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1. Editorial: Inter-organ crosstalk during exercise in health and disease: Extracellular vesicles as new kids on the block

Author

VERBOVEN, Kenneth, Vechetti, Ivan J., VERBOVEN, Kenneth, and Vechetti, Ivan J.

Subjects
exercise, Physiology, extracellular vesicle (EV), Physiology (medical), myokines, microRNA (microRNA), exosomes
Abstract

KEYWORDS extracellular vesicle (EV), exercise, myokines, exosomes, microRNA (microRNA) Editorial on the Research Topic Inter-organ crosstalk during exercise in health and disease: Extracellular vesicles as new kids on the block Within exercise physiology, the study of factors potentially mediating interorgan crosstalk during and after exercise is a fascinating field of research. As exercise activates a plethora of metabolic pathways in several tissues, organs and systems, examining the underlying biological mechanisms contributing to exercise related metabolic benefits is imperative. Since two decades, the skeletal muscle is known to secrete humoral factors into the circulation in response to exercise, originally described as "myokines" by Pedersen et al. (2003). These myokines are now well known and extensively studied in the field of exercise science (Pedersen and Febbraio, 2012). Interestingly, exercise also triggers other metabolic organs to release similar factors arising from the heart, liver, white and brown adipose tissue, and the nervous system (Chow et al., 2022). These "exerkines" (Safdar et al., 2016) have been recognized to comprise an extensive range of biologically active signalling molecules, including cytokines, lipids, metabolites and (noncoding) nucleic acids, as recently reviewed (Chow et al., 2022). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their role as carrier particles for molecular signals became of specific interest in the exerkine field, as EVs are considered (co-)drivers of exercise-induced interorgan crosstalk (Whitham et al., 2018; Vechetti et al., 2021). Differentiated by both their size and nature of vesicular biogenesis, EVs can be primarily classified as exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies although some overlap does exist between these classifications. EVs may enclose plenty of material, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids (Théry et al., 2018). Indeed, pioneering EV-related exercise studies have shown an increase in the circulating number of EVs after a single bout of exercise (Brahmer et al., 2019; Frühbeis et al., 2015; Oliveira et al., 2018; Whitham et al., 2018), with recent in vivo research estimating about 5% of circulating, tetraspanin-positive EVs to be muscle-derived (Estrada et al., 2022). However, the frequent lack of rigorous characterization, purification and/or quantification of EVs (which ideally requires a combination of multiple methodologies) makes the understanding of the role of EVs in exercise physiology rather hard (Darragh et al., 2021) and argues for standard approaches and reporting on EV-related exercise science. Nevertheless, many points need to be clarified, but as the interest in EVs research from an exercise and health We sincerely thank all authors and reviewers who participated in the Research Topic.

Published
2023

2. Extracellular vesicle characteristics and microRNA content in cerebral palsy and typically developed individuals at rest and in response to aerobic exercise

Author

Vechetti, Ivan J., Norrbom, Jessica, Alkner, Björn, Hjalmarsson, Emma, Palmcrantz, Alexandra, Pontén, Eva, Pingel, Jessica, von Walden, Ferdinand, and Fernandez-Gonzalo, Rodrigo

Subjects
exosomes, endurance exercise, miR-486, skeletal muscle, frame running, Idrottsvetenskap, Sport and Fitness Sciences
Abstract

In this study, the properties of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) were examined in cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developed (TD) individuals at rest and after aerobic exercise, focusing on the size, concentration, and microRNA cargo of EVs. Nine adult individuals with CP performed a single exercise bout consisting of 45 min of Frame Running, and TD participants completed either 45 min of cycling (n = 10; TD EX) or were enrolled as controls with no exercise (n = 10; TD CON). Blood was drawn before and 30 min after exercise and analyzed for EV concentration, size, and microRNA content. The size of EVs was similar in CP vs. TD, and exercise had no effect. Individuals with CP had an overall lower concentration (∼25%, p < 0.05) of EVs. At baseline, let-7a, let-7b and let-7e were downregulated in individuals with CP compared to TD (p < 0.05), while miR-100 expression was higher, and miR-877 and miR-4433 lower in CP compared to TD after exercise (p < 0.05). Interestingly, miR-486 was upregulated ∼2-fold in the EVs of CP vs. TD both at baseline and after exercise. We then performed an in silico analysis of miR-486 targets and identified the satellite cell stemness factor Pax7 as a target of miR-486. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured with a miR-486 mimetic and RNA-sequencing was performed. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that several genes involved in sarcomerogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) were downregulated. Our data suggest that circulating miR-486 transported by EVs is elevated in individuals with CP and that miR-486 alters the transcriptome of myoblasts affecting both ECM- and sarcomerogenesis-related genes, providing a link to the skeletal muscle alterations observed in individuals with CP In this study, the properties of circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs) were examined in cerebral palsy (CP) and typically developed (TD) individuals at rest and after aerobic exercise, focusing on the size, concentration, and microRNA cargo of EVs. Nine adult individuals with CP performed a single exercise bout consisting of 45 min of Frame Running, and TD participants completed either 45 min of cycling (n = 10; TD EX) or were enrolled as controls with no exercise (n = 10; TD CON). Blood was drawn before and 30 min after exercise and analyzed for EV concentration, size, and microRNA content. The size of EVs was similar in CP vs. TD, and exercise had no effect. Individuals with CP had an overall lower concentration (∼25%, p < 0.05) of EVs. At baseline, let-7a, let-7b and let-7e were downregulated in individuals with CP compared to TD (p < 0.05), while miR-100 expression was higher, and miR-877 and miR-4433 lower in CP compared to TD after exercise (p < 0.05). Interestingly, miR-486 was upregulated ∼2-fold in the EVs of CP vs. TD both at baseline and after exercise. We then performed an in silico analysis of miR-486 targets and identified the satellite cell stemness factor Pax7 as a target of miR-486. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured with a miR-486 mimetic and RNA-sequencing was performed. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that several genes involved in sarcomerogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) were downregulated. Our data suggest that circulating miR-486 transported by EVs is elevated in individuals with CP and that miR-486 alters the transcriptome of myoblasts affecting both ECM- and sarcomerogenesis-related genes, providing a link to the skeletal muscle alterations observed in individuals with CP.

