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Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, microbiológicas y los desenlaces de las bacteriemias primarias por S. pneumoniae ocurridas en población pediátrica hospitalizada en instituciones de alta complejidad, pertenecientes a la Red Neumocolombia (2017-2019). Metodología: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal, exploratorio con alcance analítico, en donde se tomó información de las historias clínicas con hemocultivos positivos para S. pneumoniae sin otro foco infeccioso, realizados en los hospitales pediátricos, reportados a la Red Neumocolombia (2017-2019). Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio se analizó información de 51 registros, 62,7% fueron hombres, la mediana de edad fue 25 meses (RIC 9-49). El síntoma predominante fue fiebre (78,4%), se reportó vacunación con Vacuna Neumocócica Conjugada decavalente (PCV-10) en 47%. El serotipo más frecuente fue 19A (39,4%). El porcentaje de resistencia antibiótica fue: eritromicina 43%, penicilina 25.4%, cefotaxima 11,7%. Los factores relacionados al ingreso a Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico (UCIP) fueron: dolor pleurítico (OR27,9; IC95%3,13 – 248,16 p=0,03), tos (OR6,04; IC95%1,46 – 24,88; p=0,013), dolor abdominal (OR 6,5; IC95%1,85 – 22,80; p=0,003), dificultad respiratoria (OR12; IC95%2,95 – 48,77 p=0,001), tirajes (OR22,71; IC95%4,65 – 141,90 p=0,001), cianosis (OR8,69; IC95%1,95 – 38,65 p=0,004), hipotermia (OR42,62; IC95%4,77 – 380,74 p=0,001), serotipo 19A (OR3,9;IC95%1,10 – 13,81 p=0,035). La letalidad fue del 11,7%. Conclusión: Después de la introducción de la vacuna PCV10 en Colombia en el año 2012 se reportaron cambios en la epidemiologia, con disminución de los serotipos vacunales, y aumento en el serotipo 19A, siendo uno de los factores que intervienen en el ingreso a UCIP por bacteriemia primaria. Se reporta aumento en la resistencia por eritromicina, penicilina y cefotaxima.

Introduction Anticoagulant-related nephropathy (ARN) is a relatively novel recognized entity characterized by hematuria-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) in the context of overanticoagulation. Preexisting or underlying kidney disease seems to be a predisposing factor; however, few studies have described histologic findings in patients with ARN. We aimed to evaluate underlying kidney pathology in patients on oral anticoagulation who presented an episode of AKI with hematuria in whom a kidney biopsy was performed. Methods Retrospective observational multicenter case study in patients treated with oral anticoagulants who developed macroscopic or intense hematuria followed by AKI. Only patients with available kidney biopsy specimens were included. Histologic findings and clinical data throughout follow-up were analyzed. Results A total of 26 patients were included with a median age of 75 years (62–80) and a follow-up period of 10.1 months. Of the patients, 80% were male, and most cases (92%) were on anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). At admission, median serum creatinine (SCr) level was 4.2 mg/dl (2.8–8.2), median international normalized ratio (INR) 2.4 (1.5–3.4), and 11 patients (42%) required acute dialysis during hospitalization. Kidney biopsy results revealed that all patients except 1 had an underlying nephropathy: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) in 19, probable IgAN in 1, diabetic nephropathy in 3, nephrosclerosis in 1, and idiopathic nodular glomerulosclerosis in 1. At 12 weeks after discharge, only 6 subjects (24%) attained complete kidney recovery whereas 7 (28%) remained on chronic dialysis. Conclusion IgAN was the most common underlying kidney disease in our biopsy-proven series of ARN, in which a significant percentage of patients did not achieve kidney function recovery.

INTRODUCTION: SARS CoV2 infection has had a major impact on renal transplant patients with a high mortality in the first months of the pandemic. Intentional reduction of immunosuppressive therapy has been postulated as one of the cornerstone in the management of the infection in the absence of targeted antiviral treatment. This has been modified according to the patient`s clinical situation and its effect on renal function or anti-HLA antibodies in the medium term has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate the management of immunosuppressive therapy made during SARS-CoV2 infection, as well as renal function and anti-HLA antibodies in kidney transplant patients 6 months after COVID19 diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective, national multicentre, retrospective study (30 centres) of kidney transplant recipients with COVID19 from 01/02/20 to 31/12/20. Clinical variables were collected from medical records and included in an anonymised database. SPSS statistical software was used for data analysis. RESULTS: 615 renal transplant recipients with COVID19 were included (62.6% male), with a mean age of 57.5 years.The predominant immunosuppressive treatment prior to COVID19 was triple therapy with prednisone, tacrolimus and mycophenolic acid (54.6%) followed by m-TOR inhibitor regimens (18.6%). After diagnosis of infection, mycophenolic acid was discontinued in 73.8% of patients, m-TOR inhibitor in 41.4%, tacrolimus in 10.5% and cyclosporin A in 10%. In turn, 26.9% received dexamethasone and 50.9% were started on or had their baseline prednisone dose increased.Mean creatinine before diagnosis of COVID19, at diagnosis and at 6 months was: 1.7±0.8, 2.1±1.2 and 1.8±1 mg/dl respectively (p

