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Pediatric digital dentistry incorporates computer-aided designing and manufacturing of the crowns which enhances their marginal and internal adaptation. This allows the application of newer materials for the fabrication of crowns. Most importantly, digital workflow makes the procedure easy and comfortable for pediatric patients. The objective of this case series was to evaluate the clinical appearance and success of custom-made esthetic crowns for pediatric population. The case series presents two cases of PMMA crowns using subtractive manufacturing and two of photopolymer resin crowns using additive manufacturing. Both subtractive manufacturing and additive manufacturing have shown better marginal integrity and improved aesthetics in this case series. According to the current literature available and the present case series, these crowns have good biocompatibility, are esthetic, and more importantly relatively inexpensive.

Photobiomodulation with diode lasers of 660 and 810 - 980 nm is used for the proliferation of fibroblasts and to enhance the healing of oral lesions or surgical wounds. It has the potential to stimulate the formation of reparative dentin and preserve pulp vitality. Photobiomodulation uses low-level laser therapy (LLLT) which works on the principle of supplying direct bio-stimulative light energy to the cells. Based on these characteristics, numerous studies are conducted on photobiomodulation with a diode laser for pulpotomy in primary molars. This review article aims to provide data to clinicians regarding varying parameters used for photobiomodulation in pulpotomy and their clinical outcomes in primary molars.

Ectopic eruption is a disturbance in the eruptive path of a tooth in an abnormal position leading to many local problems, such as premature loss of the second primary molars, space loss, increased prevalence of dental caries, supra-eruption of the opposing molars, a mesial inclination of the permanent maxillary first molars, and class II molar relationship. The present case report describes the management of an ectopically erupting mandibular first molar in an 8-year-old child with a modified Halterman appliance. Halterman appliance was modified by incorporating cross-arch anchorage. Follow-up was carried out at 1 month, 3 months,6 months, and 9 months until distalization of the molar was achieved. Space analysis was carried out and a fixed functional space maintainer was cemented which was followed up at 12 months. According to the present case report, a modified Halterman appliance is an effective appliance in achieving distalization of an ectopically erupting permanent molar in a mixed dentition period. Keywords: Ectopic Eruption; Orthodontic Appliance; Tooth Uprighting

We consider an expression for the probability R=P(Y

In this paper a new method for contrast enhancement based on the discrete cosine transform is discussed and implemented. The technique converts the image into DCT domain and the DCT coefficients are modified using proposed mask then the enhanced image is reconstructed using inverse DCT. The discrete cosine transform outperforms with better image quality and with highest PSNR value.

Preserving environment in farming is now becoming main concern since use of inputs like fertilizers & pesticides has been widely employed. Site–specific application of agricultural chemicals is an effective way of resource saving and environmental protection. Precise farming implementation is now gaining popularity and widely accepted as one of smart solutions to sustain agriculture production without ignoring environment. This paper isbased on results of map analysis, where map of soil can be developed based on (1) soil type (chemical composition of soil) (2) soil colour and texture (3) topography (high ground, low ground) (4) crop yield.As per results of chemical analysis, system is developed for controlling opening of outlet of valve for delivery of proper chemical composition (i.e., fertilizer) in same soil by controlling D.C.motor. Through this system, it is possible to improve agricultural production without ignoring environment, [1]

Today’s application of single phase induction motor is increased due to it simple operation and availability of single phase supply in every place. The single phase motor available in different rating, Different speed and used for different application. The single induction motor is used for particular operation need to protect motor and need to control parameters of single phase induction motor and monitor this data to user operator. This is possible with help of IOT in this project single phase induction motor parameter monitoring and speed control is done through IOT base system. In this project the parameters of the motor is continuously recorded and send to the user operator through the cloud internet to end user application module. Keywords: Induction Motor, IOT, Speed Control, Monitoring etc.

