovic Righetti, Raja Chatila, and W. Smart

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Engineering, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Robotics, 02 engineering and technology, Social issues, Automation, Computer Science Applications, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Control and Systems Engineering, 0502 economics and business, Engineering ethics, Artificial intelligence, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, 050203 business & management
Abstract

Presents an analysis of how robotics, automation, and artificial intelligence will impact working conditions and patterns of employment in the future.

Published
2018

24. Ultra Wideband (UWB) Receiver for Radio Astronomy

Author

M. Bowen, Ken W. Smart, Les Reilly, Stephanie Smith, A. Dunning, Peter Roush, Douglas B. Hayman, S. Mackay, J. Tuthill, M. Bourne, K. Jeganathan, Robert D. Shaw, Paul Roberts, D. George, Nick Carter, Paul Doherty, Yoon S. Chung, Santiago Castillo, and Sean Severs

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Bandwidth (signal processing), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Electrical engineering, Ultra-wideband, Field of view, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Electromagnetic interference, Radio telescope, Systems design, business, Digital signal processing, Radio astronomy
Abstract

Advancements in receiver technology have been crucial for probing radio-frequency signals from distant sources. The survey speed of a radio telescope represents a critical constraint on astronomical observations and can be expressed in broad terms as the product of bandwidth, field of view and squared sensitivity [1]. Recent advances in digital signal processing allow receivers to provide greater bandwidth and field of view, improving survey speed for any given sensitivity. This paper discusses the fundamental radio telescope design principles, recent design challenges and progress made towards realizing a single feed L-S band receiver system covering from 704 MHz to 4032 MHz. The system design with emphasis on warm (non-cryogenic) electronics, impact of external Radio Frequency Interference (RFI) on the receiver and the commissioning results of the system on the 64m Parkes Radio Telescope in Australia are presented in this paper.

Published
2019

25. A 20GHz Switched Beam Lens Antenna for Airborne Communications Applications

Author

Nasiha Nikolic, Ken W. Smart, Nick Carter, Stephanie Smith, Andrew R. Weily, and Ivan Kekic

Subjects
Physics, business.product_category, business.industry, Axial ratio, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Circulator, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Field of view, 02 engineering and technology, Polarizer, law.invention, Lens (optics), Optics, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Ferrite (magnet), Network switch, business, Circular polarization
Abstract

A 20GHz switched beam lens antenna is presented for airborne communications applications. A 14-element prototype with 6″ lens has been tested to demonstrate the concept. A 37-element array designed with a 2″ lens has been analyzed and is currently under development. The system consists of: a ferrite circulator switch network implemented in waveguide for low loss switching; an array of polarizers used to provide circular polarization; a feed network designed for optimum lens feed layout and switch layout; and a 2″ diameter spherical lens. The gain is expected to be 18dBi +/−1dB over the 37 elements with an axial ratio of

Published
2019

26. A Wide-Band 4 – 12.25 GHz Feed System for the Australia Telescope 22m-Diameter Antenna

Author

M. Bowen, A. Dunning, Douglas B. Hayman, Jamie Stevens, Ken W. Smart, and Christophe Granet

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, Software deployment, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Wide band, Antenna (radio), business, Receiver system
Abstract

The development, manufacture, test and deployment of a 4 – 12.25 GHz receiver system on the Australia Telescope 22m-diameter antennas is presented.

Published
2019

27. Gerald Sanders Berenson, 1922-2018

Author

Frank W. Smart

Subjects
business.industry, MEDLINE, Medicine, Library science, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published
2019

29. CORONARY EMBOLISM IN ASYMPTOMATIC COVID 19 INFECTION

Author

Brian Allen, Natalie Halapin, Frank W. Smart, and Scott Laura

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Complex Clinical Cases, Text mining, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Internal medicine, Cardiology, Medicine, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Coronary embolism, Asymptomatic
Published
2021

30. Evidence for the validity of Protatlanta sculpta (Gastropoda: Pterotracheoidea)

Author

Arie W. Janssen, Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburg, Deborah Wall-Palmer, Alice K. Burridge, Malcolm B. Hart, Erica Goetze, Richard R. Kirby, and Christopher W. Smart

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Morphometrics, biology, Species name, Ecology, Biogeography, Zoology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA barcoding, Pterotracheoidea, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Gastropoda, Animal Science and Zoology, Taxonomy (biology), Atlantidae, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

