Search

We discuss the consequences of the quantum uncertainty on the spectrum of the electron emitted by the $\beta$-processes of a tritium atom bound to a graphene sheet. We analyze quantitatively the issue recently raised in [Cheipesh et al., Phys. Rev. D 104, 116004 (2021)], and discuss the relevant time scales and the degrees of freedom that can contribute to the intrinsic spread in the electron energy. We perform careful calculations of the potential between tritium and graphene with different coverages and geometries. With this at hand, we propose possible avenues to mitigate the effect of the quantum uncertainty., Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures

We present a theoretical study of the processes d(d,p)3H and d(d,n)3He at energies of interest for energy production and for big-bang nucleosynthesis. We accurately solve the four body scattering problem using the ab-initio hyperspherical harmonic method, starting from nuclear Hamiltonians which include modern two- and three-nucleon interactions, derived in chiral effective field theory. We report results for the astrophysical factor, the quintet suppression factor, and various single and double polarized observables. An estimate of the "theoretical uncertainty" for all these quantities is provided by varying the cutoff parameter used to regularize the chiral interactions at high momentum., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

The PTOLEMY transverse drift filter is a new concept to enable precision analysis of the energy spectrum of electrons near the tritium beta-decay endpoint. This paper details the implementation and optimization methods for successful operation of the filter. We present the first demonstrator that produces the required magnetic field properties with an iron return-flux magnet. Two methods for the setting of filter electrode voltages are detailed. The challenges of low-energy electron transport in cases of low field are discussed, such as the growth of the cyclotron radius with decreasing magnetic field, which puts a ceiling on filter performance relative to fixed filter dimensions. Additionally, low pitch angle trajectories are dominated by motion parallel to the magnetic field lines and introduce non-adiabatic conditions and curvature drift. To minimize these effects and maximize electron acceptance into the filter, we present a three-potential-well design to simultaneously drain the parallel and transverse kinetic energies throughout the length of the filter. These optimizations are shown, in simulation, to achieve low-energy electron transport from a 1 T iron core (or 3 T superconducting) starting field with initial kinetic energy of 18.6 keV drained to, 29 pages, 25 figures

The muon capture reaction $\mu^- + d \rightarrow n + n + \nu_{\mu}$ in the doublet hyperfine state is studied using nuclear potentials and consistent currents derived in chiral effective field theory, which are local and expressed in coordinate-space (the so-called Norfolk models). Only the largest contribution due to the $^1S_0$ $nn$ scattering state is considered. Particular attention is given to the estimate of the theoretical uncertainty, for which four sources have been identified: (i) the model dependence, (ii) the chiral order convergence for the weak nuclear current, (iii) the uncertainty in the single-nucleon axial form factor, and (iv) the numerical technique adopted to solve the bound and scattering $A=2$ systems. This last source of uncertainty has turned out essentially negligible. The $^1S_0$ doublet muon capture rate $\Gamma^D(^1S_0)$ has been found to be $\Gamma^D(^1S_0)=255.8(0.6)(4.4)(2.9)$ s$^{-1}$, where the three errors come from the first three sources of uncertainty. The value for $\Gamma^D(^1S_0)$ obtained within this local chiral framework is compared with previous calculations and found in very good agreement., Comment: 33 pages, 3 figures

Correlation functions of hadrons can be accessed in high-energy collisions of atomic nuclei, revealing information about the underlying interaction. This work complements experimental efforts to study nucleon-deuteron $Nd$ -- with $N=p$ (proton) or $N=n$ (neutron) -- correlations with theory evaluations using different techniques. The correlation functions $C_{nd}$ and $C_{pd}$ are calculated based on scattering wave function, extending previous benchmarks for the $Nd$ scattering matrix to this new observable. We use hyperspherical harmonics and Faddeev techniques with one of the widely used nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) interactions, the Argonne $v_{18}$ potential. Moreover, in the low-energy region we perform additional calculations in the framework of pionless effective field theory. The $pd$ correlation function is computed in the large-energy region to make contact with a recent measurement by the ALICE Collaboration. We show that the scattering wave function has the proper dynamical input to describe an initial rise and subsequent oscillations of $C_{pd}$ as a function of the energy. Effects on the observables using different $NN$ and three-nucleon potentials are evaluated with the conclusion that variations of around $2\%$ are observed. Although these effects are small, future measurements can go beyond this accuracy allowing for new detailed studies of strong interaction in light nuclear systems. The present study supports the current efforts devoted to the measurement of correlation functions in systems dominated by the strong interactions, such as $pd$, $ppp$, $\Lambda d$ and $pp\Lambda$., Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures

A unitary transformation allows to remove redundant terms in the two-nucleon (2N) contact interaction at the fourth order (N3LO) in the low-energy expansion of Chiral Effective Field Theory. In so doing a three-nucleon (3N) interaction is generated. We express its short-range component in terms of five combinations of low-energy constants (LECs) parametrizing the N3LO 2N contact Lagrangian. Within a hybrid approach, in which this interaction is considered in conjunction with the phenomenological AV18 2N potential, we show that the involved LECs can be used to fit very accurate data on polarization observables of low-energy $p-d$ scattering, in particular the $A_y$ asymmetry. The resulting interaction is of the right order of magnitude for a N3LO contribution., Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures

At the time of writing, nearly four billion people worldwide employ social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, WeChat, TikTok, etc. to share content of various kinds, which may also include personal data. In addition to this, users interact with members of the virtual community, leaving behind important behavioral traces. In most cases, people do not have a full understanding of who will be able to access and use such a body of information, and for what purposes. Although social platforms provide users with some tools to protect their privacy, the very nature of these technologies and the psychological characteristics of users often lead them to ignore such solutions. To address this issue, in this paper we aim to propose a model for assessing the privacy of users on social media by identifying the critical aspects associated with their content and interactions generated on such platforms. This model, in particular, considers distinct features, of different kinds, that capture the level of users' exposure with respect to privacy. These features, dropped into a vector space, are used to derive a score that expresses, in a measurable way, the privacy risk of users compared to the information available on social media about them. The proposed model is instantiated and tested on data collected from the microblogging platform Twitter, on which the results of the experimental evaluation are analyzed. Specifically, the model is tested by considering both a binary scenario, i.e., where users' privacy is evaluated as at risk or not, a multi-class scenario, i.e., where their privacy is evaluated against different risk ranges, and a ranking scenario, i.e., where the users are ranked according to their privacy assessment.

With regard to the issue of access to health-related content circulating online, especially by laypersons, this article aims at illustrating the effectiveness of using features of a different nature in combination with machine learning and deep learning classifiers for the task of health misinformation detection. To this end, and for evaluation purposes, publicly available datasets consisting of health-related information in the form of both Web pages and social media content are considered.

The 2022 Workshop on Reducing Online Misinformation through Credible Information Retrieval (ROMCIR 2022), at its Second Edition as part of the Satellite Events of the 44th European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR 2022), is concerned with providing users with access to genuine information, to mitigate the information disorder phenomenon characterizing the current online environment. This problem is very broad, as it concerns different information objects (e.g., Web pages, online accounts, social media posts, etc.) on different platforms, and different domains and purposes (e.g., detecting fake news, retrieving genuine healthrelated information, reducing propaganda and hate-speech, etc.). In this context, all those approaches that can serve, from different perspectives, to tackle the genuine information access problem, find their place. In particular, this year articles have been submitted that addressed the problem of preventing access to health misinformation and assessing the genuineness of multi-modal information.

The present work deals with e+-e− pair production in the four-nucleon system. We first analyze the process as a purely electromagnetic one in the context of a state-of-the-art approach to nuclear strong-interaction dynamics and nuclear electromagnetic currents, derived from chiral effective field theory (χEFT). Next, we examine how the exchange of a hypothetical low-mass boson would impact the cross section for such a process. We consider several possibilities, that this boson is either a scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, or axial particle. The ab initio calculations use exact hyperspherical-harmonics methods to describe the bound state and low-energy spectrum of the A=4 continuum, and they fully account for initial state interaction effects in the 3+1 clusters. While electromagnetic interactions are treated to high orders in the chiral expansion, the interactions of the hypothetical boson with nucleons are modeled in leading-order χEFT (albeit, in some instances, selected subleading contributions are also accounted for). We also provide an overview of possible future experiments probing pair production in the A=4 system at a number of candidate facilities.

The first thing to be considered when dealing with a patient with a lower limb injury is that other organs could have been involved.

In the past decade, social media have become increasingly popular for information consumption, due to its easy access, fast dissemination, and low-cost production. However, compared to this explosion of information content, social media presents two major problems. The first concerns the potential propagation of misinformation, often in the form of fake news, which can have significant negative societal effects. The second concerns the extreme difficulty that users may have in finding information of interest in a context characterized by information overload. In this paper, both of these problems are considered and analyzed together. In fact, the main goal of this work is to study the problem of generating automatic summaries of texts (around specific topics of interest) that are at the same time credible. This task has been very little studied in the literature, so this contribution can be considered one of the first works about credible text summarization.

