Search

Like many developing countries over the decade, Nigeria has experienced rapid urbanization associated with numerous problems such as, among others, improper waste management practices, building development regulations and standards contraventions, environmental pollution, overcrowding, and flooding. In light of the foregoing, this article examines the use and effectiveness of development control measures in addressing flood vulnerability in Suleja, Nigeria. In carrying out this study, buildings vulnerable to flooding were identified and factors influencing their vulnerability as well as the implications of non-adherence to development control measures were also determined. As part of this study, a total of 278 questionnaires were administered to adult residents of the study area, using multi-stage sampling techniques. A quick bird's eye image of 15-meter resolution was used to identify and map out the buildings in the area considered vulnerable to flooding, using a 15-meter setback from the river banks. The study reveals that 799 buildings were built in contravention of building development standards and regulations in Suleja, while indiscriminate solid waste disposal methods were found to be strong factors influencing vulnerability to flooding in the area. The study also revealed that 47% of drainages in Suleja are blocked with indiscriminately disposed solid waste materials. The study recommends that an improved solid waste management system for Suleja be put in place to stem the imminent outbreak of diseases associated with poor environmental management and that development control measures be strictly enforced by the Niger State Urban Development Board. Soos baie ontwikkelende lande, ervaar Nigeria vinnige verstedeliking wat verband hou met baie probleme soos, onder andere, onbehoorlike afvalbestuurspraktyke, bou-ontwikkelingsregulasies en standaarde-oortredings, omgewingsbesoedeling, oorbevolking en oorstromings. In die lig van die voorafgaande, ondersoek hierdie artikel die gebruik en doeltreffendheid van ontwikkelingsbeheermaatreëls in die aanspreek van vloedprobleme in Suleja, Nigerië. By die uitvoering van hierdie studie is geboue wat kwesbaar is vir oorstroming gel'dentifiseer, en faktore wat hul kwesbaarheid beïnvloed, sowel as die implikasies van nie-nakoming van ontwikkelingsbeheermaatreëls is ook bepaal. As deel van hierdie studie is altesaam 278 vraelyste aan volwasse inwoners van die studiegebied versprei deur gebruik te maak van meervoudige monsternemingstegnieke. 'n Vinnige voël-agtige beeld van 'n resolusie van 15 meter is gebruik om die geboue in die gebied wat kwesbaar is vir oorstromings, te identifiseer en uit te kaart, met 'n 15-meter terugslag van dierivieroewers. Die studie toon dat 799 geboue teenstrydig is met bou-ontwikkelingsstandaarde en -regulasies in Suleja, terwyl onoordeel-kundige vaste afvalmetodes sterk faktore is wat die kwesbaarheid van oorstromings in die gebied beïnvloed. Die studie het ook onthul dat 47% van die dreinering in Suleja met onoordeelkundig beskikbare vaste afvalstowwe geblokkeer word. Die studie beveel aan dat 'n verbeterde vaste afvalbestuurstelsel vir Suleja die uitbreek van siektes wat met swak omgewings-bestuur geassosieer word, sal stuit en dat die ontwikkelingsbeheermaatreëls streng deur die Nigerse Stedelike Ontwikkelings-raad toegepas moet word. Jwalo ka dinaheng tse ngata tse tlasa ntshetsopele dilemong tse fetang tse leshome, Nigeria e bile le kgolo e potlakileng, e amahantsweng le mathata a mmalwa; jwalo ka mekgwa ya taolo e seng hantle ya dithwele, ditlolo tsa melawana le dipehelo tsa ntshetsopele ya moaho, tshilafatso ya tikoloho, bongata bo boholo ba batho le dikgohola. Ka lebaka la tse qetang ho bolelwa, atikele ena e hlahoba tshebediso le katleho ya mekgwa ya taolo ya ntshetsopele bakeng sa ho tobana le kgonahalo e bobebe ya dikgohola Suleja, Nigeria. Ho ntshetsa thuto ena pele, meaho e ka angwang ha bobebe ke dikgohola e ile ya qoollwa le dintlha tse nang le kgahlamelo kamehong ya tsona e bobebe, hammoho le ditlamorao tsa ho se ikamahanye le ho se hlomphe mekgwa ya taolo ya ntshetsopele; di ile tsa bewa. Jwalo ka karolo ya thuto ena, manane a dipotso a 278 ka kakaretso a ile a fuwa baahi ba seng ba hodile karolong eo ya thuto, ho sebediswa mekgwa ya sampole e nang le dikarolo tse ngata (multi sampling techniques). Senepe se nkuweng ka potlako ke motho ya leng hodimo dikilomitareng tse 15 se sebedisitswe jwalo ka tharollo ho bontsha le ho qoolla meaho e ka angwang habebe ke dikgohola sebakeng seo, ho sebediswa kgoreletso (setback) ya dimetara tse 15 ho tloha mabopong a noka. Thuto ena e hlahisa hore meaho e 799 enee ahilwe kgahlanong le melawana ya maemo a ntshetsopele Suleja, ka nako yona eo mekgwa ya ho phutha matlakala ntle le ho a kgetha, e fumanwe e le mabaka a maholo a nang le kgahlamelo bakeng sa kgonahalo e bobebe ya dikgohola sebakeng seo. Thuto ena e utollotse hore 47% ya diforo Suleja e thibilwe ke disebediswa tsa matlaka a thata a lahlilweng. Thuto ena e eletsa hore mokgwa o ntlafaditsweng wa taolo ya matlakala a thata e sebediswe bakeng sa Suleja ho thiba ho qhoma ho ka etsahalang hwa mafu a amahanngwang le taolo ya maemo a tlase ya tikoloho le hore mekgwa ya taolo ya ntshetsopele e etsahatswe ka thata ke Niger State Urban Development Board.