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[1800] Vochysia densiflora Spruce ex Warm. (Fig. 60D) Fl. Bras. [Martius] 13 (2): 101 [1 Mar. 1875] (Warming 1875 ). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Ka: tapilen kuwalɨ• Wp: kwalɨpilã, kwalɨ pɨtã • Wn: kanawaimë • Nt: wana kwali • Cr: kwali. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 8 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: D. Sabatier et al. 6272. INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 20 trees in 7 plots; Fmax = 1.4 %; dbhinv = 112.7 cm., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 724, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777

[1787] Erisma nitidum DC. Prodr. [ A. P. de Candolle] 3: 30 [mid Mar. 1828] (Candolle 1828). Qualea lutea Desf. ex Link, Jahrb. Gewächsk. 1 (3): 24 (Link 1820), nom. nud. NOTE. — Known only from the Guiana Shield. VERNACULAR NAMES. — Pa: makuk • Nt: manhunti kwali. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 7 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: J. Martin s.n. (holo-, FI[FI005833]; iso-, FI[FI005832], P[P00733810, P00733811, P00733812]; probable iso-, B[B - W 00040 -01 0]). INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 8 trees in 2 plots; Fmax, Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 722, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777

[1794] Qualea polychroma Stafleu Acta Bot. Neerl. 2 (2): 182 (Stafleu 1953). HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 3 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: D. Sabatier 1462. INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 6 trees in 3 plots; Fmax, Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 723, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777

[1808] Vochysia surinamensis Stafleu Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 95: 439 (Stafleu 194 8). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Ka: wosiwosi • Wp: malakapuli’ɨ • Nt: mutende kwali • Cr: kwali • Fr: couali. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 17 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: D. Sabatier & M.-F. Prévost 2942. INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 29 trees in 14 plots; Fmax, Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 725, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777

[1799] Vochysia cayennensis Warm. Fl. Bras. [Martius] 13 (2): 80 [1 Mar. 1875] (Warming 1875 ). NOTE. — Known only from French Guiana. VERNACULAR NAMES. — Wp: kwalɨsĩ, malakapuli’ɨ• Nt: wana kwali • Fr: grignon sainte marie. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 13 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: J. Martin s.n. (original material B[B - W 00038 -01 0], BM[BM000566734], E[E00285635], F[V0074840F, V0074841F], K[K000566091], NY[00001041],P[P00733830,P00733831, P00733832], US [00108791]). SIZE. — Up to 80 cm dbh (Marcano-Berti 1998)., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 724, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777

[1810] Vochysia tomentosa (G.Mey.) DC. Prodr. [ A. P. de Candolle] 3: 26 [mid Mar. 1828] (Candolle 1828). — Cucullaria tomentosa G.Mey., Prim.Fl.Esseq. 13 [Nov.1818](Meyer 1818). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Ka: kuwali, kwalɨ, walapa kuwalilɨ, wosiwosi tamunen • Wp: kwalɨ, kwalɨ e’e, kwalɨ pilã, kwalɨ pɨtã • Nt: wana kwali • Cr: kwali • Fr: couali • Br: quaruba. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 36 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: L.C. Richard s.n. (original material P[P00733963, P00733965]). INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 74 trees in 28 plots; Fmax = 2.1 %; dbhinv = 133 cm., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 725, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777, {"references":["MEYER G. F. W. 1818. - Primitiae florae Essequeboensis adjectis descriptionibus centum circiter stirpium novarum, observationibusque criticis. H. Dieterich, Gottingen, 316 p."]}

[1798] Ruizterania ferruginea (Steyerm.) Marc.-Berti Pittieria 2: 11 (Marcano-Berti 1969). — Qualea ferruginea Steyerm., Fieldiana, Bot. 28 (2): 295 (Steyermark 1952). Qualea rubiginosa Stafleu, Acta Bot. Neerl. 2 (2): 154 (Stafleu 1953). — Ruizterania rubiginosa (Stafleu) Marc. -Berti, Pittieria 2: 14 (Marcano-Berti 1969). Qualea apodocarpa Steyerm., Bol. Soc.Venez. Ci. Nat. 26: 473 (Steyermark 1966). — Ruizterania apodocarpa (Steyerm.) Marc. -Berti, Pittieria 2: 10 (Marcano-Berti 1969). Qualea rubiginosa var. angustior Steyerm., Acta Bot. Venez. 2 (5-8): 239 (Steyermark 1967). — Ruizterania rubiginosa var. angustior (Steyerm.) Marc. -Berti, Pittieria 2: 15 (Marcano-Berti 1969). HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — A single collection, D. Sabatier 4874, dbh 90 cm., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 724, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777

[1788] Erisma uncinatum Warm. Fl. Bras. [Martius] 13 (2): 110 [1 Mar. 1875] (Warming 1875). Erisma pulverulentum Poepp. ex Warm., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1889: 28 (Warming 1889). NOTE. — Hyperdominant in Amazonia (ter Steege et al. 2020). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Ka: kusili yepo, palulu ipyo, walapa kuwalilɨ • Wp: kwalɨsili • Wn: kalapi alikan • Nt: feli kwali, jaboti, manhunti kwali • Cr: grignon-fou, kwali • Fr: grignon fou • Br: jaboti-daterra-firme, quarubarana. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 39 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: D. Sabatier 2312. INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 69 trees in 30 plots; Fmax, Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 722, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777, {"references":["TER STEEGE H., PRADO P. I., LIMA R. A. F. DE, POS E., DE SOUZA COELHO L., DE ANDRADE LIMA FILHO D., SALOMAO R. P., AMARAL I. L., DE ALMEIDA MATOS F. D., CASTILHO C. V., PHILLIPS O. L., GUEVARA J. E., DE JESUS VEIGA CARIM M., CARDENAS LOPEZ D., MAGNUSSON W. E., WITTMANN F., MARTINS M. P., SABATIER D., IRUME M. V., DA SILVA GUI- MARAES J. R., MOLINO J. - F., BANKI O. S., PIEDADE M. T. F., PITMAN N. C. A., RAMOS J. F., MONTEAGUDO MENDOZA A., VENTICINQUE E. M., LUIZE B. G., NUNEZ VARGAS P., SILVA T. S. F., DE LEAO NOVO E. M. M., REIS N. F. C., TERBORGH J., MANZATTO A. G., CASULA K. R., HONORIO CORONADO E. N., MONTERO J. C., DUQUE A., COSTA F. R. C., CASTANO ARBOLEDA N., SCHONGART J., ZARTMAN C. E., KILLEEN T. J., MARIMON B. S., MARIMON- JUNIOR B. H., VASQUEZ R., MOSTACEDO B., DEMARCHI L. O., FELDPAUSCH T. R., ENGEL J., PETRONELLI P., BARALOTO C., ASSIS R. L., CASTELLANOS H., SIMON M. F., DE MEDEIROS M. B., QUARESMA A., LAUR- ANCE S. G. W., RINCON L. M., ANDRADE A., SOUSA T. R., CAMARGO J. L., SCHIETTI J., LAURANCE W. F., DE QUEIROZ H. L., NASCIMENTO H. E. M., LOPES M. A., DE SOUSA FARIAS E., MAGALHAES J. L. L., BRIENEN R., AYMARD C. G. A., RE- VILLA J. D. C., VIEIRA I. C. G., CINTRA B. B. L., STEVENSON P. R., FEITOSA Y. O., DUIVENVOORDEN J. F., MOGOLLON H. F., ARAUJO- MURAKAMI A., FERREIRA L. V., LOZADA J. R., COMISKEY J. A., DE TOLEDO J. J., DAMASCO G., DAVILA N., LOPES A., GARCIA- VILLACORTA R., DRAPER F., VICENTINI A., CORNEJO VALVERDE F., LLOYD J., GOMES V. H. F., NEILL D., ALONSO A., DALLMEIER F., DE SOUZA F. C., GRIBEL R., AR- ROYO L., CARVALHO F. A., DE AGUIAR D. P. P., DO AMARAL D. D., PANSONATO M. P., FEELEY K. J., BERENGUER E., FINE P. V. A., GUEDES M. C., BARLOW J., FERREIRA J., VILLA B., PENUELA MORA M. C., JIMENEZ E. M., LICONA J. C., CERON C., THOMAS R., MAAS P., SILVEIRA M., HENKEL T. W., STROPP J., PAREDES M. R., DEXTER K. G., DALY D., BAKER T. R., HUAMANTUPA- CHUQUIMACO I., MILLIKEN W., PENNINGTON T., TELLO J. S., PENA J. L. M., PERES C. A., KLITGAARD B., FUENTES A., SILMAN M. R., DI FIORE A., VON HILDEBRAND P., CHAVE J., VAN ANDEL T. R., HILARIO R. R., PHILLIPS J. F., RIVAS- TORRES G., NORONHA J. C., PRIETO A., GONZALES T., DE SA CARPANEDO R., GONZALES G. P. G., GOMEZ R. Z., DE JESUS RODRIGUES D., ZENT E. L., RUSCHEL A. R., VOS V. A., FONTY E., JUNQUEIRA A. B., DOZA H. P. D., HOFFMAN B., ZENT S., BARBOSA E. M., MALHI Y., DE MATOS BONATES L. C., DE ANDRADE MIRANDA I. P., SILVA N., BARBOSA F. R., VELA C. I. A., PINTO L. F. M., RUDAS A., ALBUQUERQUE B. W., UMANA M. N., CARRERO MARQUEZ Y. A., VAN DER HEI- JDEN G., YOUNG K. R., TIRADO M., CORREA D. F., SIERRA R., COSTA J. B. P., ROCHA M., VILANOVA TORRE E., WANG O., OLIVEIRA A. A., KALAMANDEEN M., VRIESENDORP C., RAMIREZ- ANGULO H., HOLMGREN M., NASCIMENTO M. T., GALBRAITH D., FLORES B. M., SCUDELLER V. V., CANO A., AHUITE REATEGUI M. A., MESONES I., BAIDER C., MENDOZA C., ZAGT R., URREGO GIRALDO L. E., FERREIRA C., VILLARROEL D., LINARES- PALOMINO R., FARFAN- RIOS W., FARFAN- RIOS W., CASAS L. F., CARDENAS S., BALSLEV H., TORRES- LEZAMA A., ALEXIADES M. N., GARCIA- CABRERA K., VALENZUELA GAMARRA L., VALDERRAMA SANDOVAL E. H., RAMIREZ AREVALO F., HER- NANDEZ L., SAMPAIO A. F., PANSINI S., PALACIOS CUENCA W., DE OLIVEIRA E. A., PAULETTO D., LEVESLEY A., MELGACO K. & PICKAVANCE G. 2020. - Biased-corrected richness estimates for the Amazonian tree flora. Scientific Reports 10 (1): 10130. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 020 - 66686 - 3"]}