The $\eta$ and $\eta^{\prime}$ mesons are nearly unique in the particle universe since they are almost Goldstone bosons and the dynamics of their decays are strongly constrained. The integrated $\eta$-meson samples collected in earlier experiments amount to $\sim10^{9}$ events. A new experiment, REDTOP (Rare Eta Decays To Probe New Physics), is being proposed, with the intent of collecting a data sample of order 10$^{14}$ $\eta$ (10$^{12}$ $\eta^{\prime}$) for studying very rare decays. Such statistics are sufficient for investigating several symmetry violations, and for searching for particles and fields beyond the Standard Model. In this work we present several studies evaluating REDTOP sensitivity to processes that couple the Standard Model to New Physics through all four of the so-called \emph{portals}: the Vector, the Scalar, the Axion and the Heavy Lepton portal. The sensitivity of the experiment is also adequate for probing several conservation laws, in particular $CP$, $T$ and Lepton Universality, and for the determination of the $\eta$ form factors, which is crucial for the interpretation of the recent measurement of muon $g-2$.

While the phenomenon of gluon nuclear shadowing at small $x$ has been getting confirmation in QCD analyses of various LHC measurements involving heavy nuclei, it has not been possible so far to establish experimentally the number of target nucleons responsible for nuclear shadowing in a given process. To address this issue, we study coherent $J / \psi$ electroproduction on $^4$He and $^3$He in the kinematics of a future electron-ion collider and show that this process has the power to disentangle the contributions of the interaction with a specific number of nucleons $k$, in particular, with two nucleons at the momentum transfer $t \neq 0$. We predict a dramatic shift of the $t$-dependence of the differential cross section toward smaller values of $|t|$ due to a non-trivial correlation between $x$ and $k$. This calculation, which makes use for the first time of realistic wave functions, provides a stringent test of models of nuclear shadowing and a novel probe of the 3D imaging of gluons in light nuclei. In addition, thanks to this analysis, unique information on the real part of the corresponding scattering amplitude could be accessed., Comment: 7 pages, 7 figures, Supplemental Material. Final published version

This paper details materials, methods, results, and analyses of the Consumer Health Search Task of the CLEF eHealth 2021 Evaluation Lab. This task investigates the effectiveness of information retrieval (IR) approaches in providing access to medical information to laypeople. For this a TREC-style evaluation methodology was applied: a shared collection of documents and queries is distributed, participants' runs received, relevance assessments generated, and participants' submissions evaluated. The task generated a new representative web corpus including web pages acquired from a 2021 CommonCrawl and social media content from Twitter and Reddit, along with a new collection of 55 manually generated layperson medical queries and their respective credibility, understandability, and topicality assessments for returned documents. This year's task focused on three subtask: (i) ad-hoc IR, (ii) weakly supervised IR, and (iii) document credibility prediction. In total, 15 runs were submitted to the three subtasks: eight addressed the ad-hoc IR task, three the weakly supervised IR challenge, and 4 the document credibility prediction challenge. As in previous years, the organizers have made data and tools associated with the task available for future research and development.

Since the establishment of the major Trauma Network in England, the treatment of patients with severe injuries (such as open fractures of the lower limb) has been concentrated into specialized trauma centers with greater resource consuption and cost increase.

The 2021 Workshop on Reducing Online Misinformation through Credible Information Retrieval (ROMCIR 2021), as part of the satellite events of the 43rd European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR 2021), is concerned with providing users with access to genuine information, to mitigate the information disorder phenomenon characterizing the current online digital ecosystem. This problem is very broad, as it concerns different information objects (e.g., Web pages, online accounts, social media posts, etc.) on different platforms, and different domains and purposes (e.g., detecting fake news, retrieving credible health-related information, reducing propaganda and hate-speech, etc.). In this context, all those approaches that can serve, from different perspectives, to tackle the credible information access problem, find their place. Hence, this overview of the Workshop describes its motivations, scientific objectives, topics of interest, accepted papers, organization and organizational team.

