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Urban architectural heritage and its social manifestations are immersed in dynamics beyond their origin and conservation vision. Contemporary society reinterprets, reconfigures and resignifies it according to its own logics of empowerment. In this context, this article addresses the case of a bridge in the Historic Center of Cuenca (Ecuador) known by the names of Mariano Moreno Bridge, La Escalinata Bridge or Vivas Nos Queremos Bridge. It describes its patrimonial situation in terms of its values and its relationship with gender. Because of its social implications, this study is divided into two parts: a bibliographic analysis of the historical evolution of the monument, followed by a discussion of its heritage status, and the presentation of the design, validation and application of a qualitative tool to determine the values associated with the property. This tool is used in a focus group of actors to analyze the feminist activism developed on the bridge between 2020 and 2022. This research shows how cultural heritage can be known, valued and used from an inclusive perspective and how public space can be subject to processes of resignification. This bridge became a non-place, a forgotten and a meaningless site. However, due to the struggle for the vindication of women’s rights and freedom of expression, it has taken on a new meaning, becoming an integral part of the contemporary collective imaginary, regardless of its uncertain nomenclature.

Many unique ethnic enclaves have been established in Australia due to the country’s rich and diverse immigration history. Chinatown Melbourne is one of the oldest and most iconic examples that date back to the gold rush period in the 1850s. Previous studies have examined many aspects of the precinct, such as its architectural styles and demography shifts. However, there is a lack of research investigating the enclave’s urban characteristics and the consequent urban identity. This knowledge gap can lead to unfeasible heritage conservation decisions with a lack of emphasis on the precinct’s unique identity. Hence, this study aims to scrutinize the precinct’s past urban evolution and its present characteristics to better understand its heritage value and enhance future urban policies. Qualitative data are collected using archival and literature review, map analysis, and field observation. Overall, by elucidating Chinatown Melbourne’s urban characteristics and key urban movements, the study depicts the precinct’s identity, addressing elements like the main, laneway, gateway, and public space. The output of the research provides insights into how future heritage policies and initiatives can benefit from the case study in enhancing heritage protection and sustaining its urban identity. Further research is recommended to incorporate quantitative research methods and compare results with this study’s findings.

Characterizing geological heritage sites (geosites) available in Russia remains an urgent task. The present study focuses on two geosites from the vicinity of Kazan—a large city on the Volga River. They are attributed to the standardized geoheritage types and scored by means of several criteria. It is found out that the Pechischi geosite represents nine geoheritage types, from which the stratigraphical type (stratotype section of the Upper Kazanian regional unit of the Guadalupian) and the geohistorical type (history of the Permian System studies) are the most important. This geosite reaches 675 out of 750 maximum possible scores, and it is ranked globally. The Cheremushki geosite represents six geoheritage types, from which the stratigraphical type (reference section of the Urzhumian regional unit of the Guadalupian) and the paleontological type (locality of diverse fossils, including tetrapods) are the most important. This geosite reaches a score of 250 and is ranked nationally. The undertaken study allows for recommending several actions for the effective conservation and exploitation of these geosites. The innovative interpretation is that the presence of geosites at the urban periphery makes its general (not only geological) heritage value comparable to that of the city’s center.

Although the forces or impetuses that influence an urban structure are diverse, as has been fully studied by scholars from diverse research fields, some have played key roles. We endeavor to explore the key forces and mechanisms forming and transforming the urban spatial structure through Hangzhou, a multi-identity city. Upon studying classical ancient texts, historical maps, critical and recent literature, and POI data, we argue that the first and foremost driver of Hangzhou is commercial culture, rather than any other factors. Under a diachronic view and with graphic analysis, we distinguished Hangzhou’s three major transformations during the last 900 years. Each transformation was, respectively, driven by the complicated commercial culture, which was mixed up with other elementary cultures, such as civil, leisure, landscape, and industrial. Furthermore, urban heritages were formed, inherited, revitalized, and reutilized during the transformation processes, which, in turn, enriched the commercial culture and vividly reshaped Hangzhou’s urban structure.

In an era of rapid technological improvements, state-of-the-art methodologies and tools dedicated to the protection and promotion of our cultural heritage should be developed and extensively employed in the management of our built environment. At the same time, sustainability principles underline the importance of the continuous use of historic or vernacular buildings as part of the building stock of our cities. The adoption of a holistic, integrated, multi-disciplinary strategy can bridge technological innovation with the conservation and restoration of heritage buildings. The project “Portal for heritage buildings' integration into the contemporary built environment” (Urban PERIsCOPE) provides an innovative platform for the identification, classification, documentation, and renovation of heritage buildings - a tool that can be exploited by a variety of stakeholders related to the conservation and retrofit activities. Urban PERIsCOPE enables the exploitation of state-of-the-art techniques in the scientific fields of Building Information Modelling (BIM), remote sensing, terrestrial and aerial 3D modelling techniques, and non-destructive onsite testing, pursued by the leading research and academic institutions of Cyprus in these fields. The Urban PERIsCOPE platform addresses specific stakeholders to impact culturally and economically the society of Cyprus, including public authorities and policymakers (Town Planning and Housing Department, Department of Antiquities, Municipalities) and professionals (archaeologists, engineers, architects, and chartered surveyors). The implementation of Urban PERIsCOPE in practice involves the pilot application of an innovative, holistic, integrated methodology on a select number of heritage buildings in Nicosia and Limassol (including examples located in both Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot neighbourhoods), which were selected based on their location in the contemporary fabric of the city, architectural typology, use, as well as their current structural condition. The Urban PERIsCOPE platform and its associated tools bring added value and benefits to the Public Authorities and professionals in Cyprus. The proposed methodology approaches the challenges and identified issues of heritage buildings in the contemporary urban fabric from multiple points of view, including (i) the mapping and parametric management of data of heritage buildings through BIM, (ii) the documentation of architectural typology and architectonic features, (iii) the method of construction, (iv) the definition of their structural condition, and (v) the restoration and renovation requirements.

İskenderun, also known as Alexandretta in antiquity, has long been a strategically significant port city in the Eastern Mediterranean thanks to its natural harbour. Due to its advantageous location, the settlement began to rapidly urbanize after the mid-19th century as a result of the impacts of Ottoman and later the French Mandate period development activities. This article focuses on defining the influences of historical development activities on the urban heritage of İskenderun by understanding and evaluating various efforts that lie behind the formation of the city as an important trade centre and port city connecting the Middle East, Asia Minor, and Europe. By doing so, the formation, development and transformation of the settlement are chronologically deciphered regarding its historical turning points: the mid-19th century Ottoman period, the beginning of the French Mandate period (1919), and the joining of İskenderun to the Republic of Türkiye (1939). Accordingly, the characteristics of the urban form, the ways these characteristics were transformed, and the problems and strategies encountered within different periods are decoded. This decoding employed a combined methodology, including historical interpretation and case study research methods. The results of the study reveal that İskenderun has experienced different solutions for problems of infrastructure within the different periods, as a reflection of different political understandings and public and social needs among those periods.