[1811] Vochysia vismiifolia Spruce ex Warm. Fl. Bras. [Martius] 13 (2): 99 [1 Mar. 1875] (Warming 1875), “ vismiaefolia ”. NOTE. — Hyperdominant in Amazonia (ter Steege et al. 2020). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Br: quaruba-vermelha. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 2 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: J.-J. de Granville 5550. INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 10 trees in 5 plots; Fmax, Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 725, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777, {"references":["TER STEEGE H., PRADO P. I., LIMA R. A. F. DE, POS E., DE SOUZA COELHO L., DE ANDRADE LIMA FILHO D., SALOMAO R. P., AMARAL I. L., DE ALMEIDA MATOS F. D., CASTILHO C. V., PHILLIPS O. L., GUEVARA J. E., DE JESUS VEIGA CARIM M., CARDENAS LOPEZ D., MAGNUSSON W. E., WITTMANN F., MARTINS M. P., SABATIER D., IRUME M. V., DA SILVA GUI- MARAES J. R., MOLINO J. - F., BANKI O. S., PIEDADE M. T. F., PITMAN N. C. A., RAMOS J. F., MONTEAGUDO MENDOZA A., VENTICINQUE E. M., LUIZE B. G., NUNEZ VARGAS P., SILVA T. S. F., DE LEAO NOVO E. M. M., REIS N. F. C., TERBORGH J., MANZATTO A. G., CASULA K. R., HONORIO CORONADO E. N., MONTERO J. C., DUQUE A., COSTA F. R. C., CASTANO ARBOLEDA N., SCHONGART J., ZARTMAN C. E., KILLEEN T. J., MARIMON B. S., MARIMON- JUNIOR B. H., VASQUEZ R., MOSTACEDO B., DEMARCHI L. O., FELDPAUSCH T. R., ENGEL J., PETRONELLI P., BARALOTO C., ASSIS R. L., CASTELLANOS H., SIMON M. F., DE MEDEIROS M. B., QUARESMA A., LAUR- ANCE S. G. W., RINCON L. M., ANDRADE A., SOUSA T. R., CAMARGO J. L., SCHIETTI J., LAURANCE W. F., DE QUEIROZ H. L., NASCIMENTO H. E. M., LOPES M. A., DE SOUSA FARIAS E., MAGALHAES J. L. L., BRIENEN R., AYMARD C. G. A., RE- VILLA J. D. C., VIEIRA I. C. G., CINTRA B. B. L., STEVENSON P. R., FEITOSA Y. O., DUIVENVOORDEN J. F., MOGOLLON H. F., ARAUJO- MURAKAMI A., FERREIRA L. V., LOZADA J. R., COMISKEY J. A., DE TOLEDO J. J., DAMASCO G., DAVILA N., LOPES A., GARCIA- VILLACORTA R., DRAPER F., VICENTINI A., CORNEJO VALVERDE F., LLOYD J., GOMES V. H. F., NEILL D., ALONSO A., DALLMEIER F., DE SOUZA F. C., GRIBEL R., AR- ROYO L., CARVALHO F. A., DE AGUIAR D. P. P., DO AMARAL D. D., PANSONATO M. P., FEELEY K. J., BERENGUER E., FINE P. V. A., GUEDES M. C., BARLOW J., FERREIRA J., VILLA B., PENUELA MORA M. C., JIMENEZ E. M., LICONA J. C., CERON C., THOMAS R., MAAS P., SILVEIRA M., HENKEL T. W., STROPP J., PAREDES M. R., DEXTER K. G., DALY D., BAKER T. R., HUAMANTUPA- CHUQUIMACO I., MILLIKEN W., PENNINGTON T., TELLO J. S., PENA J. L. M., PERES C. A., KLITGAARD B., FUENTES A., SILMAN M. R., DI FIORE A., VON HILDEBRAND P., CHAVE J., VAN ANDEL T. R., HILARIO R. R., PHILLIPS J. F., RIVAS- TORRES G., NORONHA J. C., PRIETO A., GONZALES T., DE SA CARPANEDO R., GONZALES G. P. G., GOMEZ R. Z., DE JESUS RODRIGUES D., ZENT E. L., RUSCHEL A. R., VOS V. A., FONTY E., JUNQUEIRA A. B., DOZA H. P. D., HOFFMAN B., ZENT S., BARBOSA E. M., MALHI Y., DE MATOS BONATES L. C., DE ANDRADE MIRANDA I. P., SILVA N., BARBOSA F. R., VELA C. I. A., PINTO L. F. M., RUDAS A., ALBUQUERQUE B. W., UMANA M. N., CARRERO MARQUEZ Y. A., VAN DER HEI- JDEN G., YOUNG K. R., TIRADO M., CORREA D. F., SIERRA R., COSTA J. B. P., ROCHA M., VILANOVA TORRE E., WANG O., OLIVEIRA A. A., KALAMANDEEN M., VRIESENDORP C., RAMIREZ- ANGULO H., HOLMGREN M., NASCIMENTO M. T., GALBRAITH D., FLORES B. M., SCUDELLER V. V., CANO A., AHUITE REATEGUI M. A., MESONES I., BAIDER C., MENDOZA C., ZAGT R., URREGO GIRALDO L. E., FERREIRA C., VILLARROEL D., LINARES- PALOMINO R., FARFAN- RIOS W., FARFAN- RIOS W., CASAS L. F., CARDENAS S., BALSLEV H., TORRES- LEZAMA A., ALEXIADES M. N., GARCIA- CABRERA K., VALENZUELA GAMARRA L., VALDERRAMA SANDOVAL E. H., RAMIREZ AREVALO F., HER- NANDEZ L., SAMPAIO A. F., PANSINI S., PALACIOS CUENCA W., DE OLIVEIRA E. A., PAULETTO D., LEVESLEY A., MELGACO K. & PICKAVANCE G. 2020. - Biased-corrected richness estimates for the Amazonian tree flora. Scientific Reports 10 (1): 10130. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 020 - 66686 - 3"]}

[1806] Vochysia sofiae Marc.-Berti & Poncy Pittieria 40: 176 (Marcano-Berti & Poncy 2016 ). NOTE. — Known only from French Guiana. VERNACULAR NAMES. — Pa: ã-seiminio-purubumna • Cr: kwali • Br: quaruba. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 4 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: O. Tostain et al. 2725 (holo-, P [P04776153]; iso-, CAY [CAY101513, CAY101514, CAY101515], P [P04776154]), 35 m., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 725, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777

[1792] Qualea dinizii Ducke Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1 (1): 49 (Ducke 1915). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Wp: pilima’ɨpiyũ, pilima’ɨwu. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 2 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: G. Angel 29. INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 3 trees in 3 plots; Fmax, Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 723, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777, {"references":["DUCKE A. 1915. - Plantes nouvelles ou peu connues de la region amazonienne. Archivos do Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro 1 (1): 7 - 57."]}

[1789] Qualea acuminata Spruce ex Warm. Fl. Bras. [Martius] 13 (2): 40 [1 Mar. 1875] (Warming 1875). Qualea speciosa Huber, Bol. Mus. Paraense Hist. Nat. Ethnogr. 3: 425 (Huber 1902). HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 2 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: F.M.R. Leprieur 284 (P[P04660120]). SIZE. — Up to 20 m tall (Marcano-Berti 1998)., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 722, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777

[1801] Vochysia glaberrima Warm. Fl. Bras. [Martius] 13 (2): 78 [1 Mar. 1875] (Warming 1875 ). Vochysia lucida Klotzsch ex M.R.Schomb., Reis. Br. - Guiana [Ri. Schomburgk] 3: 1099 [“1848” publ. 7-10 Mar. 1849] (Schomburgk 1849), nom. illeg. hom., non C.Presl (1834). HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 2 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: D. Sabatier & J.-F. Molino 5136. INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 1 tree, dbh = 111.4 cm., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 724, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777

[1797] Ruizterania albiflora (Warm.) Marc. -Berti Pittieria 2: 9 (Marcano-Berti 1969). — Qualea albiflora Warm., Fl. Bras. [Martius] 13 (2): 36 [1 Mar. 1875] (Warming 1875). Qualea glaberrima Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 1 (1): 46 (Ducke 1915). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Pa: ã-seiminio-puvemna • Ka: tɨyapotano ilakopi • Nt: gonfolo kwali • Cr: grignon-boni, grignon-fou • Fr: gonfolo gris • Br: mandioqueira-lisa, mandioqueira-preta. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 35 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: M.-F. Prévost 3198. INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 174 trees in 94 plots; Fmax = 1.5 %; dbhinv = 143.2 cm., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 724, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777, {"references":["DUCKE A. 1915. - Plantes nouvelles ou peu connues de la region amazonienne. Archivos do Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro 1 (1): 7 - 57."]}

[1793] Qualea moriboomiorum Marc.-Berti (Fig. 60C) Pittieria 18: 5 (Marcano-Berti 1989), “ mori-boomii ”. NOTE. — Known only from French Guiana. Automatic correction of “ mori-boomii ”, according to Art. 60.8 of the ICN (Turland et al. 2018). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Fr: gonfolo bleu. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 6 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: S.A. Mori & B.M. Boom 15225 (holo-, NY[00001003]; iso-, CAY[CAY024985], P[P00162580]). INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 44 trees in 18 plots; Fmax = 1.7 %; dbhinv = 86.1 cm., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 723, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777, {"references":["TURLAND N. J., WIERSEMA J. H., BARRIE F. R., GREUTER W., HAWKSWORTH D. L., HERENDEEN P. S., KNAPP S., KUSBER W. - H., LI D. - Z., MARHOLD K., MAY T. W., MCNEILL J., MONRO A. M., PRADO J., PRICE M. J. & SMITH G. F. 2018. - International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Koeltz Botanical Books, Glashutten. (Regnum Vegetabile; 159). https: // doi. org / 10.12705 / Code. 2018"]}

[1807] Vochysia speciosa Warm. Fl. Bras. [Martius] 13 (2): 79 [1 Mar. 1875] (Warming 1875 ). HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 5 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: P.A. Poiteau s.n. (original material G[G00343253, G00343255], K[K000565944], M[M0239555], P[P00733917, P00733918]). SIZE. — Up to 45 m tall (Marcano-Berti 1998)., Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 725, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777

We present a list of tree species of French Guiana, based on data collected from herbarium specimens and tree inventories, and verified against all available taxonomic literature to date. The list contains 1811 taxa representing 87 families and 421 genera, including 143 unnamed species which either may be species not previously recorded in French Guiana, or taxa new to Science. Original demographic data such as global abundance, local maximum frequency and geographic dispersion, are given for the 1293 species present in tree inventories. Our work has led to the recognition of certain taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties, including a new combination in Lecythis Loefl. (Lecythidaceae), several lectotypifications and new synonyms, as well as reinstatement of Sloanea acutiflora Uittien (Elaeocarpaceae), Eugenia sinemariensis Aubl. (Myrtaceae), and four species of Inga (Leguminosae). In addition, we provide the most comprehensive list available to date of corresponding vernacular names (4354 for 1157 species) in nine languages spoken in French Guiana: Palikur, Kali’na, Teko, Wayãpi, Wayana, Nengee tongo (Aluku/Ndjuka/Paramaka), Creole, French, and Brasilian Portuguese. The checklist is complemented by indexes of exsiccata, vernacular names and scientific names. The introductory part is available in French and English., Nous présentons une liste des espèces d’arbres de Guyane française, basée sur des données issues de spécimens d’herbiers et d’inventaires d’arbres. Les noms ont été vérifiés au regard de toute la littérature taxonomique disponible à ce jour. La liste contient 1811 taxons représentant 87 familles et 421 genres, dont 143 espèces non nommées qui peuvent être soit des espèces non répertoriées précédemment en Guyane française, soit des taxons nouveaux pour la Science. Des données démographiques originales telles que l’abondance globale, la fréquence maximale locale et la dispersion géographique, sont données pour les 1293 espèces présentes dans les inventaires d’arbres. Nos travaux ont conduit à la reconnaissance de quelques nouveautés taxonomiques et nomenclaturales, dont une nouvelle combinaison dans le genre Lecythis Loefl. (Lecythidaceae), plusieurs lectotypifications et nouveaux synonymes, ainsi que la réinstallation de Sloanea acutiflora Uittien (Elaeocarpaceae), d’Eugenia sinemariensis Aubl. (Myrtaceae), et de quatre espèces du genre Inga (Leguminosae). En outre, nous fournissons la liste la plus complète disponible à ce jour des noms vernaculaires correspondants (4354 pour 1157 espèces) dans neuf langues parlées en Guyane française : Palikur, Kali’na, Teko, Wayãpi, Wayana, Nengee tongo (Aluku/Ndjuka/Paramaka), Créole, Français, et Portugais du Brésil. Le catalogue est complété par des index des exsiccata, des noms vernaculaires et des noms scientifiques. La partie introductive est proposée en français et en anglais.