The present investigation was taken to know the variations with respect to design, net specification, mesh size of Disco dol trawl net operated along the Ratnagiri coast. A total of 42 trawl net was sampled physically by using measurement tape and scale. The data were collected by structured schedule consisting of two major sections. The first section was for vessel details and second for the specifications of trawl nets. The study revealed that, two seam locally known ‘Disco dol’, operated from Ratnagiri was observed with eight belly sections of overall length ranges from 41 to 52m. Wings of the net were triangular in shape with a mesh size variation between 120-440 mm. The dimensions such as breadth, number of meshes along breadth and mesh size were decreasing from first to last belly section, but average number of meshes per metre were increasing from first to last belly. Wide reduction of 400-40 mm was observed in mesh sizes of belly section for Disco dol from first to last belly. Cod end mesh size of trawl operated from Jaigad, Kasarveli, Mirkarwada and Purnagad landing centres was recorded as 20 mm. In Ratnagiri, two seam trawl net was used mainly to catch fishes.

To compare and evaluate the effect of sensory-adapted dental environment (SADE) and regular dental environment in reducing anxiety levels in children with intellectual disabilities.This study was carried out in children with mild intellectual disabilities aged 8-13 years. The developmental screening test was utilized in screening and including these children with IQ scores between 52 and 67, and after random allocation, children were subjected to oral prophylaxis in the SADE and regular dental environment. Anxiety levels were assessed at baseline, 5 min, and at the end of the procedure using Venham's anxiety rating scale, pulse rate, and blood pressure values.The data were coded and analyzed using software SPSS (IBM version 22.0) for statistical analysis. Comparison between the groups was done using independent t-test and repeated measured ANOVA for objective assessment of intergroup and intragroup anxiety levels, respectively, and using Mann-Whitney U-test and Friedman's test for subjective assessment of intergroup and intragroup anxiety levels, respectively.These findings suggest that SADE significantly decreased anxiety levels and cooperative behavior in children with mild intellectual disability and can be used as an alternative behavior management technique in effectively handling children with intellectual disability.

Denier test for raw silk testing requires skeins of 450 metres length in slightly twisted form (Kilcha), and the existing processis done manually with skein winder, that has few drawbacks, which are low production, quality and higher time and labour.Hence, the present study proposed to design and develop a machine to rectify the above drawbacks for faster production withgood-quality silk skeins, and to reduce testing time and labours involved in work. The innovated machine is designed anddeveloped as automatic skeining (Kilcha) machine and the result showed improvement in production, and quality with reductionin time and labour compared to the manual winder.

Welding position is a significant parameter for weld hardfacing operations applicable to engineering valves, coal transmission pipes in thermal power plants, mining industries, etc. Weld deposition is conducted with horizontal (1G) and vertical (3G) positions due to appropriate orientation of various engineering products. However, parameters like current, speed, travel angle, etc. are different for both welding positions. Therefore, it is required to investigate the influence of these two welding positions on tribological characteristics. In the present work, 1G and 3G weld positions are considered for SS-309L weld hardfacing on 9Cr-1Mo substrate material using flux cored arc welding (FCAW) process. Weld deposited surfaces are subjected to essential mechanical and metallurgical characterizations. Results confirm that the surface deposited using 1G position has higher slurry abrasive wear resistance (0.036 gms), lower dilution (14 %), and lower heat affected zone (HAZ) width (1.5 mm) which is significantly better than 3G position. SEM analysis shows fine elongated grains which precipitate from Cr element as nucleation site for the growth resulting in an improved eutectic matrix within fine grain structure. Wear resistance is improved in 1G position due to uniform elemental distribution of Fe and Cr observed with EDS analysis. Hence, 1G position is the best suitable position for weld hardfacing operations.

Arni, one of the major silk handloom weaving clusters of India, adopted a very primitive way of dyeing using open pan/vessels with direct heating that is invariably carried out without using any ex...