The genus Protatlanta is thought to be monotypic and is part of the Atlantidae, a family of shelled heteropods. These microscopic planktonic gastropods are poorly known, although research on their ecology is now increasing in response to concerns about the effects of ocean acidification on calcareous plankton. A correctly implemented taxonomy of the Atlantidae is fundamental to this progressing field of research and it requires much attention, particularly using integrated molecular and morphological techniques. Here we use DNA barcoding, shell morphology and biogeography to show that the genus Protatlanta includes at least two valid species in the Atlantic Ocean. Protatlanta souleyeti and Protatlanta sculpta were found to be separate species, with different shell morphology and separated by a K2P genetic distance of 19% sequence divergence at the Cytochrome Oxidase 1 gene. This evidence supports the revival of the species name P. sculpta, which was described by Issel in 1911, but has not been recognised as a valid species since 1915

Published
2016

31. Radiofrequency Renal Denervation Protects the Ischemic Heart via Inhibition of GRK2 and Increased Nitric Oxide Signaling

Author

Rishi K. Trivedi, David J. Polhemus, Daniel R. Kapusta, Amy Scarborough, Traci T. Goodchild, Juan Gao, Kathleen H. McDonough, Frank W. Smart, and David J. Lefer

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sympathetic nervous system, G protein-coupled receptor kinases, G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2, Physiology, Myocardial Ischemia, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Kidney, Nitric Oxide, Rats, Inbred WKY, Nitric oxide, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, radiofrequency, Internal medicine, Integrative Physiology, Rats, Inbred SHR, medicine, oxidative stress, Animals, Myocardial infarction, renal denervation, Denervation, business.industry, nervous system, sympathetic, medicine.disease, Rats, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Blood pressure, chemistry, Heart failure, Cardiology, Catheter Ablation, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Reperfusion injury, Signal Transduction
Abstract

Rationale: Catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) is currently under development for the treatment of resistant hypertension and is thought to reduce blood pressure via interruption of sympathetic pathways that modulate cardiovascular function. The sympathetic nervous system also plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction and heart failure. Objective: We examined whether treatment with radiofrequency (RF)-RDN would protect the heart against subsequent myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via direct effects on the myocardium. Methods and Results: Spontaneously hypertensive rats received either bilateral RF-RDN or sham-RDN. At 4 weeks after RF-RDN (n=14) or sham-RDN (n=14) treatment, spontaneously hypertensive rats were subjected to 30 minutes of transient coronary artery occlusion and 24 hours –7 days reperfusion. Four weeks after RF-RDN, myocardial oxidative stress was markedly attenuated, and transcription and translation of antioxidants, superoxide dismutase 1 and glutathione peroxidase-1, were significantly upregulated compared with sham-RDN spontaneously hypertensive rats. RF-RDN also inhibited myocardial G protein–coupled receptor kinase 2 pathological signaling and enhanced myocardial endothelial nitric oxide synthase function and nitric oxide signaling. RF-RDN therapy resulted in a significant reduction in myocardial infarct size per area at risk compared with sham-RDN (26.8 versus 43.9%; P Conclusions: RF-RDN reduced oxidative stress, inhibited G protein–coupled receptor kinase 2 signaling, increased nitric oxide bioavailability, and ameliorated myocardial reperfusion injury in the setting of severe hypertension. These findings provide new insights into the remote cardioprotective effects of RF-RDN acting directly on cardiac myocytes to attenuate cell death and protect against ischemic injury.

Published
2016

32. A review of the ecology, palaeontology and distribution of atlantid heteropods (Caenogastropoda: Pterotracheoidea: Atlantidae)

Author

Deborah Wall-Palmer, Malcolm B. Hart, Richard R. Kirby, Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburg, Arie W. Janssen, and Christopher W. Smart

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Caenogastropoda, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biogeography, Ocean acidification, Aquatic Science, Biology, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Pterotracheoidea, Paleontology, Animal Science and Zoology, Diel vertical migration, Atlantidae, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

Fewer than 1% of marine gastropod species live a holoplanktic life. Of these, the shelled heteropods of the family Atlantidae are among the most poorly understood. The atlantids potentially make up an important part of the ocean zooplankton, composing up to 69% of shelled holoplanktic gastropods in the Late Pleistocene to Recent fossil record. They are also likely to be at high risk from current and future global changes, including anthropogenic ocean acidification. However, due to their small size (

