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Background. Bladder cancer, or urothelial carcinoma, is a common, aggressive, and still difficult to predict disease. For adequate therapy, timely diagnosis is essential since early detection of this tumor can significantly increase patient's survival at any age. Molecular genetic studies in cancer patients, including those with urothelial carcinoma, are becoming increasingly important. A number of major molecular genetic biomarkers of urothelial carcinoma are described in the world literature and used in clinical practice, however, information on the role of microRNA (miRNA) studies in the diagnosis of this disease has become available only in recent years.Aim. To examine information of the world literature on the significance of miRNA identification in resected bladder tissues with non-muscle invasive urothelial tumors.Materials and methods. We studied information from the world medical literature in the PubMed, CrossRef and Scopus databases dated between 2001 and 2022 on the significance of miRNA identification in resected bladder tissues with non-muscle invasive urothelial tumors.Results. The results of the studies demonstrate that predictive levels of some miRNAs, as well as their associated proteins, should be assessed in the original tumor tissue and urinary vesicles in different clinical settings. The use of molecular genetic research, as one of the new diagnostic methods, will allow to personalize treatment for a particular patient and, if necessary, make a choice in favor of a more aggressive treatment method. In turn, this will increase the overall survival and quality of life of patients with aggressive tumors.Conclusion. The next few years may bring many new discoveries that will help to unlock the secrets of miRNA dysregulation in urothelial carcinoma, leading to development and application of new targeted therapies in this patient population.

RNA isolation from fungi and fungus-like organisms is not an easy task. Active endogenous RNases quickly hydrolyze RNA after the sample collection, and the thick cell wall prevents inhibitors from penetrating the cells. Therefore, the initial collection and grinding steps may be crucial for the total RNA isolation from the mycelium. When isolating RNA from Phytophthora infestans, we varied the grinding time of the Tissue Lyser and used TRIzol and beta-mercaptoethanol to inhibit the RNase. In addition, we tested the mortar and pestle grinding of mycelium in liquid nitrogen, with this method showing the most consistent results. During the sample grinding with the Tissue Lyser device, adding an RNase inhibitor proved to be a prerequisite, and the best results were achieved using TRIzol. We considered ten different combinations of grinding conditions and isolation methods. The classical combination of a mortar and pestle, followed by TRIzol, has proved to be the most efficient.

The article presents the results of experimental studies of mutual high-precision navigation methods for unmanned and specialized transport systems. The proposed methods are based on the application of the relative operating modes of two or more angle-measuring receivers of global navigation satellite systems signals. To conduct research, a software and hardware complex has been developed, consisting of two angle-measuring receivers of global navigation satellite systems signals, a turntable and a computer model of the navigation system of unmanned and specialized transport systems. It provides the positioning error of the antenna system in angular coordinates less than 1 arc minute, which allows it to be used as a reference when measuring the angular displacements of the receiver of global navigation satellite systems signals antenna system. The results of measurements of planar and angular coordinates both in autonomous and relative phase modes of operation of goniometric receivers global navigation satellite systems signals are presented and analyzed. It has been established that the root-mean-square error of measuring relative coordinates was 0,019 meter. A further increase in the relative position measurement accuracy is possible by taking measures to reduce the multipath reception error, which is the most significant uncorrelated position measurement error by two sets of receivers of global navigation satellite systems signals. Thus, the methods of mutual high-precision navigation using angle-measuring receivers of global navigation satellite systems signals have high accuracy without the use of external information about differential corrections. This will allow the operation of unmanned or special transport systems in hard-toreach and northern regions, in conditions of lack of communication and other adverse factors.

In the presented clinical observation in early age patients with thrombophilia, bacterial endocarditis, mechanical compression of the iliac vessels of large uterine fibroids, the detection of recurrence of ischemic stroke. The article discusses the diagnostic requirements for the verification of these pathologies.

First physics results of the BM@N experiment at the Nuclotron/NICA complex are presented on {\pi}+ and K+ meson production in interactions of an argon beam with fixed targets of C, Al, Cu, Sn and Pb at 3.2 AGeV. Transverse momentum distributions, rapidity spectra and multiplicities of $\pi^+$ and $K^+$ mesons are measured. The results are compared with predictions of theoretical models and with other measurements at lower energies., Comment: 29 pages, 20 figures

The article provides a historical and legal analysis of the «Order to the forest ranger and forester at the state forests» issued in 1869 (hereafter – Order). This form of regulation was used in the second half of the 19th - beggining of 20th century by various government institutions and even private persons to determine the competence of their employees. The Order in the period in question can be considered the key written policy for the forest guards serving in the state forests. It was adopted in 1869 after a largescale reform of the organizational and functionary system of the state Forest Guard. The Order specified the official status of foresters and rangers, their duties in the field of forest management and forest protection. The Order was a laconic, relatively short document, easy to comprehend and memorize. Foresters and rangers were required to carry around a printed copy of the pocket-size Order. The employees of the Forest Guard were required to know the provisions of the Order and strictly follow the instructions contained in it. In some cases, due to the specifics of forestry in certain regions of the Russian Empire, the text of the Order could be adjusted.