In an era of rapid technological improvements, state-of-the-art methodologies and tools dedicated to protecting and promoting our cultural heritage should be developed and extensively employed in the contemporary built environment and lifestyle. At the same time, sustainability principles underline the importance of the continuous use of historic or vernacular buildings as part of the building stock of our society. Adopting a holistic, integrated, multi-disciplinary strategy can link technological innovation with the conservation and restoration of heritage buildings. This paper presents the ongoing research and results of the application of Machine Learning methods for the remote monitoring of the built environment of the historic cluster in Cypriot cities. This study is part of an integrated, multi-scale, and multi-disciplinary study of heritage buildings, with the end goal of creating an online HBIM platform for urban monitoring.

El articulo reflexiona sobre el valor patrimonial de las formas urbanas del siglo XX y su aportación a la sostenibilidad como nueva vía de relacionarse con la Tierra. El proceso de antropización del territorio configura la identidad de cada comunidad y deviene en estructuras culturales que como sociedad se acuerda que son Patrimonio. Para ello se efectúa un recorrido por experiencias internacionales y nacionales (WHL y DOCOMOMO) para centrarse en Andalucía. Se tiene en cuenta la referencia a la cultura en el marco de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, a fin de “redoblar los esfuerzos para proteger y salvaguardar el patrimonio cultural y natural del mundo” (ODS 11.4). El estudio concluye con el carácter transversal de la cultura, como contribución directa en la consecución de los ODS, emplean-do determinadas formas urbanas consideradas como patrimonio urbano contemporáneo y sostenible. The paper reflects on the heritage value of 20th-century urban forms and their contribution to sustainability as a new way of relating to the Earth. The anthropisation process of the territory shapes the identity of each community. It becomes cultural structures that, as a society, are agreed to be Heritage. To this end, a review of international and national experiences (WHL and DOCOMOMO) is carried out, to focus on Andalusia. It considers the reference to culture in the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals “to redouble efforts to protect and safeguard the world’s cultural and natural heritage” (SDG 11.4). The study concludes with the cross-cutting nature of culture as a direct contribution to the achievement of the SDGs, using certain urban forms considered as contemporary and sustainable urban heritage.

By the end of the Second World War, many of the Polish cities—and especially their historic centres—were in ruins. This was caused by both bombings and sieges conducted by the Nazis and Soviets. The particular group of cities is associated with former German lands—now called the “Recovered Territories”—which were incorporated into the borders of Poland as compensation for its Eastern Borderlands lost to the Soviet Union. These cities started to be gradually rebuilt after the end of the war, although one can distinguish certain stages and types of interventions, varying from the restoration and idealisation of the pre-war townscapes (so-called “Polish School of Conservation,” which was developed along principles contradictory to the urban conservation theories of these times) to late modern as well as postmodern (called the “retroversion”) principles. This process is ongoing, meaning the reconstruction of the historic cities is not yet completed. At the same time, these processes were embedded within the changing political perspectives—varying from “restoration of destroyed heritage” through “providing modern living environments” up to the “theming urban spaces.” In some cities, various stages and approaches overlapped, creating unique palimpsests. The article focuses not only on the evolution of both politics and design paradigms but mostly on the interplay between them and, as a result, on the doctrine’s evolution. Consequently, these considerations allow presenting the similarities and differences in the evolution of the reconstruction of Polish cities to the cases known from Western Europe and provide the framework for understanding the contemporary urban design paradigms of Central and Eastern Europe.

[ES] Este trabajo pretende exponer una perspectiva crítica sobre las acciones de intervención realizadas últimamente en el centro histórico de la ciudad de Uberaba - una ciudad de tamaño medio en el interior del estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. La región central de la ciudad está formada por un conjunto de edificios de la época ecléctica que comparten espacio con edificios modernos en torno a la plaza principal de la ciudad - la plaza Rui Barbosa. Esta plaza sufrió varias transformaciones a lo largo del tiempo, lo que pone de manifiesto la debilidad de la construcción de un paisaje patrimonial en este territorio, soporte de la memoria colectiva. Dicho esto, interesan mostrar las transformaciones contemporáneas llevadas a cabo en esta región, relacionadas tanto con la lógica del mercado como con las normativas relativas al saneamiento de las fachadas de los edificios históricos, como la retirada de los carteles publicitarios de las tiendas. Estas reformas introdujeron nuevos colores en la región, planteando cuestiones sobre los criterios (o la falta de ellos) de definición cromática. La apelación al uso de colores fuertes sin estudios ni técnicas de restauración adecuadas genera ruido en el paisaje urbano. En este sentido, podemos preguntarnos si el avance en la promoción del patrimonio construido por parte de los poderes públicos puede derivar en una tendencia a la banalización del conjunto urbano. Específicamente en este texto, nos centraremos en el análisis de los procesos de banalización en conjuntos urbanos de interés histórico desde el aspecto cromático, utilizando análisis comparativos, con claves de análisis de estructura para el desarrollo de una crítica inicial del patrimonio cultural en Uberaba, [EN] This work aims to launch a critical perspective on the intervention actions undertaken lately in the historic center of the city of Uberaba – a medium size city in the countryside of the state Minas Gerais, Brazil. The central region of the city is made up of a set of buildings from the eclectic period that share space with modern buildings around the city's main square – Rui Barbosa Square. This square underwent several changes over time, highlighting the weaknesses in the construction of a heritage landscape in this territory, which supports collective memory. That said, we are interested in the contemporary transformations carried out in this region, which are related to both the market logic and the regulations regarding the clearing up the facades of historic buildings, such as the removal of advertising boards from stores. These reforms introduced new colors to the region, raising questions about the criteria (or lack thereof) for chromatic definition. The appeal to the use of strong colors without surveys or appropriate restoration techniques generates noise in the urban landscape. In this sense, we can ask ourselves if the advance in the promotion of heritage built by the public authorities can result in a tendency to trivialize the urban set. Specifically in this text, we will focus on the analysis of trivialization processes in urban sets of historical interest from the chromatic aspect, using comparative analyses, with structure analysis keys for the development of an initial critique of the cultural heritage in Uberaba.