Published
2022

3. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

Author

Théry, Clotilde, Witwer, Kenneth W, Aikawa, Elena, Alcaraz, Maria Jose, Anderson, Johnathon D, Andriantsitohaina, Ramaroson, Antoniou, Anna, Arab, Tanina, Archer, Fabienne, Atkin-Smith, Georgia K, Ayre, D Craig, Bach, Jean-Marie, Bachurski, Daniel, Baharvand, Hossein, Balaj, Leonora, Baldacchino, Shawn, Bauer, Natalie N, Baxter, Amy A, Bebawy, Mary, Beckham, Carla, Bedina Zavec, Apolonija, Benmoussa, Abderrahim, Berardi, Anna C, Bergese, Paolo, Bielska, Ewa, Blenkiron, Cherie, Bobis-Wozowicz, Sylwia, Boilard, Eric, Boireau, Wilfrid, Bongiovanni, Antonella, Borràs, Francesc E, Bosch, Steffi, Boulanger, Chantal M, Breakefield, Xandra, Breglio, Andrew M, Brennan, Meadhbh Á, Brigstock, David R, Brisson, Alain, Broekman, Marike Ld, Bromberg, Jacqueline F, Bryl-Górecka, Paulina, Buch, Shilpa, Buck, Amy H, Burger, Dylan, Busatto, Sara, Buschmann, Dominik, Bussolati, Benedetta, Buzás, Edit I, Byrd, James Bryan, Camussi, Giovanni, Carter, David Rf, Caruso, Sarah, Chamley, Lawrence W, Chang, Yu-Ting, Chen, Chihchen, Chen, Shuai, Cheng, Lesley, Chin, Andrew R, Clayton, Aled, Clerici, Stefano P, Cocks, Alex, Cocucci, Emanuele, Coffey, Robert J, Cordeiro-da-Silva, Anabela, Couch, Yvonne, Coumans, Frank Aw, Coyle, Beth, Crescitelli, Rossella, Criado, Miria Ferreira, D'Souza-Schorey, Crislyn, Das, Saumya, Datta Chaudhuri, Amrita, de Candia, Paola, De Santana, Eliezer F, De Wever, Olivier, Del Portillo, Hernando A, Demaret, Tanguy, Deville, Sarah, Devitt, Andrew, Dhondt, Bert, Di Vizio, Dolores, Dieterich, Lothar C, Dolo, Vincenza, Dominguez Rubio, Ana Paula, Dominici, Massimo, Dourado, Mauricio R, Driedonks, Tom Ap, Duarte, Filipe V, Duncan, Heather M, Eichenberger, Ramon M, Ekström, Karin, El Andaloussi, Samir, Elie-Caille, Celine, Erdbrügger, Uta, Falcón-Pérez, Juan M, Fatima, Farah, Fish, Jason E, Flores-Bellver, Miguel, Försönits, András, Frelet-Barrand, Annie, Fricke, Fabia, Fuhrmann, Gregor, Gabrielsson, Susanne, Gámez-Valero, Ana, Gardiner, Chris, Gärtner, Kathrin, Gaudin, Raphael, Gho, Yong Song, Giebel, Bernd, Gilbert, Caroline, Gimona, Mario, Giusti, Ilaria, Goberdhan, Deborah Ci, Görgens, André, Gorski, Sharon M, Greening, David W, Gross, Julia Christina, Gualerzi, Alice, Gupta, Gopal N, Gustafson, Dakota, Handberg, Aase, Haraszti, Reka A, Harrison, Paul, Hegyesi, Hargita, Hendrix, An, Hill, Andrew F, Hochberg, Fred H, Hoffmann, Karl F, Holder, Beth, Holthofer, Harry, Hosseinkhani, Baharak, Hu, Guoku, Huang, Yiyao, Huber, Veronica, Hunt, Stuart, Ibrahim, Ahmed Gamal-Eldin, Ikezu, Tsuneya, Inal, Jameel M, Isin, Mustafa, Ivanova, Alena, Jackson, Hannah K, Jacobsen, Soren, Jay, Steven M, Jayachandran, Muthuvel, Jenster, Guido, Jiang, Lanzhou, Johnson, Suzanne M, Jones, Jennifer C, Jong, Ambrose, Jovanovic-Talisman, Tijana, Jung, Stephanie, Kalluri, Raghu, Kano, Shin-Ichi, Kaur, Sukhbir, Kawamura, Yumi, Keller, Evan T, Khamari, Delaram, Khomyakova, Elena, Khvorova, Anastasia, Kierulf, Peter, Kim, Kwang Pyo, Kislinger, Thomas, Klingeborn, Mikael, Klinke, David J, Kornek, Miroslaw, Kosanović, Maja M, Kovács, Árpád Ferenc, Krämer-Albers, Eva-Maria, Krasemann, Susanne, Krause, Mirja, Kurochkin, Igor V, Kusuma, Gina D, Kuypers, Sören, Laitinen, Saara, Langevin, Scott M, Languino, Lucia R, Lannigan, Joanne, Lässer, Cecilia, Laurent, Louise C, Lavieu, Gregory, Lázaro-Ibáñez, Elisa, Le Lay, Soazig, Lee, Myung-Shin, Lee, Yi Xin Fiona, Lemos, Debora S, Lenassi, Metka, Leszczynska, Aleksandra, Li, Isaac Ts, Liao, Ke, Libregts, Sten F, Ligeti, Erzsebet, Lim, Rebecca, Lim, Sai Kiang, Linē, Aija, Linnemannstöns, Karen, Llorente, Alicia, Lombard, Catherine A, Lorenowicz, Magdalena J, Lörincz, Ákos M, Lötvall, Jan, Lovett, Jason, Lowry, Michelle C, Loyer, Xavier, Lu, Quan, Lukomska, Barbara, Lunavat, Taral R, Maas, Sybren Ln, Malhi, Harmeet, Marcilla, Antonio, Mariani, Jacopo, Mariscal, Javier, Martens-Uzunova, Elena S, Martin-Jaular, Lorena, Martinez, M Carmen, Martins, Vilma Regina, Mathieu, Mathilde, Mathivanan, Suresh, Maugeri, Marco, McGinnis, Lynda K, McVey, Mark J, Meckes, David G, Meehan, Katie L, Mertens, Inge, Minciacchi, Valentina R, Möller, Andreas, Møller Jørgensen, Malene, Morales-Kastresana, Aizea, Morhayim, Jess, Mullier, François, Muraca, Maurizio, Musante, Luca, Mussack, Veronika, Muth, Dillon C, Myburgh, Kathryn H, Najrana, Tanbir, Nawaz, Muhammad, Nazarenko, Irina, Nejsum, Peter, Neri, Christian, Neri, Tommaso, Nieuwland, Rienk, Nimrichter, Leonardo, Nolan, John P, Nolte-'t Hoen, Esther NM, Noren Hooten, Nicole, O'Driscoll, Lorraine, O'Grady, Tina, O'Loghlen, Ana, Ochiya, Takahiro, Olivier, Martin, Ortiz, Alberto, Ortiz, Luis A, Osteikoetxea, Xabier, Østergaard, Ole, Ostrowski, Matias, Park, Jaesung, Pegtel, D Michiel, Peinado, Hector, Perut, Francesca, Pfaffl, Michael W, Phinney, Donald G, Pieters, Bartijn Ch, Pink, Ryan C, Pisetsky, David S, Pogge von Strandmann, Elke, Polakovicova, Iva, Poon, Ivan Kh, Powell, Bonita H, Prada, Ilaria, Pulliam, Lynn, Quesenberry, Peter, Radeghieri, Annalisa, Raffai, Robert L, Raimondo, Stefania, Rak, Janusz, Ramirez, Marcel I, Raposo, Graça, Rayyan, Morsi S, Regev-Rudzki, Neta, Ricklefs, Franz L, Robbins, Paul D, Roberts, David D, Rodrigues, Silvia C, Rohde, Eva, Rome, Sophie, Rouschop, Kasper Ma, Rughetti, Aurelia, Russell, Ashley E, Saá, Paula, Sahoo, Susmita, Salas-Huenuleo, Edison, Sánchez, Catherine, Saugstad, Julie A, Saul, Meike J, Schiffelers, Raymond M, Schneider, Raphael, Schøyen, Tine Hiorth, Scott, Aaron, Shahaj, Eriomina, Sharma, Shivani, Shatnyeva, Olga, Shekari, Faezeh, Shelke, Ganesh Vilas, Shetty, Ashok K, Shiba, Kiyotaka, Siljander, Pia R-M, Silva, Andreia M, Skowronek, Agata, Snyder, Orman L, Soares, Rodrigo Pedro, Sódar, Barbara W, Soekmadji, Carolina, Sotillo, Javier, Stahl, Philip D, Stoorvogel, Willem, Stott, Shannon L, Strasser, Erwin F, Swift, Simon, Tahara, Hidetoshi, Tewari, Muneesh, Timms, Kate, Tiwari, Swasti, Tixeira, Rochelle, Tkach, Mercedes, Toh, Wei Seong, Tomasini, Richard, Torrecilhas, Ana Claudia, Tosar, Juan Pablo, Toxavidis, Vasilis, Urbanelli, Lorena, Vader, Pieter, van Balkom, Bas Wm, van der Grein, Susanne G, Van Deun, Jan, van Herwijnen, Martijn Jc, Van Keuren-Jensen, Kendall, van Niel, Guillaume, van Royen, Martin E, van Wijnen, Andre J, Vasconcelos, M Helena, Vechetti, Ivan J, Veit, Tiago D, Vella, Laura J, Velot, Émilie, Verweij, Frederik J, Vestad, Beate, Viñas, Jose L, Visnovitz, Tamás, Vukman, Krisztina V, Wahlgren, Jessica, Watson, Dionysios C, Wauben, Marca Hm, Weaver, Alissa, Webber, Jason P, Weber, Viktoria, Wehman, Ann M, Weiss, Daniel J, Welsh, Joshua A, Wendt, Sebastian, Wheelock, Asa M, Wiener, Zoltán, Witte, Leonie, Wolfram, Joy, Xagorari, Angeliki, Xander, Patricia, Xu, Jing, Yan, Xiaomei, Yáñez-Mó, María, Yin, Hang, Yuana, Yuana, Zappulli, Valentina, Zarubova, Jana, Žėkas, Vytautas, Zhang, Jian-Ye, Zhao, Zezhou, Zheng, Lei, Zheutlin, Alexander R, Zickler, Antje M, Zimmermann, Pascale, Zivkovic, Angela M, Zocco, Davide, Zuba-Surma, Ewa K, dB&C I&I, LS Celbiologie-Algemeen, Celbiologie, Afd Pharmaceutics, Sub General Pharmaceutics, Sub Biomol.Mass Spect. and Proteomics, Afd Pharmacology, Urology, Pathology, Medical Oncology, Immunité et cancer, Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Stress Oxydant et Pathologies Métaboliques (SOPAM), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - U 1192 (PRISM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Infections Virales et Pathologie Comparée - UMR 754 (IVPC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Immuno-Endocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire [Nantes] (IECM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Department for Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of chemitry, Slovenia, Biologie, génétique et thérapies ostéoarticulaires et respiratoires (BIOTARGEN), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IPMC), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Immuno-Endocrinologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IECM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes, Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Imagerie Moléculaire et Nanobiotechnologies - Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Molecular Biotechnology Center, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University (JCU), Department of Oncology - Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska [Karolinska Institutet] (CCK), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]-Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults [Modena, Italy] (Laboratory of Cellular Therapy), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Huddinge, Sweden, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm]-Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Partner site Munich, German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Psychiatry, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology [Helsinki], Haartman Institute [Helsinki], Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Rigshospitalet [Copenhagen], Copenhagen University Hospital, Dalhousie University [Halifax], Department of Biology, Molecular Cell Biology, University of Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Glycobiologie et signalisation cellulaire, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg (GU), Universidad de Alicante, École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Créteil (UPEC ESPE Créteil), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), University of Antwerp (UA), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù [Roma], Department of Veterinary Disease Biology [Copenhagen], Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Biologie et Pathologie du Neurone (Brain-C), Adaptation Biologique et Vieillissement = Biological Adaptation and Ageing (B2A), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, American University, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Ecole des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris (EIVP), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC), Compartimentation et dynamique cellulaires (CDC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Curie [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], University Medical Center [Utrecht], University of Toronto, Fiocruz Minas - René Rachou Research Center / Instituto René Rachou [Belo Horizonte, Brésil], Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Federal University of Sao Paulo (Unifesp), Functional Genomics / Genómica Funcional [Montevideo], Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Scienze Biochimiche, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Hospital Santa Cristina Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa C, Unidad de Investigación, Institut Curie [Paris]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physiology, University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California-University of California, University of Vermont [Burlington], Peking University [Beijing], Shandong Agricultural University (SDAU), State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine Taipa, Macau SAR, (Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences), Human Genetics, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], INSERM, Institut Curie, INCa [INCA-11548], French National Research Agency [ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL*, ANR-11-LABX-0043], SIDACTION [17-1-AAE-1138], Fondation ARC [PGA1 RF20180206962, PJA 20171206453], NIDA [DA040385, DA047807], Ministry of Education, NIA [AG057430], NIMH [MH118164], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Nantes-École nationale vétérinaire, agroalimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (ONIRIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia = University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (UNIMORE), Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Aberystwyth University, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), The Scripps Research Institute [La Jolla, San Diego], Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital de la Princesa, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), ANR-17-CE09-0025,MADNESS,Une approche