We identify a redundancy between two- and three-nucleon contact interactions at the fourth and fifth order of the chiral expansion respectively. In particular we show that tensor-type and spin-orbit three-nucleon contact interactions effectively account for that part of the two-nucleon interaction which depends on the total center-of-mass momentum and is unconstrained by relativity. This might give the chiral effective field theory enough flexibility to successfully address $A=3$ scattering observables already at N3LO., Comment: 9 pages, discussion extended to OPE 3NF

The n+H3, p+He3, p+H3, and n+He3 elastic and charge exchange reactions at low energies are studied by means of the hyperspherical harmonic method. The considered nuclear Hamiltonians include modern two- A nd three-nucleon interactions, and in particular results are reported in case of chiral two-nucleon potentials, with and without the inclusion of chiral three-nucleon (3N) interactions. A detailed study of the convergence and numerical stability of the method is presented. We have found that the effect the 3N force is in general tiny except for p+H3 scattering below the opening of the n+He3 channel. In such a case, the effect of 3N forces is appreciable and a clear dependence on the cutoff used to regularize the high-momentum tail of the interactions is observed. Such a dependence is related to the presence of the poorly known sharp 0+ resonance, considered to be the first excited state of He4.

We obtain a minimal form of the two-derivative three-nucleon contact Lagrangian, by imposing all constraints deriving from discrete symmetries, Fierz identities, and Poincaré covariance. The resulting interaction, depending on 10 unknown low-energy constants, leads to a three-nucleon potential which we give in a local form in configuration space. We also consider the leading (no-derivative) four-nucleon interaction and show that there exists only one independent operator.

We report on a precise measurement of double-polarization asymmetries in electron-induced breakup of 3Heproceeding to pdand ppnfinal states, performed in quasi-elastic kinematics at Q2=0.25 (GeV/c)2for missing momenta up to 250 MeV/c. These observables represent highly sensitive tools to investigate the electromagnetic and spin structure of 3Heand the relative importance of two-and three-body effects involved in the breakup reaction dynamics. The measured asymmetries cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by state-of-the-art calculations of 3Heunless their three-body segment is adjusted, indicating that the spin-dependent part of the nuclear interaction governing the three-body breakup process is much smaller than previously thought.

We report on a study of the Gamow-Teller matrix element contributing to ${}^6$He $\beta$-decay with similarity renormalization group (SRG) versions of momentum- and configuration-space two-nucleon interactions. These interactions are derived from two different formulations of chiral effective field theory ($\chi$EFT) -- without and with the explicit inclusion of $\Delta$-isobars. We consider evolution parameters $\Lambda_{\rm SRG}$ in the range between 1.2 and 2.0 fm$^{-1}$ and, for the $\Delta$-less case, also the unevolved (bare) interaction. The axial current contains one- and two-body terms, consistently derived at tree level (no loops) in the two distinct $\chi$EFT formulations we have adopted here. The ${}^6$He and ${}^6$Li ground-state wave functions are obtained from hyperspherical-harmonics (HH) solutions of the nuclear many-body problem. In $A\,$=$\,6$ systems, the HH method is limited at present to treat only two-body interactions and non-SRG evolved currents. Our results exhibit a significant dependence on $\Lambda_{\text{SRG}}$ of the contributions associated with two-body currents, suggesting that a consistent SRG-evolution of these is needed in order to obtain reliable estimates. We also show that the contributions from one-pion-exchange currents depend strongly on the model (chiral) interactions and on the momentum- or configuration-space cutoffs used to regularize them. These results might prove helpful in clarifying the origin of the sign difference recently found in No-Core-Shell-Model and Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the ${}^6$He Gamow-Teller matrix element., Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication on Phys. Rev. C

The present work deals with $e^+$-$e^-$ pair production in the four-nucleon system. We first analyze the process as a purely electromagnetic one in the context of a state-of-the-art approach to nuclear strong-interaction dynamics and nuclear electromagnetic currents, derived from chiral effective field theory ($\chi$EFT). Next, we examine how the exchange of a hypothetical low-mass boson would impact the cross section for such a process. We consider several possibilities, that this boson is either a scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, or axial particle. The ab initio calculations use exact hyperspherical-harmonics methods to describe the bound state and low-energy spectrum of the $A\,$=$\,4$ continuum, and fully account for initial state interaction effects in the $3+1$ clusters. While electromagnetic interactions are treated to high orders in the chiral expansion, the interactions of the hypothetical boson with nucleons are modeled in leading-order $\chi$EFT (albeit, in some instances, selected subleading contributions are also accounted for). We also provide an overview of possible future experiments probing pair production in the $A\,$=$\,4$ system at a number of candidate facilities.facilities., Comment: 32 pages, 17 figures. Corrected version, having fixed a problem with a phase in the multipolar expansions. Only Figs. 4 and 10 change significantly, the rest only marginally. The conclusions are unchanged. We include also a number of improvements: 1) better wave functions, 2) the isoscalar pseudoscalar case, and 3) the comparison with the new ATOMKI data (see new Fig. 17)

