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For a long time, Japanese public libraries were managed by local governments. However, in 2003, other organizations, including private enterprises, superseded the management of libraries and introduced an outsourcing system called “designated administrator system.” The suitability of this outsourcing system for libraries is now being debated, with many people arguing that it is unfit. To provide basic data for this discussion, we conducted a causal analysis on the introduction of outsourcing to public libraries in Japan. We performed a matching analysis, difference-in-differences (DD) analysis, and DD analysis with matching on library usage in terms of three factors, namely, the gate count, number of loans, and number of reference transactions. In the matching analysis, the average gate count per capita of all outsourcing libraries was higher than that of all direct management libraries. In the DD analysis with and without matching, the average gate count per capita and number of loans per capita of all the outsourcing libraries were higher than those of all the direct management libraries. These differences were statistically significant at a 0.01 significance level. The results indicate that the introduction of the designated administrator system increases the gate count per capita. Considering the difference in characteristics of the matching and DD analyses, the number of loans per capita may also be increasing with the introduction of the system., 9th Asia-Pacific Library & Information Education and Practice (A-LIEP 2019) Days: 4-7 November, 2019 Place: Selangor, Malaysia

Open Access (OA) books available through the Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB) are investigated and the number of titles, the distribution of subjects, languages, publishers, publication years, licensing patterns, etc., are clarified. Their chronological changes are also shown. The sample comprised 10,866 OA books, which were available through the DOAB as of February 24, 2018. The results show that OA books are increasing in number at an accelerating rate. As for distribution of subjects, Social Sciences ("H" in the Library of Congress Classification [LCC] codes), Science ("Q" in LCC) and World History and History of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, New Zealand, etc. ("D" in LCC) are the most popular. As for languages, English, French, and German are the most popular. As for publishers, Frontiers Media SA, Presses universitaires de Rennes, and ANU Press are the most popular. Many books are newly published ones, but older books, published in or before 1999, also began to be available recently. As for the licensing patterns, "CC by-nc-nd" and "CC by" are the most popular. Considering these tendencies, libraries should begin to utilize OA books.

Several decades ago, food and drinks were disallowed in most Japanese libraries. However, as discussions of “Library as a Place” have increased in recent years, the number of public and university libraries that have relaxed their policies to allow food and drinks have been increasing. This study focused on the opinions of library users on allowing food and drinks in public libraries and conducted a questionnaire survey among users of nine Japanese libraries. The results indicated that many users favored allowing food and drinks in libraries. Furthermore, it was found that users tend to frequently visit and stay longer in libraries where food and drinks are allowed., {"references":["R. Oldenburg, The great good place: cafés, coffee shops, bookstores, bars, hair salons and other hangouts at the heart of a community. New York: Marlowe, 1999, 384p.","M. Kawamoto and K. Tsuji, \"Factual investigation of allowing food and drinks in Japanese libraries,\" graduation thesis in University of Tsukuba, 2016 (in Japanese).","M. Davis and J. Boyer, \"The endless picnic: changing food and drink policies in academic libraries,\" ERIC., No. ED399964, 1996. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED399964","G. Singh, \"Evolving space: An examination of coffee shops in academic libraries,\" Master's paper, School of Information and Library Science, University of North Carolina., 2002, 30p.","\"A coffee shop in the library,\" Current Awareness Portal, 2005. http://current.ndl.go.jp/node/2775 (accessed May 20, 2015) (in Japanese).","Editorial Board, \"Totalling reports and analysis of questionnaire on food and drink manners in libraries,\" Pharmaceutical Library Bulletin., vol. 53, no. 2, 2008, pp. 148–165. (in Japanese).","Y. Terasawa, \"Survey results on the library environment,\" Hospital Libraries., vol. 33, no. 2, 2014, pp. 107–112. (in Japanese).","M. Ueoka, \"User study at Keio University Library,\" The Journal of Information Science and Technology Association., vol. 58, no. 6, 2008, pp. 278–284. (in Japanese)."]}