Resumo Este artigo discute a implantação do Programa Monumenta como resultado das realizações conduzidas na cidade de Laranjeiras (SE), com vistas a identificar os possíveis limites do modelo adotado. O Monumenta foi proposto para conservar, restaurar e dinamizar o uso de bens culturais em abrangência nacional. Financiado pelo Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento (BID), pelo Governo Nacional, bem como por estados e municípios, teve como objetivo promover a sustentabilidade da conservação do patrimônio, apostando nas parcerias público-privadas. Em termos de método, o artigo se respalda na interpretação dos sentidos das ações atribuídos pelos agentes, com base em corpus documental do BID, do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan) e em entrevistas com profissionais partícipes. Optou-se pelo escrutínio das ações empreendidas em Laranjeiras no contexto das estratégias e relatos de dificuldades gerais do Programa, para assim subsidiar a análise de seus conflitos, limites e contribuições para a cidade. O texto estrutura-se em uma introdução, com apresentação do estado da arte, e em seções nas quais se discorre sobre as estratégias de ação, as dificuldades vividas e a implementação em Laranjeiras; finaliza-se com a apresentação de seu significado como ação governamental. Abstract This article discusses the implementation of the Monumenta Programme in the city of Laranjeiras (Sergipe state, Brazil), with the aim of establishing its potential limits. Having been devised to preserve, restore, and revive the use of cultural goods nationwide, the programme received funding from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and from federal, state, and municipal governments, with a view to promoting the sustainability of heritage conservation via public-private partnerships. As far as methodology is concerned, the article is grounded on the interpretation of meanings assigned to actions by agents, through archival documents from IDB and the National Institute for Historic and Artistic Heritage (Iphan) and from interviews with professionals involved. A decision was made to focus on actions performed in Laranjeiras as regards the programme’s strategies and reports of general obstacles, in order to support the analysis of its conflicts, limits, and contributions to the city. The article offers an introduction to the topic, including a state of the art, followed by sections that address the programme’s action strategies, hurdles, and implementation in Laranjeiras, and concludes with an assessment of its meaning as a form of governmental action.

Resumen La notable dimensión adquirida por los instrumentos de planeación y gestión de los centros históricos declarados como Bien de Interés Cultural del ámbito nacional en Colombia en la última década cuestiona el sentido de la política pública de protección del patrimonio urbano. La identificación de las secuencias y rutinas en el encadenamiento de los mecanismos de protección puede aportar a la comprensión y comprobación de la congruencia de la política pública en el diálogo central entre el patrimonio cultural y el contexto latinoamericano donde surgen, así como su reciprocidad con los retos del desarrollo urbano. A partir de la aplicación del modelo de dependencia de trayectoria (MDT) a las variables relacionadas con el patrimonio urbano, se pretende identificar la periodificación de las fases de configuración jurídico-institucional de las dimensiones de la administración, gestión y manejo de los centros históricos declarados. Como conclusión se pone de manifiesto su poca pertinencia para garantizar la conservación demandada por los sectores históricos, donde es evidente un desajuste entre la implementación y versatilidad del marco legal, a pesar del incremento de garantías para la participación ciudadana. Resumo A notável dimensão adquirida na última década pelos instrumentos de planejamento e gestão dos centros históricos declarados Bens de Interesse Cultural em nível nacional na Colômbia, questiona o significado das políticas públicas de proteção do patrimônio urbano. das sequências e rotinas no processo de encadeamento dos mecanismos de proteção pode contribuir para a compreensão e verificação não só da congruência da política pública no diálogo central entre o patrimônio cultural e o contexto latinoamericano onde ele surge, mas também sua reciprocidade com os desafios de desenvolvimento urbano. A partir da aplicação do modelo de dependência de trajetórias (MDT) ao conjunto de variáveis identificadas e relacionadas ao patrimônio urbano, pretende-se contrastar os discursos subjacentes e essenciais para validar a interação dos elementos constitutivos dedicados à geração do corpus normativo a partir do dimensões da administração, gestão e gestão dos centros históricos declarados. Como conclusão preliminar, revela-se a sua insignificância para garantir a conservação exigida pelos setores históricos, onde se verifica um descompasso entre a implementação e a versatilidade do enquadramento legal, apesar do aumento das garantias de participação cidadã. Abstract The remarkable dimension acquired in the last decade by the planning and management instruments of the historical centers declared as Assets of Cultural Interest at the national level in Colombia, questions the meaning of public policy for the protection of urban heritage. In this sense, the identification of the sequences and routines in the chaining process of the protection mechanisms can contribute to the understanding and verification not only of the congruence of public policy in the central dialogue between cultural heritage and the Latin American context where it arises, but also its reciprocity with the challenges of urban development. Based on the application of the trajectory dependency model (TDM) to the set of variables identified and related to urban heritage, the aim is to contrast the underlying and essential discourses to validate the interaction of the constitutive elements dedicated to the generation of the normative corpus based on the dimensions of the administration, management and handling of the historic centers declared. As a preliminary conclusion, their insignificance is revealed to guarantee the conservation demanded by the historic sectors, where a mismatch between the implementation and versatility of the legal framework, despite the increase in guarantees for citizen participation.

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted global mobility. ‘Lockdowns’ and travel bans have been used as control measures by international governments. Consequently, the ways that we use buildings have also been impacted by these actions. Thus, this paper explores the roles of heritage sites in a post-COVID-19 pandemic society. This research is part of the Urban Heritage and Community Resilience: Conservation, Tourism, and Pandemic project, and it employs methods such as semistructured interviews, participant observations, archival research, and focus group discussions (FGDs). This paper is based on semistructured interviews conducted with one hundred eighteen participants across ten popular heritage sites in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar, Indonesia. The findings confirm the debated claim in postdisaster studies asserting that some of these Acehnese heritage sites, especially those imbued with religious values, have become places of resilience. Specifically, during the pandemic, these sites have facilitated community resilience by helping people feel closer to God. For practising Acehnese Muslims, prayer at home is culturally acceptable, but praying at the mosque, which is one of the essential heritages of the Acehnese, has contributed to and strengthened the sense of community resilience. Therefore, visitation and participation in heritage sites that include experiencing the sense of place and conducting religious and cultural activities is integral to community resilience. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Urban heritage is at the core of the process of many changes observable in the cities today. The pace of urban change in heritage contexts, however, differs widely across the globe. In some areas, it goes slowly, in others it is astonishingly rapid. In some cases, change is coupled with risks of erosion of heritage and urban areas of value and in others change is synonymous with prosperity and positive impacts. Change in urban heritage areas is not only confined to the physical and tangible aspects, but needs to be regarded as mirroring changes related socio-political practices, economic implications, and cultural impacts. In this regard, the present thematic issue looks at various patterns of the interrelationship between heritage and urban change from both the physical and the non-physical perspectives. This editorial presents the topic of urban heritage and patterns of physical and non-physical transformation in urban heritage contexts and introduces the thematic issue “Urban Heritage and Patterns of Change: Spatial Practices of Physical and Non-Physical Transformation.”