[1786] Erisma floribundum Rudge Pl. Guian. [Rudge] 1 (1): 7 [Apr. 1805] (Rudge 1805). — Debraea floribunda (Rudge) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. [Roemer & Schultes] 1: 34 [Jan.-June 1817] (Roemer & Schultes 1817). — Ditmaria floribunda (Rudge) Spreng., Syst.Veg. [Sprengel] 1: 16 [“1825” publ. late 1824] (Sprengel 1824). Erisma parvifolium Gleason, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 60 (5): 362 [May 1933] (Gleason 1933). Erisma pallidiflorum Ducke, Arch. Inst. Biol.Veg. 2 (1): 54 [Sep. 1935] (Ducke 1935). — Erisma parvifolium var. pallidiflorum (Ducke) Ducke, Arch. Inst. Biol. Veg. 4 (1): 43 [June 1938] (Ducke 1938). VERNACULAR NAMES. — Ka: kuwalɨlan • Wp: kwalɨ sili • Nt: feli kwali, jaboti, manhunti kwali • Cr: grignon-fou • Br: jaboti-daterra-firme. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 12 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: J. Martin s.n. (original material BM[BM000566722, BM000938998], BR, [BR0000005529711], LINN[LINN-HS 17.1], M[M0239626], MO[MO-251856]). INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 8 trees in 5 plots; Fmax, Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 722, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777, {"references":["DUCKE A. 1935. - Le \" Pajura \" et le \" Parinary \" d'Amazonie. Revue de Botanique appliquee et d'Agriculture coloniale 15: 179 - 182."]}

[1805] Vochysia sabatieri Marc.-Berti (Fig. 60E) Pittieria 18: 9 (Marcano-Berti 1989 ). NOTE. — Known only from French Guiana. VERNACULAR NAMES. — Nt: kopi kwali. HERBARIUM DATA (FG). — 13 collections at CAY. Sel. exs.: D. Sabatier 1170 (original material CAY[CAY024988, CAY024989], NY[00927585]). INVENTORY DATA (FG). — 3 trees in 2 plots; Fmax, Published as part of Molino, Jean-François, Sabatier, Daniel, Grenand, Pierre, Engel, Julien, Frame, Dawn, Delprete, Piero G., Fleury, Marie, Odonne, Guillaume, Davy, Damien, Lucas, Eve J. & Martin, Claire A., 2022, An annotated checklist of the tree species of French Guiana, including vernacular nomenclature, pp. 345-903 in Adansonia (3) (3) 44 (26) on page 725, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a26, http://zenodo.org/record/7458777

Vochysia sobralii G.H.Shimizu & D.J.P.Gonç., spec. nov. (Figures 1–3) Vochysia sobralii is characterized by presenting opposite leaves or in 3-merous whorls, petioles longer than 1 cm, leaf blades longer than 13 cm, elliptic, with cuspidate apex and cuneate base. Type: — BRAZIL. Pará: Altamira, Serra do Cachimbo, December 2005, fl., M. Sobral & A. G. Oliveira 10876 (holotype HUEFS108806! [mounted on two sheets], isotype MBM barcode 312865!). Trees, 15–20 m tall. Branchlets quadrangular or subterete, ferrugineous tomentellous, cortex not exfoliating. Leaves opposite or in 3-merous whorls; stipules ca. 0.5 cm long, deltoid, tomentellous, caducous; petiole 1.1–1.7 cm long, pilose; leaf blade 13.5–19 × 4–6.2 cm, elliptic, chartaceous; adaxial surface glabrous, shiny, midrib impressed and secondary veins prominulous; abaxial surface tomentellous, midrib and secondary veins prominent, intersecondary veins less prominent, tertiary veins reticulate, also less prominent, marginal vein about 0.5–1 mm from the leaf margin, undulate; apex cuspidate, base cuneate, margin flat to subrevolute. Inflorescence a thyrse of cincinni, terminal, 19–25 cm long, tomentellous; cincinni 1-florous, peduncle ca. 0.3 cm long and pedicel ca. 1 cm long; bracts caducous. Flower bud ca. 2 × 0.2 cm, sub-incurved, falcate, apex acute, puberulous; spur 4–8 × 1 mm, recurved, cylindrical, apex rounded; spurred sepal 24–35 mm long; remaining 4 smaller calyx lobes 1.5–2.5 × 2–3 mm, deltoid to ovate, apex obtuse. Petals absent. Stamen 1, filament 2–3 mm long, anther 16–19 mm long, densely villose on the back and between the thecae on the inner side; staminodes 2, 1– 1.5 mm long, glabrous. Ovary 2 × 1.5–2 mm, conical, tomentose; style 17–18 mm long, cylindrical but with the upper half slightly clavate, straight to incurved, glabrous except for the base; stigma capitate, terminal. Capsule and seeds unknown. Distribution and habitat: —This species was collected in a forest border, in the southern part of the municipality of Altamira, Serra do Cachimbo, Pará state, Brazil (Figure 3). This region, north of Mato Grosso state and south of Pará, is a transition area between Amazon rainforests and cerrados from Central Brazil (MMA 2009). Phenology: —The only known gathering was collected in flowers in December. Conservation status: —The lack of additional collections of Vochysia sobralii prevents the assessment of extinction risk, rendering it as data deficient (DD) for now, following IUCN Red List guidelines (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2016). The species was collected during one of the flora surveys for the creation of the “Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo” Biological Reserve, which is a conservation unit with significant environmental importance, as it protects hundreds of perennial springs, forming important rivers in the Xingu and Tapajós basins, and also because of its heterogeneity and environmental peculiarity (MMA 2009). However, despite being a conservation unit, the region endures threats such as deforestation for grazing and fires, which were intensified in 2021 (ISA 2021). Etymology: —The specific epithet honors the plant taxonomist and Myrtaceae specialist Prof. Marcos Eduardo Guerra Sobral, who collected the species during the floristic survey for the “Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo” Biological Reserve’s management plan (MMA 2009). Discussion: —Within Vochysia sect. Pachyantha, Vochysia sobralii is more similar to V. sofiae, due to the long petioles, large leaves, and cuspidate leaf apex. But it differs in the cuneate leaf base (vs. obtuse or rounded in V. sofiae) and acute flower bud apex (vs. obtuse). Also, V. sobralii occurs in southern Pará, Brazil, ca. 1,500 km apart from Saint-Georges-de-l’Oyapock, French Guiana, where V. sofiae was collected. A dichotomous key and a link to a multi-access interactive key for all ten species of the section Pachyantha are presented below., Published as part of Shimizu, Gustavo Hiroaki & Gonçalves, Deise Josely Pereira, 2022, Vochysia sobralii (Vochysiaceae), a new species from Serra do Cachimbo, Pará, Brazil, and updated keys for Vochysia sect. Pachyantha, pp. 207-213 in Phytotaxa 542 (2) on pages 208-209, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.542.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/6417871, {"references":["MMA [Ministerio do Meio Ambiente] (2009) Plano de Manejo da Reserva Biologica Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo, MMA, Brasilia, pp. Available from: http: // www. gov. br / icmbio / pt-br / assuntos / biodiversidade / unidade-de-conservacao / unidades-de-biomas / amazonia / lista-de-ucs / rebio-dnascentes-da-serra-do-cachimbo / arquivos / rebio _ nascentes _ da _ serra _ do _ cachimbo. pdf (accessed 10 September 2021)","IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2016) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, version 12. Cambridge UK. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / RedListGuidelines. pdf (accessed 10 September 2021)","ISA [Instituto Socioambiental] (2021) Instituto Socioambiental. Available from: http: // www. socioambiental. org / pt-br / noticiassocioambientais / destruicao-no-xingu-e-recorde-em-area-de-influencia-da-rodovia-da-soja (accessed 10 September 2021)"]}

Vochysia sobralii, a new species of Vochysiaceae endemic to the Serra do Cachimbo, in the state of Pará, Brazil, is described and illustrated in this study. The newly described species is included in Vochysia section Pachyantha, which comprises species with tomentose ovary and without petals. Additionally, two updated identification keys (one dichotomous and other multi-access interactive) for V. sect. Pachyantha, with all ten species, are provided.

Vochysia sobralii G.H.Shimizu & D.J.P.Gonç., spec. nov. (Figures 1–3) Vochysia sobralii is characterized by presenting opposite leaves or in 3-merous whorls, petioles longer than 1 cm, leaf blades longer than 13 cm, elliptic, with cuspidate apex and cuneate base. Type: — BRAZIL. Pará: Altamira, Serra do Cachimbo, December 2005, fl., M. Sobral & A. G. Oliveira 10876 (holotype HUEFS108806! [mounted on two sheets], isotype MBM barcode 312865!). Trees, 15–20 m tall. Branchlets quadrangular or subterete, ferrugineous tomentellous, cortex not exfoliating. Leaves opposite or in 3-merous whorls; stipules ca. 0.5 cm long, deltoid, tomentellous, caducous; petiole 1.1–1.7 cm long, pilose; leaf blade 13.5–19 × 4–6.2 cm, elliptic, chartaceous; adaxial surface glabrous, shiny, midrib impressed and secondary veins prominulous; abaxial surface tomentellous, midrib and secondary veins prominent, intersecondary veins less prominent, tertiary veins reticulate, also less prominent, marginal vein about 0.5–1 mm from the leaf margin, undulate; apex cuspidate, base cuneate, margin flat to subrevolute. Inflorescence a thyrse of cincinni, terminal, 19–25 cm long, tomentellous; cincinni 1-florous, peduncle ca. 0.3 cm long and pedicel ca. 1 cm long; bracts caducous. Flower bud ca. 2 × 0.2 cm, sub-incurved, falcate, apex acute, puberulous; spur 4–8 × 1 mm, recurved, cylindrical, apex rounded; spurred sepal 24–35 mm long; remaining 4 smaller calyx lobes 1.5–2.5 × 2–3 mm, deltoid to ovate, apex obtuse. Petals absent. Stamen 1, filament 2–3 mm long, anther 16–19 mm long, densely villose on the back and between the thecae on the inner side; staminodes 2, 1– 1.5 mm long, glabrous. Ovary 2 × 1.5–2 mm, conical, tomentose; style 17–18 mm long, cylindrical but with the upper half slightly clavate, straight to incurved, glabrous except for the base; stigma capitate, terminal. Capsule and seeds unknown. Distribution and habitat: —This species was collected in a forest border, in the southern part of the municipality of Altamira, Serra do Cachimbo, Pará state, Brazil (Figure 3). This region, north of Mato Grosso state and south of Pará, is a transition area between Amazon rainforests and cerrados from Central Brazil (MMA 2009). Phenology: —The only known gathering was collected in flowers in December. Conservation status: —The lack of additional collections of Vochysia sobralii prevents the assessment of extinction risk, rendering it as data deficient (DD) for now, following IUCN Red List guidelines (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2016). The species was collected during one of the flora surveys for the creation of the “Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo” Biological Reserve, which is a conservation unit with significant environmental importance, as it protects hundreds of perennial springs, forming important rivers in the Xingu and Tapajós basins, and also because of its heterogeneity and environmental peculiarity (MMA 2009). However, despite being a conservation unit, the region endures threats such as deforestation for grazing and fires, which were intensified in 2021 (ISA 2021). Etymology: —The specific epithet honors the plant taxonomist and Myrtaceae specialist Prof. Marcos Eduardo Guerra Sobral, who collected the species during the floristic survey for the “Nascentes da Serra do Cachimbo” Biological Reserve’s management plan (MMA 2009). Discussion: —Within Vochysia sect. Pachyantha, Vochysia sobralii is more similar to V. sofiae, due to the long petioles, large leaves, and cuspidate leaf apex. But it differs in the cuneate leaf base (vs. obtuse or rounded in V. sofiae) and acute flower bud apex (vs. obtuse). Also, V. sobralii occurs in southern Pará, Brazil, ca. 1,500 km apart from Saint-Georges-de-l’Oyapock, French Guiana, where V. sofiae was collected. A dichotomous key and a link to a multi-access interactive key for all ten species of the section Pachyantha are presented below.