Aim of Study – The paper aims to propose cooperative reading, which is a reading support technique that allows library users to help each other. To achieve cooperative reading, it is necessary for a user to discover others with similar interests. Therefore, this paper also aims to develop and evaluate a recommendation function that recommends similar users using Nippon Decimal Classification (NDC) Tree Profiling. Research Question – Is the user recommendation using NDC Tree Profiling effective in finding similar users? Which parameter of NDC Tree Profiling method is the most effective expression of users’ interests? Method – We developed the Shizuku2.0 system to support the creation of a library user community in which users help each other efficiently and mutually. We also designed and developed NDC Tree Profiling, which enables the creation of library user profiles, for the purposes of the user recommendation mechanism. To verify the effect of the user recommendation mechanism, we performed an experiment with 37 student users to calculate recall and precision. Findings – We found that the recommendation using NDC Tree Profiling is more effective than a random recommendation. However, we also recognized that there is room for improvement relative to a past information recommendation technique. Moreover, we found the second level of the NDC code could be the most effective expression of users’ interests. In the discussion of the optimization of parameters, we propose a new way of implementing the NDC Tree, based on the second division of NDC, which is expected to improve creation of user profiles., A-LIEP 2011:Issues, Challenges and Opportunities. 22-24 June 2011 Pullman Lakeside Resort, Putrajaya

本研究では都道府県立及び市区公共図書館のデジタル／対面式のレファレンスサービス とQ&Aサイトに60個の同じ質問を行い，正答率を比較した。結果，デジタルレファンス サービス(DRS)の正答率は全般にQ&Aサイトより高いこと，DRS未実施館の対面式の正 答率はQ&Aサイトと変わらないが，実施館のそれはQ&Aサイトより高いことが示された。 DRSを行うほどレファンスサービスに熱心に取り組めば，図書館の正答率はQ&Aサイト を超えられる可能性がある。今後のレファンスサービスのあり方を検討する上で考慮べ き結果と思われる。

コンピュータを使用した専門用語自動抽出は，従来，対象とする専門分野のテキストコーパスのみをデータとして行っているものが多かった．しかし，専門用語の特徴として，対象分野のコーパスに頻出し，対象分野以外の他分野コーパスにはあまり多く出現しない点が挙げられる．そこで本研究では，対象分野コーパスと他分野コーパスとの用語の出現率の差を考慮した手法を提案する．実験では，女性学のテキストを対象分野のコーパスとして使用し，他分野のコーパスとして 39分野のテキストを使用した．実験の結果，従来の代表的手法よりもかなり高い精度で用語が抽出できることが明らかとなった．また39分野のテキストから任意のテキストを選び他分野コーパスとして用いてコーパスの規模を縮小できるか実験を行った．その結果，対象分野と類似した分野のテキストを用いることで，39分野すべてのテキストを用いた場合の抽出精度・再現率に近づけることができた．

本研究では近年急速に成長しているQ&Aサイトと公共図書館レファレンスサービスに同じ質問を行い,正答率などを比較した。前者には「教えて!goo」を,後者には首都圏近郊の32館を選び,60個の質問を行った。結果,直接的に完全な正答が与えられた割合は共に32%で,間接的に与えられた場合を含めても両者の正答率に大きな差はなかった。質問の主題別に見ても差はなく,答えが得られるまでの時間もQ&Aサイトの方が大きく劣ることはなかった。こうした状況を踏まえ公共図書館は新たなレファレンスサービスのあり方を検討する必要がある。

本稿では,Amazon.co.jpが扱う図書がNDL-OPACでヒットするかを調べる形で国立国会図書館における納本状況を調査し,ポルノグラフィのほとんどが納本されていない現状を明らかにする。また,ポルノグラフィを刊行している出版社の納本状況を調査し,一般出版物は納本しているにもかかわらずポルノグラフィだけは納本していないといった結果も提示する。さらに国立国会図書館,取次,出版社に聞き取り調査を行い,日本の現行納本制度の運用上における諸問題を考察する。