Climate change, natural hazards, and human actions are threatening cultural heritage in urban areas. More than ever, building regulations’ procedures and criteria are essential to guarantee the protection and safeguarding of urban areas and their buildings. These procedures and criteria are crucial to assist stakeholders in decision-making, especially when facing rapid transitions and transformative changes in urban heritage areas. Several institutional stakeholders in charge of urban heritage protection strengthen the need for a better implementation of building regulations through flexible criteria to support intervention procedures in buildings with different features and in different contexts. Under this topic, the present study uses a twofold method. Firstly, the authors analyze and compare the urban and building regulations of three Southern European countries, Italy, Spain, and Portugal, concerning procedures and criteria directed to the built heritage; secondly, they highlight and compare the views of different institutional stakeholders from the same three countries, at different levels (national, regional, and municipal), to understand the impact of the implementation of the regulations on the ground. The findings show the relevance of the institutional stakeholders’ views to improve the regulations and their practice. They highlight the need to promote inventory and cataloging procedures, as well as flexible criteria when dealing with urban heritage buildings.

Alfama, a neighborhood whose history dates to Lisbon’s origins, held simultaneously the power and burden of representing the “old Lisbon.” It is recognized as a territory that was never part of the efforts to modernize the city but also through its inherent values. The latter derive exactly from the nostalgic images it projects and through which the city’s history is kept alive. As part of a city’s ecosystem and embroiling global phenomena, the neighborhood faces inevitable changes, affecting both the closely intertwined urban fabric and socio-cultural aspects to shape a landscape of tangible and intangible heritage. Based on a multidisciplinary and humanistic approach, the article portrays the urban change in the neighborhood through a spatial and ethnographic lens, along different scales and angles, contributing with a critical dimension to understanding urban development processes. We examine how Alfama has been dealing with political intentions steered by economic prosperity and global influences. Thus, we look at policies fostering urban regeneration and tourism development and describe impacts on the territory and responses where traces of the community’s resilience emerge. We further discuss how increased tourism led to a “touristification” scenario and implied local responses. Namely, the community has been activating specific mechanisms and leveraging certain socio-spatial features to cope with the process of change. Some examples highlight how the community is adapting practices of space and social interactions to take advantage of the new possibilities brought up by tourism, while defending its core socio-spatial networks, in a continuous process of heritage creation info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The accelerated growth of Calcutta as a trading center under the British between the mid-18th and early 20th centuries brought an influx of diverse trading communities, including Armenians, Baghdadi Jews, Parsis, and Chinese, who settled in the historic bazaar nucleus of the city known today as Central Calcutta. These ethnoreligious communities erected significant heritage buildings reflecting their cultures. But with large-scale emigration and a rapidly dwindling local population, this shared built heritage is in neglect and has little or no relevance for Central Calcutta’s contemporary communities. This paper discusses the issues faced by these heritage resources and offers recommendations for enhancing community engagement, initiating co-management and developing common goals amongst contemporary communities so as to effectively safeguard this built heritage of dwindling minorities.

The text discusses a book, edited by Anna Niedźwiedź and Kaja Kaider, on the interpenetrating spheres of cultural heritage and the sacred of Krakow. The authors of the book focus on the material urban heritage, which still seems to be an underrated resource of the past. In the presented anthropological understanding of it, material objects not only reveal a whole range of meanings that help shape the city’s genius loci and the identities of its inhabitants and visitors associated with it, but also constitute a cognitive value in a strictly historical dimension. Under an anthropological scrutiny, stately buildings and small souvenirs gain an importance equal to that of written historical sources, while the titular heritage and the sacred show their unbreakable unity. It is also noteworthy that the book is a printed equivalent of an exhibition on the same subject that took place in the Krakow ethnographic museum.

Due to their authentic urban and architectural character, the Medinas of Tunis and Marrakesh became listed among the United Nations educational, scientific, and cultural organization (UNESCO) heritage sites in 1979 and 1985, respectively. Nowadays, the urbanization of the surrounding green areas and the climate change impacts on cities are degrading the Medinas’ livability and their characteristic heritage. On the other hand, scientific knowledge and data about the green system in the dense urban cores of Medinas in the Maghreb region is still not a widely apprehended theme in the scientific domain. This research objective is to initiate nature-based and sustainable solutions in these cities by demonstrating the application of the urban green infrastructure (UGI) approach. As a research methodology, an analysis of the historical green system development in the Medinas is given to highlight their tangible and intangible values. The analysis goes over three periods: first, the medieval Islamic era, then the modern period during the French colony, and the contemporary city as a unique urban landscape. Finally, the study proposes a design guideline to prove the applicability of the UGI in the given historical morphologies by implementing the retained historical values of the historic green heritage in Medinas and the aspects of the site.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to assess the perceptions of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University's students and their household members about cultural heritage conservation in selected cities of Saudi Arabia. Cultural heritage conservation is increasingly important for sustainable tourism management, especially in Saudi Arabia that sets out to promote international tourism. However, a lack of awareness of heritage values among the local community could hinder the conservation efforts.Design/methodology/approachA structured questionnaire (n = 168) was employed for data collection and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.FindingsThe finding of the t-test analysis indicates significant statistical relationship between occupation and community involvement (P (T ≤ t) one-tail = 0.0047 and two-tail = 0.0093, p P (T ≤ t) one-tail = 0.0047 and two-tail = 0.0093, p Originality/valueThe study concludes that cultural heritage courses should be offered as a core courses for college students in order to instill the importance of cultural heritage conservation in their minds.

The methodological approach of the study proposes an innovative yet adaptive way to define and preserve heritage sites and their elements. In the case study, the proposed methodology guides the design/planning research of heritage sites by linking the perceptual behaviour with the information of the built environment. Visibility is the tool to measure the level of exposure of specific urban elements from a particular perspective. While isovist analyses define visibility in the built environment, fields of view from the periphery of heritage sites are applied to calculate visible or invisible areas by the observer. The purpose of the current study is the evaluation of the identification of the elements to be protected, by modelling both the heritage environment and the heritage elements according to the visibility criteria. For this purpose, I illustrate my approach by using visibility analyses and Space syntax analysis in the case of the Sulukule neighbourhood, the leading renewal project, in Istanbul. This area used to have notably cultural–historical assets–historic land walls, the lifestyle of Roma people—but now the renovation works carried out in the Sulukule case study site have affected the identity of the “visible” and “known” space of the historic quarter.

Geoheritage is not necessarily linked genetically to “purely” geological processes. Investigations in two urban areas of Russia allowed us to find essentially artificial objects demonstrating certain geological uniqueness. The huge balls sculptured from rapakivi granite and installed in Saint Petersburg represent cultural, historical, and stone heritage. These are also artificial megaclasts with perfect sphericity. The coal waste heaps situated in Shakhty and its vicinity represent industrial, historical, and urban heritage. These are also artificial landforms creating a kind of pseudo-mountainous landscape. These examples permit us to question the importance of the co-occurrence of heritage categories for geosite assessment.

