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Erworben im Rahmen der Schweizer Nationallizenzen (http://www.nationallizenzen.ch), This work is part of the interlaboratory collaboration to study the stability of organic solar cells containing PCDTBT polymer as a donor material. The varieties of the OPV devices with different device architectures, electrode materials, encapsulation, and device dimensions were prepared by seven research laboratories. Sets of identical devices were aged according to four different protocols: shelf lifetime, laboratory weathering under simulated illumination at ambient temperature, laboratory weathering under simulated illumination, and elevated temperature (65°C) and daylight outdoor weathering under sunlight. The results generated in this study allow us to outline several general conclusions related to PCDTBT-based bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. The results herein reported can be considered as practical guidance for the realization of stabilization approaches in BHJ solar cells containing PCDTBT.

A spectral splitting, light trapping dielectric metasurface is designed, fabricated and integrated into a four-terminal perovskite/silicon hybrid tandem solar cell to increase the absorption of light close to the bandgap of the perovskite top cell, and enhance transmission of the near-infrared spectral band towards the bottom cell. The metagrating is composed of a hexagonal array of unit cells of 150-nm-tall hydrogenated amorphous silicon trimer nanostructures with dielectric Mie resonances in the 600-800 nm perovskite near-gap region, made using substrate-conformal imprint lithography. By tailoring the metasurface resonant scattering modes and their interference with the direct reflection paths we minimize specular reflection and obtain high diffraction efficiency that leads to improved light trapping in the perovskite top cell. The measured short-circuit current increase in the perovskite top cell is 0.5 mA/cm2 corresponding to an estimated efficiency gain of 0.26% (absolute) for the metasurface-integrated 4T perovskite/silicon tandem cell. Simulations for a further optimized metasurface spectrum splitter geometry predict a short-circuit current gain in the perovskite top cell of 1.4 mA/cm2 and an efficiency gain for the 4T tandem cell of 0.4% (absolute). The metagrating approach for simultaneous spectral splitting, light trapping and reflectance reduction provides a flexible platform that can be applied to many tandem cell geometries., Comment: Main text: 11 pages (with references), 4 figures Supplementary (in same document): 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 table

FP7-CHEETAH is a combination of a collaborative project (CP) and a coordination and support action (CSA), receiving funding from the European Union under grant agreement No 609788. The project aims at solving specific R&D issues to overcome fragmentation of European PV R&D and to accelerate the industrialization of innovations by intensifying the collaboration between R&D providers and industry. This proceeding reports on the strategy and key tools brought by the CHEETAH project to improve the state of the art in knowledge exchange on PV RTD. Its CHEETAH Knowledge Exchange Platform (KEP) features a dynamic database, a powerful build-in search engine, the dedicated e-learning platform for on-line meetings with internal and external stakeholders, webinars, on-line tests and experiments. The portal profits from the best practice in more efficient social and professional networks web portal by representing a significant step forward in knowledge exchange for the European photovoltaics community to support training, share knowledge and research infrastructures and foster collaboration opportunities at EU scale.

33rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2888-2894, FP7-CHEETAH is a combination of a collaborative project (CP) and a coordination and support action (CSA), receiving funding from the European Union under grant agreement No 609788. The project aims at solving specific R&D issues to overcome fragmentation of European PV R&D and to accelerate the industrialization of innovations by intensifying the collaboration between R&D providers and industry. This proceeding reports on the strategy and key tools brought by the CHEETAH project to improve the state of the art in knowledge exchange on PV RTD. Its CHEETAH Knowledge Exchange Platform (KEP) features a dynamic database, a powerful build-in search engine, the dedicated e-learning platform for on-line meetings with internal and external stakeholders, webinars, on-line tests and experiments. The portal profits from the best practice in more efficient social and professional networks web portal by representing a significant step forward in knowledge exchange for the European photovoltaics community to support training, share knowledge and research infrastructures and foster collaboration opportunities at EU scale.

Solar cells prepared using the alternating copolymer shown in the Figure blended with a C-60 derivative (PCBM) are demonstrated to have a high performance, with a power conversion efficiency of 2.2 % under simulated solar light. The molecular weight of the polymer is low due to limited solubility, and films of the polymer exhibit red-shifted absorption.

Improving the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells is critical to the deployment of this technology. Despite the great emphasis laid on stability-related investigations, publications lack consistency in experimental procedures and parameters reported. It is therefore challenging to reproduce and compare results and thereby develop a deep understanding of degradation mechanisms. Here, we report a consensus between researchers in the field on procedures for testing perovskite solar cell stability, which are based on the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability (ISOS) protocols. We propose additional procedures to account for properties specific to PSCs such as ion redistribution under electric fields, reversible degradation and to distinguish ambient-induced degradation from other stress factors. These protocols are not intended as a replacement of the existing qualification standards, but rather they aim to unify the stability assessment and to understand failure modes. Finally, we identify key procedural information which we suggest reporting in publications to improve reproducibility and enable large data set analysis.

