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The monophyly and taxonomic validity of some currently accepted genera of gall wasps in the Cynipini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) are being challenged by recent systematic studies. Here we used morphological and molecular data to re-describe and revise the taxonomic limits of the monotypic genus Kokkocynips Pujade-Villar & Melika, previously recorded only from Mexico. We describe a new species from Panama, Kokkocynips panamensis Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey, reared from galls on Quercus salicifolia Neé, and add new records from Mexico for the type species of the genus K. doctorrosae Pujade-Villar. Six Nearctic species, Dryocosmus rileyi (Ashmead, 1896), D. imbricariae (Ashmead, 1896), D. coxii (Basset, 1881), D. deciduus (Beutenmueller, 1913), Callirhytis difficilis (Ashmead, 1887) and C. attractans (Kinsey, 1922) are transferred to Kokkocynips. Species of Kokkocynips are associated only with red oaks (Quercus section Lobatae (Fagaceae)) and are distributed in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, from Canada through Mexico and Panama. Taxonomic limits of Kokkocynips are discussed in light of the molecular phylogenetic relationships of the studied species. Diagnostic characters, gall description, distribution, and biological data of Kokkocynips species are given, including a key for the identification of the asexual generations of seven species., EM was funded by the Sistema Nacional de Investigación of the SENACYT in Panama, the University of Panama and research project SENACYT 52-2016-4-ITE15-05 and No. 266-20218. JLNA was supported by the research project MINECO/FEDER, UE CGL2015-66571-P. CTT was supported by USFS agreement 60-8042-8-002/8042-22000- 289-01-S.

The monophyly and taxonomic validity of some currently accepted genera of gall wasps in the Cynipini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) are being challenged by recent systematic studies. Here we used morphological and molecular data to redescribe and revise the taxonomic limits of the monotypic genus Kokkocynips Pujade-Villar & Melika, previously recorded only from Mexico. We describe a new species from Panama, Kokkocynips panamensis Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey, reared from galls on Quercus salicifolia Neé, and add new records from Mexico for the type species of the genus K. doctorrosae Pujade-Villar. Six Nearctic species, Dryocosmus rileyi (Ashmead, 1896), D. imbricariae (Ashmead, 1896), D. coxii (Basset, 1881), D. deciduus (Beutenmueller, 1913), Callirhytis difficilis (Ashmead, 1887) and C. attractans (Kinsey, 1922) are transferred to Kokkocynips. Species of Kokkocynips are associated only with red oaks (Quercus section Lobatae (Fagaceae)) and are distributed in the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, from Canada through Mexico and Panama. Taxonomic limits of Kokkocynips are discussed in light of the molecular phylogenetic relationships of the studied species. Diagnostic characters, gall description, distribution, and biological data of Kokkocynips species are given, including a key for the identification of the asexual generations of seven species., EM was funded by the Sistema Nacional de Investigación of the SENACYT in Panama, the University of Panama and research project SENACYT 52-2016-4-ITE15-05 and No. 266-20218. JLNA was supported by the research project MINECO/FEDER, UE CGL2015-66571-P. CTT was supported by USFS agreement 60-8042-8-002/8042-22000- 289-01-S.

International audience; La interacción de electrones rápidos con nanopartículas metálicas ha sido de gran interés científico y tecnológico debido a la posibilidad de explorar las propiedades ópticas de nanopartículas metálicas con resolución espacial sub-nanométrica y espectral en el orden de los meV. Esta combinación de información espacio-espectral es posible gracias a la microscopia electrónica de transmisión de barrido (STEM) junto a un espectrómetro de pérdida de energía de electrones (EELS). Recientemente, diferentes artículos han mostrado estudios EELS en nanoesferas de plata de tamaños inferiores a los 10 nm, dimensión en la cual se esperan efectos cuánticos, reportando resultados contradictorios a los obtenidos en décadas pasadas por la conocida técnica de absorbancia óptica. Esta discrepancia EELS-óptica ha sido tema de debate en los últimos años y en este artículo de revisión mostraremos como este problema se ha venido esclareciendo, considerando la influencia del haz de electrones sobre la interfaz partícula-medio.