BACKGROUND: The magnitude and kinetics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific cell-mediated immunity (SARS-CoV-2-CMI) in kidney transplant (KT) recipients remain largely unknown. METHODS: We enumerated SARS-CoV-2-specific interferon-gamma-producing CD69+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at months 4 and 6 from the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 21 KT recipients by intracellular cytokine staining. Overlapping peptides encompassing the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein N-terminal 1- to 643-amino acid sequence and the membrane protein were used as stimulus. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies targeting the S1 protein were assessed by ELISA at month 6. RESULTS: Detectable (=0.1%) SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T-cell response was found in 57.1% and 47.4% of patients at months 4 and 6. Corresponding rates for CD8+ T cells were 19.0% and 42.1%, respectively. Absolute SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell counts increased from month 4 to month 6 in CD8+ (P=0.086) but not CD4+ subsets (P=0.349). Four of 10 patients with any detectable response at month 4 had lost SARS-CoV-2-CMI by month 6, whereas 5 of 9 patients mounted SARS-CoV-2-CMI within this period. All but 2 patients (89.5%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Patients lacking detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ response by month 6 were more likely to be under tacrolimus (100.0% versus 66.7%; P=0.087) and to have received tocilizumab for the previous COVID-19 episode (40.0% versus 0.0%; P=0.087). CONCLUSIONS: Although still exploratory and limited by small sample size, the present study suggests that a substantial proportion of KT recipients exhibited detectable SARS-CoV-2-CMI after 6 months from COVID-19 diagnosis.

"En este trabajo se aplicó un método de valoración ambiental en la producción de concreto con el fin de evaluar su dependencia de los recursos naturales no renovables. Tres técnicas de producción (industrializada, semi-industrializada y manual) se evaluaron bajo control de calidad mediante eMergía. Esto se realizó para medir la cantidad de uso de los recursos del medio ambiente en términos de energía solar equivalente. Las transformidades resultantes se compararon con el fin de poner de manifiesto que el análisis de eMergía es sensible al contexto local y los límites del sistema de referencia. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una alta dependencia en la producción de concreto sobre las fuentes de recursos externos, siendo el concreto semi-industrializado el más sustentable."

© 2015, National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Nonresolving chronic inflammation at the neoplastic site is consistently associated with promoting tumor progression and poor patient outcomes. However, many aspects behind the mechanisms that establish this tumor-promoting inflammatory microenvironment remain undefined. Using bladder cancer (BC) as a model, we found that CD14-high cancer cells express higher levels of numerous inflammation mediators and formlarger tumors comparedwith CD14-low cells. CD14 antigen is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked glycoprotein and has been shown to be critically important in the signaling pathways of Toll-like receptor (TLR). CD14 expression in this BC subpopulation of cancer cells is required for increased cytokine production and increased tumor growth. Furthermore, tumors formed by CD14-high cells are more highly vascularized with higher myeloid cell infiltration. Inflammatory factors produced by CD14-high BC cells recruit and polarize monocytes and macrophages to acquire immunesuppressive characteristics. In contrast, CD14-low BC cells have a higher baseline cell division rate than CD14-high cells. Importantly, CD14-high cells produce factors that further increase the proliferation of CD14-low cells. Collectively, we demonstrate that CD14-high BC cellsmay orchestrate tumor-promoting inflammation and drive tumor cell proliferation to promote tumor growth.

Paciente de 14 años, proveniente de Apartadó (Antioquia), remitido al Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe de Medellín por un cuadro febril agudo asociado a deterioro rápido del estado de conciencia, decantándose posteriormente como causa de su deterioro una ameba de vida libre (Naegleria fowleri) . Las amebas de vida libre son una causa etiológica poco común de meningitis, tienen un curso fulminante y requieren de un alto índice de sospecha para hacer un tratamiento oportuno. A 14-year-old patient from Apartado (Antioquia, Colombia) was referred to Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe in Medellin for acute febrile illness associated with headache and rapid loss of consciousness. The etiologic agent causing this deterioration was found to be a free-living amoeba ( Naegleria fowleri ). Free-living amoebae are a rare etiology for meningoencephalitis, have a fulminant course and require a high index of suspicion for early diagnosis.

La Casa del Postre es un plan de empresa el cual, nos permite ver la viabilidad del negocio de venta de postres personalizados, por medio de una barra de servicio. Contiene un análisis de mercado el cual permite conocer las tendencias, gustos y costumbres de la población de las estratos del 3 al 6 de las ciudades de Santiago de Cali y Jamundí, con lo cual se creó una estrategia de mercadeo la cual permite garantizar el flujo de clientes contante para que el negocio sea rentable y sostenible en el tiempo.

Background Arthroscopic surgical procedures on the knee are now frequently performed and there is still no agreement as to what is the best anesthesia technique for them. Any anesthetic technique used should bring fast and safe recovery, accompanied by good postoperative pain control and good patient satisfaction, all very important goals of ambulatory anesthesia. Objective: The goal of the study was to compare general versus regional anesthesia (sciatic, femoral and obturator nerve blocks) in terms of pain control, time to discharge and overall patient satisfaction among others. Methods: We conducted a randomized, non-blinded, clinical essay. The sample included all patients scheduled for arthroscopic knee surgery at Clinica CES that met inclusion criteria, during the period of time that the study was performed. Results: There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics, or intraoperative time between groups. Time spent in post anesthesia care unit was significantly lower in the group where regional anesthesia was used (15 vs. 78 minutes, p

The devastation of the U.S. Gulf Coast by Hurricane Katrina in August 2005 sparked widespread reconsideration of U.S. disaster management practices. While most of this inquiry has drawn on U.S. disaster experiences, countries throughout the world are also struck by natural disasters. We hypothesized that the disaster management experiences in other countries could represent a potentially valuable source of insight for the United States. Therefore, we identified and examined exemplary practices in disaster prevention/preparedness, response, and recovery/redevelopment from thirteen natural disasters in eleven countries, focusing in particular on areas that were problematic during the Hurricane Katrina response. Interviews with recognized international disaster management experts validated our preliminary assessments from these experiences and provided additional insights not gleaned from the literature. We discuss seven lessons from our analyses: (1) Different models, but common principles, underlie effective coordination; (2) Community participation is critical at all phases of the disaster management cycle; (3) Both technology and public awareness contribute to effective early warning; (4) Disaster management should be evidence-based when possible; (5) An early orientation to long-term recovery can be important; (6) Countries can and should learn from previous disaster experience; and (7) Disaster management solutions must be appropriate to the local setting. We also offer and discuss three recommendations: (1) Institutionalize the process of learning from international disaster management; (2) Apply relevant practices from international experience; and (3) Systematically define, identify, document and archive exemplary practices. We conclude that it is appropriate for the United States to learn from its past experiences, draw on the world of experience across borders, and prepare for the future. Our study offers concrete steps that can be taken in this direction.

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron identificar y caracterizar subpoblaciones espermáticas morfométricamente distintas en semen criopreservado de toros y determinar cómo los espermatozoides con cromatina dañada se distribuyen en cada subpoblación. Para esto, espermatozoides criopreservados de toros Brahman fueron teñidos con azul de toluidina para determinar la integridad de la cromatina y simultáneamente se determinó la morfometría de cada cabeza espermática usando un software para AMAC (Análisis Morfométrico Asistido por Computadora). Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis CLUSTER para determinar el número de subpoblaciones morfométricamente distintas de acuerdo a los parámetros morfométricos (largo, ancho, área y perímetro), y la distribución de los espermatozoides con cromatina dañada en cada subpoblación fue determinada. Un total de 2.273 espermatozoides fueron analizados, 70,35% con cromatina normal y 29,65% con cromatina dañada. El análisis CLUSTER identificó tres subpoblaciones, SP1 (cabezas pequeñas) con 143 espermatozoides (6,29%), SP2 (cabezas intermedias) con 1.376 espermatozoides (60,54%) y SP3 (cabezas grandes) con 754 espermatozoides (33,17%). El porcentaje de espermatozoides con daño en la cromatina en la SP2 (20,58%, P 0,05). En conclusión, se identificaron tres subpoblaciones espermáticas morfométricamente distintas en el semen criopreservado de toros Brahman y los espermatozoides con cromatina dañada estuvieron presentes en las tres subpoblaciones, con la subpoblación de cabezas intermedias (SP2) teniendo el porcentaje más bajo de espermatozoides con daño en la cromatina, sugiriendo que estos espermatozoides tienen una cromatina más estable. The aims of this study were to identify and characterize the morphometrically distinct sperm subpopulations into cryopreserved bull semen and to determine how sperm with damaged chromatin are distributed in each subpopulation. To this, sperm of fifteen cryopreserved ejaculates from Brahman bulls were stained with toluidine blue and chromatin integrity status was determined to each sperm, and simultaneously sperm head morphometry was determined using a CASMA software. Posteriorly, CLUSTER analysis to determine the number of sperm morphometrically distinct subpopulations according to morphometric parameters (length, width, area and perimeter) was carried-out, and the distribution of sperm with damaged chromatin in each sperm subpopulation was determined. A total of 2,273 sperm were analyzed, 70.35% with normal chromatin and 29.65% with damaged chromatin. CLUSTER analysis identified three sperm subpopulations, SP1 (smallest sperm-head) with 143 sperm (6.29%), SP2 (intermediate sperm-head) with 1,376 sperm (60.54%) and SP3 (biggest sperm-head) with 754 sperm (33.17%). Percentage of sperm with damaged chromatin was lower in SP2 (20.58%; P0.05). In conclusion, Cluster analysis identified three morphometrically distinct subpopulations in cryopreserved bull semen, and sperm with damaged chromatin were presented in all these subpopulations, with intermediate sperm-head subpopulation having the lowest percentage of sperm with damaged chromatin, suggesting that this sperm subpopulation has more stable chromatin. 359-365 hectornava00@gmail.com