Funder: 2017 SGR 329 Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV-2017-0706), Funder: This article is based upon work from COST Action StableNextSol MP1307 supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). M. V. K., E. A. K., V. B., and A. Osherov thank the financial support of the United States – Israel Binational Science Foundation (grant no. 2015757). E. A. K., A. A., and I. V.-F. acknowledge a partial support from the SNaPSHoTs project in the framework of the German-Israeli bilateral R&D cooperation in the field of applied nanotechnology. M. S. L. thanks the financial support of NSF (ECCS, award #1610833). S. C., M. Manceau and M. Matheron thank the financial support of European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 763989 (APOLO project). F. De R. and T. M. W. would like to acknowledge the support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through the SPECIFIC Innovation and Knowledge Centre (EP/N020863/1) and express their gratitude to the Welsh Government for their support of the Ser Solar programme. P. A. T. acknowledges financial support from Russian Science Foundation (project No. 19-73-30020). J.K. acknowledges the support by the Solar Photovoltaic Academic Research Consortium II (SPARC II) project, gratefully funded by WEFO. M.K.N. acknowledges financial support from Innosuisse project 25590.1 PFNM-NM, Solaronix, Aubonne, Switzerland. C.-Q. M. would like to acknowledge The Bureau of International Cooperation of Chinese Academy of Sciences for the support of ISOS11 and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China for the financial support (No 2016YFA0200700). N.G.P. acknowledges financial support from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT Future Planning (MSIP) of Korea under contracts NRF-2012M3A6A7054861 and NRF-2014M3A6A7060583 (Global Frontier R&D Program on Center for Multiscale Energy System). CSIRO’s contribution to this work was conducted with funding support from the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) through its Advancing Renewables Program. A. F. N gratefully acknowledges support from FAPESP (Grant 2017/11986-5) and Shell and the strategic importance of the support given by ANP (Brazil’s National Oil, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency) through the R&D levy regulation. Y.-L.L. and Q.B. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation under award #1824674. S.D.S. acknowledges the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (HYPERION, grant agreement No. 756962), and the Royal Society and Tata Group (UF150033). The work at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC36-08GO28308 with Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC, the manager and operator of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The authors (J.J.B, J.M.L., M.O.R, K.Z.) acknowledge support from the De-risking halide perovskite solar cells program of the National Center for Photovoltaics, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Technology Office. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes. H.J.S. acknowledges the support of EPSRC UK, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. V.T. and M. Madsen acknowledges ‘Villum Foundation’ for funding of the project CompliantPV, under project number 13365. M. Madsen acknowledges Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond, DFF FTP for funding of the project React-PV, No. 8022-00389B. M.G. and S.M.Z. thank the King Abdulaziz City for Science and technology (KACST) for financial support. S.V. acknowledges TKI-UE/Ministry of Economic Affairs for financial support of the TKI-UE toeslag project POP-ART (No. 1621103). M.L.C. and H.X. acknowledges the support from Spanish MINECO for the grant GraPErOs (ENE2016-79282-C5-2-R), the OrgEnergy Excellence Network CTQ2016-81911- REDT, the Agència de Gestiód'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) for the support to the consolidated Catalonia research group 2017 SGR 329 and the Xarxa de Referència en Materials Avançats per a l'Energia (Xarmae). ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant No. SEV-2017-0706) and is funded by the CERCA Programme / Generalitat de Catalunya., Improving the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells is critical to the deployment of this technology. Despite the great emphasis laid on stability-related investigations, publications lack consistency in experimental procedures and parameters reported. It is therefore challenging to reproduce and compare results and thereby develop a deep understanding of degradation mechanisms. Here, we report a consensus between researchers in the field on procedures for testing perovskite solar cell stability, which are based on the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability (ISOS) protocols. We propose additional procedures to account for properties specific to PSCs such as ion redistribution under electric fields, reversible degradation and to distinguish ambient-induced degradation from other stress factors. These protocols are not intended as a replacement of the existing qualification standards, but rather they aim to unify the stability assessment and to understand failure modes. Finally, we identify key procedural information which we suggest reporting in publications to improve reproducibility and enable large data set analysis.