Mahechadendron Ariza-Cortés, Cortés-Ballén & Fern.Alonso, gen. nov. (Figures 1–5). Type species:— Mahechadendron puntecascarillo Ariza-Cortés, Cortés-Ballén & Fern.Alonso Diagnosis:— Mahechadendron differs from other Vochysiaceae genera by the following combination of characters: axillary inflorescences in compound dichasia, compact, only developed laterally, with numerous flowers (16–30); flowers with the fourth sepal basally sacciform, villous-lanose inside, sessile, elliptic and villous petal, stamen with a villous-lanose filament, without staminodes, ovary with two ovules per locule; capsular fruit with exocarp fused to endocarp even at maturity, not brittle, with a thick and persistent central column; one seed per locule, unilaterally winged. Description:— Trees, branchlets subopposite, decussate.Axillary cataphylls at the insertion of terminal branchlets, perulate buds prominent. Stipules minute, caducous. Leaves simple, opposite, distichous, caducous; lamina pinnately veined, villous domatia at the base of basal veins in the lower surface. Inflorescences compound dichasia, axillary, congested, main axis minute, many-flowered. Flowers asymmetrical. Calyx with quincuncial prefloration (aestivation), gamosepalous, with cup-shaped base, forming an angle of 40–60 with the pedicel, five unequal sepals, sepal 4 covering the inner whorls, base saccate, revolute in anthesis, inner surface with white villous-lanose indumentum, sepals 1 and 2 slightly unequal in size, sepals 3 and 5 lightly unequal in size, ovate, inner surface with villous-lanose indumentum; corolla with one petal inserted between sepals 3 and 5 (or slightly offset toward sepal 5), white, margin revolute in anthesis, inner surface with villous-lanose indumentum; androecium and gynoecium maturing apparently at the same time; androecium of one stamen placed offset towards sepal 3 or 5, filament with villous-lanose indumentum, anther bilocular, introrse, longitudinally dehiscent; gynoecium with superior ovary, trilocular, with white villous-lanose indumentum, placentation axile, ovules 2 per locule, style cylindrical, stigma subcapitate. Fruit a capsule, trilocular, loculicidal, trivalvous, exocarp soft, slightly tuberculate, glabrous, central column thick, persistent, and shorter than valves. Seed 1 per locule, unilaterally winged, phanerocotylar. Etymology:—The first part of the name of this genus is dedicated to Gilberto Emilio Mahecha Vega (1942–2021), a notable Colombian Botanist, expert in dendrology, who founded the Herbarium UDBC. He was a professor of Botany and Dendrology at the Universidad Distrital Francisco José Caldas in Bogotá and trained generations of Forest Engineer students for more than two decades. Additionally, he is one of the most prolific collectors of Colombian trees and collected the Puntecascarillo for the first time in the ‘60s. The second part, “dendron” is the Greek word for tree and relates to the arborescent habit., Published as part of Ariza-Cortés, William, Cortés-B, Rocio & Fernández-Alonso, José Luis, 2022, Mahechadendron puntecascarillo (Vochysiaceae), a new genus and forest tree species from Colombia, pp. 89-112 in Phytotaxa 541 (2) on page 93, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6388623

Mahechadendron Ariza-Cortés, Cortés-Ballén & Fern.Alonso, gen. nov. (Figures 1–5). Type species:— Mahechadendron puntecascarillo Ariza-Cortés, Cortés-Ballén & Fern.Alonso Diagnosis:— Mahechadendron differs from other Vochysiaceae genera by the following combination of characters: axillary inflorescences in compound dichasia, compact, only developed laterally, with numerous flowers (16–30); flowers with the fourth sepal basally sacciform, villous-lanose inside, sessile, elliptic and villous petal, stamen with a villous-lanose filament, without staminodes, ovary with two ovules per locule; capsular fruit with exocarp fused to endocarp even at maturity, not brittle, with a thick and persistent central column; one seed per locule, unilaterally winged. Description:— Trees, branchlets subopposite, decussate.Axillary cataphylls at the insertion of terminal branchlets, perulate buds prominent. Stipules minute, caducous. Leaves simple, opposite, distichous, caducous; lamina pinnately veined, villous domatia at the base of basal veins in the lower surface. Inflorescences compound dichasia, axillary, congested, main axis minute, many-flowered. Flowers asymmetrical. Calyx with quincuncial prefloration (aestivation), gamosepalous, with cup-shaped base, forming an angle of 40–60 with the pedicel, five unequal sepals, sepal 4 covering the inner whorls, base saccate, revolute in anthesis, inner surface with white villous-lanose indumentum, sepals 1 and 2 slightly unequal in size, sepals 3 and 5 lightly unequal in size, ovate, inner surface with villous-lanose indumentum; corolla with one petal inserted between sepals 3 and 5 (or slightly offset toward sepal 5), white, margin revolute in anthesis, inner surface with villous-lanose indumentum; androecium and gynoecium maturing apparently at the same time; androecium of one stamen placed offset towards sepal 3 or 5, filament with villous-lanose indumentum, anther bilocular, introrse, longitudinally dehiscent; gynoecium with superior ovary, trilocular, with white villous-lanose indumentum, placentation axile, ovules 2 per locule, style cylindrical, stigma subcapitate. Fruit a capsule, trilocular, loculicidal, trivalvous, exocarp soft, slightly tuberculate, glabrous, central column thick, persistent, and shorter than valves. Seed 1 per locule, unilaterally winged, phanerocotylar. Etymology:—The first part of the name of this genus is dedicated to Gilberto Emilio Mahecha Vega (1942–2021), a notable Colombian Botanist, expert in dendrology, who founded the Herbarium UDBC. He was a professor of Botany and Dendrology at the Universidad Distrital Francisco José Caldas in Bogotá and trained generations of Forest Engineer students for more than two decades. Additionally, he is one of the most prolific collectors of Colombian trees and collected the Puntecascarillo for the first time in the ‘60s. The second part, “dendron” is the Greek word for tree and relates to the arborescent habit.

Key to the genera of Vochysiaceae 1. Trees with unilocular inferior ovary, samaroid fruits.........................................................................................................................2 - Trees, shrubs or subshrubs with trilocular superior ovary, capsular fruits (Neotropics)...................................................................4 2. Flowers with five petals, fruits with five wings (West Africa)...........................................................................................................3 - Flowers with a single petal, fruits with four wings (Neotropics)............................................................................................. Erisma 3. Calyx with three petaloid sepals and two non-petaloid.............................................................................................. Korupodendron - Calyx with five non-petaloid sepals............................................................................................................................. Erismadelphus 4. Petals 5, branches with 5–9 leaves per node......................................................................................................................... Salvertia - Petals absent, 1 or 3, branches with 2–5(8) leaves per node..............................................................................................................5 5. Petals usually 3, less often absent or 1.................................................................................................................................. Vochysia - Petals 1................................................................................................................................................................................................6 6. Stipules transformed into glands, fruit without a central column......................................................................................................7 - Stipules obsolete, not transformed into glands, fruit with a thick and persistent central column......................................................8 7. Unspurred sepal lobes appressed to the spurred sepal and much shorter than it; anther with unilaterally ciliated theca............................................................................................................................................................................................................... Ruizterania - Unspurred sepal lobes not appressed to the spurred sepal, generally of similar length; anther glabrous or hairy only on back........................................................................................................................................................................................................... Qualea 8. Inflorescences in cincinnus with 1–5 flowers, unguiculate petal, fruits with brittle exocarp that separates unevenly from the endocarp, circularly winged seeds..................................................................................................................................... Callisthene - Inflorescences in compound dichasia with more than 16 flowers, sessile petal, fruits with exocarp soft, not brittle, not separated from the endocarp, unilaterally winged seeds.......................................................................................................... Mahechadendron, Published as part of Ariza-Cortés, William, Cortés-B, Rocio & Fernández-Alonso, José Luis, 2022, Mahechadendron puntecascarillo (Vochysiaceae), a new genus and forest tree species from Colombia, pp. 89-112 in Phytotaxa 541 (2) on page 108, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6388623

The new genus and species Mahechadendron puntecascarillo are described based on specimens first collected in the ‘60s but only recently found with flowers and fruits. It grows in the moist forests of the Middle Magdalena River in Colombia. The highly durable wood of this forest tree species is still used intensively for construction. Morphological and rbcL sequence data place this genus in the Vochysiaceae, most likely closely related to Callisthene. Mahechadendron shows inflorescences in compound dichasia, compact, only developed laterally, traits not previously recorded in this family. Mahechadendron puntecascarillo exhibits the tiniest flowers known in the Vochysiaceae, with the fourth sepal basally sacciform, and copious villous-lanose indumentum in the internal portions of the fourth sepal, petal, filament, and ovary; the flowers also have the single petal non-clawed, a feature not very common in Vochysiaceae. In addition, the capsular fruit has a thick and persistent central column, and the exocarp is fused to the endocarp even at maturity, with seeds unilaterally winged. Moreover, this species bears mirror-image flowers, indicating enantiostyly, a sexual polymorphism already known in some Vochysiaceae. The conservation status suggested for the new species is Endangered (EN). A key to the genera of Vochysiaceae is provided.