Background: Nasoalveolar molding (NAM) is a presurgical orthopedic procedure, mainly focusing upon the aesthetic outcome of the treatment goal by reducing the number of reconstructive surgeries performed later for the purpose of esthetics. It was reported a very small proportion of pediatric dentists are providing presurgical intervention and the practice of NAM still side stepping among various dental practitioners. Objectives: The study was aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude among various dental specialties regarding NAM procedure in cleft patients. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was carried out among 180 dental professionals (pedodontists, orthodontists, prosthodontists, oral surgeons). A total of 180 questionnaires were prepared, out of which 98 were filled through direct personal interview and 82 were circulated via Google forms. Results were analyzed using chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: There was statistically significant difference in the cumulative knowledge scores between specialty with P < .001; 99% of the participants think one should opt for NAM before cleft lip and palate surgery and 39% participants prefer pedodontists to carry out NAM procedure. Conclusion: Dental specialists in India have a positive attitude toward presurgical orthopedics. Majority of them agreed that there is great improvement in the aesthetic outcomes of surgeries after NAM intervention.

Metasurfaces have the potential to revolutionize imaging technologies due to their extreme control of phase, polarization, and amplitude of the incident light. They rely upon enhanced local interac...

Dynamic solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is the typical method of characterizing the dynamic rearrangements of atoms within the coordination sphere for transition metal polyhydride complexes. Line shape fitting of the dynamic NMR spectra can lead to estimates for the activation parameters of the dynamic rearrangement processes. A combination of dynamic

Seed village programmes are becoming popular in developing countries due to their potential to supply of affordable seed to farmers in a timely manner. Under the programme, the profitability of seed growing farmers is important as it incentivizes them to grow more seed for distribution of seed to other farmers. This paper tried to analyze the impact of the seed village programme on profitability of seed growing farmers of paddy crop by using Difference-in-Difference approach. The study was conducted during the year 2020 in India. A significant increase in profitability of seed growing farmers compared to non-seed farmers was noticed due to the SVP scheme. It was observed that after the introduction of SVP, there was about 69.01% increase in profits of seed-farmers compared to only 5.63% among non-seed-farmers. Age, education, acreage under seed production and farming experience contributed 71.6% of the total variation in the higher profits through SVP in paddy crop, leaving the rest to extraneous factors. The difference-in-difference regression results showed that, with the introduction of the SVP in India, there was an increase in the profits of seed growing farmers by INR 13,032/acre (186 USD). These results show that most of the seed growing farmers are in favor of the growing seed under SVP and benefited from this programme.

One of the Engine factories in India is manufacturing three types of engines that power various types of battle tanks. While operating the tanks, the crank shaft main journals and pins need lubrica...

A truncated generalised extreme value (GEV) distribution in a mixture framework is proposed for the analysis of abnormal rare events in heterogeneous data representing environmental phenomena. The proposed extremal mixture model produced a better understanding of the extremal rainfall behaviour in the Mula-Mutha-Bhima subbasin in India. It gave some realistic extrapolation of quantiles corresponding to a very low probability of exceedance useful in water resources planning and design of civil infrastructure. The proposed model could be useful for the class of problems characterising extreme events and heterogeneity in fields like hydrology, environment and so on.

This paper quantifies the pre-industrial (1850) to present-day (2014) effective radiative forcing (ERF) of anthropogenic emissions of NOX, volatile organic compounds (VOCs; including CO), SO2, NH3, black carbon, organic carbon, and concentrations of methane, N2O and ozone-depleting halocarbons, using CMIP6 models. Concentration and emission changes of reactive species can cause multiple changes in the composition of radiatively active species: tropospheric ozone, stratospheric ozone, stratospheric water vapour, secondary inorganic and organic aerosol, and methane. Where possible we break down the ERFs from each emitted species into the contributions from the composition changes. The ERFs are calculated for each of the models that participated in the AerChemMIP experiments as part of the CMIP6 project, where the relevant model output was available. The 1850 to 2014 multi-model mean ERFs (± standard deviations) are −1.03 ± 0.37 W m−2 for SO2 emissions, −0.25 ± 0.09 W m−2 for organic carbon (OC), 0.15 ± 0.17 W m−2 for black carbon (BC) and −0.07 ± 0.01 W m−2 for NH3. For the combined aerosols (in the piClim-aer experiment) it is −1.01 ± 0.25 W m−2. The multi-model means for the reactive well-mixed greenhouse gases (including any effects on ozone and aerosol chemistry) are 0.67 ± 0.17 W m−2 for methane (CH4), 0.26 ± 0.07 W m−2 for nitrous oxide (N2O) and 0.12 ± 0.2 W m−2 for ozone-depleting halocarbons (HC). Emissions of the ozone precursors nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds and both together (O3) lead to ERFs of 0.14 ± 0.13, 0.09 ± 0.14 and 0.20 ± 0.07 W m−2 respectively. The differences in ERFs calculated for the different models reflect differences in the complexity of their aerosol and chemistry schemes, especially in the case of methane where tropospheric chemistry captures increased forcing from ozone production.