Published
2016

33. EXCEPTIONAL ACCUMULATIONS OF STATOLITHS IN ASSOCIATION WITH THE CHRISTIAN MALFORD LAGERSTÄTTE (CALLOVIAN, JURASSIC) IN WILTSHIRE, UNITED KINGDOM

Author

Malcolm B. Hart, Christopher W. Smart, Gregory D. Price, Alex De Jonghe, and Kevin Page

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Fossil Record, biology, Paleontology, Lagerstätte, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Mass mortality, Apparent mass, Athleta, Period (geology), %22">Fish , Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

In the shell-rich, laminated clays of the Phaeinum Subzone (Athleta Zone, upper Callovian, Middle Jurassic) of the Peterborough Member of the Oxford Clay Formation, large numbers of statoliths and otoliths have been recovered. This apparent mass mortality is associated with the Christian Malford Lagerstatte in which there is exceptional, soft-bodied preservation of coleoid fossils. Statoliths are the aragonitic ‘stones' that are found in the fluid-filled cavities (or statocysts) within the cartilaginous head of all modern and probably many fossil coleoids. Jurassic statoliths are largely undescribed and there are no known genera or species available to aid their classification. Otoliths, which may be of somewhat similar appearance, are the aragonitic stato-acoustic organs of bony (teleost) fish. These are more familiar to micropaleontologists and have a better known, though limited, fossil record. The abundance of statoliths in the Phaeinum Subzone at Christian Malford may indicate a mass mortality of squid that extends over some 3 m of strata and, therefore, a considerable interval of time. This has been tentatively interpreted as a record of a breeding area (and subsequent death) of squid-like cephalopods over an extended period of time rather than a small number of catastrophic events.

Published
2016

34. The Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary: Foraminifera, sea grasses, sea level change and sequence stratigraphy

Author

Meriel FitzPatrick, Malcolm B. Hart, and Christopher W. Smart

Subjects
010506 paleontology, biology, Range (biology), Paleontology, Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Cretaceous, Foraminifera, Sequence (geology), Sequence stratigraphy, Paleogene, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Geology, Sea level, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract

The tsunami generated by the Chicxulub impact eroded the uppermost Cretaceous surface of the Gulf Coast region (U.S.A.) forming a distinctive topography that was previously interpreted as a sequence boundary. At more distal sites, such as Stevns Klint (Denmark), there appears to be no sequence boundary at the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary but there is one within the uppermost Maastrichtian, between the Sigerslev and Hojerup members, and another in the lowermost Paleocene (top of Zone P1a). Both of these surfaces are identified by distinctive, phosphatized, and incipient hardgrounds. The changes in sea level involved in the generation of uppermost Cretaceous sequences are thought to have been minimal as, in the Gulpen and Maastricht formations of the Maastricht area (Netherlands), the presence of sea grasses and their associated foraminifera would indicate that the chalk sea floor remained within the range of water depth that would allow photosynthesis (

Published
2016

35. The biostratigraphy of the offshore Niger delta during the Late Quaternary: Complexities and progress of dating techniques

Author

Francisca E. Oboh-Ikuenobe, Malcolm B. Hart, Fabienne Marret-Davies, Robert A. Duller, Peter Osterloff, Onema Adojoh, and Christopher W. Smart

Subjects
Planktonic foraminifera, Pleistocene, Biostratigraphy, law.invention, Foraminifera, Paleontology, law, Calcareous nannofossils, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), lcsh:CC1-960, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Radiocarbon dating, Holocene, Earth-Surface Processes, biology, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Macrofossil, Geology, biology.organism_classification, Late pleistocene, lcsh:G, lcsh:Archaeology, Quaternary
Abstract

The Late Quaternary marine sediments from the Niger Delta lacks an age model using conventional radiocarbon dating due to the rarity of calcareous macrofossils. The proprietary nature of material drilled by companies prospecting for hydrocarbons in the Niger Delta basin, and in the rare cases when samples are available for study as well as freshwater dilution from continental runoff have contributed to this dearth of knowledge. The availability of three shallow marine (∼3 m) gravity cores obtained from the eastern, central, and western parts of the Niger Delta provides the opportunity for biostratigraphy utilising well-preserved marker species of planktonic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils in the sediments. The last occurrence (LO) of planktonic foraminiferal species Globorotalia truncatulinoides (late Pleistocene) (MIS 2) and the first occurrence (FO) of Globorotalia tumida (Holocene) (MIS 1) are used to identify two interval zones in the gravity cores. The presence of the calcareous nannofossil Gephyrocapsa oceanica (all