To understand solar and stellar dynamos combining local and global numerical modelling with long-term observations is a challenging task: even with state of the art computational methods and resources, the stellar parameter regime remains unattainable. Our goal is to relax some approximations, in order to simulate more realistic systems, and try to connect the results with theoretical predictions and state-of-the-art observations. We present here the first test-field measurements from our higher-resolution runs with improved heat conduction description. They indicate significant changes in the profiles of the most crucial inductive effect related to solar and stellar dynamo mechanisms. Higher resolution runs, currently undertaken, will bring us into an even more turbulent regime, in which we will be able to study, for the first time, the interaction of small- and large-scale dynamos in a quantitative way., Originally published in "High Performance Computing Science and Engineering, Garching/Munich, 2020". Editors: P. Bastina, D. Kranzm\"uller, H. Br\"euchle, M. Brehm. ISBN: 978-3-9816675-4-7

We report on a study of the Gamow-Teller matrix element contributing to ${}^6$He $��$-decay with similarity renormalization group (SRG) versions of momentum- and configuration-space two-nucleon interactions. These interactions are derived from two different formulations of chiral effective field theory ($��$EFT) -- without and with the explicit inclusion of $��$-isobars. We consider evolution parameters $��_{\rm SRG}$ in the range between 1.2 and 2.0 fm$^{-1}$ and, for the $��$-less case, also the unevolved (bare) interaction. The axial current contains one- and two-body terms, consistently derived at tree level (no loops) in the two distinct $��$EFT formulations we have adopted here. The ${}^6$He and ${}^6$Li ground-state wave functions are obtained from hyperspherical-harmonics (HH) solutions of the nuclear many-body problem. In $A\,$=$\,6$ systems, the HH method is limited at present to treat only two-body interactions and non-SRG evolved currents. Our results exhibit a significant dependence on $��_{\text{SRG}}$ of the contributions associated with two-body currents, suggesting that a consistent SRG-evolution of these is needed in order to obtain reliable estimates. We also show that the contributions from one-pion-exchange currents depend strongly on the model (chiral) interactions and on the momentum- or configuration-space cutoffs used to regularize them. These results might prove helpful in clarifying the origin of the sign difference recently found in No-Core-Shell-Model and Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the ${}^6$He Gamow-Teller matrix element., 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication on Phys. Rev. C

The three-body system inside the unitary window is studied for three equal bosons and three equal fermions having $1/2$ spin-isospin symmetry. We perform a gaussian characterization of the window using a gaussian potential to define trajectories for low-energy quantities as binding energies and phase shifts. On top of this trajectories experimental values are placed or, when not available, quantities calculated using realistic potentials that are known to reproduce experimental values. The intention is to show that the gaussian characterization of the window, thought as a contact interaction plus range corrections, captures the main low-energy properties of real systems as for example three helium atoms or three nucleons. The mapping of real systems on the gaussian trajectories is taken as indication of universal behavior. The trajectories continuously link the physical points to the unitary limit allowing for the explanation of strong correlations between observables appearing in real systems and which are known to exist in that limit. In the present study we focus on low-energy bound, scattering and virtual states., 10 pages, 7 figures

Wetlands are geographic areas where water meets the earth. They cover between 5% and 8% percent of the Earth’s surface including coastal areas, swamps rivers and lakes. They are essential ecosystems for human life. Various international conventions, directives and projects work on their protection that can help fighting the disasters resulting also from climate change. However, the acquisition and monitoring of environmental parameters in these areas is often difficult and ineffective. Classical vehicles (boats or wheeled vehicles) are not adequate in these areas and sometimes they are inaccessible or dangerous to human beings (critical or extreme environments). The development and the exploitation of innovative unmanned technologies can make surveys faster, more efficient and precise. Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs) can work over extended periods of time and less staffing is required thanks to the high level of autonomy. In this paper, several technological solutions are explored and a modular and portable ASV with an innovative propulsion system suitable for working in shallow water is described.

Supporting the user in finding relevant information is one of the major tasks in Information Retrieval. The user-centered approach to IR is based on a user profile that represents the user’s interests and preferences, to obtain relevant information beyond the formulation of a query. Nowadays, the content diffused by people in the Social Web represents a source of primary information to build a user profile. For this reason, the aim of this paper is to propose an event-based approach to user profiling in social media, where an event is identified as a named-entity. Furthermore, by the proposed approach, it is possible to consider the user’s interests evolution over time.