First physics results of the BM@N experiment at the Nuclotron/NICA complex are presented on π+ and K+ meson production in interactions of an argon beam with fixed targets of C, Al, Cu, Sn and Pb at 3.2 AGeV. Transverse momentum distributions, rapidity spectra and multiplicities of $π^+$ and $K^+$ mesons are measured. The results are compared with predictions of theoretical models and with other measurements at lower energies., 29 pages, 20 figures

A significant part of the scientific heritage of M. S. Bokarius, including reports, overviews, and reviews of the works of leading forensic medical examiners and lawyers from around the world has no bibliographic description and has not been put into scientific circulation. Throughout the pages of "Archives of Criminology and Forensic Medicine" and the Ukrainian-language journal: "Issues of Criminalistics and Forensic Science", the scientist reviewed more than 80 research papers. The peculiarity of the Editorial Board of Bokarius "Archives…" was that a significant number of reviews, overviews, etc., was published by the edition. Mykolai Serhiiovych is an author of more than 70 full-fledged analytical reports; and another 10 in the journal: "Issues of Criminalistics and Forensic Science". The scientist reviewed not only articles, textbooks, monographs by domestic authors, but also research papers of many foreign forensic scientists and criminologists from all over Europe, the USA, Japan, and countries of South America. Reports of scientific articles were reproduced in the journal in French, German and English, Italian and Spanish. All this became possible due to the fact that Mykolai Serhiiovych himself was a gifted linguist and spoke 17 foreign languages. The Article Purpose is a scientific search for new works by the scientist and a fundamental study of 5 issues of the "Archives of Criminology and ForensicMedicine" published in 1926—1927 and 6 issues of the "Issues of Criminalistics and Forensic Science" journal for 1931.

A brief description of the calorimeter and its original design is given. The main attention is paid to the development of the simulation code and its testing, as well as to the assessment of the influence of structural elements on the characteristics of the calorimeter. First results on the way of simulating its time response are presented.

The electromagnetic calorimeter is an important part of the MPD detector, which helps to study properties of the dense nuclear matter produced in heavy-ion collisions at NICA. The high-granularity electromagnetic calorimeter (ECal) is optimized to measure the spatial coordinates and energy of photons and electrons. The production of the calorimeter modules started this year. This report presents the methods and results of the testing and calibration of the ECal modules. A technique for measuring assemblies of calorimeter modules on cosmic muons was developed, which allows calibrating a large number of modules in a wide dynamic range during a limited time. Periodic quality control measurements and determination of the main physical parameters of modules were proposed to be carried out with an electron beam at various energies. For this purpose, the electron beam of S-25R Pakhra synchrotron of the Lebedev Physics Institute has been proposed. A secondary electron channel was commissioned on the bremsstrahlung photon beam and transported to the calibration area. Simulation programs for the beam and cosmic tests were developed. The experimental results in comparison with simulated data are presented and discussed.

The article discusses approaches to teaching the "Biotechnology" module in modern technological education in the context of its digital transformation. On the example of using digital simulations and models, the methodological aspects of using educational tools that allow organizing the interactive cognitive activity of students when caring for plants are described. The experience of using a remote controlled hydroponics system in technology lessons is described. A description of the means and tools, software for the remote hydroponics system and a methodology for constructing technology lessons for growing indoor and vegetable plants are given. It is noted that the creation and application of a hydroponics system is a unique example of interdisciplinary integration of knowledge in ecology, biology, informatics and technology. The proposed approaches to the use of modern digital means make it possible to activate the cognitive activity of students in the study of modern biotechnologies and in practice to apply basic knowledge of programming.

The crystal and molecular structure of tris(tetrabutylammonium) pentanitratoplumbate(II) was determined and characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The structure is compared to other tetra-n-butylammonium-based metal complexes with inorganic ligands, showing a significant difference in space group and local surroundings. The Pb2+ cation is surrounded by five NO3− groups, forming a stable complex only in the crystal field. Part of (C4H9)4N+ cations are distorted significantly changing geometry from tetrahedra to almost flat (square) at room temperature. Discussion on possible reorientational motion of organic groups at high temperatures and its influence on ion transport processes within the crystal structure of tetra-n-butylammonium-based organic ionic plastic crystals is provided.