Mahechadendron puntecascarillo Ariza-Cortés, Cortés-Ballén & Fern.Alonso, sp. nov. (Figs. 1–5). Type: — COLOMBIA. Santander: Mun. Cimitarra, Vereda Bonanza, Finca El Jardín. En relictos de bosque sobre colinas disectadas, con pendientes fuertes. Altitud: 200–300 m, 25 March 2019, (fl), W. Ariza-Cortés 8450 (holotype UDBC!; isotypes COL!, CUVC!, FMB!, HUA!, JAUM!, UIS!, UDBC!, UPTC!). [Inflorescences and wood samples deposited in the UDBC complementary wet collection -Anthoteca-, and in the Xyloteca José Anatolio Lastra, respectively]. Tree, deciduous, (16)20–28(35) m tall, (40)70–120(190) cm in diameter, trunk base canaliculate or with poorly developed rounded fins; trunk reddish-brown (inside the forest) or dark gray (at full sun exposure), white-spotted, slightly canaliculate, rhytidome slightly fissured, with thin plates, living bark thin, cream. Wood dense and heavy, heartwood dark maroon, sapwood cream. Crown small, loose foliage, branchlets subopposite, decussate, exfoliating in thin flakes; terminal branchlets distichous, subopposite, shortly villous in two longitudinal rows becoming glabrescent in older branchlets, axillary cataphylls at the insertion of terminal branchlets, perulate buds prominent, glabrous. Stipules minute (Leaves simple, opposite, distichous; petiole slightly canaliculate, strigulose mainly on the upper surface, 1.5–3 mm long, 0.7–1.1 mm in diameter; lamina light green, coriaceous, shiny adaxially, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 3–11 cm long, 0.6–2.5 cm wide, base attenuate or subcordate, apex acuminate or mucronate, margin entire, slightly revolute, young leaves pubescent with ciliate margin, mature leaves glabrescent; lamina pinnately veined, main vein flat or slightly sulcate adaxially, prominent abaxially, glabrous or hairy from base to the lamina center, secondary veins brochidodromous, 11–21 vein pairs, spaced irregularly, prominulous adaxially, prominent abaxially, about straight, bending toward the margin, often with villous domatia at the base of basal veins in the lower surface, tertiary veins reticulate, quaternary veins open. Inflorescences compound dichasia, congested, axillary, often rising from buds protected by cataphylls; peduncle 1–2 mm long, 0.7–0.8 mm in diameter, secondary and tertiary rachis very short, (8)16–26(30) flowers; bracts ovate to deltoid, margin ciliate, strigose, 0.4–0.5 mm long, 0.45–0.5 mm wide, bracteoles 0–3, at pedicel base, the central larger, 0.3–0.4 mm long, 0.3–0.4 mm wide, partially covering the two smaller lateral ones, 0.2–0.3 mm long, 0.2–0.3 mm wide; pedicels slightly canaliculated, (0.3)0.8– 1.2(1.5) mm, strigose. Flower bud ovoid, base oblique, (0.9)1.4–3(3.3) mm long, (1)1.1–2(2.5) mm wide. Flowers asymmetrical, calyx with quincuncial prefloration (aestivation), gamosepalous, cup-shaped base, five unequal lobes, sepal 4 cream or yellow, covering the inner whorls, base saccate, revolute in anthesis, 2.5–3 mm long (extended), inner surface with villous-lanose indument, hairs long, sinuous, white, glabrescent toward the base, externally strigose; sepals 1 and 2 green, margin whitish, ovate to orbicular, slightly unequal in size, 0.4–0.7 mm long, 0.4–0.6 mm wide, strigose, margin ciliate; sepals 3 and 5 cream to green, margin whitish, ovate, slightly unequal in size, ovate, 0.5–1.2 mm long, 0.6–1 mm wide, externally strigose, inner surface with villous-lanose indumentum; corolla with one petal, white to cream, slightly fleshy, inserted between sepals 3 and 5 (or slightly offset toward sepal 5), sessile, oblongelliptic, margin revolute in anthesis, 2–2.4 mm long, 1–1.7 mm wide, inner surface with villous-lanose indumentum, strigose externally; androecium of one stamen placed offset towards the sepal 3 or 5, 2– 3.2 mm long, filament flattened or elliptic, with white villous-lanose indumentum, base slightly inflated, up to 0.4 mm in diameter, 1.2–2.2 mm long, anther bilocular, oblique, reniform, 0.6–0.9 mm long, 0.7–1 mm wide, introrse, longitudinally dehiscent; gynoecium with superior ovary, ovoid, slightly flattened, 1–1.5 mm long, with white villous-lanose indumentum, trichomes 1.2–2 mm long, trilocular, ovules 2 per locule, style cylindrical, up to 1.6 mm long, stigma terminal, subcapitate. Fruit a capsule, oblong, base and apex acute to slightly round, 2–3 cm long, 0.6–0.9 cm in diameter, trivalvous, dehiscing from apex to base, exocarp soft, slightly tuberculate, glabrous, central column persistent, oblong, trigonous, with acute angles, slightly winged. Seed 1 per locule, 1–2 aborted (1–2 per fruit), linear-oblong, 1.4–2.6 cm long, 0.4–0.7 cm wide, apical wing, glabrous, seed chamber basal, phanerocotylar. Germination epigeal. Seedling, hypocotyl maroon to purple, basally terete, becoming quadrangular toward cotyledon insertion, densely pilose; cotyledons opposite, petiole reddish, flattened to slightly canaliculate adaxially, laminas isophyllous, orbicular, base cordate, margin undulate, reddish, 2–2.9 cm long, 1.2–1.6 cm wide, 3–5 basal veins, reddish, impressed adaxially, prominent abaxially, first true leaves lanceolate, densely pilose, central vein reddish. Distribution and ecology:— Mahechadendron puntecascarillo has been collected in the middle Valley of the Magdalena River, in the Departments of Santander and Norte de Santander in Colombia (Fig. 6). However, we have seen photographs of individuals in Puerto Berrío (Antioquia), and Puerto Boyacá (Boyacá). It grows on dissected steep hills slopes in tropical moist forest. Some common tree species in these forests are Brachycylix vageleri (Harms 1925: 291) Cowan (1975: 464), Virola sebifera Aublet (1775b: 904–905), Pouteria cuspidata (A. Candolle 1844: 183) Baehni (1942: 231–232), Brownea santanderensis Quiñones (1995: 19–21), Swartzia oraria Cowan (1967: 163), and several species of Eschweilera Martius ex Candolle (1828: 293). Few seedlings and young individuals were observed close to adults inside the forest but not in open areas. Phenology:—Flower specimens have been collected from February to April and fruiting collections from April to June. Suggested conservation status:—The area of occupancy of M. puntecascarillo is close to 80,000 km 2. This species grows in a region with continuous forest degradation, and its highly durable wood is still used intensively for construction (Fig. 7).We consider it meets four of the criteria for the category of Endangered (EN; criteria A2cd; B1a+2a), related to reducing population size and area of occupancy (IUCN 2012) due to forest loss and fragmentation. Etymology:—Specific epithet refers to the common name of this species. Spanish prefix “punte” is locally used to forest tree species with highly durable wood, while “cascarillo” means that the cortex fell apart in shells. Paratypes: — COLOMBIA. Norte de Santander: La Esperanza, límite entre las veredas Morrocoyes y Raiceros, 7.619811°N, 73.375466°W, 202 m, 25 May 2021, D. Sánchez 250 (HUA!). Santander: Cimitarra, vereda Oponcito, Finca La Primavera, árbol aislado en potrero, 100–200 m, 6°25´28” – 73°55´22”, 3 December 2019, L. Carvajal et al. 4086 (UDBC!); Puerto Araujo, árbol aislado en potrero, cerca a la autopista Ruta del Sol, 200 m, 6°29´N – 74°10´W, 20 June 2012 (fr.), W. Ariza-Cortés 3330 (UDBC!); Carare-Opón, June 1969 (fr.), G. Mahecha s.n. (UDBC-11876!); Carare-Opón, 1969, R. Abascal & R. Juyó s.n. (UDBC-3289!); Sabana de Torres, límite entre las veredas Cristales y Payoa Cinco, 7.282009°N, 73.490404°W, 186 m, 11 May 2021 (fr.), J. M. Cárdenas 2206 (HUA!); Vereda San Rafael de Payoa, 7.188020°N, 73.507801°W, 169 m, 5 April 2021, J.F. Hernández 489 (HUA!)., Published as part of Ariza-Cortés, William, Cortés-B, Rocio & Fernández-Alonso, José Luis, 2022, Mahechadendron puntecascarillo (Vochysiaceae), a new genus and forest tree species from Colombia, pp. 89-112 in Phytotaxa 541 (2) on pages 93-100, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6388623, {"references":["Harms, H. A. T. (1925) Vermischte Diagnosen II. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 9 (84): 291 - 293. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3994413","Cowan, R. S. (1975) Brachycylix, a new genus of tropical Leguminosae (Caesalpinioideae). Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Series C: Biological and Medical Sciences 78 (5): 464 - 467.","Aublet, J. B. C. F. (1775 b) Histoire des plantes de la Guiane Francoise 2. Pierre-Francoise Didot jeune, London & Paris, 160 pp.","Candolle, A. L .. de (1844) Sideroxylon. In: Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis Vol. 8. Fortin & Masson, Paris. pp. 177 - 186.","Baehni, C. (1942) Memoires sur les Sapotacees 2: Le genre Pouteria. Candollea 9: 147 - 476.","Quinones, L. M. (1995) Dos especies nuevas del genero Brownea (Leguminosae- Caesalpinioideae). Caldasia 18 (86): 17 - 22.","Cowan, R. S. (1967) Swartzia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae Swartzieae). Flora Neotropica 1: 1 - 228. [New York Botanical Garden Press]","Candolle, A. P. de (1828) Eschweilera. In: Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis Vol. 3. Treuttel & Wurtz, Paris. pp. 293.","IUCN (2012) The IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 3. 1. 2 nd Ed. Gland & Cambridge, U. K. IUCN Species Survival Commission."]}

Vochysia divergens Pohl. is a tree species used in folk medicine, landscaping and reforestation. Its occurrence is recorded in the Amazon, Pantanal and Cerrado biomes and, despite these uses and its wide distribution, studies regarding its reproductive aspects are nonexistent. Thus, this research aimed to study the morphology of the pollen of V. divergens and evaluate the pollen viability and its meiotic index, as well as compare these descriptors in two natural populations, those of the Amazon and the Pantanal. To characterize the morphology, pollen grains were subjected to acetolysis and subsequently photographed, measured and classified. The meiotic index (MI) was estimated by counting post-meiotic products. Pollen viability was evaluated via colorimetric testing and in vitro germination. Pollen grains do not differ in morphology between populations and are classified as: large, 3-colporate, isopolar, subprolate, with a small and exine polar area that has a pattern of ornamentation that is perforated in the polar region. Via the colorimetric testing, the MI and the pollen viability were greater than 95% and only the MI differed between populations. Pollen germination was low and it was found that the presence of boric acid and absence of agar positively influence germination. The pollens of V. divergens have starch and lipids as a reserve substance. It can therefore be concluded that the species has reproductive stability, which is important in the effectiveness of fertilization and generation of new individuals for the formation of new generations, thus continuing the processes of forest restoration and maintenance of genetic variability. The information obtained regarding the pollen morphology can be used to support taxonomic, paleoclimatic and paleovegetational studies. Vochysia divergens Pohl. es una especie de árbol utilizada en medicina popular, paisajismo y reforestación. Su ocurrencia está registrada en los biomas Amazonía, Pantanal y Cerrado y, a pesar de estos usos y su amplia distribución, los estudios sobre sus aspectos reproductivos son inexistentes. Por lo tanto, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo estudiar la morfología del polen y evaluar la viabilidad del polen y el índice meiótico de V. divergens, así como comparar estos descriptores en dos poblaciones naturales, de la Amazonía y el Pantanal. Para caracterizar la morfología, los granos de polen fueron sometidos a acetólisis y posteriormente fotografiados, medidos y clasificados. El índice meiótico (IM) se estimó contando los productos posmeióticos. La viabilidad del polen se evaluó mediante prueba colorimétrica y germinación in vitro. Los granos de polen no difieren en morfología entre poblaciones y se clasifican en: grandes, 3-colporados, isopolares, subprolatos, con área polar pequeña y exina con un patrón de ornamentación perforada en la región polar. IM y la viabilidad del polen mediante prueba colorimétrica fueron superiores al 95% y solo IM difirió entre poblaciones. La germinación del polen fue baja y se encontró que la presencia de ácido bórico y la ausencia de agar influyen positivamente en la germinación. Los pólenes de V. divergens tienen almidón y lípidos como sustancias de reserva. Se concluye que la especie presenta estabilidad reproductiva, lo cual es importante en la efectividad de la fecundación y generación de nuevos individuos para la formación de nuevas generaciones, continuando así los procesos de restauración forestal y mantenimiento de la variabilidad genética. La información obtenida sobre la morfología del polen se puede utilizar para apoyar estudios taxonómicos, paleoclimáticos y paleovegetacionales. Vochysia divergens Pohl. é uma espécie arbórea utilizada na medicina popular, paisagismo e reflorestamento. Sua ocorrência é registrada nos biomas Amazônia, Pantanal e Cerrado e, apesar destes usos e sua ampla distribuição, estudos sobre seus aspectos reprodutivos são inexistentes. Assim, esta pesquisa objetivou estudar a morfologia do pólen e avaliar a viabilidade polínica e índice meiótico de V. divergens, assim como, comparar esses descritores em duas populações naturais, da Amazônia e Pantanal. Para caracterizar a morfologia, os grãos de pólen foram submetidos a acetólise e posteriormente, fotografados, medidos e classificados. O índice meiótico (IM) foi estimado pela contagem de produtos pós-meióticos. A viabilidade polínica foi avaliada via teste colorimétrico e germinação in vitro. Os grãos de pólen não diferem quanto a morfologia entre as populações e são classificados como: grandes, 3-colporados, isopolares, subprolatos, de área polar pequena e exina com padrão de ornamentação perfurada na região polar. O IM e a viabilidade polínica via teste colorimétrico foram superiores a 95% e apenas o IM diferiu entre as populações. A germinação do pólen foi baixa e verificou-se que a presença do ácido bórico e ausência de ágar influenciam positivamente a germinação. Os polens de V. divergens possuem amido e lipídeos como substância de reserva. Conclui-se que a espécie possui estabilidade reprodutiva, a qual é importante na efetivação da fertilização e geração de novos indivíduos para formação de novas gerações, assim dando continuidade aos processos de restauração florestal e manutencão da variabilidade genética. As informações obtidas a respeito da morfologia polínica poderão ser utilizadas para subsidiar estudos taxonômicos, paleoclimáticos e paleovegetacionais.

Vochysia tepuiandina is here described and illustrated. It occurs in southern Ecuador and northern Peru, and is associated with the disjunct “Andean Tepuis” forests found within the Andean piedmont and of the Amazonian forests. This species is placed in the Vochysia section Ciliantha subsection Ferrugineae. It is compared with the similar species V. angustifolia and V. sprucei.