We study the effect of the three-nucleon force (3NF) in p+3H and n+3He scattering at low energies. The used 3NF was derived from effective field theory at next-to-next-to-leading order. The four-nucleon scattering observables are calculated using the Kohn variational principle and the hyperspherical harmonics technique and the results are compared with available experimental data. We also extract information on the excited states of 4He from the calculated S-matrix.

Bone marrow fibrosis is a critical component of primary myelofibrosis in which normal bone marrow tissue and blood-forming cells are gradually replaced with scar tissue. The specific cellular and molecular mechanisms that cause bone marrow fibrosis are not understood. A recent study using state-of-the-art techniques, including in vivo lineage tracing, provides evidence that Gli1+ cells are the cells responsible for fibrotic disease in the bone marrow. Strikingly, genetic depletion of Gli1+ cells rescues bone marrow failure and abolishes myelofibrosis. This work introduces a new central cellular target for bone marrow fibrosis. The knowledge that emerges from this research will be important for the treatment of several malignant and nonmalignant disorders.

openaire: EC/H2020/730897/EU//HPC-EUROPA3 | openaire: EC/H2020/818665/EU//UniSDyn Global and semi-global convective dynamo simulations of solar-like stars are known to show a transition from an antisolar (fast poles, slow equator) to solar-like (fast equator, slow poles) differential rotation (DR) for increasing rotation rate. The dynamo solutions in the latter regime can exhibit regular cyclic modes, whereas in the former one, only stationary or temporally irregular solutions have been obtained so far. In this paper we present a semi-global dynamo simulation in the transition region, exhibiting two coexisting dynamo modes, a cyclic and a stationary one, both being dynamically significant. We seek to understand how such a dynamo is driven by analyzing the large-scale flow properties (DR and meridional circulation) together with the turbulent transport coefficients obtained with the test-field method. Neither an ??dynamo wave nor an advection-dominated dynamo are able to explain the cycle period and the propagation direction of the mean magnetic field. Furthermore, we find that the ? effectis comparable or even larger than the ? effect in generating the toroidal magnetic field, and therefore, the dynamo seems to be of ?(2)? or ?(2) type. We further find that the effective large-scale flows are significantly altered by turbulent pumping.

We report the first measurement of the (e,e′p) reaction cross-section ratios for Helium-3 (He3), Tritium (H3), and Deuterium (d). The measurement covered a missing momentum range of 40≤pmiss≤550MeV/c, at large momentum transfer (〈Q2〉≈1.9 (GeV/c)$^{2}$) and xB>1, which minimized contributions from non quasi-elastic (QE) reaction mechanisms. The data is compared with plane-wave impulse approximation (PWIA) calculations using realistic spectral functions and momentum distributions. The measured and PWIA-calculated cross-section ratios for He3/d and H3/d extend to just above the typical nucleon Fermi-momentum (kF≈250 MeV/c) and differ from each other by ∼20%, while for He3/H3 they agree within the measurement accuracy of about 3%. At momenta above kF, the measured He3/H3 ratios differ from the calculation by 20%−50%. Final state interaction (FSI) calculations using the generalized Eikonal Approximation indicate that FSI should change the He3/H3 cross-section ratio for this measurement by less than 5%. If these calculations are correct, then the differences at large missing momenta between the He3/H3 experimental and calculated ratios could be due to the underlying NN interaction, and thus could provide new constraints on the previously loosely-constrained short-distance parts of the NN interaction.

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and electrolysers (SOECs) are currently considered as promising devices to be used in distribution and storage electrical net where renewables operate, because of their high efficiency and flexibility in terms of energy fluctuations. Our research group has recently studied the La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-?-infiltrated Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-? system on Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-? supporting electrolyte (LSM-BSCF/SDC), as electrode for SOFCs, under cathodic overpotentials. It was demonstrated a positive effect of LSM both on performance (polarisation resistance) and long-term stability. However, both pristine BSCF and infiltrated LSM-BSCF electrodes showed unexpected increasing of polarization resistance with increasing cathodic overpotential, namely when a net cathodic current flowed through them [1]. In view of these results, a similar BSCF and LSM-BSCF system on SDC-supporting electrolyte was studied under anodic electrochemical conditions, to explore the behaviour of this electrode as anode in SOEC mode. Due to gas evolution from reaction sites, electrolysis systems usually exhibit huge delamination [2], so the electrode porosity was accurately optimised using a graphite-based pore former. The results of this investigation will be presented.