Our country has been through war since 1947, through the will of Indian soldiers to defend our country has led us to be victorious but we have lost many precious lives. At present our enemy has concentrated more on robotic based technology to counter us, although the love, courage and will does not imply to a robot, India has been emerging with latest technology like Agni missile to counter. War field spying robot with UGV’s is the latest technology which most nations are associated with to defend the lives of their soldiers. Our robotic model has been designed such that it gives live location at server end to keep surveillance, empowered by PIC microcontroller and NodeMCU manually designed to give complete and hassle-free use. It’s connected with IR sensor, bomb detector and buzzer. The IR sensor gives the hinderance information and bomb detector has been implied to fund underground mines. The server end connected through blynk gives all the information required. Thus, it can be very helpful only to counter the enemy but also to make strategic preparations in time of war.

We prove the uniqueness of martingale solutions for stochastic partial differential equations generalizing the work in Mandrekar and Skorokhod (1998). The main idea used is to reduce this problem to the case in Mandrekar and Skorokhod using the techniques introduced in Filipović et al. (2010).

Introduction: Malnutrition is responsible for serious health, social and economic consequences throughout the life course as well as across generations, making it the leading risk factor among children under five. In recognition of the burden of malnutrition among under-five children, United Nations SDG’s are specifically directed towards improving child health in developing countries. In India, like many developing countries, the most common nutritional problems in infancy and early childhood are stunting, wasting; iron-deficiency anaemia, poverty and low birth weight. When there is a failure to achieve the expected height/length as compared to the healthy well nourished children indicates stunting. It is an indicator of linear growth retardation that results from failure to receive adequate nutrition over a long period or recurrent infections. It is an indicator of past growth failure. Objective: To study the prevalence of Stunting in under 5 children in the rural field practice area of S.N. Medicalcollege, Bagalkot. Materials and Methods: According to the study done by Shreyaswi MS et al, taking prevalence of Stunting in Rural Karnataka as 63.16%, sample size was calculated using N=4PQ/L.2 The sample size was calculated as 372.2 and a sample of 384 was collected. Stunting was assessed by anthropometric measurements and data regarding sociodemographic factors affecting Stunting were also considered. Data was compiled and tabulated by using MS EXCEL. Data was analysed using Spss. Binary logistic regression was applied. Results: The prevalence of Stunting was 39% and 4.4% were severely stunted. Stunting was significantly associated with age, birth weight, socioeconomic status, ANC visits, pre-lacteal feeds, Place of delivery, Immunisation status and H/O diarrhoea or ARI in the past one year. Conclusion: The prevalence of stunting in the rural areas still remains high despite the measures taken by the government to reduce undernutrition. The issues giving rise to u

SS-309L and Inconel 625 are recommended buffer layers between nickel-based hardfacing and P91 steel to avoid crack formation due to the martensite formation in heat affected zone (HAZ). These buffer layers have different metallurgical characteristics and significant cost difference. Hence, this article attempts to identify suitable buffer layer between SS-309L and Inconel 625. These buffer layers are deposited independently on P91 steel using flux cored arc welding followed by metallurgical characterizations. Metallographic results confirmed the presence of γ austenitic phases and columnar dendrites in both buffer layers. Lower HAZ hardness was observed due to absence of cube-shaped precipitates and high dilution of iron in SS-309L compared to Inconel 625. Coupled with cost effectiveness and metallographic observations, SS-309L material emerges as candidate buffer layer between nickel-based hardfacing and P91 steel.