In the present investigation, we study the influence of conventual foundations on the origin of the urban layout of two of the first cities in the Spanish colonization of America: Santo Domingo (1502) and Panama Viejo (1519), examples of early colonial urbanism. Starting with cartography and historical bibliography, as well as recent studies on their urban evolution and using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for graphic representation, a comparative study is carried out between both cities divided into stages of urban expansion until their consolidation (or disappearance in the case of Panama in 1671). We have been able to verify how, in Santo Domingo, the religious orders settled on the outskirts of the city, marking the axes of expansion as an instrument of control and consolidation of an urban layout closer to the idea of a grid, which will materialize more precisely in later cities. Meanwhile, in Panama Viejo, the city was formed longitudinally on the streets occupied by the convents, which served as the main axes that defined the urban design of the city. This article aims to demonstrate the importance of the role of religious power in the formation of the cities presented here.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential transfer of a metamodel for heritage-based urban development (HBUD) in a postcrisis urban recovery scenario. Design/methodology/approach After an introduction to the field of cultural heritage as a resource for urban development, the research question is elaborated, and the current understanding of urban heritage is explored. The use of the metamodel in a postcrisis urban recovery setting is described as a potential solution. The proposed metamodel is introduced along with the grounded theory and design research methodology through which it was developed. The specific qualities of metamodels and how they can contribute to the proposed use are highlighted. The scenario is then developed further, and specific ways in which the metamodel could contribute are elaborated. Finally, the metamodel is compared to other methods, such as the historic urban landscape (HUL) approach, and the limitations are discussed. Findings The metamodel can potentially be used in a postcrisis urban recovery scenario. The metamodel cannot be used directly, owing to the nature of metamodels; however, it can be transferred to a specific context and help to structure successful heritage-based urban recovery (HBUR) processes. Practical limitations/implications One limitation is that it can be difficult to understand the differences between models and metamodels. Only with a comprehensive understanding of the nature of metamodels can this metamodel be applied, for example, to select appropriate models for HBUR. The metamodel can help to ensure that all relevant ‘elements’ are part of the processes designed for HBUR and emphasise the need for thorough planning, or scoping, of such processes. Originality/value Metamodelling has not previously been used for HBUD or HBUR.

Purpose This paper is intended to assess the developments conducted on the master plan of Old Najaf, mainly in three areas: the Imam Ali Holy Shrine and its surroundings, the Great Market Area and the location of the Town of Visitors. Design/methodology/approach In order to analyse the implementation of the transformation phases in Old Najaf, the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) technique was used to identify and organise the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to the examined case study of the city's historic centre. At the first stage, all available data (photographs, maps, documents and reports) were collected from different sources, including previous studies by governmental institutions, departments and agencies. Ultimately, the SWOT analysis was used for each identified phase in the morphological evolution of the historic centre. This can offer an opportunity to observe the implications of urban planning practices in Old Najaf from the mid-20th century to the present day. In order to identify the well-organised urban design practices and appropriate strategies, the implemented studies and projects were examined by the four factors of the SWOT analysis. Findings The current results have revealed important urban transformations, already made and/or ongoing, of those aforementioned three main areas, which imply a great loss of the city's traditional character and urban heritage. Further, the environmental and socio-economic issues should be involved in the analysis to evaluate how they have influenced the current outcomes of Old Najaf in relation to the urban configuration and orientation. Originality/value The rich cultural and architectural heritage of Al-Najaf historic centre is dramatically neglected and seriously threatened to be lost. Hence, conservation on both tangible and intangible levels is urgently needed. It is the first paper which focussed on this problem and tries to learn from the British Conservation Experiences in this field.

Les vitrines des grands magasins fournissent quantité d’exemples de représentations de l’architecture et de la ville. Utilisées comme images dans des fonds de vitrines, reconstituées sous la forme de maquettes ou représentant des bâtiments grâce à l’assemblage inventif des produits, ces créations prenant leurs sources dans les environnements urbains révèlent un imaginaire prolixe. Le détournement de paysages urbains et de monuments au service de la rhétorique commerciale montre l’importance prise par l’architecture et les sites dans une recomposition patrimoniale populaire qui en fait un musée d’architecture en soi. Drawing their inspiration from the urban environment, window displays offer many examples of architecture and cities being used as images, recreated as models, or else reproducing the form of buildings using the products themselves. The use of urban landscapes and monuments for commercial purposes highlights the importance of architecture and urban areas in a popular heritage that could be considered as an architectural museum in itself.

Les vitrines des grands magasins fournissent quantité d’exemples de représentations de l’architecture et de la ville. Utilisées comme images dans des fonds de vitrines, reconstituées sous la forme de maquettes ou représentant des bâtiments grâce à l’assemblage inventif des produits, ces créations prenant leurs sources dans les environnements urbains révèlent un imaginaire prolixe. Le détournement de paysages urbains et de monuments au service de la rhétorique commerciale montre l’importance prise par l’architecture et les sites dans une recomposition patrimoniale populaire qui en fait un musée d’architecture en soi. Windows display give a lot of examples on architecture and cities showings. Used as images in windows display, recreated as models or showing buildings with the layout of the products themselves, these urban environment creations are full if imagination. The use of urban landscapes and monuments for the commercial purpose points out the importance of architecture and urban areas in a popular heritage composition that could be considered as an architectural museum.

The aim of this paper is to present the use of 3D models and augmented reality (AR) to study and communicate architectural and urban values and, therefore, favor the development of dedicated forms of “smart heritage”. The study rises from a reflection on the concept of “heritage”, as defined in the international documents, intended as an evolving idea that puts together tangible and intangible aspects. Moreover, digital technologies favor “phygital” applications where the digital dimension support the traditional ones. In this way, AR allows the superimposition of multimedia information to heritage, respecting the historical matter of the artefacts, and supporting a “smart heritage” application. In particular, mobile AR, with real-time and ubiquitous visualizations, offers the opportunity to show past urban and architectural configurations to investigate and describe the transformations that have led to the current configuration, and consequently highlighting the present historical and architectural values of the buildings. Two case studies are presented: the square of St. Basilio Monastery, with its historical transformations, and the Basilica of Collemaggio, a pivotal building in the rites of “Perdonanza Celestiniana”.

Статья посвящена перипетиям истории проектирования и строительства здания Иваново-Вознесенского губернского сельскохозяйственного кредитного союза (Ивсельбанка) в городе Иваново-Вознесенске в 1927–1928 годах. Оно было построено по проекту советского конструктивиста В. А. Веснина, выбранному по итогам конкурса. В исследованиях градостроительного наследия основное внимание традиционно уделяют деятельности авторов проектов, пренебрегая ролью заказчиков и подрядчиков в осуществлении архитектурного замысла. Реализуемый в данной статье подход, напротив, стремится снять эту асимметрию: автор детально прослеживает все этапы строительства — от конкурса проектов и поиска финансирования до приемки здания, а также сеть связей между заказчиком, архитектором, финансовыми учреждениями, подрядчиками и местной прессой. Например, обсуждаются специфика поиска финансирования и территории, переговоров с подрядчиками. В центре же внимания оказывается сотрудничество председателя Ивсельбанка А. Н. Спиридонова и В. А. Веснина на всем протяжении строительства. Исследование проведено на основе архивных документов, в том числе впервые вводимых в научный оборот.

This paper discuss an application of the GIS software to analysis the visual effect from specific observation points in the historic towns. The viewshed tool in GIS platforms, including ArcGIS and QGIS, are applied in order to generate observation points and viewshed maps. Dozens of key nodes are selected in Xinchang Ancient Town, such as the protected buildings, the historic bridges, and the historic street intersections, as the observation points of viewshed analysis. The result of the analysis is to generate the viewshed map from each observation point. Subsequently, the observation points are merged and the result of the viewshed analysis of the whole ancient town is created. Based on the viewshed analysis results, the characteristics of the visual effect in the town with gentle terrain and dense building is discussed. The features of the ancient town remind elements that need attention in conservation planning, and guides the building regulation within and outside the set boarder of the protected area.

espanolEste articulo examina los Grandes Proyectos Culturales (GPC) como un elemento del proceso de desarrollo de las ciudades, considerandolos como un fenomeno global en lugar de analizar cada caso de forma independiente. El estudio esta centrado en Exposiciones Mundiales e Internacionales, Exposiciones de Horticultura, Juegos Olimpicos y Capitales Europeas de la Cultura. La investigacion abarco 183 GCP organizados desde el siglo XIX hasta principios del siglo XXI en todo el mundo. El estudio definio la influencia que los diferentes Grandes Proyectos Culturales han tenido en la estructura de la ciudad y el patrimonio urbano, asi como el desarrollo distintivo de cada tipo de GPC. La aportacion de este articulo consta en la definicon del potencial de los cuatro tipos principales de GPC para el desarrollo urbano multidimensional y su impacto diversificado en las transformaciones de las ciudades modernas, junto con la identificacion de posibles amenazas, beneficios y oportunidades de desarrollo relacionados con diferentes tipos de GPC. EnglishThis study examines Great Cultural Projects (GCPs) as an element of the developmental process of cities. For this study, GCPs are regarded as a global phenomenon rather than cases that must be analyzed independently. The study focused on four types of GCPs: world and international exhibitions, horticultural exhibitions, Olympic Games, and the European Capitals of Culture. The research sample comprised 183 GCPs globally, organized between the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of the 21st century. The study analyzed the influence of different GCPs on city structure and urban heritage and focused on the distinctive development of each GCP type. The study’s novelty lies in recognition of the four main types of GCPs’ potential for multidimensional urban development and their diversified impact on the transformation of modern cities, along with the identification of potential threats, benefits, and development opportunities related to different GCP types.

Nel diciassettesimo secolo il Simkeşhane era il palazzo della Zecca ottomana costruito sul Forum Tauri (il Foro di Teodosio), il più grande forum di Costantinopoli nel quarto secolo a.C. Le vicende relative all’edificio e al suo contesto urbano sono caratterizzate da conflitti tra diversi attori e istituzioni. Negli anni Trenta del ventesimo secolo, il governo repubblicano aveva invitato Henri Prost (1874-1959) per il progetto di un nuovo piano regolatore urbano per Istanbul. Tra gli obiettivi di piano vi era la valorizzazione dell’Arco di Trionfo del Foro, situato nel cortile del Simkeşhane che Prost prevedeva di demolire. Il progetto di dismissione per favorire la città bizantina a scapito di quella ottomana fu definito dal Comitato per la Conservazione dei Monumenti Storici (Eski Eserleri Koruma Encümeni). Negli anni Cinquanta, il potere del governo repubblicano però passò in mano all’opposizione per un decennio, dunque si abbandonò l’obiettivo di secolarizzazione della società turca. Il nuovo governo, con il supporto degli Stati Uniti nella seconda metà degli anni Cinquanta, lanciò un nuovo ambizioso progetto urbano per Istanbul che prevedeva la distruzione di interi quartieri storici. Il Simkeşhane fu pertanto totalmente demolito per la creazione della grande arteria stradale del corso Ordu (Ordu Caddesi), pur restando una delle azioni più controverse del programma filostatunitense.

Over the past years, there were many sequenced laws to protect antiquities and archaeological areas, each of them has faults and gaps that prevented the real preservation of both the antiquities and the surrounding environment, as the law alone, regardless of its quality, is not sufficient for that task. The reason is that civilization and urban heritage are not only antiquities or old manuscripts, but they are a complete system and it is not permissible to omit one of its elements at the expense of other elements. Only here this research importance appears by studying the provision of legal cover for this urban heritage, not to impose penalties or imposing restrictions on actions, but to encourage the legal acquisition or possession, regulate circulation and develop the artistic awareness of the population and thus limit the phenomenon of smuggling and theft of antiquities, and on the other hand the development of the environment and housing compounds associated with those antiques. تعاقبت على مر سنين مضت قوانين کثيرة لحماية الآثار والمناطق الأثرية ، ولکل منها عيوب وثغرات حالت دون الحفاظ على کل من الآثار والبيئة العمرانية المحيطة بشکل حقيقي ، حيث أن القانون وحده لايکفي لتلک المهمة مهما کانت جودته ، ويرجع السبب إلى أن الحضارة و التراث ليسا آثار أو مخطوطات قديمة فحسب ، وإنما منظومة کاملة لايصح إغفال أحد عناصرها على حساب عناصر أخرى ، وأهم أحد تلک العناصر هو الإنسان ذاته ، کما أن الميراث الثقافي لاينبغي التعامل معه بشکل جزئي ، بل يجب إعتباره منظومة متکاملة الأهميات ، لأنه يعکس مدى رقي الأمة وثقافة مواطنيهم ، ووعيهم بمشارکة الدولة في الحفاظ عليه ، ومن هنا فقط تظهر أهمية هذا البحث بدراسة توفير غطاء قانوني لهذا التراث ، وليس لتوقيع عقوبات أو فرض قيود على التصرفات ، بل لتشجيع الإقتناء أو الحيازة القانونية وتنظيم التداول وتنمية الوعي الفني لدى السکان وبالتالي الحد من ظاهرة تهريب وسرقة الآثار ، ومن ناحية أخرى تطوير البيئة والتجمعات السکنية والعمرانية المرتبطة بتلک الآثار من خلالها.

The research in the geospatial data structuring and formats interoperability direction is the crucial task for creating a 3D Geodatabase at the urban scale. Both geometric and semantic data structuring should be considered, mainly regarding the interoperability of objects and formats generated outside the geographical space. Current reflections on 3D database generation, based on geospatial data, are mostly related to visualisation issues and context-related application. The purposes and scale of representation according to LoDs require some reflections, particularly for the transmission of semantic information.This contribution adopts and develops the integration of some tools to derive object-oriented modelling in the HBIM environment, both at the urban and architectural scale, from point clouds obtained by UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) photogrammetry.One of the paper’s objectives is retracing the analysis phases of the point clouds acquired by UAV photogrammetry technique and their suitability for multiscale modelling. Starting from UAV clouds, through the optimisation and segmentation, the proposed workflow tries to trigger the modelling of the objects according to the LODs, comparing the one coming from CityGML and the one in use in the BIM community. The experimentation proposed is focused on the case study of the city of Norcia, which like many other historic centres spread over the territory of central Italy, was deeply damaged by the 2016-17 earthquake.

RESUMEN La propuesta se enmarca en el proyecto de Amparo De Urbina que se desarrolla en el doctorado en Estudios Sociales, de la Universidad Externado, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, que tiene como objetivo identificar y caracterizar escenarios urbanos relevantes del centro de Bogotá, mediatizadas por la percepción colectiva de población local y foránea, desde una perspectiva relacional como insumo para complementar la valoración patrimonial vigente. Se busca hacer una lectura del patrimonio urbano, a la luz de imágenes del centro que algunos visitantes reportaron diariamente a Panoramio entre 2007 y 2014, una plataforma que hasta 2016 exhibía las fotografías de los lugares que los mismos usuarios registraban y georreferenciaban con base en sus experiencias en el lugar. Los resultados que se presentan en este artículo abordan tipologías de encuadre, ubicación del fotógrafo y la evidencia de algunos eventos propios del centro de la ciudad. ABSTRACT The proposal is part of the project of Amparo De Urbina in the doctorate in Social Studies, from the Externado University-Faculty of Social and Human Sciences. Its objective is to identify and characterize relevant urban settings in the center of Bogotá. Scenarios mediated by the collective perception of the local and foreign population from a relational perspective. This as an input to complement the current asset valuation. It seeks to make a reading of urban heritage, in the light of images of the center that some visitors reported daily to Panoramio between 2007 and 2014. Panoramio was a platform that until 2016 exhibited photographs of the places that the same users registered and georeferenced based on to their experiences in the territory. The results presented in this article show types of framing, location of the photographer and the evidence of some events typical of the city center. RESUMO A proposta faz parte do projeto de doutorado de Amparo De Urbina que se desenvolve em Estudos Sociais, na Universidade Externado-Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, que visa identificar e caracterizar configurações urbanas relevantes no centro de Bogotá, mediada pela percepção coletiva da população local e estrangeira, a partir de uma perspectiva relacional como um insumo para complementar a avaliação patrimonial vigente. Pretende-se fazer uma leitura do patrimônio urbano, à luz das imagens do centro, que alguns visitantes reportaram diariamente ao Panoramio entre 2007 e 2014, plataforma esta que até 2016 exibia as fotografias dos locais que os mesmos usuários registravam e georreferenciavam com base nas suas experiências no local. Os resultados apresentados neste artigo abordam tipologias de enquadramento, a localização do fotógrafo e a evidência de alguns eventos típicos do centro da cidade.

Gentrification has been an important process that rapidly reconfigures the socio-spatial landscapes of Chinese cities. Through the case of Laochengnan in Nanjing, this article contributes to bringing out the multiple and ambiguous positions of the state in the new build gentrification and the roles played by urban struggles in shaping the process. In particular, we highlight how residents and activists exploited the fragmented and conflicting interests within the state and activated connections with some state agents in the fight against the destruction of homes and urban heritage, which had led to reforms in urban heritage governance and changes in urban development modalities in Laochengnan. Although partial, the achievement of these struggles so far testifies to the potential to mobilize the state as one of the tactics to resist gentrification.

Since the 1960s, post-war modernist heritage has been largely criticised and victimised by the public opinion because of its material failures and elitist social projects. Despite these critiques, post-war modernist heritage is being reassessed, revalued and in some places successfully rehabilitated. There is a growing recognition that most of the critiques have often been the result of subjective and biased value and taste judgments or incomplete assessments that neither considered the urban design nor the users’ experiences. This paper aims to contribute to these reassessments of post-war modernist urban heritage legacies. To do so, it places the user’s social experiences and uses, and the urban design at the centre of the analysis, by using a combination of ethnographic methods and urban design analysis and focusing on the public spaces of Southbank Centre in London, the UK’s largest and most iconic and contested post-war modernist ensemble with a long history of conservation and regeneration projects. Taken together, the findings demonstrate the importance of including the users’ social experiences and uses in the conservation and regeneration agendas if we want to achieve more objective and inclusive assessments.

Introduction. Among the historical towns and settlements of Azerbaijan, the village of Lahij is one of the unique. Highly developed crafts, especially copper production, blacksmithing, and carpet making glorified Lahij masters not only in Azerbaijan but also abroad. The peculiar planning structure and architecture of Lahij were formed under the influence of craft production. Unfortunately, like many ancient settlements, Lahij is facing degradation associated with the socio-technical processes of modern civilization. Materials and methods. The paper uses theoretical analysis of scientific literature, graphic materials, and written sources. Research methods are based on systemic, spatial, and socio-functional approaches. Results. This article analyses the current state of the identified problems threatening the architectural and urban environment of the village of Lahij. Consideration is being given to ways of reviving craft production which is directly related to the architectural and construction tradition of the village. The article emphasizes the crucial role of tourism in the life of Lahij and its residents, noting also the danger posed by the growth of tourism. Conclusions. Based on the experience of preserving the environment in foreign historical towns, the author suggests using modern approaches in solving problems related to the management and use of the historical and cultural heritage in Lahij. Attention should be paid to the complex solution of problems considering architectural and urban planning, socio-economic and administrative-managerial issues.

The urban heritage fabric of Baghdad, especially its historical center, has great cultural andmaterial importance. However, there is no serious approach to regenerative policies or developmentstrategies for these areas, especially the residential urban fabric and traditional houses, which represent thegreater part of the urban heritage. In addition, the owners and users of these houses have not developed amature vision about the rationale and possibility of rehabilitating their homes, especially in light of theeconomic and social determinants, and the weak financing and technical capabilities. From here emergedthe research problem, which states: The lack of knowledge of the mechanisms and methods of architecturalrehabilitation of traditional houses, to preserve and ensure its functional and urban durability, especially byits owners or users. The main objective of the research was determined: to develop a theoretical frameworkfor a better understanding by the owners and residents of traditional housing, for the purpose of rehabilitatingtheir houses by efforts and self-capabilities, with support and technical advice from the relevant planningauthorities and local governments. In order to solve the research problem and achieve its goal, the hypothesiswas put forward which states: Architectural rehabilitation of traditional houses is achieved, in light of acomprehensive treatment of the defects and deficiencies in the three architectural characteristics of thehouses, functional, environmental and urban. By following the analytical descriptive approach, a theoreticalframework was constructed in light of the analysis of the components and elements of the traditionalBaghdadi houses, and its characteristics that form its integrated architectural personality, down to a standardset of vocabulary for rehabilitation that represent the theoretical indicators of the research. These indicatorswere applied to rehabilitate a group of traditional houses (five houses were selected for analysis and one ofthem was selected to apply the rehabilitation) in the Bab Al-Seef heritage district in the Baghdad-Al-Karkhhistorical center, after studying the reality of the district and its houses and diagnosing its deficiencies. Itemerged from the application of rehabilitation indicators that most of the deficiencies in the physical sidecan be remedied. As for the functional side, it is difficult to adjust the functional spaces due to the limitedspace and the mainly high usage density. As for the environmental aspect, it appeared that it is difficult tolimit itself to natural (passive) treatments and there is a need to employ mechanical and arteficial treatmentsin an integrated manner with natural treatments.

The historical, theoretical, scientific and practical aspects of architectural and restoration activities, which have observed in the aspect of the formation and development of architectural restoration education in Ukraine are considering within the article. Training issues of restoration specialists of real estate consideration is an important area of architectural higher education due to the need to replenish personnel for the development of scientific-, design- and professional activity spheres. The interdependence of the spheres of science, practice and education is a necessary condition for the preservation of cultural heritage, which currently exists as one of the important indicators of the state's cultural policy. The problem of mastering the architectural and urban planning heritage consists in the need to consider two opposing tendencies: the protection of the primary uniqueness of an architectural monument and the development of a historical urban environment with the involvement of modern architecture techniques, as a result of which historical authenticity is gradually lost and the urban environment is acquiring an increasingly universal and international character. In contemporary architectural design this problem is solved at the stage of developing urban planning documentation and detailed plans for the territory of historical areas, considering the system of restrictions on architectural and urban planning activities in the protection zones of cultural heritage objects of different use modes. The educational programs of the KhNUCEA Department of Reconstruction and Restoration of Architectural Objects have been developed considering professional competencies, aimed at mastering the world experience of achievements in the field of architectural and restoration education while maintaining the traditions that have developed over the years of the architectural education existence in Kharkov. The Department of Reconstruction and Restoration of Architectural Objects, formed in 1996, has united in its team specialists with experience in scientific and practical activities in the areas of urban planning restoration, restoration of architectural monuments, architectural archeology, reconstruction of historical objects.

This article focuses on the study of the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) approach from current international doctrines and analyses along with urban heritage conservation in Bangkok historic area. The results indicate that the HUL approach helps develop conservation in Thailand from conserving tangible elements as separate objects to conserving and managing tangible and intangible attributes of the entire area by considering holistic values. The approach also helps identify the elements that characterize the area, particularly the character-defining elements of traditional communities, and, furthermore, it offers appropriate means for designing new elements in the area and supports collaborative works among various sectors.

Authenticity is a fundamental concept in the conservation of architectural and urban heritage. It has a very close relationship with cultural heritage values as well as being a conveyor of such val...

The “Socialist Modernism” Project is part of an initiative by B.A.C.U. Association focused on protecting built heritage in the former socialist bloc. In that respect, we have launched a campaign for the preservation of buildings that are specific to the socialist modernist period (1955–1991). The architecture of the socialist period, more precisely the modernist tendencies in 1955–1991, is a specific trend in the evolution of architecture in the former socialist bloc. There is increasing international awareness for this trend, as indicated by the creation of scientific communities (the SocHeritage Platform, part of the ICOMOS International Scientific Committee for the 20th century). The chosen period in our study was set by historic events that led to this new architectural tendency. At the time, the approach was inspired by modernist architecture, which came to the capitalist states in Western Europe with a set of principles. In socialist countries, modernist trends first influenced the professional sphere, and through that influence, they were able to penetrate borders and the limits imposed by ideology.

The northern area of Bucharest has experienced a more recent urban development by including in the administrative limits, in successive stages, throughout the twentieth century, some suburban communes transformed into neighborhoods of the capital city as a result of the increasingly accelerated trend of the socio-economic development of Bucharest. This evolution was also favored by the construction of infrastructure elements (Băneasa Airport, Băneasa Railway Station), but also of cultural heritage elements (villas of Romanian cultural personalities), buildings that have a certain historical architectural and cultural value. The aim of this study is to analyze the cultural heritage of the northern area of Bucharest, based on a multicriteria evaluation (functional-chronological criterion correlated with the territorial one), of the historical monuments, in order to outline a series of measures of optimum capitalisation from the cultural and tourist perspective. Because the Northen area of Bucharest is individualized by cultural obiectives that represent symbolic elements of the capital city due to the functions they perform (representative museums, presidential station), the authors proposed several cultural routes in order to bring to light these valuable cultural objectives and to better capitalize them.

People are central to the idea of any intervention The unprotected urban heritage in Indian historic cities and towns is getting lost at a very fast pace. Heritage buildings have been abandoned, neglected, abused and left to decay. Innumerable risk factors, at the macro and the micro level of the historic urban settlements have been responsible for the decay of heritage buildings, posing a serious threat to the existence of the unprotected urban heritage. This article highlights the problems impacting urban heritage by investigating the built heritage in Bharatpur and Shekhawati regions of Rajasthan in India. The article draws attention towards lack of involvement of local communities in protecting the urban heritage. It discusses the role of local communities, especially owners and craftsmen, in conserving heritage buildings. Majority of the owners and occupants are not interested in conserving these structures nor do they have the necessary technical and financial means to do so. In this scenario, a participatory approach to conservation and management is the only means to conserve unprotected heritage buildings and structures. The article shares practical experiences and learnings from 21 years of practice in the field of built heritage conservation, highlighting the social aspects in the conservation of built heritage.

The literature on a ‘sense of place’ often sidelines the voices of children. Consequently, little is known about how children can be encouraged to develop a sense of place. This matters because a sense of place involves feelings of belonging and attachment, and can contribute to children’s wellbeing and identity. Informed by the research of Bartos and Severcan, we deploy data from a qualitative research project in a primary school in a former coalfield area in the north-east of England to argue that children’s experiences of learning about their urban local history and heritage can help to develop their sense of place. Placing children’s voices centrally in our research, we explore how they engage with learning about local mining history, and the impact of place-based pedagogy. Emphasising the possibilities and importance of their deep involvement with their urban heritage, we show, firstly, the ways in which children’s sense of place is strengthened when they develop a feeling of ownership over their own history. Secondly, we explore how children develop a sense of place through engaging their emotions and physicality, and, thirdly, their senses. We conclude that learning about local history through place-based pedagogy allows children to create and interpret historical events and develop a sense of place. Taking ownership of their history makes the children active participants in telling the story of their place. Children can then develop new ways of seeing themselves in places, as they make connections between the past, present and future.