Improving the long-term stability of perovskite solar cells is critical to the deployment of this technology. Despite the great emphasis laid on stability-related investigations, publications lack consistency in experimental procedures and parameters reported. It is therefore challenging to reproduce and compare results and thereby develop a deep understanding of degradation mechanisms. Here, we report a consensus between researchers in the field on procedures for testing perovskite solar cell stability, which are based on the International Summit on Organic Photovoltaic Stability (ISOS) protocols. We propose additional procedures to account for properties specific to PSCs such as ion redistribution under electric fields, reversible degradation and to distinguish ambient-induced degradation from other stress factors. These protocols are not intended as a replacement of the existing qualification standards, but rather they aim to unify the stability assessment and to understand failure modes. Finally, we identify key procedural information which we suggest reporting in publications to improve reproducibility and enable large data set analysis., This article is based upon work from COST Action StableNextSol MP1307 supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). M.V.K., E.A.K., V.B. and A.O. thank the financial support of the United States – Israel Binational Science Foundation (grant no. 2015757). E.A.K., A.A. and I.V.-F. acknowledge partial support from the SNaPSHoTs project in the framework of the German-Israeli bilateral R&D cooperation in the field of applied nanotechnology. M.S.L. thanks the financial support of National Science Foundation (ECCS, award #1610833). S.C., M.Manceau and M.Matheron thank the financial support of European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 763989 (APOLO project). F.D.R. and T.M.W. would like to acknowledge the support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through the SPECIFIC Innovation and Knowledge Centre (EP/N020863/1) and express their gratitude to the Welsh Government for their support of the Ser Solar programme. P.A.T. acknowledges financial support from the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 19-73-30020). J.K. acknowledges the support by the Solar Photovoltaic Academic Research Consortium II (SPARC II) project, gratefully funded by WEFO. M.K.N. acknowledges financial support from Innosuisse project 25590.1 PFNM-NM, Solaronix, Aubonne, Switzerland. C.-Q.M. would like to acknowledge The Bureau of International Cooperation of Chinese Academy of Sciences for the support of ISOS11 and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China for the financial support (no. 2016YFA0200700). N.G.P. acknowledges financial support from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grants funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT Future Planning (MSIP) of Korea under contracts NRF-2012M3A6A7054861 and NRF-2014M3A6A7060583 (Global Frontier R&D Program on Center for Multiscale Energy System). CSIRO’s contribution to this work was conducted with funding support from the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) through its Advancing Renewables Program. A.F.N gratefully acknowledges support from FAPESP (Grant 2017/11986-5) and Shell and the strategic importance of the support given by ANP (Brazil’s National Oil, Natural Gas and Biofuels Agency) through the R&D levy regulation. Y.-L.L. and Q.B. acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation under award no. 1824674. S.D.S. acknowledges the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (HYPERION, grant agreement no. 756962), and the Royal Society and Tata Group (UF150033). The work at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory was supported by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under contract DE-AC36-08GO28308 with Alliance for Sustainable Energy LLC, the manager and operator of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The authors (J.J.B, J.M.L., M.O.R, K.Z.) acknowledge support from the ‘De-risking halide perovskite solar cells’ program of the National Center for Photovoltaics, funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Technology Office. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the US Government. H.J.S. acknowledges the support of EPSRC UK, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. V.T. and M.Madsen acknowledge ‘Villum Foundation’ for funding of the project CompliantPV, under project no. 13365. M.Madsen acknowledges Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond, DFF FTP for funding of the project React-PV, no. 8022-00389B. M.G. and S.M.Z. thank the King Abdulaziz City for Science and technology (KACST) for financial support. S.V. acknowledges TKI-UE/Ministry of Economic Affairs for financial support of the TKI-UE toeslag project POP-ART (no. 1621103). RC thanks the grants for Development of New Faculty Staff, Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund. A.D.C. gratefully acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant agreement no. 785219-GrapheneCore2 and no. 764047-ESPResSo). M.L.C. and H.X. acknowledges the support from Spanish MINECO for the grant GraPErOs (ENE2016-79282-C5-2-R), the OrgEnergy Excellence Network CTQ2016-81911- REDT, the Agència de Gestiód’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (AGAUR) for the support to the consolidated Catalonia research group 2017 SGR 329 and the Xarxa de Referència en Materials Avançats per a l’Energia (Xarmae). ICN2 is supported by the Severo Ochoa program from Spanish MINECO (Grant no. SEV-2017-0706) and is funded by the CERCA Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.

Perovskite solar cells based on hybrid organometal perovskite recently appeared as a cost-effective and highly efficient technology for the conversion of sunlight. Efforts undertaken during this PhD thesis focused on one component of the perovskite solar cells, the hole transport material, which rules both, performance and stability of the devices. Advantages of semiconducting polymers result in their thermal and chemical stability, their good charge transport properties and their ability to form homogeneous thin films. Thereby, through synthesis of novel polyvinylcarbazole and incorporation into devices, stability of planar perovskite solar cells has been enhanced while conserving good efficiency. The potential of PEDOT-based polyelectrolytes has been investigated in inverted perovskite solar cells. Finally, a new strategy to efficiently dope hole transporting materials has been demonstrated through the introduction of N-heterocyclic imidazolium-based polyelectrolytes. Thereby, efficiency of solar cells has been promoted to over 20%., Les cellules solaires comprenant comme matériau actif une pérovskite organométallique hydride sont apparues récemment comme une technologie de haute performance et bon marché pour la conversion de l’énergie solaire. Les efforts mobilisés pendant cette thèse se sont concentrés sur un composant clé des cellules solaires à pérovskite, le transporteur de trous, qui assure à la fois les performances et la stabilité des cellules. Les avantages des polymères semi-conducteurs pour cette fonction se retrouvent dans leur stabilité, leurs bonnes propriétés de transport de charge et leur caractère filmogène. Ainsi, la stabilité des cellules solaires à pérovskite planes a pu être améliorée en intégrant un polyvinylcarbazole fonctionnalisé, tout en conservant de bonnes efficacités. Le potentiel de polyélectrolytes à base de PEDOT a pu être évalué dans les cellules de type inverses. Et enfin, une nouvelle méthode de dopage par un polyélectrolyte à base d’imidazole a démontré des efficacités remarquables, supérieures à 20%.