Friedel-Crafts acylation using long-chain fatty acid derivatives and biomass-derived furans is the key reaction to produce "alkyl furan ketones", an important precursor for biorenewable oleo-furan surfactants. In this work, the steady-state acylation kinetics and reaction mechanism were investigated using a model system of 2-methylfuran and n-octanoic anhydride in a fixed-bed tubular reactor using Al-MCM-41, a mesoporous aluminosilicate. An apparent activation energy (15.5 +or- 1.4 kcal mol- 1) was obtained for the formation of the acylated product, 2-octanoyl-5-methylfuran (2O5MF), for a temperature range of 348-408 K. The apparent reaction rate orders were ~0.6 and ~0.5 in the 2-methylfuran and anhydride concentrations, respectively, while near-zero apparent rate orders were measured in the product concentrations, indicating negligible product inhibition. An Eley-Rideal catalytic acylation mechanism was proposed to explain the experimentally observed apparent rate orders.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infection caused by a newly found strain of coronavirus which is now named as SARS CoV- 2. Since there is no cure yet against this deadly disease, preventive measures remains the mainstay till date. Healthcare workers being the frontline workers in this pandemic need to have adequate knowledge about the disease to tackle and revert this pandemic. Thus the present study aimed to assess the impact of training sessions on knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19 among undergraduate MBBS students in Goa Medical College. Method: The present study was a descriptive study carried out using the pre-test and post-test questionnaire that was collected during the COVID-19 training held for first year MBBS students of Goa Medical College. EpiData 3.1 was used for entry of the data. The results were analysed using SPSS software version 22. Result: A total of 161 MBBS students participated in the study. It was seen that knowledge regarding various aspects of COVID-19 like the new nomenclature of the novel virus (28%), symptoms (42%), mode of spread (78.9%), and concept of social distancing (50.3%) was poor among the students which improved significantly after the training session. Conclusion: With more and more ongoing researches on COVID-19 worldwide, new updates will get added to its epidemiology with time. Health care workers being the frontline workers need to keep themselves updated with the latest knowledge. Regular training sessions can enlighten the health care providers with the much needed updates which will further help to improve their skills in prevention and management of COVID-19. How to cite this article:Cacodcar JA, Naik AV, Oliveira A, Noorain KA, Diniz SA. The Impact of Training of Medical Students on COVID-19: Goa Medical College February 2020. Epidem Int 2020; 5(4): 22-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.7048.202028

Central Silk Technological Research Institute, Bangalore, India, initiated a research project, produced three types of handloom butta silk sarees with available finer variety of spun silk as warp o...

Activated wood charcoal (Carbonized) acts as an excellent adsorbent and it finds wide applications. The present study was carried on four different activated wood charcoals Salix (Sac), Pinus (Pac), Anacardium occidentale (AOac) and Calophyllum inophyllum (CIac) found in Karwar district, Karnataka, India. The activated charcoal was prepared by carbonizing in a muffle-furnace at 800 0 C and the yield of carbonized carbon was about 50%. SEM morphology and EDX spectrum indicates the homogeneity and purity of the activated wood charcoals containing 65-86% carbon to that of commercial charcoal (89% C) and hydrogen is absent. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms are well-correlated and verified. The regressive coefficient (R2 ) of isotherms recorded a higher value above 0.92 which proves the homogeneous and even adsorption phenomenon by the activated wood charcoals. Sac and AOac recorded highest percentage of removal of acetic acid of about 40-60% and 20-26% with Cac (20-25%) where Pac and CIac recorded 17-23% which is relatively near to the commercially activated charcoal(Cac). On comparison of relative percentage of removal of acetic by activated wood charcoals with commercial charcoal, the activated wood charcoals serve as an efficient adsorbent for acetic acid. The cost and availability of the wood is cheaper.