Embryological data provides insights into the taxonomy and evolution of angiosperms. Vochysiaceae is a mostly Neotropical family whose phylogenetic position was greatly influenced by reconstructions based on molecular data, and despite its monosymmetric and oligostemonous flowers, was included as a sister group of polysymmetric and polystemonous Myrtaceae. However, molecular data has yet to resolve the relationships between the genera inside the family. We analysed the early embryology of some species of five out of the six generally accepted Neotropical genera using sequential histological analyses to compare the microsporogenesis and gametogenesis and megasporogenesis and gametogenesis between clades and with the embryology of the well-studied Myrtales. We observed some marked differences in timing and developmental stages, which somewhat corroborate the clades defined from molecular data. Multiple archesporium and embryo sacs, as well as megagametophyte maturation and fertilization long after anthesis, characterized the Qualea-Ruizteranea-Callisthene (QRC) clade, while single embryo sac mature at anthesis characterized the Vochysia-Salvertia (VS) clade. Tri-cellular pollen only occurred in Salvertia convallariodora. Seven of the eight main embryological features supported the Myrtales as present in Vochysiaceae and the remaining one, inner integument with two layers of cells, was observed in some Qualea. Thus, the studied Vochysiaceae embryology conforms very well within the order and only their strongly monosymmetric and oligostemonous flowers are less common among Myrtales.

O Pantanal e considerado uma das maiores areas umidas no interior do continente Sul-Americano e, ao passar por ciclos anuais de inundacao, sua extensa area e colonizada por especies adaptadas aos diversos ambientes, que variam desde terrestres, sazonalmente alagados e aquaticos. Considerando que as variaveis pedologicas, geomorfologicas e o regime hidrico influenciam diretamente no desenvolvimento da comunidade vegetal, este estudo investigou os primeiros 20 cm do solo como fator de diferenciacao de fitofisionomias nas unidades da paisagem do Pantanal do Abobral, estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras simples (0-20 cm) de solo, com cinco repeticoes, em cada unidade de paisagem (Geoambientes), realizando-se analises fisicas e quimicas. Na Cordilheira, ambiente levemente elevado e livre de inundacao, ha presenca de solo naturalmente fertil e basico, que suporta o estabelecimento de floresta semidecidua com sub-bosque. Na planicie de inundacao, no Corixo, ha presenca de mata ciliar sobre solo com caracteristicas redutoras; na Lagoa Intermitente a constante saturacao hidrica favorece vegetacao tolerante a inundacao e macrofitas aquaticas; enquanto o Campo com Cambara, porcao sazonalmente alagada, apresentou a menor fertilidade natural, sendo recoberto por gramineas e processo inicial de colonizacao por Vochysia divergens (Myrtales, Vochysiaceae). O estudo demonstrou que as descontinuidades da paisagem e nas formacoes vegetais sao correlacionadas as caracteristicas fisicas e quimicas dos solos, provando serem um dos principais estratificadores do ambiente, ao lado do nivel do lencol freatico, sempre proximo a superficie, caracteristica marcante do Pantanal. EDAPHIC GRADIENT AND PHYTOPHYSIOGNOMIES OF PANTANAL DO ABOBRAL, BRAZIL. Pantanal is considered one of the largest wetlands inside South America continent. Through the seasonally flood cycles, Pantanal landscape changes in terrestrial, seasonally flooded and aquatic environments, and is colonized by aquatic and terrestrial species. Pedological and geomorphological factors, as well as the water table fluctuation, directly determine plants communities. Thus, this paper investigated the upper soil layer (depth 0-20 cm) as a phytophysiognomies differentiation factor inside Pantanal do Abobral, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Soil samples were collected (0-20 cm), in replicates of five, in each of four different landscape units (here called Geoenvironments) and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. At Cordilheira, slightly higher landscape unit and non-flooded area, occurs natural fertile and basic soil, which supports semi deciduous forest with scrub woodland. At seasonally flooded Geoenvironments, Corixo (periodic river channel) reported riparian forest over soil with reduction characteristics; Lagoa Intermitente (periodic lake) is frequently flooded and colonized by flood tolerant vegetation and macrophytes; and Campo com Cambara, natural grassland periodically waterlogged, had lower fertility and initial colonization by Vochysia divergens (Myrtales, Vochysiaceae). The present study showed that the Pantanal do Abobral discontinuous landscape and vegetation are correlated to superficial edaphic characteristics, proving that soil, is one of the main environmental stratification factors, together with water table, always close to the surface, a striking feature of Pantanal.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T06:02:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Vochysia tucanorum (Vochysiaceae) is an aluminum (Al)-accumulating tree species from the Cerrado vegetation in South America, known as ‘Brazilian savanna’. In the field, it may accumulate up to 20,000 mg Al kg−1 dry leaf mass. The soils of this vegetation are acidic (pH < 5.0) with Al saturation higher than 70%, where trees of this species grow well under Al toxicity. However, what would happen if the Al disappeared from the root environment of this species? V. tucanorum seedlings were grown in pots with Cerrado soil and, after exhibiting about ten leaves, they were transferred to nutrient solution with 0 and 1110 µM Al (30 mg L−1) for 60 days. Hypothesizing that their development and photosynthetic performance would be affected, plant biomass, biometric data, leaf gas exchange rates and photochemical parameters were assessed. After seven days in nutrient solution without Al, the plants did not produce new roots, and pre-existing roots became necrotic when compared to those exposed to Al. Until 60 days, plants not exposed to Al stopped growing, showed leaf chlorosis and shed their leaves. While plants exposed to Al showed healthy leaves and roots, increased their root length and biomass and maintained high gas exchange rates and photochemical performances, plants without Al decreased CO2 assimilation rates, explained by low stomatal conductance. This preliminary study suggests the roots as the first organ to sense the lack of Al, and the dysfunction of this organ to absorb water could explain their low photosynthetic responses. Further investigation in this regard is needed. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515 Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515 Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515 FAPESP: #2014/14386-0 FAPESP: #2018/15359-8 FAPESP: #2018/25658-2 CNPq: 307431/2020-7

Resumo Dentre as espécies madeireiras da Amazônia brasileira comercializadas devido a sua múltipla possibilidade de uso estão Qualea paraensis Ducke, Qualea acuminata Spruceex Warm., Qualea dinizii Ducke e Ruizterania albiflora (Warm.) Marc.-Berti, da família Vochysiaceae A. St.-Hil, todas conhecidas popularmente como “mandioqueira”. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizá-las sob o aspecto anatômico macroscópico e microscópico da madeira, dando ênfase às características qualitativas e quantitativas, visando subsidiar a identificação desse táxon. As espécies estudadas foram selecionadas no acervo da Xiloteca da Embrapa Amazônia Oriental e as descrições dos caracteres anatômicos seguiram as normas preconizadas em anatomia da madeira. As características quantitativas foram submetidas às análises estatísticas. A partir dos resultados foi possível distinguir as espécies por meio de características qualitativas (dos vasos, parênquimas e raios), e características quantitativas (dos vasos, raios e fibras), possibilitando aproximar o xilema secundário de Ruizterania albiflora ao de Qualea paraensis, com Qualea acuminata estando próxima às espécies, e Qualea dinizii se diferenciando das demais. Os resultados obtidos aqui evidenciam a anatomia da madeira como uma ferramenta importante a ser empregada na identificação e distinção confiáveis das espécies conhecidas como “mandioqueira”, principalmente quando não se dispõe de materiais botânicos complementares. Abstract Among the timber species from the Brazilian Amazon, commercialized due to their multiple possibilities of use, are Qualea paraensis Ducke, Qualea acuminata Spruce ex Warm., Qualea dinizii Ducke and Ruizterania albiflora (Warm.) Marc.-Berti, from the family Vochysiaceae A. St.-Hil., all popularly known as “mandioqueira”. The objective of this work was to characterize them under the macroscopic and microscopic anatomical aspect of the wood, emphasizing the qualitative and quantitative characteristics, aiming to subsidize the identification of this taxon. The studied species were selected from the collection of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental Xylotheque and the descriptions of the anatomical characters followed the rules recommended in the wood anatomy. The quantitative characteristics were subjected to statistical analysis. From the results, it was possible to distinguish the species by qualitative characteristics (of the vessels, parenchyma and rays), and quantitative characteristics (of the vessels, rays and fibers), which allowed to approach the secondary xylem of Ruizterania albiflora to that of Qualea paraensis, with Qualea acuminate, being close of both species and Qualea dinizii differing from the others. The results obtained here highlight the wood anatomy like an important tool to be utilized on the reliable identification and distinction of the species known as “mandioqueira”, mainly in the absence of other complementary botanical material.

Orientador: Flavio Antonio Maes dos Santos Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia Resumo: O domínio dos cerrados compreende uma grande variação de tipos vegetacionais, com fisionomias indo de campestres a florestais. Estas diferenças estão relacionadas a vários fatores ecológicos que podem ter influência em aspectos de populações vegetais como relações alométricas e padrão espacial. Comparações desses aspectos entre espécies são importantes na distinção entre diferentes estratégias de espécies do cerrado que as permitam ocupar tipos diferentes de habitats. Nesse sentido, este estudo analisou variações em 1) relações alométricas entre altura e diâmetro e 2) padrão espacial de espécies de Vochysiaceae, em fragmentos de cerrado de diferentes fisionomias. As espécies comparadas entre fragmentos, Qualea grandiflora Mart. e Vochysia tucanorum Mart, diferiram em plasticidade da relação entre altura e diâmetro entre fragmentos: Q. grandiflora apresentou diferenças de forma e V. tucanorum diferenças de tamanho. A variação de Q. grandiflora parece não ser resposta ao estresse causado pelo vento, pois as diferenças encontradas não corresponderam às ocorrências dos indivíduos em fisionomias abertas ou fechadas. As variações de V. tucanorum sugerem um efeito do estresse causado pelo vento, mas não foram possíveis comparações independentes dos fatores fogo e vento entre fragmentos. Comparações de espécies de Vochysiaceae com uma espécie externa ao grupo, no mesmo fragmento, indicam tendência filogenética da variação de forma no nível genérico (Qualea x Vochysia). Por outro lado, semelhanças entre Q. grandiflora e Eriotheca gracilipes (K.Schum.) A.Robyns indicam convergência relacionada à ação de fatores ecológicos, como distúrbios, por exemplo.Quanto aos padrões espaciais, Q. grandiflora e V. tucanorum diferiram nas escalas estudadas: entre e no interior de fragmentos. Na escala ampla, os padrões parecem consistentes com informações da literatura sobre o habitat preferencial das espécies. Na escala restrita, os padrões de classes de tamanho sugerem diferenças entre as espécies nos processos determinantes dos padrões espaciais. Q. grandiflora, cujos padrões foram aleatórios na menor classe de tamanho e passaram a agregados nas demais, teria padrões determinados por condições específicas ao estabelecimento de indivíduos em classes de tamanho maiores. Tais condições estariam estruturadas no espaço. V.tucanorum teve uma diminuição de agregação nas classes maiores indicando a ação de algum fator de mortalidade dependente de densidade. Os resultados indicam diferenças importantes entre as espécies de cerrado estudadas no que diz respeito à plasticidade de forma e padrão espacial, tais resultados podem representar tendências para espécies arbóreas do cerrado de uma maneira geral. No entanto, estudos com um número maior de espécies incluindo um número maior de fisionomias são necessários para propor generalizações mais seguras Abstract: The Brazilian savannas, known as cerrado, comprises a wide range of physiognomies, from grasslands to forests. This physiognomic variation is probably related to changes in a number of ecological factors that can influence features of plant populations as plant form and spatial pattern. Comparisons among species are important to identify distinct strategies that enable cerrado plants to occupy different kinds of habitats. Following this approach, this study compared height x diameter allometric relationship and spatial pattern among populations of cerrado tree species of Vochysiaceae in fragments of different physiognomies. The relationship between height and diameter of two studied species was compared among fragments. Qualea grandiflora Mart. and Vochysia tucanorum Mart. shown different trends, the first had variable allometric coefficients and the second had differences only in allometric constants. For Q. grandiflora, variation of allometric coefficients does not seem to be related to wind stress since the estimated parameters do not correspond to differences between closed and open physiognomies. Variation of allometric constants for V. tucanorum suggests differences related to wind stress but we weren¿t able to make independent comparisons of open x closed and fire x protected fragments for this species. We compared the allometries of close and distant related sympatric species searching evidence for a phylogenetic effect. We found differences among Vochysia x Qualea as evidence for such effect. However, we have not found statistical differences among Q. grandiflora and Eriotheca gracilipes (K.Schum.) A.Robyns, a species used as a taxonomic control. This finding evinces form convergence among cerrado tree species, probably due to ecological factors like disturbance. Q. grandiflora and V. tucanorum also differed when compared in a two-scale spatial pattern study considering four cerrado fragments with different physiognomies. The species¿ differences in large scale (considering density patterns among fragments) were consistent with literature information on preferential habitat of each one. V. tucanorum was more aggregated than Q. grandiflora being restricted to a fire protected fragment of closed physiognomy. In local scale (spatial patterns of five soil level diameter classes-SLD in plots of 50 x 200 m), differences among species were they co-occurred suggest distinct process acting upon different stages of plant development structuring their populations. The first size class (SLD < 5cm) of Q. grandiflora had a change from random spatial pattern to aggregated in larger SLD classes. A space-structured factor can be responsible for higher recruitment chances only in certain places promoting the observed change from random to aggregated pattern in larger SLD classes of Q. grandiflora. V. tucanorum had a change from aggregated to random pattern with SLD class what can be a consequence of density dependent process related to competition or natural enemies. Our findings points out to the importance of differences among cerrado tree species concerning plant form and spatial pattern. However, studies including more species and cerrado physiognomies are required to make generalizations concerning the trends found here Mestrado Mestre em Ecologia