La navegación marítima ha sido un factor de gran relevancia para el desarrollo de las sociedades a lo largo de la historia. Para ello, fue necesario la construcción de embarcaciones que se adaptaran a las circunstancias y necesidades de cada momento. Por este motivo, la evolución de la construcción naval siempre ha estado relacionada con la evolución de la sociedad. Desde el Antiguo Egipto hasta la actualidad los barcos han experimentado una gran variedad de modificaciones relativas a sus formas, tamaños y funciones. Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de la construcción de embarcaciones de madera. Centrándose en investigar las herramientas y utensilios, así como las técnicas utilizadas en aquella época por los maestros de la construcción de embarcaciones de madera. Que en la actualidad se siguen manteniendo prácticamente la totalidad de ellas, solo que algunas se han mejorado con la modernización.

Provitamin A carotenoids (ß-carotene, α-carotene, and ß-cryptoxanthin) contribute to the dietary intake of vitamin A and are associated with decreased risk of many chronic diseases. Besides their contents in foods, their bioaccessibility is of great interest since it represents the amount that will be absorbed in the gut. The aim of this study was to adopt, for the first time, the in vitro digestion model suitable for food, proposed in a consensus paper by Minekus et al. (2014), to assess the bioaccessibility of carotenoids from the fruits that are the major contributors to the intake of ß-cryptoxanthin in Spain (orange, tangerine, red pepper, peach, watermelon, and persimmon) and loquat. The highest ß-cryptoxanthin content and the lowest bioaccessibility was found in mandarin and loquat (13331.6 and 929.2 μg per 100 g respectively), whereas the highest contents of ß-carotene and α-carotene were recorded in red pepper (1135.3 and 90.4 μg per 100 g respectively). The bioaccessibility of ß-cryptoxanthin was similar to that of ß-carotene (0.02-9.8% and 1-9.1%, respectively) and was higher than that of ß-carotene in red pepper, watermelon and peach. α-Carotene bioaccessibility ranged between 0% and 4.6%. We discuss the critical factors for comparing our data: the form of the food being analyzed (raw/cooked/previously frozen, in the presence or absence of oil/fat) and the protocol for bioaccessibility assessment. Different food processing techniques may increase carotenoid bioaccessibility compared to raw food. However, given the difficulties encountered when comparing the results of studies on bioaccessibility, it seems logical to propose the application of the previously mentioned standardized in vitro protocol., Rocío Estévez-Santiago is the recipient of a JAE-Predoc grant from the Spanish Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), awarded under the program of the Junta para la Ampliación de Estudios, cofinanced by the European Social Fund (ESF). The support of the program for international connection iLINK+ (I-LINK0770) of the CSIC and the AZ Mercadante’s (Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP, proc. 13/50789-0), E Murillo’s (Universidad de Panamá) and AA Durant’s (INDICASAT, Panamá) critical contributions are acknowledged. The authors wish to thank Milagros Sánchez-Prieto for technical support and the financial support from ALIMNOVA-UCM951505.

[EN]: The species of Ormyridae that emerged of 15 from 65 gall morphotypes of Cynipidae in trees of the genus Quercus reported for Panama were studied. Specimens were collected from January 2008 to December 2010 in the cloud forests of the Cordillera Central of Panama. Three species of Ormyrus; O. hegeli, O. unifasciatipennis and O. venustus were identified parasitizing the gall inducers and inquiline species of the studied galls, with O. venustus being the most abundant species. This is the first report of O. hegeli from the Neotropics, a species which was previously recorded only from North America. The results extend the known distribution of this family of parasitoid wasps, and confirm the assumption that the lack of records of some groups of arthropods in Panamanian tropical forests is due to the lack of sampling rather than their absence., [ES]: Se estudiaron las especies de la familia Ormyridae emergidas de 15 de los 65 morfotipos de agallas inducidas por especies de la familia Cynipidae en árboles del género Quercus conocidas para Panamá. Las recolectas se realizaron entre enero de 2008 a diciembre de 2010 en los bosques nubosos de la Cordillera Central de Panamá. Se identificaron tres especies del género Ormyrus (Chalcidoidea: Ormyridae), O. hegeli,O. unifasciatipennis y O. venustus, parasitoides de las especies inductoras e inquilinas de las agallas hospedadoras. La especie más abundante fue O. venustus y, por primera vez, se reporta para el Neotrópico O. hegeli, que sólo había sido citada para Norteamérica. Los resultados amplían los registros de distribución de esta familia de avispas parasitoides y confirman la presunción de que la carencia de datos de algunos grupos de artrópodos en los bosques tropicales se debe más a la falta de muestreo y no a la ausencia de ellos en estas áreas., Enrique Medianero es miembro del Sistema Nacional de Investigación de Panamá y fue financiado con fondos de gobierno de Panamá a través de la Universidad de Panamá y la Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (SENACYT) bajo el proyecto No. 52-2016-4-ITE1505

This article belongs to the Special Issue State-of-the-Art Sensors Technology in Spain 2015., Manual prodding is still one of the most utilized procedures for identifying buried landmines during humanitarian demining activities. However, due to the high number of accidents reported during its practice, it is considered an outmoded and risky procedure and there is a general consensus about the need of introducing upgrades for enhancing the safety of human operators. With the aim of contributing to reduce the number of demining accidents, this paper presents an intelligent multisensory system for training operators in the use of prodders. The proposed tool is able to provide to deminers useful information in two critical issues: (a) the amount of force exerted on the target and if it is greater than the safe limit and, (b) to alert them when the angle of insertion of the prodder is approaching or exceeding a certain dangerous limit. Results of preliminary tests show the feasibility and reliability of the proposed design and highlight the potential benefits of the tool., Authors acknowledge funding from the European Commission under 7th Framework Programme (TIRAMISU Grant Agreement N° 284747) and partial funding from the CSIC project Robótica y sensors para los retos sociales (ROBSEN—PIE 20165E050) and the Robocity2030-III-CM project (Robótica aplicada a la mejora de la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos. Fase III; S2013/MIT-2748), funded by Programas de Actividades I+D en la Comunidad de Madrid and cofounded by Structural Funds of the EU. Roemi Fernández acknowledges the financial support from Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under the Ramón y Cajal Programme. Héctor Montes acknowledges support from Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá., CHF 1,350 APC fee funded by the EC FP7 Post-Grant Open Access Pilot

Ground bearing capacity has become a relevant concept for site-specific management that aims to protect soil from the compaction and the rutting produced by the indiscriminate use of agricultural and forestry machines. Nevertheless, commonly known techniques for its estimation are cumbersome and time-consuming. In order to alleviate these difficulties, this paper introduces an innovative sensory system based on Visible-Near InfraRed (VIS-NIR), Short-Wave InfraRed (SWIR) and Long-Wave InfraRed (LWIR) imagery and a sequential algorithm that combines a registration procedure, a multi-class SVM classifier, a K-means clustering and a linear regression for estimating the ground bearing capacity. To evaluate the feasibility and capabilities of the presented approach, several experimental tests were carried out in a sandy-loam terrain. The proposed solution offers notable benefits such as its non-invasiveness to the soil, its spatial coverage without the need for exhaustive manual measurements and its real time operation. Therefore, it can be very useful in decision making processes that tend to reduce ground damage during agricultural and forestry operations., The authors acknowledge funding from the European commission in the 7th Framework Programme (CROPS Grant Agreement No. 246252) and partial funding under ROBOCITY2030-III-CM project (Robótica aplicada a la mejora de la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos. Fase III; S2013/MIT-2748), funded by Programa de Actividades I + D en la Comunidad de Madrid and cofunded by Structural Funds of the EU. Héctor Montes also acknowledges support from Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá., We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)., CHF 1,620 APC fee funded by the EC FP7 Post-Grant Open Access Pilot

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es diseñar un generador eólico para aplicaciones de baja potencia y que funcione adecuadamente para bajas velocidades de viento Intentando que dicho generador sea fácil de construir y no tenga un coste muy elevado. Este trabajo se centrará solo en el diseño del aerogenerador. Outgoing

88 p. :il, Libro Electrónico, El Ministerio de Educación de Panamá (MEDUCA) ha tomado la iniciativa de instalar arranque dual en las computadoras de los colegios públicos del país que incluye un sistema operativo de Software Libre. Esto supone un reto importante de preparar a docentes y estudiantes para estar en capacidad de utilizar las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC) y así mejorar y modernizar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en todos los niveles de escolaridad.El sistema operativo libre elegido para el arranque dual por parte del MEDUCA fue Edubuntu1; una plataforma robusta y estable que contiene una gran variedad de software educativo para una extensa cantidad de asignaturas y niveles de enseñanza. Edubuntu es mantenido por una comunidad internacional de educadores y voluntarios comprometidos con facilitar herramientas que permitan a docentes de todo el mundo, aprovechar las ventajas de las tecnologías aplicadas a la educación de una forma libre y sin restricciones., Software Libre. --Sistema Operativo Edubuntu. --Catálogo de Software Libre. --Premedia. --Media. --Aplicaciones de oficina Suite de oficina OpenOffice.org. --Internet. --Gráficos. --Sonido y video.

Este proyecto se divide en tres capítulos. En el primero se aborda la obtención de las medidas principales, diseño de las formas y estructura. En el segundo se dimensionan los sistemas necesarios para un correcto funcionamiento de la embarcación. Por último, en el tercer capítulo, se explica el proceso constructivo de una nave de estas características. Durante el desarrollo de este proyecto, se hace uso de herramientas informáticas especializadas. Para la generación de la carena y superficies del casco y superestructura, se emplea Rhinoceros. Para los cálculos hidrostáticos y de resistencia al avance, Maxsurf. Para los cálculos mediante elementos finitos, Ramseries. Para las labores de organización, Gantter y para cálculos generales, Excel. Finalmente se crea un modelo de coordinación BIM en el programa Revit de Autodesk. Para la explicación del proceso constructivo, se desarrolla la estrategia de construcción, se presenta el espacio físico dentro del territorio panameño donde se dispondrá la construcción, se especifica el tiempo para cada proceso y, por último, se estima un presupuesto completo donde se presentan la cantidad de insumos por sistema, costos de instalación y costes operativos. Outgoing

Outgoing

Image registration for sensor fusion is a valuable technique to acquire 3D and colour information for a scene. Nevertheless, this process normally relies on feature-matching techniques, which is a drawback for combining sensors that are not able to deliver common features. The combination of ToF and RGB cameras is an instance that problem. Typically, the fusion of these sensors is based on the extrinsic parameter computation of the coordinate transformation between the two cameras. This leads to a loss of colour information because of the low resolution of the ToF camera, and sophisticated algorithms are required to minimize this issue. This work proposes a method for sensor registration with non-common features and that avoids the loss of colour information. The depth information is used as a virtual feature for estimating a depth-dependent homography lookup table (Hlut). The homographies are computed within sets of ground control points of 104 images. Since the distance from the control points to the ToF camera are known, the working distance of each element on the Hlut is estimated. Finally, two series of experimental tests have been carried out in order to validate the capabilities of the proposed method., The authors acknowledge funding from the European commission in the 7th Framework Programme (CROPS Grant Agreement No. 246252) and partial funding under ROBOCITY2030-III-CM project (Robótica aplicada a la mejora de la calidad de vida de los ciudadanos. Fase III; S2013/MIT-2748), funded by Programa de Actividades I+D en la Comunidad de Madrid and cofunded by Structural Funds of the EU. Héctor Montes also acknowledges support from Universidad Tecnológica de Panamá. We acknowledge support by the CSIC Open Access Publication Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI)., CHF 1,620 APC fee funded by the EC FP7 Post-Grant Open Access Pilot