Published
2020

37. A comparison between smaller (>63 μm) and larger (>150 μm) planktonic foraminiferal faunas from the Pleistocene of ODP Site 1073 (Leg 174A), New Jersey margin, NW Atlantic Ocean

Author

Christopher W. Smart

Subjects
biology, Pleistocene, Paleontology, Globigerina bulloides, Plankton, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Pachyderma, Foraminifera, Oceanography, Sinistral and dextral, Abundance (ecology), medicine, Relative species abundance, Geology
Abstract

Planktonic foraminiferal faunas have been studied from the Pleistocene of ODP Site 1073 (Leg 174A), New Jersey margin, NW Atlantic Ocean and their abundances have been compared in the >63 μm and >150 μm size-fractions from the same samples. Trends in the relative abundance of many species are similar in the two size-fractions, although the general level varies considerably. The mean abundance and ranges of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral), N. pachyderma (dextral), Globorotalia inflata and Globigerina bulloides are greater in the >150 μm size-fraction compared with the >63 μm size-fraction. Turborotalita quinqueloba, Globigerinita uvula, G. glutinata, G. clarkei, and juvenile species are more abundant in the >63 μm size-fraction than the >150 μm size-fraction. Peaks (c. 60%) in abundance of G. uvula occur in the >63 μm size-fraction only, although the causes of these patterns are unclear. The data suggest that, in general, consistent palaeoclimatic/palaeoceanographic information is achieved by studying planktonic foraminiferal faunas from either size-fraction. However, because particular smaller species are either under-represented or even absent from the larger (>150 μm) size-fraction, the smaller (>63 μm) size-fraction must be included in studies of planktonic foraminifera. Furthermore, studies that involve planktonic foraminifera in the >63 μm size-fraction could provide different transfer function estimates for sea surface temperatures in areas where workers have only used larger (>125 μm and >150 μm) size-fractions.

Published
2018

38. Distribution of smaller benthic foraminifera in the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean

Author

Christopher W. Smart and John W. Murray

Subjects
geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Coral, Fauna, Paleontology, Atoll, Plankton, biology.organism_classification, Foraminifera, Oceanography, Benthic zone, Archipelago, Reef, Geology
Abstract

The Chagos Archipelago is a series of atolls situated in the centre of the Indian Ocean close to the equator. The area experiences small tides and periods of strong winds. The combined effects of these is to cause relatively high energy conditions to exist in the shallow waters around the reefs, therefore the bottom sediments are coarse grained and mobile. Although the coral faunas are diverse, seagrasses are rare. The total benthic foraminiferal assemblages have low to high species diversity and are dominated by hyaline taxa. On the oceanic side of the atoll reefs, the dominant foraminiferan is Amphistegina lessonii, with subsidiary miliolids. Planklonic tests form up to 20% of the combined benthic and planktonic component. In the lagoon, the assemblages are dominated by Calcarina calcar, with subsidiary miliolids. Planktonic tests are relatively uncommon. Some post-mortem transport and damage to tests has taken place but the distribution patterns are believed to be representative of the original living ones.

Published
2018

40. A Septum Polarizer with Integrated Square to Circular Tapered Waveguide Transition

Author

Nasiha Nikolic, Stephanie Smith, Andrew R. Weily, Ken W. Smart, and Ivan Kekic

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Microwave studio, Materials science, business.industry, Linear polarization, Axial ratio, Physics::Optics, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Polarizer, 01 natural sciences, Waveguide (optics), Square (algebra), law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Return loss, Insertion loss, business
Abstract

A compact septum polarizer has been designed, manufactured and tested with an integrated square to circular tapered waveguide transition yielding two linearly polarized rectangular waveguide ports and one circularly polarized circular waveguide port. The measured S-parameters and axial ratio (AR) are compared with simulated values from CST Microwave Studio. From 18.5–21.5GHz, the AR is less than 0.6dB, insertion loss is less than 0.25dB, and return loss is greater than 25dB.

Published
2018

41. Vertical distribution and diurnal migration of atlantid heteropods

Author

Christopher W. Smart, Hilary J. Sloane, Melanie J. Leng, Brett Metcalfe, P. N. Vinayachandran, Gerald Ganssen, Deborah Wall-Palmer, Earth and Climate, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cluster Earth and Climate [Amsterdam], Department of Earth Sciences [Amsterdam], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)-Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), British Geological Survey [Keyworth], British Geological Survey (BGS), Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences [Bangalore] (CAOS), Indian Institute of Science [Bangalore] (IISc Bangalore), European Project: 746186,H2020-MSCA-IF-2016,POSEIDoN(2017), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), VU University Amsterdam-VU University Amsterdam, and Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)-Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, Aquatic Science, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Isotopes of oxygen, Calcification, Diurnal cycle, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Atlantidae, Gastropod, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Deep chlorophyll maximum, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Aragonite, Ocean acidification, Vertical distribution, biology.organism_classification, Waves and shallow water, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Diurnal migration, Oxygen isotopes, engineering, Environmental science
Abstract

Understanding the vertical distribution and migratory behaviour of shelled holoplanktonic gastropods is essential in determining the environmental conditions to which they are exposed. This is increasingly important in understanding the effects of ocean acidification and climate change. Here we investigated the vertical distribution of atlantid heteropods by collating data from publications and collections and using the oxygen isotope (?18O) composition of single aragonitic shells. Data from publications and collections show 2 patterns of migration behaviour: small species that reside in shallow water at all times, and larger species that make diurnal migrations from the surface at night to deep waters during the daytime. The ?18O data show that all species analysed (n = 16) calcify their shells close to the deep chlorophyll maximum. This was within the upper 110 m of the ocean for 15 species, and down to 146 m for a single species. These findings confirm that many atlantid species are exposed to large environmental variations over a diurnal cycle and may already be well adapted to face ocean changes. However, all species analysed rely on aragonite supersaturated waters in the upper 2.

Published
2018

42. Biogeography and genetic diversity of the atlantid heteropods

Author

Deborah Wall-Palmer, Frank R. Stokvis, Martin V. Sørensen, María Moreno-Alcántara, Katja T. C. A. Peijnenburg, Tom Schiøtte, Erica Goetze, Arie W. Janssen, Christopher W. Smart, Lisette Mekkes, Nina Bednaršek, Alice K. Burridge, and Freshwater and Marine Ecology (IBED, FNWI)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Mitochondrial DNA, Biogeography, Aquatic Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA barcoding, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 14. Life underwater, Clade, Atlantidae, Genetic diversity, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Ecology, Planktonic gastropods, Geology, Plankton, biology.organism_classification, Atlanta, 030104 developmental biology, Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (mtCO1)
Abstract

Highlights • We present a global biogeography and mtCO1 phylogeny for all atlantid morphospecies. • An updated biogeography for all morphospecies is constructed from museum collections. • Phylogeny of 437 new and 52 published sequences revealed 33 clades, 10 that are new. • Some new clades have unique morphological characters and may represent new species. • New clades have distinct distributions, suggesting narrow environmental tolerances., The atlantid heteropods are regularly encountered, but rarely studied marine planktonic gastropods. Relying on a small (

Published
2018

44. Statoliths from the Jurassic succession of south-west England, United Kingdom

Author

Gregory D. Price, Malcolm R. Clarke, Malcolm B. Hart, Alex De Jonghe, Kevin Page, and Christopher W. Smart

Subjects
Paleontology, Ecology, Ecological succession, Biology, Geologic record
Abstract

The occurrence of statoliths within the Jurassic succession of south-west England and other parts of Europe is reviewed. Five ‘morphospecies’ have been identified, ranging in age from Hettangian to Kimmeridgian. With so little published information on statoliths, the presently known geological record is incomplete, although new occurrences are continually being discovered. The occurrence of statoliths, in the absence of soft-bodied fossils, may ultimately provide a more complete indication of the distribution of the soft-bodied host animals. At the present time, however, only one of the statolith ‘morphospecies’ can be, tentatively, linked to a known species of teuthid.

Published
2015

45. Relative sea-level variability during the late Middle Pleistocene : New evidence from eastern England

Author

Natasha L. M. Barlow, R. G. Scaife, Antony J. Long, Kirsty Penkman, Sheila Taylor, A. Sparkes, Christopher W. Smart, David R. Bridgland, W. R. Gehrels, H.J. Davies, and Margot Saher

Subjects
010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Pleistocene, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Tectonic uplift, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Holocene, Sea level, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Geology, 13. Climate action, Interglacial, Ice sheet, Quaternary, Marine transgression
Abstract

Unravelling patterns of relative sea-level change during previous interglacials enhances our understanding of ice sheet response to changing climate. Temperate-latitude estuarine environments have the potential to preserve continuous records of relative sea level from previous interglacial (warm) periods. This is important because, currently, we typically only have snapshots of sea-level highstands from low-latitude corals and raised palaeoshoreline indicators while the (continuous) deep-sea oxygen isotope record only provides indirect evidence of sea-level changes. Here, we focus on the Nar Valley in eastern England, in which is preserved evidence of a late middle-Pleistocene marine transgression more than 20 vertical metres in extent. By applying a model of coastal succession and sea-level tendencies, as used in Holocene sea-level studies, we assess the mode (abrupt versus gradual) of sea-level change recorded by the interglacial Nar Valley sequences. Compiled palaeo-stratigraphic evidence comprising foraminifera, pollen and amino acid racemization dating, suggests that the mode of sea-level change in the Nar Valley interglacial sequence was gradual, with potentially two phases of regional transgression and relative sea-level rise occurring at two separate times. The first phase occurred during the latter part of marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 11 from ˜8 to 18 m OD; and, the second phase potentially occurred during early MIS 9 from ˜-3 to 3 m OD (with long-term tectonic uplift included in these estimates). We cannot conclusively preclude an alternative MIS 11 age for these lower sediments. The lack of indicators for rapid sea-level oscillations in the Nar Valley adds weight to an argument for steady melt of the ice sheets during both MIS 11 and 9.

Published
2017

46. Design and laboratory testing of the five hundred meter aperture spherical telescope (FAST) 19 beam L-band receiver

Author

Henry Kanoniuk, Paul Doherty, Yoon S. Chung, K. Jeganathan, T. Tzioumis, Les Reilly, Stephanie Smith, Santiago Castillo, D. George, S. Mackay, Douglas B. Hayman, Veronica-Claire J. Venables, Sean Ken W. Smart, M. Bowen, Peter Roush, A. Dunning, and Robert D. Shaw

Subjects
Physics, L band, Noise temperature, business.industry, Aperture, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Temperature measurement, law.invention, Telescope, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Metre, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Beam (structure), Radio astronomy
Abstract

We describe a multibeam receiver for the FAST radiotelescope. The receiver provides 19 dual polarised beams over a band of 1050–1450 MHz with an expected receiver noise temperature under 7 K and aperture efficiency of greater than 62%. The feed is currently undergoing final assembly and testing.

Published
2017

47. Performance validation of the 19-element multibeam feed for the five-hundred-metre aperture spherical radio telescope

Author

S. Mackay, Douglas B. Hayman, M. Bowen, Ken W. Smart, Robert D. Shaw, Stephanie Smith, and A. Dunning

Subjects
Parabolic antenna, Physics, Anechoic chamber, business.industry, Aperture, Antenna aperture, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Feed horn, 01 natural sciences, Radio telescope, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Antenna feed, business, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Radio astronomy
Abstract

The performance of an L-band 19-element multibeam feed for the five-hundred-metre aperture spherical radio telescope is verified here. Radiation patterns have been measured in an anechoic chamber in the radiating near field of the array and compared with simulated radiation patterns from HFSS for the same conditions. Very good agreement is observed between the measurements and simulations.

Published
2017

48. TIMING RECOVERY AFTER THE CRETACEOUS/PALEOGENE BOUNDARY: EVIDENCE FROM THE BRAZOS RIVER, TEXAS, USA

Author

Matthew Hampton, Malcolm B. Hart, Melanie J. Leng, Christopher W. Smart, and Andrew D. Leighton

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, Stable isotope ratio, δ18O, Paleontology, Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Cretaceous, Foraminifera, Benthic zone, Paleogene, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Isotope analysis
Abstract

As part of an on-going re-assessment of the Cretaceous/ Paleogene boundary in the Brazos River area, Falls County, Texas, a number of new exposures have been described. One of these, at River Bank South, provides a near continuous record of the lowermost Paleocene. It is from this succession that stable isotope analysis of bulk organic matter (δ13C and C/N) and mono-specific samples of the benthic foraminifera Lenticulina rotulata Lamarck (δ18O and δ13C) yields an orbitally-tuned stable isotope record, which allows the timing of events adjacent to the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary to be determined. Using this cyclicity, it is suggested that the on-set of biotic recovery began ∼40,000 years after the impact (near the base of Zone Pα) and that more significant recovery of planktic foraminifera and calcareous nannofossils began close to the base of Zone P1a, some 85,000–100,000 years post-impact. The data also appear to record the presence of the earliest Paleocene DAN-C2 and Lower C29n hyperthermal events and that these events appear to be an accentuated segment of this orbital cyclicity.

Published
2017

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