International audience; Premise To further advance the understanding of the species-rich, economically and ecologically important angiosperm order Myrtales in the rosid clade, comprising nine families, approximately 400 genera and almost 14,000 species occurring on all continents (except Antarctica), we tested the Angiosperms353 probe kit. Methods We combined high-throughput sequencing and target enrichment with the Angiosperms353 probe kit to evaluate a sample of 485 species across 305 genera (76% of all genera in the order). Results Results provide the most comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for the order to date. Relationships at all ranks, such as the relationship of the early-diverging families, often reflect previous studies, but gene conflict is evident, and relationships previously found to be uncertain often remain so. Technical considerations for processing HTS data are also discussed. Conclusions High-throughput sequencing and the Angiosperms353 probe kit are powerful tools for phylogenomic analysis, but better understanding of the genetic data available is required to identify genes and gene trees that account for likely incomplete lineage sorting and/or hybridization events.

Vochysia carol-scottii from the pluvial forests of “Choco biogeografico,” a megadiverse region between the Pacific Ocean and the slopes of the Colombian Western Cordillera, Valle del Cauca department, is described and illustrated, and its morphological relationships with other similar Vochysia species are discussed. This new species is a small tree of 12 m tall and shares features with five species (V. artantha, V. assua, V. calamana, V. cayennensis, and V. tomentosa) of section Ciliantha. Morphologically, it is closest to V. artantha, but it differs in its leaves, inflorescences, spurred sepal, petals, and stamen size. A key and synopsis of the 44 species of Vochysia found in Colombia is provided. A brief note on the ethnobotany of Vochysia in the Amazon basin is presented in an appendix.

The relationship between aluminium (Al) and plants has been investigated for a long time. Al is typically harmful to plants, however Qualea grandiflora Mart., a compulsory accumulator of this metal, may benefit from it. To understand this peculiarity, proteomic and metabolite profiling analyses were carried out to investigate, at physiological, metabolic, and molecular levels, the relevance of Al for this species. Qualea grandiflora plants were grown with MS medium with or without Al-supplementation for 120 days. Metabolite profiling using GC-MS and growth analysis were conducted to evaluate the biochemical and physiological effects of Al. Concomitantly, root proteins were extracted, identified and quantified using label-free LC-MS/MS. Al-starved Q. grandiflora plants had shorter shoots, roots, lower biomass, and chlorotic leaves. Furthermore, there was a high coherence between proteomic and metabolomic data. Al was critical for cell wall and lignin syntheses, genetic information processing, and organic acid metabolism. Also, Al might help P uptake in this plant. Qualea grandiflora plants needed Al to grow and develop properly. Moreover, there was a good match between the data from physiological/metabolic analyses and the upregulated metabolic pathways indicated by proteome investigation. Hence, we propose that Q. grandiflora root metabolism is highly dependent on Al.

Qualea genus is commonly found in different phytophysiognomies of the Brazilian Cerrado, growing in open ecosystems to closed forest areas, under high irradiances, fires, low availability of nutrients and seasonal water deficit. We compared the leaf structural traits of Qualea grandiflora Mart., Qualea multiflora Mart., and Qualea parviflora Mart., in a cerradão area in the Cerrado-Amazonian forest transition. Leaf samples were collected at Mário Viana Municipal Biological Reserve, in Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso state, Brasil, and processed according to the usual techniques for optical microscopy. Thick cuticle, stomatal ridges, stomata distributed between the stomatal crypts, density and distribution of tector trichomes, hypodermis, isobilateral mesophyll with few intercellular spaces, abundance of sclerenchyma associated to vascular bundles and the presence of vascular bundle sheath extensions are typical anatomic traits of xerophytic environments. We found qualitative structural differences among the species, with Qualea grandiflora having stomata with ridges distributed among stomatal crypts, and the presence of a hypodermis in Qualea multiflora, and Qualea parviflora. The results suggest that the species are xeromorphic in the region of Cerrado-Amazonian transition having leaf adaptive traits to deal with the environmental variations of their habitat.

Most aluminium (Al)-accumulating species are found on soils with high Al saturation and low Ca availability (Ca poor). Callisthene fasciculata Mart. (Vochysiaceae), however, is an Al-accumulating tree restricted to Ca-rich soils with low Al saturation in the Brazilian Cerrado savanna. Here we tested its calcicole behaviour, and the possible role of organic acids in detoxification of Al during the early stages of plant development. We assessed growth, dry mass, nutrients, Al and organic acids in seedlings grown for 50 days on two contrasting Cerrado soils; one with high Ca concentrations and low Al saturation and the other with low Ca availability and high Al saturation. Relative to plants on Ca-rich soil, plants on Ca-poor soil had necrotic spots and bronzing of leaves. Roots and shoots contained reduced concentrations of P and Cu, but higher concentrations of Fe, Al and citrate. Despite lower concentrations in the soil, Ca and Mg increased in shoots. Shoot concentrations of oxalate were also higher. We confirmed C. fasciculata as an Al-accumulating species with calcicole behaviour. The increased concentrations of organic acids in plants with higher Al accumulation suggest that high availability of soluble Al does not prevent occurrence of this species on soils with high Al saturation. Instead, the absence of C. fasciculata from Ca-poor soils is probably due to imbalances in tissue Fe, Cu and Zn imposed by this soil type.

A fenologia reprodutiva de arbustos e árvores de uma área de Cerrado da Reserva Biológica Mogi Guaçu (22°10’S; 47°11’W) foi estudada de setembro de 2009 a maio de 2013. Em um transecto de 900 m2, os indivíduos foram marcados e o número total de flores e frutos estimados mensalmente. Os dados foram analisados usando estatística circular para determinar os períodos de maior intensidade de floração e frutificação na comunidade, de acordo com seus modos de dispersão. A floração na comunidade ocorreu entre outubro e novembro. A frutificação foi distribuída continuamente ao longo do ano, com valores de r até 0,3. No último período de observação, a frutificação foi mais intensa no mês de dezembro, provavelmente devido às espécies zoocóricas. Considerando as três famílias principais, Myrtaceae floresceu e frutificou entre agosto e setembro, Malpighiaceae floresceu em novembro e frutificou entre dezembro e janeiro, e as Vochvsiaceae floresceram em janeiro e frutificaram em março. Em geral, a comunidade teve como principal característica a fraca sazonalidade de sua fenologia reprodutiva. No entanto, os eventos reprodutivos tenderam a se concentrar nos meses mais quentes do ano.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T17:03:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-14 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Aims: Cerrado woody species are divided into a small group of aluminum (Al)-accumulating species and the rest of the woody species. Both groups grow well on acidic and Al-rich soils. We found a Cerrado remnant growing on a calcareous soil with high calcium (Ca) and low Al saturations (m%). We checked whether Al deposition differs between leaf veins and leaf blade, and predicted that plants grown on the acidic soil store more Al than those grown on the calcareous soil. Methods: Adult plants of Qualea grandiflora and Q. parviflora, two Al-accumulators, were found in this area, and we compared leaf Ca and Al concentrations with those of the same species growing on a dystrophic Cerrado soil. Results: Leaf Ca concentration reflected differences between the soil types, and Ca was more accumulated in leaf veins. However, Al accumulation was independent of m%, and it was more deposited in the leaf blade of both species, which was confirmed by hystochemical reactions and X-ray spectra in SEM analysis (EDS). Conclusions: The leaf tissue to which Al is preferentially allocated in the leaf blade could not be distinguished. Granules in epidermal cells exhibiting high Al EDS peaks suggest an important allocation for this metal. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515 Laboratório de Botânica e Ecologia no Domínio Cerrado (LABEC) Universidade Federal de Uberlandia (UFU), Rua 20, 1600 Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515 Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Av. 24-A, 1515 FAPESP: 2014/14386-0 CNPq: 309149/2017-7