Modern GNSS navigation equipment has a significant drawback — low noise immunity. To solve this problem, they are based on phased array antennas using adaptive signal processing algorithms. The final effect of such processing is determined by the level and completeness of using the existing differences, as well as the quality of accounting for each of them, depending on the degree of fame of the statistical characteristics of signals and interference. The article discusses the theory of synthesis of an algorithm for measuring the parameters of radio navigation signals received on spaced antennas under the influence of interference

This article is a review of modern seismic technologies used in the study of carbonate reservoirs of oil and gas. Special attention is paid to areas of high fracture density, since the overwhelming majority of producing wells are associated with them. After analyzing the spatial behavior of natural fractures in carbonate rocks, we consider direct fracture indicators. They exploit azimuthal anisotropy of the amplitudes and velocities of both pressure and shear waves that is caused by an idealized model of fracture sets. Such a model assumes the presence of a fairly wide zone of flat, parallel and equidistant open fractures. Then, indirect fracture indicators, which are less demanding on the regularity of fracture behavior in space, are briefly analyzed. These are seismic post-stack attributes, such as dip angle, image coherence, curvature and other characteristics of reflecting horizons, as well as increased values of inelastic (in particular, azimuth-dependent) absorption and scattering of seismic waves. More attention is paid to simultaneous inversion of pre-stack seismic data, which allows calculating the ratio of the velocities of pressure waves and shear waves. Judging by numerous literary sources, relatively low values of this parameter serve as an indicator of the presence of fractures in carbonate rocks. We show that a set of parallel macrofractures can significantly affect the seismic estimates of this parameter and in no way affect its estimates from well log data. The impact of this mechanism is shown on the data from an area in the southeastern part of the West Siberian platform. Finally, the technology of imaging subvertical fractured zones (fractured corridors) using migration of duplex waves is considered. This type of waves has advantages over conventional reflected waves when visualizing subvertical objects. The effectiveness of this technology is demonstrated on seismic data from two areas in the Timan-Pechora oil-and-gas province.

The paper considers the possibilities and conditions for the unambiguous determination of the coordinates and angular orientation of the onboard direction – finder antenna placed on a moving object, based on the results of the azimuth-elevation radio direction finding of radio reference points. The coordinates of a moving object are determined by taken at one or several receiving points on board of a moving object measurements of radio signal delay time emitted simultaneously by at least three radio reference points. The unambiguous angular orientation in space is determined by measuring the viewing angles of at least three radio reference points of at least two direction finding pairs of receiving points with intersecting (non-collinear) bases. The article presents the mathematical features of determining the spatial position of onboard DF antenna, a general approach used for solving the problem of azimuth-elevation radio direction finding of three radio reference points, methods for determining the distance to radio reference points based on the results of their azimuth-elevation radio direction finding, and the analysis of the research results

Many tasks of digital signal processing require the implementation of matrix operations in real time. These are operations of matrix inversion or solving systems of linear algebraic or dif- ferential equations (Kalman filter). The transition to the implementation of digital signal processing on programmable logic device (FPGAs), as a rule, involves calculations based on the representation of numbers with a fixed point. This makes solving spatio-temporal processing problems practically im- possible based on conventional computational methods. The article discusses the implementation of spatial-temporal signal processing algorithms in satellite broadband systems using QR decomposition. The technologies of CORDIC computations required for recurrent QR decomposition when used together in systolic algorithms are presented

In conditions of a significant reduction in the amount of wastewater, associated with a drop in industrial production in Ukraine in recent decades, the mineralization of surface waters of Dnipro river and other rivers of its basin decreased. This generally contributes to their recovery. At the same time, mining (including iron ore enterprises) continues to be one of the largest environmental pollutants. There are Ga, Ge, Be, ,n, V, Mn, Ca, Cu, Te, Cr, Si, Pb, Mq, Ba, Zn, Zr, Au and other chemical elements in the rocks of iron ore deposits. Mining enterprises often border agricultural land, where chemical elements of varying degrees of danger fall into the soil as a result of fertilizing and treating plants with pesticides. Almost complete saturation with specific soil elements leads to the fact that a new portion of these ele-ments obtained with fertilizers can freely migrate to underground aquifers (mainly to the first non-pressure aquifer) and, as a result of sur-face flushing from the catchment area, ultimately, fall into surface watercourses and pollute them. On the example of Krivbas it is shown that due to the combined action of factors of industrial (and, first of all, mining) and agricultural activity in the region, new stable natural and technogenic geosystems have long been formed, in which surface and underground waters and aeration zone are the most vulnerable elements. In modern conditions of reducing the negative impact of industrial (including mining) production, the question of studying the environmental impact of the activity of the agro-industrial complex and determining its share in the total technogenic load of the south of Krivbas is becoming increasingly relevant. The main pollutants of soil and groundwater (and hereinafter - surface water and bottom sedi-ments) in this region, together with mining waste, include fertilizers and pesticides that are excessively introduced into the soil. The issue of pollution of farmland bordering mining facilities requires a detailed comprehensive study, including development of a method for distin-guishing between the influence (contribution) of mining and agricultural complexes in the pollution of a specific territory.