Introduction. This study clarifies the state of deposition of publications targeted at mature readers in the National Diet Library (NDL) and some other related issues. Method. First, we selected 50 publications by category from Amazon.co.jp, largest online bookstore in Japan, and then, we investigated as to whether the entry of these publications would result in hits on NDL-OPAC, which is the NDL’s online catalogue. Next, we conducted a detailed survey on the publications from publishing companies that target mature readers and investigated the number of publications deposited by these companies every year. Finally, we conducted interview surveys targeting the NDL, agent companies, and publishing companies. Results. We found that 80% of the publications for mature readers in the “adult” category at Amazon.co.jp were not deposited in the NDL. Conclusion. We discovered the evidence of a pattern wherein some of the publishing companies that publish publications for mature readers deposit only publications that are not targeted at mature readers, and refrain from depositing publications targeted at mature readers. The NDL should focus on improving the deposition of publications through agents and on developing an exhaustive knowledge of Japanese publications., Asia-Pacific Conference on Library & Information Education and Practice (A-LIEP 2009) Preparing Information Professionals for International Collaboration 6-8 March 2009, University of Tsukuba, Japan

Introduction: This study clarifies the current status of implementing filtering software in Japanese public libraries and their performance. Method: 253 municipal libraries and 47 prefectural libraries that provide Internet terminals to their users were chosen as the target, and a mail survey was conducted from November 2007 to January 2008. We received usable responses from a total of 155 libraries. As for the performance of filtering software, we manually checked 4,640 web pages by using PCs on which i-FILTER and InterSafe were installed. We determined whether they blocked content that “should be blocked" and, conversely, whether they excessively blocked content that should not be blocked. Result: We found that 85.3% of prefectural and 76.9% of municipal libraries installed filtering software. The most chosen software applications were i-FILTER, InterSafe, and CYBERsitter. Among the complaints from users, some mentioned that they could not access the pages of online bookstores, which are considered useful to library users. The survey revealed a trade-off relationship between i-FILTER and InterSafe regarding the blocking rate for harmful pages and the incorrect blocking rate for non-harmful pages. Moreover, block leaks are common for relatively new concepts such as 学校裏サイト (student run school site). Conclusion: Filtering software is now common among public libraries, but vendors’ offerings perform differently. Public libraries should select and set up their software in correspondence with their own information supply policies.

図書館の利用を増加させるラーニング・コモンズ（LC）像を調査分析した。具体的には，小山（2012）に示されている24のLCをサンプルとし，『日本の図書館：統計と名簿』に記されている入館者数，貸出数，参考受付総件数を利用量として取り上げ，これらを増加させるLCの要素を分析した。結果，プリンタ，コピー機，ノートPCがあり，学生一人当たりコンピュータ設置台数が多く，さらにTA・SAによる支援があって，1階に設置されているLCは，他のLCに比べて，入館者数や参考受付総件数を増加させる可能性があることが示された。

application/pdf, As a part of LIPER research, a questionnaire survey was performed on Library & Information Science instructors in Japanese universities. In quantitative terms, this research revealed the characteristics and teaching goals of LIS instructors, the similarities of librarian certification courses, and the overlap with instructors of those courses. Also, an analysis of freeform question responses about LIS education revealed the instructor’s varied thoughts on LIS education and also revealed awareness of problems related to profession and curriculum issues and education goals., 3rd-6th April, 2006 at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

In this paper, we describe a rule-based mechanism that detects Japanese term variations from textual corpora. The system operates on the basis of meta-rules that map syntactic and morpho-syntactic variants of terms to the original forms of terms. The framework used here has been successfully applied to such languages as English and French, and we show here that it also works well in detecting Japanese term variants, once we properly take into account specific characteristics of the Japanese language. We also discuss the potential of this work for IR-related applications.

情報知識学会 第 21 回（2013年度）年次大会 2013年5月25-26日 お茶の水女子大学

The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published in US-China Education Review, Volume 3, Number 1 (2013) 51-58, http://www.davidpublishing.com/show.html?10324 (as this article does not have a DOI number we are providing the link to access the paper). The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn.