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The European Union’s Farm-to-Fork Strategy sets out its ambitions and approach to how European’s value food sustainability, and the accompanying opportunities for improving the environment as well as the lifestyles and health of EU citizens. It identifies the role of agroecological approaches in primary production as one of the means by which these ambitions can be achieved, through new knowledge and innovations in land management and supply chains. This article concludes the Special Issue on the EU Horizon 2020 projects LIFT and UNISECO, synthesising requirements for the realisation of transitions to agroecology in Europe. It reports the key needs identified of developing human capital, partnerships, cooperation and social capital, access to data and tools, and the links between these needs and relevant EU and national level policies. Les systèmes alimentaires doivent être réorientés pour mieux prendre en compte les interactions avec l’environnement, l’économie, la santé et la société. Les transitions vers des pratiques et des systèmes agricoles agroécologiques peuvent relier les domaines de l’action publique et permettre d'atteindre des objectifs environnementaux, économiques et sociaux. Ces transitions fournissent une perspective pour examiner les politiques, les pratiques et les comportements des acteurs des systèmes agricoles et des chaînes de valeur, l’identifi cation des obstacles à l'adoption et les domaines d’action publique auxquels ils contribuent ou qui présentent des lacunes. Le développement du capital social et humain et de structures de gouvernance qui permettent les transitions vers l’agroécologie est la clé de leurs chances de succès. L’éducation et l’apprentissage tout au long de la carrière sont essentiels pour développer les connaissances et les compétences des jeunes générations de gestionnaires fonciers et d’autres acteurs des chaînes de valeur, tout au long de leur carrière. Le résultat recherché est une compréhension partagée des avantages des pratiques et des systèmes agroécologiques, créant des opportunités pour rééquilibrer les politiques vers la neutralité climatique, inverser la perte de biodiversité et renforcer les droits des citoyens. Pour concrétiser ces opportunités, les politiques et stratégies doivent être cohérentes à tous les niveaux territoriaux et systémiques, et adaptées au lieu, au système, aux personnes et aux étapes des transitions. Dans l’ensemble, elles devraient être conçus pour garantir que tous les citoyens bénéfi cient des transitions vers des systèmes agricoles agroécologiques, sur le long terme, et que personne ni aucun lieu ne soit désavantagé par les processus de changement ou les résultats escomptés. Die Lebensmittelsysteme müssen neu ausgerichtet werden, um den Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Umwelt, der Wirtschaft, der Gesundheit und der Gesellschaft stärker Rechnung zu tragen. Die Umstellung auf agrarökologische Anbaumethoden und - systeme kann die Politikbereiche miteinander verbinden und zur Erreichung ökologischer, wirtschaftlicher und sozialer Ziele beitragen. Sie bieten einen Ansatzpunkt für die Überprüfung der Politik, der Praxis und der Verhaltensweisen der Akteure in landwirtschaftlichen Systemen und Wertschöpfungsketten. Des Weiteren helfen sie bei der Ermittlung von Umsetzungsbarrieren und von Politikbereichen, zu denen sie beitragen oder in denen es Lücken gibt. Die Entwicklung von Sozial- und Humankapital sowie von Governance- Strukturen – die den Übergang zur Agrarökologie ermöglichen – sind ein wesentlicher Erfolgsfaktor. Bildung und lebenslanges Lernen sind ein zentraler Baustein, um die Kenntnisse und Fähigkeiten der jüngeren Generationen von Landwirten und Landwirtinnen und anderen Akteuren in den Wertschöpfungsketten zu entwickeln. Das angestrebte Ergebnis ist ein gemeinsames Verständnis über die Vorteile agrarökologischer Praktiken und Systeme. Dieses schafft Möglichkeiten für eine Neuausrichtung der Politik im Hinblick auf Klimaneutralität, Umkehrung des Verlusts der biologischen Vielfalt und Stärkung der Rechte der Bürger. Zur Verwirklichung der Möglichkeiten, sollten Politiken und Strategien über territoriale und Systemebenen hinweg kohärent und auf Ort, System, Menschen und Phasen des Übergangs zugeschnitten sein. Insgesamt sollten sie so konzipiert sein, dass alle Bürgerinnen und Bürger langfristig von der Umstellung auf agrarökologische Bewirtschaftungssysteme profi tieren und dass niemand oder kein Ort durch den Veränderungsprozess oder das angestrebte Ergebnis benachteiligt wird.

International audience; The HERACLES group and the US-DOE work jointly to develop dispersed U(Mo)/Al as LEU fuel for conversion of high performance research reactors. Within this frame, two irradiation programs are in progress. In the first, EMPIrE, mini-plates are tested in the ATR reactor (USA) and in the second, SEMPER FIDELIS, full-size plates are irradiated in BR2 (Belgium). In both experiments, U(Mo)/Al plates with optimized microstructure are tested under aggressive conditions. This paper focuses on analyses made at CEA Cadarache on seven fresh plates made of atomized particles, with or without Mo homogenization, and with ZrN coating. Five EMPIrE mini-plates and two SEMPER FIDELIS full-size plates were examined by Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). A particular attention is paid to the integrity of the ZrN coating (thickness, cracks) and to the U(Mo) particles microstructure.

International audience; To enhance the behavior of U-Mo based fuel plates under irradiation, it is currently proposed to optimize the microstructure of U-Mo fresh particles. These optimizations are twofold (grain coarsening and intragranular Mo homogenization). In this paper, further insights into the intrinsic kinetics of both mechanisms during thermal annealing are given. U-7Mo grain growth in atomized particles was investigated ex situ using Electron Backscattered Electron Diffraction (EBSD) [1]. Samples were selected from the EMPIrE and the KOMO-5 tests. It was found that EMPIrE annealing conditions (1000C during 1 hour) led to a significant grain growth (up to 33-35 µm) in good agreement with predictive modeling performed by ANL [2]. The initial U-7Mo grain size was 2-3 µm. Mo homogenization was followed in situ using neutron diffraction. Two sets of atomized U-7Mo powder were annealed under different conditions but up to comparable homogenization levels. Mo homogenization kinetics were derived. At the end of these treatments, both homogenized U-7Mo powders were tested at 450C i.e. to emulate fuel plate manufacturing conditions.

This study examines the effects of the EU biofuel policy on European agriculture. The requirements in terms of feedstock and arable land of the EU biofuel targets have been evaluated by assuming scenarios of different price levels for agricultural commodities and the possibility of the EU biofuel industry to be alternatively supplied by European crops or through import. The research has also investigated the technical adaptation of agricultural holdings, the consequences of the prospective CAP changes, and the impact on the EU food industry and on the environment (land resources, biodiversity, GHG balances, sustainable feedstock production).

We study the regression to the origin of a walker driven by dynamically generated fractional Brownian motion (FBM) and we prove that when the FBM scaling, i.e., the Hurst exponent H1/3 , the emerging inverse power law is characterized by a power index that is a compelling signature of the infinitely extended memory of the system. Strong memory effects leads to the relation H=θ/2 between the Hurst exponent and the persistent exponent θ , which is different from the widely used relation H=1-θ . The latter is valid for 1/3H1 and is known to be compatible with the renewal assumption.

The mPEBev is an anticancer regimen which combines a chemotherapy doublet, based on cisplatin and oral etoposide (mPE), with bevacizumab (mPEBev), a mAb targeting the vasculo-endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In previous studies, this regimen showed powerful anti-angiogenetic effects and significant antitumor activity in metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients. We also recorded the best benefit in patients exhibiting low-systemic inflammatory profile at baseline. On these bases, we hypothesized that mPEBev antitumor activity could be partially related to bevacizumab-associated immunological effects. For this reason, we performed an immunological monitoring in 59 out of 120 stage IIIb-IV NSCLC patients enrolled in the BEVA2007 phase II trial, who received fractioned cisplatin (30 mg/sqm days 1-3q21) and oral etoposide (50 mg, days 1-15q21) (mPE doublet) ±bevacizumab. In this group of patients, 12 received the mPE doublet alone and 47 the doublet in combination with bevacizumab (5 mg/kg on the day 3q21; mPEBev regimen). Blood cell counts, serum analysis, multiplex cytokine assay and immunocytofluorimetric analysis, performed on baseline and post-treatment on blood samples from these patients, revealed that bevacizumab addition to the doublet decreased levels of pro-angiogenic (VEGF, Angiostatin-1 and Follistatin) and inflammatory cytokines (interferon (IFN)γ, IL4 and IL17), improved in vivo and in vitro cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) response and promoted dendritic cell activation. These results suggest that the mPEBev regimen improve the micro-environmental conditions for an efficient antigen-specific CTL response, making it a feasible candidate regimen to be assessed in combination with immune-checkpoint inhibitors in NSCLC patients.

Purpose The service configuration with distinct child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) and adult mental health services (AMHS) may be a barrier to continuity of care. Because of a lack of transition policy, CAMHS clinicians have to decide whether and when a young person should transition to AMHS. This study describes which characteristics are associated with the clinicians’ advice to continue treatment at AMHS. Methods Demographic, family, clinical, treatment, and service-use characteristics of the MILESTONE cohort of 763 young people from 39 CAMHS in Europe were assessed using multi-informant and standardized assessment tools. Logistic mixed models were fitted to assess the relationship between these characteristics and clinicians’ transition recommendations. Results Young people with higher clinician-rated severity of psychopathology scores, with self- and parent-reported need for ongoing treatment, with lower everyday functional skills and without self-reported psychotic experiences were more likely to be recommended to continue treatment. Among those who had been recommended to continue treatment, young people who used psychotropic medication, who had been in CAMHS for more than a year, and for whom appropriate AMHS were available were more likely to be recommended to continue treatment at AMHS. Young people whose parents indicated a need for ongoing treatment were more likely to be recommended to stay in CAMHS. Conclusion Although the decision regarding continuity of treatment was mostly determined by a small set of clinical characteristics, the recommendation to continue treatment at AMHS was mostly affected by service-use related characteristics, such as the availability of appropriate services.

The role of culture in connection with the development of food and bioeconomy issues has gained growing importance in recent years. In this editorial we provide background information on the three key topics addressed by the papers published in this special issue: cultural ecosystem services, cultural issues in the organisation of food chains, culture and food characteristics. In a way, the common denominator of these papers is the link between culture, food and territory, taken from different angles. More research and methodological advances are needed for a better consideration of culture in economic research accounting for the current needs of more systemic and holistic vision of the topic., Bio-based and Applied Economics, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2020): Economics of culture and food in evolving agri-food systems and rural areas

Background The number of patients undergoing joint arthroplasty is increasing worldwide. An Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathway for hip and knee arthroplasty was introduced in an Italian high-volume research hospital in March 2018. Methods The aim of this mixed methods observational study is to perform a health technology assessment (HTA) of the ERAS pathway, considering 938 procedures performed after its implementation, by means of a hospital-based approach derived from the EUnetHTA (European Network for Health Technology Assessment) Core Model. The assessment process is based on dimensions of general relevance, safety, efficacy, effectiveness, economic and financial impact, equity, legal aspects, social and ethical impact, and organizational impact. A narrative review of the literature helped to identify general relevance, safety and efficacy factors, and a set of relevant sub-dimensions submitted to the evaluation of the professionals who use the technology through a 7-item Likert Scale. The economic and financial impact of the ERAS pathway on the hospital budget was supported by quantitative data collected from internal or national registries, employing economic modelling strategies to identify the amount of resources required to implement it. Results The relevance of technology under assessment is recognized worldwide. A number of studies show accelerated pathways to dominate conventional approaches on pain reduction, functional recovery, prevention of complications, improvements in tolerability and quality of life, including fragile or vulnerable patients. Qualitative surveys on clinical and functional outcomes confirm most of these benefits. The ERAS pathway is associated with a reduced length of stay in comparison with the Italian hospitalization average for the same procedures, despite the poor spread of the pathway within the country may generate postcode inequalities. The economic analyses show how the resources invested in training activities are largely depreciated by benefits once the technology is permanently introduced, which may generate hospital cost savings of up to 2054,123.44 € per year. Conclusions Galeazzi Hospital’s ERAS pathway for hip and knee arthroplasty results preferable to traditional approaches following most of the HTA dimensions, and offers room for further improvement. The more comparable practices are shared, the before this potential improvement can be identified and addressed.

Background:Virtual reality (VR)-based rehabilitation is a promising approach for improving recovery in many conditions to optimize functional results, enhancing the clinical and social benefits of surgery.Objective:To assess the efficacy of an early rehabilitation performed by the VR-based rehabilitation versus the traditional rehabilitation provided by physical therapists after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).Methods:In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 85 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were randomized 3 to 4 days after TKA to an inpatient VR-based rehabilitation and a traditional rehabilitation. Participants in both groups received 60 minutes/day sessions until discharge (around 10 days after surgery). The primary outcome was the pain intensity. The secondary outcomes were: the disability knee, the health related quality of life, the global perceived effect, the functional independent measure, the drugs assumption, the isometric strength of quadriceps and hamstrings, the flexion range of motion, and the ability to perform proprioception exercises. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (3-4 days after TKA) and at discharge.Results:VR-based or traditional rehabilitation, with 13% of dropout rate, shown no statistically significant pain reduction between groups (P = .2660) as well as in all other outcomes, whereas a statistically significant improvement was present in the global proprioception (P = .0020), in favor of the VR-based rehabilitation group.Conclusions:VR-based rehabilitation is not superior to traditional rehabilitation in terms of pain relief, drugs assumptions and other functional outcomes but seems to improve the global proprioception for patients received TKA.Level of evidence: Therapy, level 1b. CONSORT-compliant.Trial registration: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02413996.

In this work we describe the synthesis of potent and selective quinolone-based histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors. The quinolone moiety has been exploited as an innovative bioactive cap-group for HDAC6 inhibition; its synthesis was achieved by applying a multicomponent reaction. The optimization of potency and selectivity of these products was performed by employing computational studies which led to the discovery of the diethylaminomethyl derivatives 7g and 7k as the most promising hit molecules. These compounds were investigated in cellular studies to evaluate their anticancer effect against colon (HCT-116) and histiocytic lymphoma (U9347) cancer cells, showing good to excellent potency, leading to tumor cell death by apoptosis induction. The small molecules 7a, 7g and 7k were able to strongly inhibit the cytoplasmic and slightly the nuclear HDAC enzymes, increasing the acetylation of tubulin and of the lysine 9 and 14 of histone 3, respectively. Compound 7g was also able to increase Hsp90 acetylation levels in HCT-116 cells, thus further supporting its HDAC6 inhibitory profile. Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity assays of these molecules showed a safe profile; moreover, the HPLC analysis of compound 7k revealed good solubility and stability profile.

Background: Results from the BEVA2007 trial, suggest that the metronomic chemotherapy regimen with dose-fractioned cisplatin and oral etoposide (mPE) +/− bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), shows anti-angiogenic and immunological effects and is a safe and active treatment for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) patients. We carried out a retrospective analysis aimed to evaluate the antitumor effects of this treatment in a subset of patients with squamous histology. Methods: Retrospective analysis was carried out in a subset of 31 patients with squamous histology enrolled in the study between September 2007 and September 2015. All of the patients received chemotherapy with cisplatin (30 mg/sqm, days 1–3q21) and oral etoposide (50 mg, days 1–15q21) (mPE) and 14 of them also received bevacizumab 5 mg/kg on the day 3q21 (mPEBev regimen). Results: This treatment showed a disease control rate of 71% with a mean progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of 13.6 and 17 months respectively. After 4 treatment courses, 6 patients showing a remarkable tumor shrinkage, underwent to radical surgery, attaining a significant advantage in term of survival (P=0.04). Kaplan-Meier and log-rank test identified the longest survival in patients presenting low baseline levels in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P=0.05), interleukin (IL) 17A (P=0.036), regulatory-T-cells (T reg s) (P=0.020), and activated CD83+ dendritic cells (DCs) (P=0.03). Conclusions: These results suggest that the mPE +/− bevacizumab regimen is feasible and should be tested in comparative trials in advanced squamous-NSCLC (sqNSCLC). Moreover, its immune-biological effects strongly suggest the investigation in sequential combinations with immune check-point inhibitors.

An analytical method for the routine simultaneous determination of four nicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) in commercial multifloral honey was developed. Fortified honey samples, dissolved in water, were cleaned up through Extrelut NT20 column and, finally, insecticides were eluted with dichloromethane. The eluate was evaporated, the residue redissolved in methanol and then analyzed by LC-ESI(+)-MS. Average recoveries of the four analytes were in the range of 76% and 99% at both spiking levels 0.1 and 1.0 mg kg(-1). Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 10% for all of the recovery tests. The detection limits (LODs) of the method ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 mg kg(-1) for the different insecticides studied. The developed method is linear over the range assayed, 0.5-5.0 microg mL(-1), with linear correlation coefficients higher than 0.9993.

Viene definita la nozione di tirocinio nel contesto della formazione alle differenti professioni che caratterizzano la figura professionale di psicologo. Si propone di delineare il percorso di formazione di competenze professionali, della mentalità professionale e dell'appartenenza alla comunità professionale a partire dalle esperienze d lavoro delineate attraverso metodi di job analysis. In questa prospettiva il tirocinio costituisce una modalità di learning by doing che richiede una specifica considerazione da parte sia della comunità professionale sia delle sedi universitarie della formazione di base. In particolare si mette in evidenza il ruolo formativo della tutorship professionale. Si effettuano collegamenti analitici con le problematiche derivanti dai cambiamenti del lavoro e dalle recenti modifiche degli ordinamenti universitari e delle modalità di accesso alle professioni regolamentate.