Nanocomposites highly loaded with various iron oxides were obtained by thermal treatment of SBA-15 mesoporous silica soaked in concentrated freshly prepared ferric oxalate aqueous solution. Ultradispersed iron oxide particles appeared to cover external surface of the matrix as well as to be embedded into the depth of silica. We showed that CO evolving during the thermal decomposition of ferric oxalate added at the second impregnation stage is able to reduce the iron(III) oxide preliminary formed by oxidative thermolysis of the salt having been initially loaded.

In plants, salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone that mediates a plant’s defense against pathogens. SA also takes an active role in a plant’s response to various abiotic stresses, including chilling, drought, salinity, and heavy metals. In addition, in recent years, numerous studies have confirmed the important role of SA in plant morphogenesis. In this review, we summarize data on changes in root morphology following SA treatments under both normal and stress conditions. Finally, we provide evidence for the role of SA in maintaining the balance between stress responses and morphogenesis in plant development, and also for the presence of SA crosstalk with other plant hormones during this process.

The mobility and variability of the atmosphere and near-Earth space make it extremely important to obtain experimental information about its dynamic characteristics – speed, wind direction and degree of turbulence. One of the promising methods for obtaining these data is vertical radar sounding of the atmosphere. Vertical sounding radars or wind profilometers are a relatively new type of equipment for studying the atmosphere and thermosphere. Vertical sounding radars are designed for remote non-contact determination of wind speed parameters above the sounding point in the troposphere and the lower part of the thermosphere. To obtain information on the dynamics of atmospheric movements the phenomenon of reflection of electromagnetic waves from turbulent formations and formations of a different nature is used. The temporal position of the reflected signal and the frequency shift due to the Doppler effect give accurate information about the height and speed of movement of atmospheric inhomogeneities. An analysis of the parameters of the reflected signals makes it possible to obtain in real time the altitude-time field of the wind speed and turbulence intensity. The physical principles underlying the operation of these stations allow continuous measurements, regardless of weather conditions. The article discusses the main methods for measuring the vertical profile of the atmosphere and the lower part of the thermosphere, scanning methods and classification of sounding means for the vertical profile of the atmosphere, as well as the features of the functioning and construction of vertical sounding radars with a low-element array.

When it comes to sharing overlapping seismic surveys and testing various energy sources, geophysicists have to deal with data having different spectral characteristics. It is very important to note that such data share the same information on the reflectivity of the medium, which is of interest to us. In order to combine such redundant data optimally and estimate the reflectivity of the medium more effectively, this article proposes using multichannel reverse Wiener filtering. To avoid the problems associated with a possible difference in the data acquisition systems of overlapping surveys, it is proposed to reduce the amount of information processed and to combine the final seismic images obtained from each of the independent surveys or from different sources. The theory of the optimal method is presented and the structure of the solution obtained is analyzed. It is shown that the method can be represented as a combination of the optimal frequency-dependent weighted summation of images with the subsequent single-channel inverse Wiener filtering (deconvolution) of the summation result. A theoretical comparison of the optimal method with simplified analogues wherein the first step is a simple unweighted summation without and with elimination of the wavelet phase spectra of images is performed. It is shown that the greater the difference between the spectra of the signal components of images at a given frequency, the greater the advantage of the optimal method of combining them over the simplified variants. The article stresses that since seismic exploration capabilities basically allow only signal parameters to be changed, the greatest effect from the optimal method can be achieved due to maximum mutual displacement (minimum mutual overlap) along the frequency axis of the spectra of the wavelets of combined images. This is theoretically confirmed by the calculation of the spectrum of the optimal complementary signal the addition of which to the existing set to participate in optimally combining ensures maximum efficiency of this procedure. The rationale is given that the optimal procedure should be performed only within the frequency interval where the signal averaged over the number of images prevails over the averaged noise. The method is tested on synthetic data. It is shown that its efficiency monotonously increases with increasing the input signal-to-noise ratio, the number of images involved in processing, and the mutual frequency shift of their spectra, i.e. as the degree of overlap of these spectra decreases. Moreover, the effectiveness of the method is confirmed on a field line from the Dnieper-Donets depression, which was independently worked out with dynamite and vibratory sources. It is shown that the optimal method provides the most regular and resolved reflections across the entire image, which significantly exceeds the results of independent single-channel deconvolutions of the images obtained with both types of sources and of their simplified combination.

The fixed-point hardware architecture of the QR decomposition is constrained by a several issues that leads to decrease of a compute accuracy depending on a matrix size. In this article described the hardware architectures based on CORDIC algorithm and approximation functions. As a basis technique is used a Givens rotation technique, because it is a most suitable technique for hardware implementation

This paper focuses on the description of a technology and results of identifying and mapping areas in Devonian carbonate rocks prospective for hydrocarbons and associated with increased fracture-cavern porosity in the southeastern part of the West Siberian Platform. The lack of wide-azimuthal seismic data and recording of only the vertical component in the study area did not allow the use of the direct indicators of fracture systems based either on azimuthal anisotropy of the amplitudes of pressure waves or on splitting converted waves into fast and slow. Instead, abnormally low values of the ratio of pressure-wave and shear-wave velocities derived by deterministic simultaneous pre-stack seismic inversion were used as an indirect indicator of increased fracturing. The choice of this seismic signature of fractures is substantiated by a brief review of publications on its successful use in the identification and delineation of highly fractured and cavernous zones in carbonate reservoirs. The behaviour of the indicator showed good agreement with well productivity in the study area and, therefore, made it possible to predict a number of perspective pay zones, presumably associated with in-creased fracturing. At the same time, however, well log estimates of the velocity ratio related to fractured reservoirs exhibited an opposite trend, which mismatched the facts observed in the study area and reported in the literature. This apparent discrepancy is explained by the impact of near-vertical natural macro-fracturing, which, due to different measurement scales, might substantially reduce seismic estimates while producing no impact on well log estimates. In order to describe this phenomenon quantitatively, the weak-anisotropy approximation of P-wave reflection coefficients at a horizontal boundary derived by Ruger for transversely isotropic media with a horizontal axis of symmetry was used. This equation was rewritten in terms of impedances and density and then was analyzed analytically. To express the impact of fractures in terms of fracture density, the simplest model of thin, isolated, penny-shaped fractures was used.

The influence of mesoporous silica matrix on the thermolysis of ferric oxalate loaded into its pores was studied. A significant decrease in the onset of the thermal decomposition temperature of ferric oxalate was observed. The maximum of the second decomposition stage of ferric oxalate in argon atmosphere was also appeared to be shifted by 30-40°C when thermolysis occurred in pores. These effects were accounted for the amorphous state of ferric oxalate and enhanced reactivity of highly dispersed particles

Iron-containing oxides are the most important functional substance class and find a tremendous variety of applications. An attractive modern application is their use in biomedical technologies as components in systems for imaging, drug delivery, magnetically mediated hyperthermia, etc. In this paper, we report the results of the experimental investigation of submicron Y3Fe5O12 garnet particles obtained in different sizes by solution combustion synthesis (SCS) using glycine organic fuel to discuss the interdependence of peculiarities of the crystal and magnetic structure and size’s influence on its functional magnetothermal performance. A complex study including Mössbauer and Raman spectroscopy accompanied by X-ray diffractometry, SEM, and measurements of field and temperature magnetic properties were performed. The influence of the size effects and perfectness of structure on the particle set magnetization was revealed. The ranges of different mechanisms of magnetothermal effect in the AC magnetic field were determined.

In the article the results of experimental studies of the power amplifier Q-band chip-based NC116150C-4345P10. This microcircuit is made on the basis of gallium nitride (GaN) technology and has high reliability, efficiency, and relatively low cost. In the production of power amplifiers GaN technology has been widely used due to the high breakdown voltage of a wide band gap [1]–[4]. The Q-band is still rather poorly mastered and the study of the characteristics of amplifiers at these frequencies is fraught with some difficulties. The paper presents a technique for measuring the characteristics of a power amplifier in the Q- band. The schemes for measuring the linear and amplitude characteristics of the amplifier, the results of experimental studies and signal spectra at the maximum output power of the amplifier are presented. An experimental study of the characteristics of the amplifier made it possible to determine the possibility of its application in satellite communication systems, when calculating the energy potential of the Earth-satellite radio link and the reliability of the satellite channel.

The results of the development of a measuring complex for studying the directional characteristics of antennas of earth stations of satellite communications in the Q-band are presented. A block diagram of the measuring complex has been developed and its appearance is shown. The first results of experimental studies of a satellite earth station antenna with a diameter of 0.5 m are presented. It is a two-mirror design of the Cassegrain scheme with a parabolic reflector. The measurements were made with a spherical scanner using the spiral scanning method.

The problem of increasing the noise-proof feature of communication systems, along with increasing the communication channel capacity, is currently important. In many areas of wireless engineering (in radiolocation and communications for example), it becomes necessary to receive and process signals, some characteristics of which (for example, amplitude, frequency, or initial phase) are unknown. Methods of statistical radio engineering, as well as algorithms for blind signal processing, can be used to eliminate a priori uncertainty. The problem of comparative analysis of some common algorithms for blind signal processing in the tasks of separating radio signals from mixtures with interference and noise was considered. In the study, the algorithms JADE, FastICA, SOBI and AMUSE were considered. Amplitude-, frequency- and phase-shift keyed signals against the background of additive noise, impulse noise and cochannel noise were considered as useful signals. Based on the results of simulation modeling, the effectiveness of these algorithms is compared when distinguishing between several types of signals in the presence of various types of interference. The above research results can be useful when choosing a blind processing algorithm for subsequent practical application.

From superconductors to atomic nuclei, strongly-interacting many-body systems are ubiquitous in nature. Measuring the microscopic structure of such systems is a formidable challenge, often met by particle knockout scattering experiments. While such measurements are fundamental for mapping the structure of atomic nuclei, their interpretation is often challenged by quantum mechanical initial- and final-state interactions (ISI/FSI) of the incoming and scattered particles. Here we overcome this fundamental limitation by measuring the quasi-free scattering of 48 GeV/c 12C ions from hydrogen. The distribution of single protons is studied by detecting two protons at large angles in coincidence with an intact 11B nucleus. The 11B detection is shown to select the transparent part of the reaction and exclude the otherwise large ISI/FSI that would break the 11B apart. By further detecting residual 10B and 10Be nuclei, we also identified short-range correlated (SRC) nucleon-nucleon pairs, and provide direct experimental evidence for the separation of the pair wave-function from that of the residual many-body nuclear system. All measured reactions are well described by theoretical calculations that do not contain ISI/FSI distortions. Our results thus showcase a new ability to study the short-distance structure of short-lived radioactive atomic nuclei at the forthcoming FAIR and FRIB facilities. These studies will be pivotal for developing a ground-breaking microscopic understanding of the structure and properties of nuclei far from stability and the formation of visible matter in the universe., Comment: Accepted for publication in Nature Physics. 28 pages, 19 figures, and 1 table including main text, Methods, and Supplementary materials

Particle knockout scattering experiments1,2 are fundamental for mapping the structure of atomic nuclei2–6, but their interpretation is often complicated by initial- and final-state interactions of the incoming and scattered particles1,2,7–9. Such interactions lead to reduction in the scattered particle flux and distort their kinematics. Here we overcome this limitation by measuring the quasi-free scattering of 48 GeV c–1 12C ions from hydrogen. The distribution of single protons is studied by detecting two protons at large angles in coincidence with an intact 11B nucleus. The 11B detection suppresses the otherwise large distortions of reconstructed single-proton distributions induced by initial- and final-state interactions. By further detecting residual 10B and 10Be nuclei, we also identified short-range correlated nucleon–nucleon pairs9–13 and provide direct experimental evidence for separation of the pair wavefunction from that of the residual many-body nuclear system9,14. All measured reactions are well described by theoretical calculations that include no distortions from the initial- and final-state interactions. Our results showcase the ability to study the short-distance structure of short-lived radioactive nuclei at the forthcoming Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR)15 and Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB)16 facilities, which is relevant for understanding the structure and properties of nuclei far from stability and the formation of visible matter in the Universe. Initial- and final-state interactions distort the kinematics in particle knockout scattering experiments, complicating their interpretation. These effects are suppressed by detecting 11B nuclei in quasi-free scattering of 12C ions from hydrogen.

The Multi Purpose Detector (MPD) is one of the detectors at the NICA collider and the Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECal) is an important part of MPD. The cylindrical ECal system consists of 2400 ECal modules. In the first stage (2020–2024), Tsinghua University (THU) will produce 460 ECal modules for MPD project. This article mainly introduces the production, quality control and cosmic ray test of ECal modules in THU. The process flow, quality control standards, and testing system of ECal production have been established, which guarantees the high-quality completion of mass production on schedule. Up to now, nearly 360 modules have been manufactured, and a total of 460 modules will be produced by June 2022.

This article is a review of modern seismic technologies used in the study of carbonate reservoirs of oil and gas. Special attention is paid to areas of high fracture density, since the overwhelming majority of producing wells are associated with them. After analyzing the spatial behavior of natural fractures in carbonate rocks, we consider direct fracture indicators. They exploit azimuthal anisotropy of the amplitudes and velocities of both pressure and shear waves that is caused by an idealized model of fracture sets. Such a model assumes the presence of a fairly wide zone of flat, parallel and equidistant open fractures. Then, indirect fracture indicators, which are less demanding on the regularity of fracture behavior in space, are briefly analyzed. These are seismic post-stack attributes, such as dip angle, image coherence, curvature and other characteristics of reflecting horizons, as well as increased values of inelastic (in particular, azimuth-dependent) absorption and scattering of seismic waves. More attention is paid to simultaneous inversion of pre-stack seismic data, which allows calculating the ratio of the velocities of pressure waves and shear waves. Judging by numerous literary sources, relatively low values of this parameter serve as an indicator of the presence of fractures in carbonate rocks. We show that a set of parallel macrofractures can significantly affect the seismic estimates of this parameter and in no way affect its estimates from well log data. The impact of this mechanism is shown on the data from an area in the southeastern part of the West Siberian platform. Finally, the technology of imaging subvertical fractured zones (fractured corridors) using migration of duplex waves is considered. This type of waves has advantages over conventional reflected waves when visualizing subvertical objects. The effectiveness of this technology is demonstrated on seismic data from two areas in the Timan-Pechora oil-and-gas province., Представлен обзор современных технологий сейсморазведки, используемых при изучении карбонатных резервуаров нефти и газа. При этом упор сделан на зоны повышенной плотности трещин, поскольку именно с ними связана подавляющая часть эксплуатируемых скважин в таких резервуарах. После анализа пространственного поведения природных трещин в карбонатных породах рассмотрены прямые индикаторы трещиноватости. Они основаны на азимутальной анизотропии амплитуд и скоростей распространения продольных и поперечных волн, порождаемой идеализированной моделью трещиноватости. Такая модель предполагает наличие достаточно широкого набора плоских, параллельных и эквидистантных трещин. Кратко проанализированы косвенные индикаторы трещиноватости, которые менее требовательны к ее закономерному поведению в пространстве. Это сейсмические постстек-атрибуты — угол наклона, когерентность изображения, кривизна и другие характеристики отражающих горизонтов, а также повышенные значения неупругого (в частности, азимутально-зависимого) поглощения и рассеяния сейсмических волн. Рассмотрена детерминистическая упругая (синхронная) сейсмическая инверсия, позволяющая рассчитать отношение скоростей распространения продольных и поперечных волн. Согласно многочисленным литературным источникам, пониженные значения этого параметра служат индикатором наличия трещин в карбонатных породах. Показано, что набор упорядоченных макротрещин может значительно повлиять на сейсмические оценки этого параметра и никак не сказаться на его оценках по скважинным данным. Влияние данного механизма продемонстрировано на одной из площадей в юго-восточной части Западно-Сибирской платформы. Приведена технология построения изображения субвертикальных трещиноватых зон (трещиноватых коридоров) с помощью миграции дуплексных волн. Этот тип волн обладает преимуществами над традиционными отраженными волнами при визуализации субвертикальных объектов. Эффективность такой технологии продемонстрирована на двух площадях Тимано-Печорской нефтегазоносной провинции., Наведено огляд сучасних технологій сейсморозвідки, які використовують при вивченні карбонатних резервуарів нафти і газу. При цьому увагу акцентовано на зонах підвищеної щільності тріщин, оскільки саме з ними пов'язана переважна частина експлуатованих свердловин у таких резервуарах. Після аналізу просторової поведінки природних тріщин у карбонатних породах розглянуто прямі індикатори тріщинуватості. Вони ґрунтуються на азимутальній анізотропії амплітуд і швидкостей поширення поздовжніх і поперечних хвиль, яка породжується ідеалізованою моделлю тріщинуватості. Така модель передбачає наявність досить широкого набору плоских, паралельних і еквідистантних відкритих тріщин. Стисло проаналізовано непрямі індикатори тріщинуватості, які менш вимогливі до її закономірної поведінки у просторі. Це сейсмічні постстек-атрибути — кут нахилу, когерентність зображення, кривизна та інші характеристики відбивних горизонтів, а також підвищені значення непружного (зокрема, азимутально-залежного) поглинання і розсіювання сейсмічних хвиль. Розглянуто детерміністичну пружну (синхронну) сейсмічну інверсію, що дає змогу розрахувати відношення швидкостей поширення поздовжніх і поперечних хвиль. Згідно з численними літературними джерелами, зменшені значення цього параметра є індикатором наявності тріщин у карбонатних породах. Показано, що набір упорядкованих макротріщин може значно вплинути на сейсмічні оцінки цього параметра і ніяк не позначитися на його оцінках за свердловинними даними. Вплив цього механізму продемонстровано на одній з площ у південно-східній частині Західносибірської платформи. Наведено технологію побудови зображення субвертикальних тріщинуватих зон (тріщинуватих коридорів) за допомогою міграції дуплексних хвиль. Цей тип хвиль має переваги над традиційними відбитими хвилями при візуалізації субвертикальних об'єктів. Ефективність такої технології продемонстровано на двох площах Тимано-Печорської нафтогазоносної провінції.

The article deals with the problem of evaluating the qualitative characteristics of the constructed mathematical model for solving the direct problem of radiation thermophysics, which is used for extrapolating infrared images of the earth's surface obtained by optoelectronic means of unmanned aerial vehicles. The results of experimental approbation of the mathematical model for constructing thermal tomograms based on data from different time infrared images are presented.

The growing number of subscribers and the volume of transmitted information requires an increase in the capacity of satellite communication systems. This is possible through the use of high orders of signal constellations, spatial separation of channels, effective noise-resistant codes. In addition, the new standards require the effective use of nonlinear power amplifiers that must operate close to saturation. Of interest is the increase in the capacity of satellite communication systems due to the multi-frequency mode in the transponder channel. The article reveals the channel structure, gives a detailed description of the input and output multiplexers, a nonlinear amplifier, a mixer, and a local oscillator. The structure of the computer model of the transponder channel and the multi-frequency signal of the ground station is shown. The simulation results show that the multi-frequency mode introduces additional intermodulation distortion of the carriers of one channel. This requires the development of nonlinear predistortion systems at transmitting ground stations, as well as equalizers at receiving stations.

The article discusses the methods of mutual high-precision navigation of multi-satellite clusters of small spacecraft. The main attention is paid to methods using relative phase measurements from GNSS signals. Methods for resolving phase ambiguity at extremely large bases are presented. Dynamic and non-retrieval methods are considered.

The article considers the synthesis of an optimal algorithm for measuring spatial orientation angles from GNSS signals using an antenna array. The principle of operation and the structure of the synthesized algorithms are fundamentally different from traditional algorithms that use the principle of an interferometer. In new algorithms, the determination of orientation is based on the formation of radiation patterns in the intended directions to all navigation spacecraft. The deviation of the direction of the formed rays of the radiation pattern from the true gives information about the inaccuracies of the alleged orientation. This differs significantly from the principle of functioning of interferometers, based on pairwise measurement of the phase difference of signals received by individual antenna elements.

The Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) is designed to study a hot and dense baryonic matter formed in heavy-ion collisions at SQRT(sNN)=4-11 GeV at the NICA accelerator complex (Dubna, Russia). Large-sized electromagnetic calorimeter (ECal) of the MPD spectrometer will provide precise spatial and energy measurements for photons and electrons in the central pseudorapidity region of |eta

Today, new methods of fraud are actively increasing depending on the development of technology. The current ways of influencing the victim, which seemed impossible 10 years ago, is part of the modern era. Now cybercrime tools are easy to use and accessible to ordinary users. Based on modern methods of fraud, criminals are able to find out the necessary information and encourage the victim to take rash actions. This article analyzes the methods of using voice cloning technologies as a tool of social engineering and ways to counter these attacks.

Poster "Principles of the 3D genome organization in malaria mosquitoes."

The effect of ionizing radiation on the formation of charges at internal SiO2-Si (substrate) and external SiO2-Sips (gate) interfacial boundaries (IFB) and on the gate breakdown of MOSFETs is studied. It is shown that with an increase in the dose of ionizing radiation near the internal interfacial boundaries, a monotonous increase of positive charge in p-MOSFETs, and the accumulation of positive charges at first, and at doses above 105 rad the accumulation of negative charges in n-MOSFETs is observed. Near the external interfacial boundaries, at low radiation doses, positive charge accumulation is observed, and at doses >106 rad, negative charge in both p- and n-MOSFETs is observed. Up to a dose of 108 rad ionizing radiation dies not have a noticeable effect on the gate breakdown voltage in both p- and n-MOSFETs at both bias polarities. The absence of influence is explained by a breakdown by mechanism of anode hole injection. Keywords: ionizing radiation, MOSFETs, charge accumulation, gate breakdown.