The family Vochysiaceae, representative for Brazilian Cerrado, does not stand out in Caatinga environments. Due to the lack of studies that address the behavior of species of this family in disjunct Cerrado environments, this study aimed to investigate structural, ecological and phenological aspects of Qualea parviflora and Callisthene fasciculata populations. The phytosociological and phenological surveys were carried out in a Cerrado enclave at Serra do Boqueirão, Lavras da Mangabeira municipality, Southern Ceará, Brazil. Twelve sampling units of 12.0 x 30 m (0.432 ha) were plotted randomly, including all living individuals with a ground level diameter ≥ 3 cm, also measuring total heights. For the evaluation of phenophases, the Fournier percentage was used, allowing the estimation of intensity of the phenophase in each individual through a semi-quantitative interval scale of five categories (0 to 4), 0 being equivalent to 0%; (1) 1 to 25%; (2) 26 to 50%; (3) 51 to 75% and (4) 76 to 100%. Each sample was composed of 103 and 78 individuals respectively in 66.6% and 91.6% of the plots, of Q. parviflora and C. fasciculata, respectively. The spatial distribution, measured by the Dispersion (ID) and Morisita (IM) indexes reached the values of 17.14 and 18.26 (ID) and 1.08 and 1.16 (IM), respectively, indicating that the species have an aggregate distribution. The phenophases generally correlated with all the climatic variables studied in the region such as rain and preciptation. All data and results presented here collaborate for future projects in the area. La familia Vochysiaceae, representativa del Cerrado brasileño, no destaca en ambientes de Caatinga, Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar aspectos estructurales, ecológicos y fenológicos de las poblaciones de Qualea parviflora y Callisthene fasciculata. Se realizaron estudios fitosociológicos y fenológicos en un enclave del Cerrado en la Serra do Boqueirão, Lavras da Mangabeira, Sur de Ceará. Se trazaron al azar 12 unidades de muestreo de 12,0 x 30 m (0,432 ha), incluyendo todos los individuos vivos con diámetro a nivel del suelo ≥ 3 cm, también se midieron las alturas totales. Para la evaluación de las fenofases se utilizó el percentil de Fournier, que permite estimar la intensidad de la fenofase en cada individuo a través de una escala de intervalo no cuantitativa de cinco categorías (0 a 4), siendo 0 equivalente a 0%; (1) 1 a 25%; (2) 26 a 50%; (3) 51 a 75% y (4) 76 a 100%. Se muestrearon 103 y 78 individuos en el 66,6% y 91,6% de las parcelas, de Q. parviflora y C. fasciculata, respectivamente. La distribución espacial, medida por el Índice de Dispersión (ID) y el Índice de Morisita (IM), alcanzó valores de 17,14 y 18,26 (ID) y 1,08 y 1,16 (IM), respectivamente, indicando que la especie presenta una distribución agregada. En general, las fenofases se correlacionaron con todas las variables climáticas estudiadas en la región. Los datos y resultados presentados aquí contribuyen a futuros proyectos en la zona. A família Vochysiaceae, representativa do Cerrado brasileiro não se destaca em ambientes de Caatinga. Pela carência de trabalhos que abordem o comportamento de espécies desta família em ambientes disjuntos de Cerrado, este estudo objetivou investigar aspectos estruturais, ecológicos e fenológicos de populações de Qualea parviflora e Callisthene fasciculata. Os levantamentos fitossociológico e fenológico foram realizados em enclave de Cerrado na Serra do Boqueirão, Lavras da Mangabeira, Sul do Ceará. Foram plotadas 12 unidades amostrais de 12,0 x 30 m (0,432 ha), de forma aleatória, incluídos todos os indivíduos vivos com diâmetro ao nível do solo ≥ 3 cm, também aferidas as alturas totais. Para a avaliação das fenofases foi utilizado o percentual de Fournier, que permite estimar a intensidade da fenofase em cada indivíduo por meio de uma escala intervalar sem quantitativa de cinco categorias (0 a 4), sendo 0 equivalente a 0%; (1) 1 a 25%; (2) 26 a 50%; (3) 51 a 75% e (4) 76 a 100%. Foram amostrados 103 e 78 indivíduos em 66,6% e 91,6% das parcelas, de Q. parviflora e C. fasciculata, respectivamente. A distribuição espacial, medida pelos índices de Dispersão (ID) e de Morisita (IM) atingiu os valores de 17,14 e 18,26 (ID) e 1,08 e 1,16 (IM), respectivamente, indicando que as espécies apresentam distribuição agregada. Em geral, as fenofases correlacionaram-se com todas as variáveis climáticas estudadas da região, tais como chuvas e precipitações. Os dados e resultados aqui apresentados colaboram para futuros projetos na área.

Chemical investigation into the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungus Corynespora olivacea (V18) associated with Vochysia divergens identified compounds 1 and 2. The compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods including NMR (1D and 2D) and HRMS. The cytotoxicity of the crude extract and the isolated compounds against normal human lung fibroblast cells, lineage GM07492A, was evaluated by the XTT assay. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first chemical and biological screening of the cytotoxicity of C. olivacea derived from V. divergens.

The study of coleopteran assemblages associated with the canopies of tropical forests can help to expand the knowledge about species diversity and the ecological patterns related to the distribution of this diversity in tropical environments, including wetlands such as the Brazilian Pantanal. In this scenario, the present study examined the effect of temporal variation on the abundance, richness and distribution of the Coleoptera assemblage associated with canopies of Callisthene fasciculata (Spr.) Mart. (Vochysiaceae) throughout the dry and high-water seasonal periods in the Northern Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Twelve specimens of C. fasciculata were sampled between 2010 and 2011, six per seasonal period, by thermal fogging with insecticide. A total of 1,663 coleopterans were collected, consisting of 1,572 adults and 91 larvae. The adults are distributed into 38 families and 251 species or morphospecies. Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Nitidulidae and Tenebrionidae predominated in terms of abundance and richness. Family distribution, abundance, species richness and trophic guilds varied between the dry and high-water periods, demonstrating a relationship with the phenological conditions of C. fasciculata in addition to seasonality effect. In conclusion, the seasonality imposed by the hydrological regime and its influence on the phenology of C. fasciculata affect the structure of the coleopteran assemblage associated with the canopy of this monodominant vegetation formation in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso. Resumo: O estudo de assembleias de coleópteros associadas às copas de florestas tropicias contribui para a expansão do conhecimento sobre a diversidade de espécies e os padrões ecológicos relacionados à distribuição dessa diversidade em ambientes tropicais, incluindo áreas úmidas como o Pantanal brasileiro. Nesse cenário, o presente estudo avaliou o efeito da variação temporal sobre a abundância, riqueza e distribuição da assembleia de Coleoptera associada às copas de Callisthene fasciculata (Spr.) Mart. (Vochysiaceae) ao longo dos períodos de seca e cheia na região norte do Pantanal de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Doze exemplares de C. fasciculata foram amostrados entre 2010 e 2011, seis por período sazonal, utilizando-se termonebulização com inseticida. Um total de 1.663 coleópteros foram coletados, consistindo em 1.572 adultos e 91 larvas. Os adultos se distribuem em 38 famílias e 251 espécies e morfoespécies. Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Nitidulidae e Tenebrionidae predominaram em termos de abundância e riqueza. A distribuição das famílias, abundância, riqueza de espécies e agrupamentos em guildas tróficas variaram entre os períodos de seca e cheia, evidenciando uma estreita relação com as condições fenológicas de C. fasciculata ocasionadas pelo efeito sazonal dessa região. Conclui-se que a sazonalidade imposta pelo regime hidrológico do Pantanal e sua influência sobre a fenologia de C. fasciculata afetam a estrutura da assembleia de coleópteros associados às copas nessa formação monodominante no Pantanal de Mato Grosso.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:39:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Background: Qualea grandiflora (QG) (Vochysiaceae), also known as “pau-ferro”, “pau-terra” or “pau-de-tucano”, is a very common deciduous tree in the Brazilian Cerrado used in traditional medicine to treat inflammations, ulcers, diarrhea, and infections. There are reports in the scientific literature that demonstrate the medicinal effects of the bark and leaf of the QG. However, studies involving this plant are rather imited. Aim of the study: To perform the phytochemical analysis of the QG hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) of leaves, and to investigate it effects on fibroblast and preosteoblasts. Methods: Phytochemical analysis was done by HPLC-DAD. Murine NIH/3T3 fibroblasts and MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts cell lines (ATCC) were used for the experiments. Cell viability was assessed by the MTT colorimetric assay and the expression of MMP-14 and HIF-1a by immunofluorescence. Results and conclusion: The following compounds were identified by HPLC-DAD, such as quinic acid, ethyl galate, ellagic acid derivatives as O-methylellagic acid O-galloyl, O-methylellagic acid O-deoxyhexoside, galloyl derivatives, flavonol glycoside as kaempferol-O-deoxyhexoside, quercetin-O-deoxyhexoside, myricetin-O-deoxyhexoside and the pentacyclic triterpene arjunglucoside. Cell viability results demonstrated no cytotoxic effects in the studied concentrations. We found in QG HAE some compounds with therapeutic properties that can increase the expression of MMP-14 and HIF-1α, in fibroblasts and preosteoblasts. These data suggest that QG HAE has an action on these two molecules widely involved in physiological conditions, such as collagen remodeling, bone development and growth and pathological processes as HIF signaling in cancer metastasis. University of São Paulo Bauru School of Dentistry Department of Biological Sciences São Paulo State University Faculty of Sciences Department of Biological Sciences. c[Bauru São Paulo State University Faculty of Sciences Department of Biological Sciences. c[Bauru

Para se conhecer com maior precisão o estoque madeireiro e a estrutura de florestas nativas, é de suma importância a identificação das espécies existentes e suas características. Desta maneira, este trabalho objetivou realizar um levantamento florestal, por amostragem aleatória simples, da composição florística em uma área do bioma Cerrado no município de Bandeirantes, Mato Grosso do Sul. A metodologia consistiu na delimitação de cinco parcelas de 10 x 100 m, subdivididas em 25 áreas de 10 x 20 m, sendo estimadas a altura total e comercial e medido o diâmetro à altura do peito (≥ 10 cm) das árvores, obtendo-se o volume de madeira, sendo o fuste classificado quanto à qualidade (estaca, lenha ou serraria). O levantamento resultou em 395 indivíduos pertencentes a 21 famílias e 49 espécies. Para cada espécie foi calculado o índice do valor de importância (IVI), indicando Vochysia tucanorum (Vochysiaceae) como a espécie de maior IVI. Fabaceae foi a família mais representativa, com 12 espécies, seguida por Annonaceae, Bignoniaceae e Vochysiaceae, com três espécies cada. O volume total de madeira para a área foi de 3350,64 m3, sendo que 59,85% dos indivíduos mensurados podem ser destinados à serraria, demonstrando o potencial de uso e justificando um dos motivos da antropização deste bioma.

Nectar production in flowers has been associated with pollination systems and seen as part of plant reproductive strategies. But other factors may have a role on nectar features and its efficacy as reward. We investigated pollination system of Qualea grandiflora, the most widespread woody species of Cerrado, the Neotropical savannas in Central Brazil, focusing on nectar features, their relationship with nocturnal and diurnal pollinators and how nectar affects male fitness, measured through pollen removal. Qualea grandiflora flowers during rainy season; anthesis starts at dusk, with a slightly sweet scent, pollen release and receptive stigma. Flowers remained opened until next evening and were visited and pollinated by a wide range of nocturnal and diurnal animals. Hawk moths were more frequent and responsible for most Q. grandiflora male fitness. Nectar was secreted during the night and early morning, with maximum accumulated volume up to 20.9 μl. Sugar concentration (23.12%) and amount (1.79 mg) remained constant during flower lifespan. No signals of active nectar resorption were observed. Nectar sugar composition was sucrose dominant during the night, and sucrose and hexose rich during the day. Standing crop measurements indicated an important proportion of nectar intake by flower visitors. Qualea grandiflora seemed to synchronize its floral and nectar features with hawk moths. However, nectar composition encompasses general preferences by both diurnal and nocturnal pollinators, assuring a mixed pollination system which seems well adapted to the species continental-scale distribution.

Knowledge of environmental conditions for seed germination and seedling formation of forest species is essential. The objective of this work is to evaluate the germination of Callisthene major seeds under laboratory conditions using six different temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, 20-30 and 25-35 °C) and germitest paper (on and between paper). A completely randomized design was used with four replicates of 25 seeds per experimental unit. The variables evaluated were germination (%), germination speed index (GSI), average germination time (AGT) in days and normal seedlings. The results indicated that the species has a high germination index (above 94%) for all tested substrates and temperatures; however, the highest germination vigor (GSI and AGT) was obtained by alternating the temperature between 25-35 °C with the substrate on paper.

Several studies have suggested reasons why galls have conspicuous colours, but none of the ideas have been confirmed. However, what if the vibrant colours of some galls are explained simply by the effect of light exposure? This may lead to anthocyanin accumulation, functioning as a defence mechanism against the effects of high light. We studied the globoid galls induced by Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) on Qualea parviflora (Vochysiaceae), relating anthocyanin accumulation and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters to light incidence in abaxial and adaxial galls. We also tested if the anthocyanin accumulation patterns apply to another Cecidomyiidae-induced gall morphotype (intralaminar) within the same plant. Adaxial galls are exposed to higher incident light, with more anthocyanin accumulation and therefore red coloration. In galls from angled leaves, the greater the angle of the leaf, the higher the difference between anthocyanins on the sun and shade sides of galls. Photosynthetic pigment concentrations did not differ between abaxial and adaxial galls. However, we found higher (Fm ' - F')/Fm ' and Fv /Fm in the abaxial galls. Conversely, NPQ and Rfd were higher in adaxial galls. Finally, the pattern of anthocyanin accumulation was not found in the intralaminar gall. Anthocyanin accumulation in galls functions as a photoprotective strategy, maintaining tissue vitality in regions exposed to high light conditions. However, this mechanism may vary even among galls within the same host, indicating idiosyncrasy when it comes to coloration in galls. To date, this is the first study to demonstrate quantitatively why the galls of a specific species may be coloured: the variation in light regimes creates differential anthocyanin accumulation, influencing coloration.