We analyse historical (1850–2014) atmospheric hydroxyl (OH) and methane lifetime data from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6)/Aerosols and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP) simulations. Tropospheric OH changed little from 1850 up to around 1980, then increased by around 9 % up to 2014, with an associated reduction in methane lifetime. The model-derived OH trends from 1980 to 2005 are broadly consistent with trends estimated by several studies that infer OH from inversions of methyl chloroform and associated measurements; most inversion studies indicate decreases in OH since 2005. However, the model results fall within observational uncertainty ranges. The upward trend in modelled OH since 1980 was mainly driven by changes in anthropogenic near-term climate forcer emissions (increases in anthropogenic nitrogen oxides and decreases in CO). Increases in halocarbon emissions since 1950 have made a small contribution to the increase in OH, whilst increases in aerosol-related emissions have slightly reduced OH. Halocarbon emissions have dramatically reduced the stratospheric methane lifetime by about 15 %–40 %; most previous studies assumed a fixed stratospheric lifetime. Whilst the main driver of atmospheric methane increases since 1850 is emissions of methane itself, increased ozone precursor emissions have significantly modulated (in general reduced) methane trends. Halocarbon and aerosol emissions are found to have relatively small contributions to methane trends. These experiments do not isolate the effects of climate change on OH and methane evolution; however, we calculate residual terms that are due to the combined effects of climate change and non-linear interactions between drivers. These residual terms indicate that non-linear interactions are important and differ between the two methodologies we use for quantifying OH and methane drivers. All these factors need to be considered in order to fully explain OH and methane trends since 1850; these factors will also be important for future trends.

Introduction: Occupational hazards are the risks to life or functioning of an individual that is inherently associated with his occupation or working environment which can have deleterious effect on the individual’s health and his working efficiency. Petrol pump attendants are one such category of workers who are constantly exposed to various hazards at their workplace. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted from November- December 2018 among 7 petrol pumps located in the Panjim city. Census method was used for sampling. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Data was collected using pre-designed semi structured questionnaire. Data was collected using Epicollect 5 mobile app and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Result: Musculoskeletal pain was the most common health problem perceived by the study participants (49.3%) followed by frequent headaches (26.7%), eye irritation (22.7%) and stuffy nose (18.7%). Fuel spillage over skin (68%), extreme weather conditions (37.3%), fuel spillage in the eyes (32%) were the common hazards reported by the participants. None of the study participant was seen wearing goggles, mask or gloves for their personal safety. 73% of the study participants felt that the Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) should be made available for their safety. 22.7% of the study participants had high blood pressure (>140/90mmHg) at the time of interview. Conclusion: This study highlights the most common illnesses experienced by the study subjects at their work place. Provision of PPE to every worker working on the petrol station with periodic medical checkups is required. How to cite this article:Naik AV, Ferreira AM. A Cross Sectional Study of Occupational Hazards among Petrol Pump Attendants of Panjim City in Goa. Int J Preven Curat Comm Med 2020; 6(1): 15-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24321/2454.325X.202002

The present economic situation across the globe calls for intense efforts to maximize production in minimum throughput time and cost to enhance operating performance and the quality of products. The problem with manufacturing/ testing goods forces the process owners to be organised and direct attention to minimise the global throughput time within the manufacturing enterprise. Minimising time has a chain effect to enhance the worth of manufacturing/testing processes. The minimisation of cycle time consequently enhances the quality. This report describes an improvement process based on lean thinking in order to reduce throughput time of limited test (Denier test) for grading silk quality. For an implementation of the adaptive work, it is important to know about the time needed for the various steps involved adding their time to find the total time in the existing system by process mapping to find opportunities to reduce time. The results of the study show that time can be reduced in theprocess of limited test from 350 min to 220 min (Multiendsilk) and from 246 to 133 min. (cottage basin)eliminating various causes such as waiting time, absenteeism so on thus improving throughput time. The novelty of the study is that it is the first one to apply total quality management concept in silk testing unit for throughput time reduction from which a standard table has been created for limited test (avoiding non value added activities) for referring for throughput time involved to complete silk denier test faster. Keywords: Multiend silk, Cottage basin silk, throughput time, Kilcha, Denier