microfluidique générique pour la qualification des nanoparticules biologiques(2017), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Biomedical Engineering and Physics, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, ACS - Microcirculation, Laboratory Specialized Diagnostics & Research, 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W., Aikawa, E., Alcaraz, M. J., Anderson, J. D., Andriantsitohaina, R., Antoniou, A., Arab, T., Archer, F., Atkin-Smith, G. K., Ayre, D. C., Bach, J. -M., Bachurski, D., Baharvand, H., Balaj, L., Baldacchino, S., Bauer, N. N., Baxter, A. A., Bebawy, M., Beckham, C., Bedina Zavec, A., Benmoussa, A., Berardi, A. C., Bergese, P., Bielska, E., Blenkiron, C., Bobis-Wozowicz, S., Boilard, E., Boireau, W., Bongiovanni, A., Borras, F. E., Bosch, S., Boulanger, C. M., Breakefield, X., Breglio, A. M., Brennan, M. A., Brigstock, D. R., Brisson, A., Broekman, M. L. D., Bromberg, J. F., Bryl-Gorecka, P., Buch, S., Buck, A. H., Burger, D., Busatto, S., Buschmann, D., Bussolati, B., Buzas, E. I., Byrd, J. B., Camussi, G., Carter, D. R. F., Caruso, S., Chamley, L. W., Chang, Y. -T., Chaudhuri, A. D., Chen, C., Chen, S., Cheng, L., Chin, A. R., Clayton, A., Clerici, S. P., Cocks, A., Cocucci, E., Coffey, R. J., Cordeiro-da-Silva, A., Couch, Y., Coumans, F. A. W., Coyle, B., Crescitelli, R., Criado, M. F., D'Souza-Schorey, C., Das, S., de Candia, P., De Santana, E. F., De Wever, O., del Portillo, H. A., Demaret, T., Deville, S., Devitt, A., Dhondt, B., Di Vizio, D., Dieterich, L. C., Dolo, V., Dominguez Rubio, A. P., Dominici, M., Dourado, M. R., Driedonks, T. A. P., Duarte, F. V., Duncan, H. M., Eichenberger, R. M., Ekstrom, K., EL Andaloussi, S., Elie-Caille, C., Erdbrugger, U., Falcon-Perez, J. M., Fatima, F., Fish, J. E., Flores-Bellver, M., Forsonits, A., Frelet-Barrand, A., Fricke, F., Fuhrmann, G., Gabrielsson, S., Gamez-Valero, A., Gardiner, C., Gartner, K., Gaudin, R., Gho, Y. S., Giebel, B., Gilbert, C., Gimona, M., Giusti, I., Goberdhan, D. C. I., Gorgens, A., Gorski, S. M., Greening, D. W., Gross, J. C., Gualerzi, A., Gupta, G. N., Gustafson, D., Handberg, A., Haraszti, R. A., Harrison, P., Hegyesi, H., Hendrix, A., Hill, A. F., Hochberg, F. H., Hoffmann, K. F., Holder, B., Holthofer, H., Hosseinkhani, B., Hu, G., Huang, Y., Huber, V., Hunt, S., Ibrahim, A. G. -E., Ikezu, T., Inal, J. M., Isin, M., Ivanova, A., Jackson, H. K., Jacobsen, S., Jay, S. M., Jayachandran, M., Jenster, G., Jiang, L., Johnson, S. M., Jones, J. C., Jong, A., Jovanovic-Talisman, T., Jung, S., Kalluri, R., Kano, S. -I., Kaur, S., Kawamura, Y., Keller, E. T., Khamari, D., Khomyakova, E., Khvorova, A., Kierulf, P., Kim, K. P., Kislinger, T., Klingeborn, M., Klinke, D. J., Kornek, M., Kosanovic, M. M., Kovacs, A. F., Kramer-Albers, E. -M., Krasemann, S., Krause, M., Kurochkin, I. V., Kusuma, G. D., Kuypers, S., Laitinen, S., Langevin, S. M., Languino, L. R., Lannigan, J., Lasser, C., Laurent, L. C., Lavieu, G., Lazaro-Ibanez, E., Le Lay, S., Lee, M. -S., Lee, Y. X. F., Lemos, D. S., Lenassi, M., Leszczynska, A., Li, I. T. S., Liao, K., Libregts, S. F., Ligeti, E., Lim, R., Lim, S. K., Line, A., Linnemannstons, K., Llorente, A., Lombard, C. A., Lorenowicz, M. J., Lorincz, A. M., Lotvall, J., Lovett, J., Lowry, M. C., Loyer, X., Lu, Q., Lukomska, B., Lunavat, T. R., Maas, S. L. N., Malhi, H., Marcilla, A., Mariani, J., Mariscal, J., Martens-Uzunova, E. S., Martin-Jaular, L., Martinez, M. C., Martins, V. R., Mathieu, M., Mathivanan, S., Maugeri, M., Mcginnis, L. K., Mcvey, M. J., Meckes, D. G., Meehan, K. L., Mertens, I., Minciacchi, V. R., Moller, A., Moller Jorgensen, M., Morales-Kastresana, A., Morhayim, J., Mullier, F., Muraca, M., Musante, L., Mussack, V., Muth, D. C., Myburgh, K. H., Najrana, T., Nawaz, M., Nazarenko, I., Nejsum, P., Neri, C., Neri, T., Nieuwland, R., Nimrichter, L., Nolan, J. P., Nolte-'t Hoen, E. N. M., Noren Hooten, N., O'Driscoll, L., O'Grady, T., O'Loghlen, A., Ochiya, T., Olivier, M., Ortiz, A., Ortiz, L. A., Osteikoetxea, X., Ostegaard, O., Ostrowski, M., Park, J., Pegtel, D. M., Peinado, H., Perut, F., Pfaffl, M. W., Phinney, D. G., Pieters, B. C. H., Pink, R. C., Pisetsky, D. S., Pogge von Strandmann, E., Polakovicova, I., Poon, I. K. H., Powell, B. H., Prada, I., Pulliam, L., Quesenberry, P., Radeghieri, A., Raffai, R. L., Raimondo, S., Rak, J., Ramirez, M. I., Raposo, G., Rayyan, M. S., Regev-Rudzki, N., Ricklefs, F. L., Robbins, P. D., Roberts, D. D., Rodrigues, S. C., Rohde, E., Rome, S., Rouschop, K. M. A., Rughetti, A., Russell, A. E., Saa, P., Sahoo, S., Salas-Huenuleo, E., Sanchez, C., Saugstad, J. A., Saul, M. J., Schiffelers, R. M., Schneider, R., Schoyen, T. H., Scott, A., Shahaj, E., Sharma, S., Shatnyeva, O., Shekari, F., Shelke, G. V., Shetty, A. K., Shiba, K., Siljander, P. R. -M., Silva, A. M., Skowronek, A., Snyder, O. L., Soares, R. P., Sodar, B. W., Soekmadji, C., Sotillo, J., Stahl, P. D., Stoorvogel, W., Stott, S. L., Strasser, E. F., Swift, S., Tahara, H., Tewari, M., Timms, K., Tiwari, S., Tixeira, R., Tkach, M., Toh, W. S., Tomasini, R., Torrecilhas, A. C., Tosar, J. P., Toxavidis, V., Urbanelli, L., Vader, P., van Balkom, B. W. M., van der Grein, S. G., Van Deun, J., van Herwijnen, M. J. C., Van Keuren-Jensen, K., van Niel, G., van Royen, M. E., van Wijnen, A. J., Vasconcelos, M. H., Vechetti, I. J., Veit, T. D., Vella, L. J., Velot, E., Verweij, F. J., Vestad, B., Vinas, J. L., Visnovitz, T., Vukman, K. V., Wahlgren, J., Watson, D. C., Wauben, M. H. M., Weaver, A., Webber, J. P., Weber, V., Wehman, A. M., Weiss, D. J., Welsh, J. A., Wendt, S., Wheelock, A. M., Wiener, Z., Witte, L., Wolfram, J., Xagorari, A., Xander, P., Xu, J., Yan, X., Yanez-Mo, M., Yin, H., Yuana, Y., Zappulli, V., Zarubova, J., Zekas, V., Zhang, J. -Y., Zhao, Z., Zheng, L., Zheutlin, A. R., Zickler, A. M., Zimmermann, P., Zivkovic, A. M., Zocco, D., Zuba-Surma, E. K., dB&C I&I, LS Celbiologie-Algemeen, Celbiologie, Afd Pharmaceutics, Sub General Pharmaceutics, Sub Biomol.Mass Spect. and Proteomics, Afd Pharmacology, CCA - Imaging and biomarkers, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms

Subjects
ectosome, ectosomes, exosomes, extracellular vesicles, guidelines, microparticles, microvesicles, minimal information requirements, reproducibility, rigor, standardization, Histology, Cell Biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], size-exclusion, Medicine and Health Sciences, CELL-DERIVED MICROPARTICLES, FIELD-FLOW FRACTIONATION, requirements, circulating, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, lcsh:Cytology, PROSTATE-CANCER, microparticle, Cell interaction, microvesicle, chromatography, Position Paper, guideline, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, ectosomes, exosomes, extracellular vesicles, guidelines, microparticles, microvesicles, minimal information requirements, reproducibility, rigor, standardization, MEMBRANE-VESICLES, FETAL BOVINE, Ectosomes, Exosomes, Extracellular Vesicles, Guidelines, Microparticles, Microvesicles, Minimal Information Requirements, Reproducibility, Rigor, Standardization, CIRCULATING MICROPARTICLES, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, ddc:570, exosome, SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE, ddc:610, lcsh:QH573-671, Biology, Interacció cel·lular, Science & Technology, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/mcrc, Cell membranes, HUMAN URINARY EXOSOMES, PREANALYTICAL PARAMETERS, minimal information requirement, SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY, 1182 Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, extracellular vesicle, Human medicine, Membranes cel·lulars
Abstract

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles ("MISEV") guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these "MISEV2014" guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.

Published
2018

4. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

Author

Théry, Clotilde, Witwer, Kenneth W., Aikawa, Elena, Alcaraz, Maria Jose, Anderson, Johnathon D., Andriantsitohaina, Ramaroson, Antoniou, Anna, Arab, Tanina, Archer, Fabienne, Atkin-Smith, Georgia K., Ayre, D Craig, Bach, Jean-Marie, Bachurski, Daniel, Baharvand, Hossein, Balaj, Leonora, Baldacchino, Shawn, Bauer, Natalie N., Baxter, Amy A., Bebawy, Mary, Beckham, Carla, Bedina Zavec, Apolonija, Benmoussa, Abderrahim, Berardi, Anna C., Bergese, Paolo, Bielska, Ewa, Blenkiron, Cherie, Bobis-Wozowicz, Sylwia, Boilard, Eric, Boireau, Wilfrid, Bongiovanni, Antonella, Borràs, Francesc E., Bosch, Steffi, Boulanger, Chantal M., Breakefield, Xandra, Breglio, Andrew M., Brennan, Meadhbh Á., Brigstock, David R., Brisson, Alain, Broekman, Marike Ld., Bromberg, Jacqueline F., Bryl-Górecka, Paulina, Buch, Shilpa, Buck, Amy H., Burger, Dylan, Busatto, Sara, Buschmann, Dominik, Bussolati, Benedetta, Buzás, Edit I., Byrd, James Bryan, Camussi, Giovanni, Carter, David Rf., Caruso, Sarah, Chamley, Lawrence W., Chang, Yu-Ting, Chen, Chihchen, Chen, Shuai, Cheng, Lesley, Chin, Andrew R., Clayton, Aled, Clerici, Stefano P., Cocks, Alex, Cocucci, Emanuele, Coffey, Robert J., Cordeiro-Da-Silva, Anabela, Couch, Yvonne, Coumans, Frank Aw., Coyle, Beth, Crescitelli, Rossella, Criado, Miria Ferreira, D'Souza-Schorey, Crislyn, Das, Saumya, Datta Chaudhuri, Amrita, De Candia, Paola, De Santana, Eliezer F., De Wever, Olivier, Del Portillo, Hernando A., Demaret, Tanguy, Deville, Sarah, Devitt, Andrew, Dhondt, Bert, Di Vizio, Dolores, Dieterich, Lothar C., Dolo, Vincenza, Dominguez Rubio, Ana Paula, Dominici, Massimo, Dourado, Mauricio R., Driedonks, Tom Ap., Duarte, Filipe V., Duncan, Heather M., Eichenberger, Ramon M., Ekström, Karin, El Andaloussi, Samir, Elie-Caille, Celine, Erdbrügger, Uta, Falcón-Pérez, Juan M., Fatima, Farah, Fish, Jason E., Flores-Bellver, Miguel, Försönits, András, Frelet-Barrand, Annie, Fricke, Fabia, Fuhrmann, Gregor, Gabrielsson, Susanne, Gámez-Valero, Ana, Gardiner, Chris, Gärtner, Kathrin, Gaudin, Raphael, Gho, Yong Song, Giebel, Bernd, Gilbert, Caroline, Gimona, Mario, Giusti, Ilaria, Goberdhan, Deborah Ci, Görgens, André, Gorski, Sharon M., Greening, David W., Gross, Julia Christina, Gualerzi, Alice, Gupta, Gopal N., Gustafson, Dakota, Handberg, Aase, Haraszti, Reka A., Harrison, Paul, Hegyesi, Hargita, Hendrix, An, Hill, Andrew F., Hochberg, Fred H., Hoffmann, Karl F., Holder, Beth, Holthofer, Harry, Hosseinkhani, Baharak, Hu, Guoku, Huang, Yiyao, Huber, Veronica, Hunt, Stuart, Ibrahim, Ahmed Gamal-Eldin, Ikezu, Tsuneya, Inal, Jameel M., Isin, Mustafa, Ivanova, Alena, Jackson, Hannah K., Jacobsen, Soren, Jay, Steven M, Jayachandran, Muthuvel, Jenster, Guido, Jiang, Lanzhou, Johnson, Suzanne M., Jones, Jennifer C., Jong, Ambrose, Jovanovic-Talisman, Tijana, Jung, Stephanie, Kalluri, Raghu, Kano, Shin-Ichi, Kaur, Sukhbir, Kawamura, Yumi, Keller, Evan T., Khamari, Delaram, Khomyakova, Elena, Khvorova, Anastasia, Kierulf, Peter, Kim, Kwang Pyo, Kislinger, Thomas, Klingeborn, Mikael, Klinke, David J., Kornek, Miroslaw, Kosanović, Maja M., Kovács, Árpád Ferenc, Krämer-Albers, Eva-Maria, Krasemann, Susanne, Krause, Mirja, Kurochkin, Igor V., Kusuma, Gina D., Kuypers, Sören, Laitinen, Saara, Langevin, Scott M., Languino, Lucia R., Lannigan, Joanne, Lässer, Cecilia, Laurent, Louise C., Lavieu, Gregory, Lázaro-Ibáñez, Elisa, Le Lay, Soazig, Lee, Myung-Shin, Lee, Yi Xin Fiona, Lemos, Debora S., Lenassi, Metka, Leszczynska, Aleksandra, Li, Isaac Ts, Liao, Ke, Libregts, Sten F., Ligeti, Erzsebet, Lim, Rebecca, Lim, Sai Kiang, Linē, Aija, Linnemannstöns, Karen, Llorente, Alicia, Lombard, Catherine A., Lorenowicz, Magdalena J., Lörincz, Ákos M., Lötvall, Jan, Lovett, Jason, Lowry, Michelle C., Loyer, Xavier, Lu, Quan, Lukomska, Barbara, Lunavat, Taral R., Maas, Sybren Ln, Malhi, Harmeet, Marcilla, Antonio, Mariani, Jacopo, Mariscal, Javier, Martens-Uzunova, Elena S., Martin-Jaular, Lorena, Martinez, M Carmen, Martins, Vilma Regina, Mathieu, Mathilde, Mathivanan, Suresh, Maugeri, Marco, McGinnis, Lynda K., McVey, Mark J., Meckes, David G., Meehan, Katie L., Mertens, Inge, Minciacchi, Valentina R., Möller, Andreas, Møller Jørgensen, Malene, Morales-Kastresana, Aizea, Morhayim, Jess, Mullier, François, Muraca, Maurizio, Musante, Luca, Mussack, Veronika, Muth, Dillon C., Myburgh, Kathryn H., Najrana, Tanbir, Nawaz, Muhammad, Nazarenko, Irina, Nejsum, Peter, Neri, Christian, Neri, Tommaso, Nieuwland, Rienk, Nimrichter, Leonardo, Nolan, John P., Nolte-'T Hoen, Esther Nm, Noren Hooten, Nicole, O'Driscoll, Lorraine, O'Grady, Tina, O'Loghlen, Ana, Ochiya, Takahiro, Olivier, Martin, Ortiz, Alberto, Ortiz, Luis A., Osteikoetxea, Xabier, Østergaard, Ole, Ostrowski, Matias, Park, Jaesung, Pegtel, D Michiel, Peinado, Hector, Perut, Francesca, Pfaffl, Michael W., Phinney, Donald G., Pieters, Bartijn Ch., Pink, Ryan C., Pisetsky, David S., Pogge Von Strandmann, Elke, Polakovicova, Iva, Poon, Ivan Kh, Powell, Bonita H., Prada, Ilaria, Pulliam, Lynn, Quesenberry, Peter, Radeghieri, Annalisa, Raffai, Robert L., Raimondo, Stefania, Rak, Janusz, Ramirez, Marcel I., Raposo, Graça, Rayyan, Morsi S., Regev-Rudzki, Neta, Ricklefs, Franz L., Robbins, Paul D., Roberts, David D., Rodrigues, Silvia C., Rohde, Eva, Rome, Sophie, Rouschop, Kasper Ma, Rughetti, Aurelia, Russell, Ashley E., Saá, Paula, Sahoo, Susmita, Salas-Huenuleo, Edison, Sánchez, Catherine, Saugstad, Julie A., Saul, Meike J., Schiffelers, Raymond M., Schneider, Raphael, Schøyen, Tine Hiorth, Scott, Aaron, Shahaj, Eriomina, Sharma, Shivani, Shatnyeva, Olga, Shekari, Faezeh, Shelke, Ganesh Vilas, Shetty, Ashok K., Shiba, Kiyotaka, Siljander, Pia R-M, Silva, Andreia M., Skowronek, Agata, Snyder, Orman L., Soares, Rodrigo Pedro, Sódar, Barbara W., Soekmadji, Carolina, Sotillo, Javier, Stahl, Philip D., Stoorvogel, Willem, Stott, Shannon L., Strasser, Erwin F., Swift, Simon, Tahara, Hidetoshi, Tewari, Muneesh, Timms, Kate, Tiwari, Swasti, Tixeira, Rochelle, Tkach, Mercedes, Toh, Wei Seong, Tomasini, Richard, Torrecilhas, Ana Claudia, Tosar, Juan Pablo, Toxavidis, Vasilis, Urbanelli, Lorena, Vader, Pieter, Van Balkom, Bas Wm, Van Der Grein, Susanne G., Van Deun, Jan, Van Herwijnen, Martijn Jc, Van Keuren-Jensen, Kendall, Van Niel, Guillaume, Van Royen, Martin E., Van Wijnen, Andre J., Vasconcelos, M Helena, Vechetti, Ivan J., Veit, Tiago D., Vella, Laura J., Velot, Émilie, Verweij, Frederik J., Vestad, Beate, Viñas, Jose L., Visnovitz, Tamás, Vukman, Krisztina V., Wahlgren, Jessica, Watson, Dionysios C., Wauben, Marca Hm, Weaver, Alissa, Webber, Jason P., Weber, Viktoria, Wehman, Ann M., Weiss, Daniel J., Welsh, Joshua A., Wendt, Sebastian, Wheelock, Asa M., Wiener, Zoltán, Witte, Leonie, Wolfram, Joy, Xagorari, Angeliki, Xander, Patricia, Xu, Jing, Yan, Xiaomei, Yáñez-Mó, María, Yin, Hang, Yuana, Yuana, Zappulli, Valentina, Zarubova, Jana, Žėkas, Vytautas, Zhang, Jian-Ye, Zhao, Zezhou, Zheng, Lei, Zheutlin, Alexander R., Zickler, Antje M., Zimmermann, Pascale, Zivkovic, Angela M., Zocco, Davide, and Zuba-Surma, Ewa K.

Subjects
3. Good health

5. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

Author

Théry, Clotilde, Witwer, Kenneth W, Aikawa, Elena, Alcaraz, Maria Jose, Anderson, Johnathon D, Andriantsitohaina, Ramaroson, Antoniou, Anna, Arab, Tanina, Archer, Fabienne, Atkin-Smith, Georgia K, Ayre, D Craig, Bach, Jean-Marie, Bachurski, Daniel, Baharvand, Hossein, Balaj, Leonora, Baldacchino, Shawn, Bauer, Natalie N, Baxter, Amy A, Bebawy, Mary, Beckham, Carla, Bedina Zavec, Apolonija, Benmoussa, Abderrahim, Berardi, Anna C, Bergese, Paolo, Bielska, Ewa, Blenkiron, Cherie, Bobis-Wozowicz, Sylwia, Boilard, Eric, Boireau, Wilfrid, Bongiovanni, Antonella, Borràs, Francesc E, Bosch, Steffi, Boulanger, Chantal M, Breakefield, Xandra, Breglio, Andrew M, Brennan, Meadhbh Á, Brigstock, David R, Brisson, Alain, Broekman, Marike LD, Bromberg, Jacqueline F, Bryl-Górecka, Paulina, Buch, Shilpa, Buck, Amy H, Burger, Dylan, Busatto, Sara, Buschmann, Dominik, Bussolati, Benedetta, Buzás, Edit I, Byrd, James Bryan, Camussi, Giovanni, Carter, David RF, Caruso, Sarah, Chamley, Lawrence W, Chang, Yu-Ting, Chen, Chihchen, Chen, Shuai, Cheng, Lesley, Chin, Andrew R, Clayton, Aled, Clerici, Stefano P, Cocks, Alex, Cocucci, Emanuele, Coffey, Robert J, Cordeiro-Da-Silva, Anabela, Couch, Yvonne, Coumans, Frank AW, Coyle, Beth, Crescitelli, Rossella, Criado, Miria Ferreira, D’Souza-Schorey, Crislyn, Das, Saumya, Datta Chaudhuri, Amrita, De Candia, Paola, De Santana, Eliezer F, De Wever, Olivier, Del Portillo, Hernando A, Demaret, Tanguy, Deville, Sarah, Devitt, Andrew, Dhondt, Bert, Di Vizio, Dolores, Dieterich, Lothar C, Dolo, Vincenza, Dominguez Rubio, Ana Paula, Dominici, Massimo, Dourado, Mauricio R, Driedonks, Tom AP, Duarte, Filipe V, Duncan, Heather M, Eichenberger, Ramon M, Ekström, Karin, EL Andaloussi, Samir, Elie-Caille, Celine, Erdbrügger, Uta, Falcón-Pérez, Juan M, Fatima, Farah, Fish, Jason E, Flores-Bellver, Miguel, Försönits, András, Frelet-Barrand, Annie, Fricke, Fabia, Fuhrmann, Gregor, Gabrielsson, Susanne, Gámez-Valero, Ana, Gardiner, Chris, Gärtner, Kathrin, Gaudin, Raphael, Gho, Yong Song, Giebel, Bernd, Gilbert, Caroline, Gimona, Mario, Giusti, Ilaria, Goberdhan, Deborah CI, Görgens, André, Gorski, Sharon M, Greening, David W, Gross, Julia Christina, Gualerzi, Alice, Gupta, Gopal N, Gustafson, Dakota, Handberg, Aase, Haraszti, Reka A, Harrison, Paul, Hegyesi, Hargita, Hendrix, An, Hill, Andrew F, Hochberg, Fred H, Hoffmann, Karl F, Holder, Beth, Holthofer, Harry, Hosseinkhani, Baharak, Hu, Guoku, Huang, Yiyao, Huber, Veronica, Hunt, Stuart, Ibrahim, Ahmed Gamal-Eldin, Ikezu, Tsuneya, Inal, Jameel M, Isin, Mustafa, Ivanova, Alena, Jackson, Hannah K, Jacobsen, Soren, Jay, Steven M, Jayachandran, Muthuvel, Jenster, Guido, Jiang, Lanzhou, Johnson, Suzanne M, Jones, Jennifer C, Jong, Ambrose, Jovanovic-Talisman, Tijana, Jung, Stephanie, Kalluri, Raghu, Kano, Shin-Ichi, Kaur, Sukhbir, Kawamura, Yumi, Keller, Evan T, Khamari, Delaram, Khomyakova, Elena, Khvorova, Anastasia, Kierulf, Peter, Kim, Kwang Pyo, Kislinger, Thomas, Klingeborn, Mikael, Klinke, David J, Kornek, Miroslaw, Kosanović, Maja M, Kovács, Árpád Ferenc, Krämer-Albers, Eva-Maria, Krasemann, Susanne, Krause, Mirja, Kurochkin, Igor V, Kusuma, Gina D, Kuypers, Sören, Laitinen, Saara, Langevin, Scott M, Languino, Lucia R, Lannigan, Joanne, Lässer, Cecilia, Laurent, Louise C, Lavieu, Gregory, Lázaro-Ibáñez, Elisa, Le Lay, Soazig, Lee, Myung-Shin, Lee, Yi Xin Fiona, Lemos, Debora S, Lenassi, Metka, Leszczynska, Aleksandra, Li, Isaac TS, Liao, Ke, Libregts, Sten F, Ligeti, Erzsebet, Lim, Rebecca, Lim, Sai Kiang, Linē, Aija, Linnemannstöns, Karen, Llorente, Alicia, Lombard, Catherine A, Lorenowicz, Magdalena J, Lörincz, Ákos M, Lötvall, Jan, Lovett, Jason, Lowry, Michelle C, Loyer, Xavier, Lu, Quan, Lukomska, Barbara, Lunavat, Taral R, Maas, Sybren LN, Malhi, Harmeet, Marcilla, Antonio, Mariani, Jacopo, Mariscal, Javier, Martens-Uzunova, Elena S, Martin-Jaular, Lorena, Martinez, M Carmen, Martins, Vilma Regina, Mathieu, Mathilde, Mathivanan, Suresh, Maugeri, Marco, McGinnis, Lynda K, McVey, Mark J, Meckes, David G, Meehan, Katie L, Mertens, Inge, Minciacchi, Valentina R, Möller, Andreas, Møller Jørgensen, Malene, Morales-Kastresana, Aizea, Morhayim, Jess, Mullier, François, Muraca, Maurizio, Musante, Luca, Mussack, Veronika, Muth, Dillon C, Myburgh, Kathryn H, Najrana, Tanbir, Nawaz, Muhammad, Nazarenko, Irina, Nejsum, Peter, Neri, Christian, Neri, Tommaso, Nieuwland, Rienk, Nimrichter, Leonardo, Nolan, John P, Nolte-’T Hoen, Esther NM, Noren Hooten, Nicole, O’Driscoll, Lorraine, O’Grady, Tina, O’Loghlen, Ana, Ochiya, Takahiro, Olivier, Martin, Ortiz, Alberto, Ortiz, Luis A, Osteikoetxea, Xabier, Ostegaard, Ole, Ostrowski, Matias, Park, Jaesung, Pegtel, D. Michiel, Peinado, Hector, Perut, Francesca, Pfaffl, Michael W, Phinney, Donald G, Pieters, Bartijn CH, Pink, Ryan C, Pisetsky, David S, Pogge Von Strandmann, Elke, Polakovicova, Iva, Poon, Ivan KH, Powell, Bonita H, Prada, Ilaria, Pulliam, Lynn, Quesenberry, Peter, Radeghieri, Annalisa, Raffai, Robert L, Raimondo, Stefania, Rak, Janusz, Ramirez, Marcel I, Raposo, Graça, Rayyan, Morsi S, Regev-Rudzki, Neta, Ricklefs, Franz L, Robbins, Paul D, Roberts, David D, Rodrigues, Silvia C, Rohde, Eva, Rome, Sophie, Rouschop, Kasper MA, Rughetti, Aurelia, Russell, Ashley E, Saá, Paula, Sahoo, Susmita, Salas-Huenuleo, Edison, Sánchez, Catherine, Saugstad, Julie A, Saul, Meike J, Schiffelers, Raymond M, Schneider, Raphael, Schøyen, Tine Hiorth, Scott, Aaron, Shahaj, Eriomina, Sharma, Shivani, Shatnyeva, Olga, Shekari, Faezeh, Shelke, Ganesh Vilas, Shetty, Ashok K, Shiba, Kiyotaka, Siljander, Pia R-M, Silva, Andreia M, Skowronek, Agata, Snyder, Orman L, Soares, Rodrigo Pedro, Sódar, Barbara W, Soekmadji, Carolina, Sotillo, Javier, Stahl, Philip D, Stoorvogel, Willem, Stott, Shannon L, Strasser, Erwin F, Swift, Simon, Tahara, Hidetoshi, Tewari, Muneesh, Timms, Kate, Tiwari, Swasti, Tixeira, Rochelle, Tkach, Mercedes, Toh, Wei Seong, Tomasini, Richard, Torrecilhas, Ana Claudia, Tosar, Juan Pablo, Toxavidis, Vasilis, Urbanelli, Lorena, Vader, Pieter, Van Balkom, Bas WM, Van Der Grein, Susanne G, Van Deun, Jan, Van Herwijnen, Martijn JC, Van Keuren-Jensen, Kendall, Van Niel, Guillaume, Van Royen, Martin E, Van Wijnen, Andre J, Vasconcelos, M Helena, Vechetti, Ivan J, Veit, Tiago D, Vella, Laura J, Velot, Émilie, Verweij, Frederik J, Vestad, Beate, Viñas, Jose L, Visnovitz, Tamás, Vukman, Krisztina V, Wahlgren, Jessica, Watson, Dionysios C, Wauben, Marca HM, Weaver, Alissa, Webber, Jason P, Weber, Viktoria, Wehman, Ann M, Weiss, Daniel J, Welsh, Joshua A, Wendt, Sebastian, Wheelock, Asa M, Wiener, Zoltán, Witte, Leonie, Wolfram, Joy, Xagorari, Angeliki, Xander, Patricia, Xu, Jing, Yan, Xiaomei, Yáñez-Mó, María, Yin, Hang, Yuana, Yuana, Zappulli, Valentina, Zarubova, Jana, Žėkas, Vytautas, Zhang, Jian-Ye, Zhao, Zezhou, Zheng, Lei, Zheutlin, Alexander R, Zickler, Antje M, Zimmermann, Pascale, Zivkovic, Angela M, Zocco, Davide, and Zuba-Surma, Ewa K

Subjects
3. Good health
Abstract

Journal of extracellular vesicles 7(1), 1535750 (2018). doi:10.1080/20013078.2018.1535750, Published by Co-Action Publ., [S.l.]

6. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

Author

Thery, Clotilde, Witwer, Kenneth W, Aikawa, Elena, Alcaraz, Maria Jose, Anderson, Johnathon D, Andriantsitohaina, Ramaroson, Antoniou, Anna, Arab, Tanina, Archer, Fabienne, Atkin-Smith, Georgia, Ayre, D Craig, Bach, Jean-Marie, Bachurski, Daniel, Baharvand, Hossein, Balaj, Leonora, Baldacchino, Shawn, Bauer, Natalie N, Baxter, Amy, Bebawy, Mary, Beckham, Carla, Zavec, Apolonija Bedina, Benmoussa, Abderrahim, Berardi, Anna C, Bergese, Paolo, Bielska, Ewa, Blenkiron, Cherie, Bobis-Wozowicz, Sylwia, Boilard, Eric, Boireau, Wilfrid, Bongiovanni, Antonella, Borras, Francesc E, Bosch, Steffi, Boulanger, Chantal M, Breakefield, Xandra, Breglio, Andrew M, Brennan, Meadhbh A, Brigstock, David R, Brisson, Alain, Broekman, Marike LD, Bromberg, Jacqueline F, Bryl-Gorecka, Paulina, Buch, Shilpa, Buck, Amy H, Burger, Dylan, Busatto, Sara, Buschmann, Dominik, Bussolati, Benedetta, Buzas, Edit, Byrd, James Bryan, Camussi, Giovanni, Carter, David RF, Caruso, Sarah, Chamley, Lawrence W, Chang, Yu-Ting, Chen, Chihchen, Chen, Shuai, Sim, Lesley, Chin, Andrew R, Clayton, Aled, Clerici, Stefano P, Cocks, Alex, Cocucci, Emanuele, Coffey, Robert J, Cordeiro-da-Silva, Anabela, Couch, Yvonne, Coumans, Frank AW, Coyle, Beth, Crescitelli, Rossella, Criado, Miria Ferreira, D'Souza-Schorey, Crislyn, Das, Saumya, Chaudhuri, Amrita Datta, de Candia, Paola, De Santana Junior, Eliezer F, De Wever, Olivier, del Portillo, Hernando A, Demaret, Tanguy, Deville, Sarah, Devitt, Andrew, Dhondt, Bert, Di Vizio, Dolores, Dieterich, Lothar C, Dolo, Vincenza, Rubio, Ana Paula Dominguez, Dominici, Massimo, Dourado, Mauricio R, Driedonks, Tom AP, Duarte, Filipe, Duncan, Heather M, Eichenberger, Ramon M, Ekstrom, Karin, Andaloussi, Samir EL, Elie-Caille, Celine, Erdbrugger, Uta, Falcon-Perez, Juan M, Fatima, Farah, Fish, Jason E, Flores-Bellver, Miguel, Forsonits, Andras, Frelet-Barrand, Annie, Fricke, Fabia, Fuhrmann, Gregor, Gabrielsson, Susanne, Gamez-Valero, Ana, Gardiner, Chris, Gaertner, Kathrin, Gaudin, Raphael, Gho, Yong Song, Giebel, Bernd, Gilbert, Caroline, Gimona, Mario, Giusti, Ilaria, Goberdhan, Deborah C, Goergens, Andre, Gorski, Sharon M, Greening, David, Gross, Julia Christina, Gualerzi, Alice, Gupta, Gopal N, Gustafson, Dakota, Handberg, Aase, Haraszti, Reka A, Harrison, Paul, Hegyesi, Hargita, Hendrix, An, Hill, Andrew, Hochberg, Fred H, Hoffmann, Karl F, Holder, Beth, Holthofer, Harry, Hosseinkhani, Baharak, Hu, Guoku, Huang, Yiyao, Huber, Veronica, Hunt, Stuart, Ibrahim, Ahmed Gamal-Eldin, Ikezu, Tsuneya, Inal, Jameel M, Isin, Mustafa, Ivanova, Alena, Jackson, Hannah K, Jacobsen, Soren, Jay, Steven M, Jayachandran, Muthuvel, Jenster, Guido, Jiang, Lanzhou, Johnson, Suzanne M, Jones, Jennifer C, Jong, Ambrose, Jovanovic-Talisman, Tijana, Jung, Stephanie, Kalluri, Raghu, Kano, Shin-ichi, Kaur, Sukhbir, Kawamura, Yumi, Keller, Evan T, Khamari, Delaram, Khomyakova, Elena, Khvorova, Anastasia, Kierulf, Peter, Kim, Kwang Pyo, Kislinger, Thomas, Klingeborn, Mikael, Klinke, David J, Kornek, Miroslaw, Kosanovic, Maja M, Kovacs, Arpad Ferenc, Kraemer-Albers, Eva-Maria, Krasemann, Susanne, Krause, Mirja, Kurochkin, Igor, Kusuma, Gina D, Kuypers, Soren, Laitinen, Saara, Langevin, Scott M, Languino, Lucia R, Lannigan, Joanne, Lasser, Cecilia, Laurent, Louise C, Lavieu, Gregory, Lazaro-Ibanez, Elisa, Le Lay, Soazig, Lee, Myung-Shin, Lee, Yi Xin Fiona, Lemos, Debora S, Lenassi, Metka, Leszczynska, Aleksandra, Li, Isaac TS, Liao, Ke, Libregts, Sten F, Ligeti, Erzsebet, Lim, Rebecca, Lim, Sai Kiang, Line, Aija, Linnemannstoens, Karen, Llorente, Alicia, Lombard, Catherine A, Lorenowicz, Magdalena J, Lorincz, Akos M, Lotvall, Jan, Lovett, Jason, Lowry, Michelle C, Loyer, Xavier, Lu, Quan, Lukomska, Barbara, Lunavat, Taral R, Maas, Sybren LN, Malhi, Harmeet, Marcilla, Antonio, Mariani, Jacopo, Mariscal, Javier, Martens-Uzunova, Elena S, Martin-Jaular, Lorena, Martinez, M Carmen, Martins, Vilma Regina, Mathieu, Mathilde, Mathivanan, Suresh, Maugeri, Marco, McGinnis, Lynda K, McVey, Mark J, Meckes, David G, Meehan, Katie L, Mertens, Inge, Minciacchi, Valentina R, Moller, Andreas, Jorgensen, Malene Moller, Morales-Kastresana, Aizea, Morhayim, Jess, Mullier, Francois, Muraca, Maurizio, Musante, Luca, Mussack, Veronika, Muth, Dillon C, Myburgh, Kathryn H, Najrana, Tanbir, Nawaz, Muhammad, Nazarenko, Irina, Nejsum, Peter, Neri, Christian, Neri, Tommaso, Nieuwland, Rienk, Nimrichter, Leonardo, Nolan, John P, Hoen, Esther NM Nolte-'t, Hooten, Nicole Noren, O'Driscoll, Lorraine, O'Grady, Tina, O'Loghlen, Ana, Ochiya, Takahiro, Olivier, Martin, Ortiz, Alberto, Ortiz, Luis A, Osteikoetxea, Xabier, Ostegaard, Ole, Ostrowski, Matias, Park, Jaesung, Pegtel, D Michiel, Peinado, Hector, Perut, Francesca, Pfaffl, Michael W, Phinney, Donald G, Pieters, Bartijn CH, Pink, Ryan C, Pisetsky, David S, von Strandmann, Elke Pogge, Polakovicova, Iva, Poon, Ivan, Powell, Bonita H, Prada, Ilaria, Pulliam, Lynn, Quesenberry, Peter, Radeghieri, Annalisa, Raffai, Robert L, Raimondo, Stefania, Rak, Janusz, Ramirez, Marcel, Raposo, Graca, Rayyan, Morsi S, Regev-Rudzki, Neta, Ricklefs, Franz L, Robbins, Paul D, Roberts, David D, Rodrigues, Silvia C, Rohde, Eva, Rome, Sophie, Rouschop, Kasper MA, Rughetti, Aurelia, Russell, Ashley E, Saa, Paula, Sahoo, Susmita, Salas-Huenuleo, Edison, Sanchez, Catherine, Saugstad, Julie A, Saul, Meike J, Schiffelers, Raymond M, Schneider, Raphael, Schoyen, Tine Hiorth, Scott, Aaron, Shahaj, Eriomina, Sharma, Shivani, Shatnyeva, Olga, Shekari, Faezeh, Shelke, Ganesh Vilas, Shetty, Ashok K, Shiba, Kiyotaka, Siljander, Pia R-M, Silva, Andreia M, Skowronek, Agata, Snyder, Orman L, Soares, Rodrigo Pedro, Sodar, Barbara W, Soekmadji, Carolina, Sotillo, Javier, Stahl, Philip D, Stoorvogel, Willem, Stott, Shannon L, Strasser, Erwin F, Swift, Simon, Tahara, Hidetoshi, Tewari, Muneesh, Timms, Kate, Tiwari, Swasti, Tixeira, Rochelle, Tkach, Mercedes, Toh, Wei Seong, Tomasini, Richard, Torrecilhas, Ana Claudia, Tosar, Juan Pablo, Toxavidis, Vasilis, Urbanelli, Lorena, Vader, Pieter, van Balkom, Bas WM, van der Grein, Susanne G, Van Deun, Jan, van Herwijnen, Martijn JC, Van Keuren-Jensen, Kendall, van Niel, Guillaume, van Royen, Martin E, van Wijnen, Andre J, Vasconcelos, M Helena, Vechetti, Ivan J, Veit, Tiago D, Vella, Laura J, Velot, Emilie, Verweij, Frederik J, Vestad, Beate, Vinas, Jose L, Visnovitz, Tamas, Vukman, Krisztina V, Wahlgren, Jessica, Watson, Dionysios C, Wauben, Marca HM, Weaver, Alissa, Webber, Jason P, Weber, Viktoria, Wehman, Ann M, Weiss, Daniel J, Welsh, Joshua A, Wendt, Sebastian, Wheelock, Asa M, Wiener, Zoltan, Witte, Leonie, Wolfram, Joy, Xagorari, Angeliki, Xander, Patricia, Xu, Jing, Yan, Xiaomei, Yanez-Mo, Maria, Yin, Hang, Yuana, Yuana, Zappulli, Valentina, Zarubova, Jana, Zekas, Vytautas, Zhang, Jian-ye, Zhao, Zezhou, Zheng, Lei, Zheutlin, Alexander R, Zickler, Antje M, Zimmermann, Pascale, Zivkovic, Angela M, Zocco, Davide, and Zuba-Surma, Ewa K

Subjects
3. Good health, Uncategorized
Abstract

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points.

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