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RESUMEN: La empresa Repsol dispone de un sistema denominado Triton que da soporte a las operaciones de compraventa de la empresa tanto de físicos, como derivados y contratos en mercados financieros. Cuenta también con una gran base de datos en la que se almacenan todos los datos generados en la operativa de la compañía. De manera paralela a Triton existe el sistema IMOS, el cual gestiona los desplazamientos de mercancías costeados por la empresa Repsol, lo que incluye gastos de personal, combustible y pagos portuarios, entre otros. Estos dos sistemas se comunican entre sí, a través de servicios web, para el intercambio de información en ambos sentidos. Triton envía datos al sistema IMOS cuando se cierra una compraventa que supone un desplazamiento en barco de mercancía. Por su parte, IMOS comunica a Triton los costes del movimiento del barco para que desde Triton se gestionen los pagos y se almacenen en la base de datos. El objetivo de este TFG es desarrollar un sistema de cancelación para el sistema Triton que permita la gestión de la cancelación de facturas notificada desde IMOS, manteniendo de esta manera la sincronía entre ambos sistemas. El desarrollo de esta funcionalidad requerirá realizar una fase de análisis previa del flujo de comunicación entre ambos sistemas, para diseñar el modo de incluir en él el proceso de cancelación. La nueva funcionalidad se añadirá al servicio web existente en Triton, utilizando para ello el framework .NET y los lenguajes C# y SQL. ABSTRACT: The Repsol company has a system called Triton that supports the company's trading operations of both physical, derivatives and contracts in financial markets. It also has a large database in which all the data generated in the company's operations are stored. Parallel to Triton, there is the IMOS system, which manages the movement of goods paid by Repsol company, which includes personnel expenses, fuel and port payments, among others. These two systems communicate with each other through web services, for the exchange of information in both directions. Triton sends data to the IMOS system when a sale is closed that involves a shipment of merchandise. While IMOS communicates to Triton the costs of the movement of the ship so that Triton can manage the payments and store them in the database. The objective of this TFG is to develop a cancellation system for theTriton system that provides management for the cancellation of invoices notified from IMOS, thus maintaining the synchrony between both systems. The development of this functionality will require a preliminary analysis phase of the communication flow between both systems, to design the way to include the cancellation process in it. This functionality will be added to the existing web service in Triton, using the .NET framework and the C# and SQL languages. Grado en Ingeniería Informática

Purpose: To identify a new cortical vitreous segmentation protocol for non invasive standardised investigation of Neovascularisation (NV) with detection of regression of NV activity in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR). Design: Retrospective study. Participants: One hundred and eighty-six eyes of 93 consecutive diabetic patients (mean age: 52.6 ± 11.0 years) imaged using Topcon Triton® Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (SS-OCTA) from June 2015 to January 2017. Methods: Scans were performed through the macula, optic disc and areas of possible NV in mid-peripheral retina using 6 × 6 mm and/or 9 × 9 mm raster-patterns in three segmentation protocols: Vitreo-Retinal (VRS), Outer-Vitreous (OVS) and Core-Vitreous Segmentation (CVS). Any suspicion of PDR was confirmed in all patients by Heidelberg® Widefield-Fundus-Fluorescein-Angiography (WF-FFA) and/or Optos® Ultra-WF-FFA (UWF-FFA). Inter-observer reproducibility of NV diagnosis and agreement between SS-OCTA and UWF-FFA were assessed. Primary outcome was the identification of an effective and reproducible segmentation protocol. Secondary outcome was the identification of NV regression after treatment. Results: Sensitivity-specificity reached, respectively, the value of 100 to 100 in detecting NVD, and 96.6 to 100 in detecting NVE in compared areas. SS-OCTA was able to confirm absence of blood flow within the residual NV plexus when using VRS protocol in 30 eyes in which regression of NV with absence of leakage was documented on FFA. Conclusion: Three segmentation protocols (VRS, OVS and CVS) with different but complementary characteristics, allowed a reproducible and standardised investigation of NVD and NVE. The proposed new SS-OCTA cortical vitreous segmentation protocols may be of value when identifying and assessing NV-activity (VRS, OVS and CVS) or NV-regression (VRS) in PDR and therefore, response to therapy.

This paper presents burnup/depletion calculations of the typical Westinghouse 17x17 fuel assembly to be used as a radioactive waste package in a Generic Burnup Credit cask benchmark problem with 32 elements (GBC-32). This first phase is addressing spent fuel source terms calculation while evaluation of the shielding performance of the GBC-32 cask is planned for the second phase. The TRITON-NEWT methodology of the SCALE6.1.3 program package was used in a tandem with ORIGEN-S code for deterministic 2D calculation of the GBC-32 fuel assembly neutron multiplication factor, providing spatial-temporal fluxes and isotopic concentration change. The burnup simulation was done up to 60 GWd/tU with sensitivity analysis of relevant physical parameters influenced by the working cross-section library. This approach also allowed generation of the specific user-defined collapsed cross-section libraries as a function of fuel enrichment and burnup level. Calculation of isotopic concentrations, decay heat, neutron-gamma spectra and major actinides activity for different fuel assembly cooling periods was performed using ORIGEN-ARP module.

The topography of Neptune’s large icy moon Triton could reveal important clues to its internal evolution, but has been difficult to determine. New global digital color maps for Triton have been produced as well as topographic data for

International audience; Influenza A viruses cause major morbidity and represent a severe global health problem. Current influenza vaccines are mainly egg-based products requiring the split of whole viruses using classical detergents such as Triton X-100, which implies certain limitations. Here, we report the use of the novel calixarene-based surfactant CALX133ACE as an alternative to classical detergents for influenza inactivated split vaccine preparation. We confirmed that CALX133ACE-based split HA antigens are fully functional and quantifiable by the "gold standard" method SRID. Additionally, as in the case of the Triton X-100-based split, the CALX133ACE-based split antigens are stable for at least 6 months at 4 °C. Moreover, immunization of mice with CALX133ACE-based split NYMC X-179A (H1N1) antigens harboring 10 to 30-fold less antigen than the commercialized trivalent inactivated vaccines Vaxigrip® or Fluviral® induced comparable efficient protection and neutralizing antibody responses against A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. Taken together, our results demonstrate for the first time the use of a calixarene-based detergent as an efficient splitting agent for the production of optimized influenza split antigens, paving the way for significant improvement in the vaccine manufacturing process, notably with regard to the current regulation on the prohibition of endocrine disruptors, such as Triton X-100.

Signals from global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) have been advocated as opportunities for remote sensing of the Earth. In the multi-GNSS era, signals from different constellation, at different frequency, and under different modulation are available to facilitate such applications. Existing open service GNSS signals can be roughly categorized as either binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) modulation or binary offset carrier (BOC) modulation; it is desired to establish a unified data processing procedure to account for all these signals. This article proposes a framework to synergize BPSK and BOC signals for GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R) applications by establishing a channel response function to model the scattering phenomena and a commutative diagram to illustrate the interrelationship among direct and reflected signals under different modulations. The results are verified by processing the flight test data of the GNSS-R receiver of the TRITON mission.

Yifan Lu,1,2,* Jay C Wang,1–3,* Rebecca Zeng,2 Raviv Katz,2 Demetrios G Vavvas,2,3 Joan W Miller,2,3 John B Miller1–3 1Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Ma, USA; 2Harvard Retinal Imaging Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Ma, USA; 3Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: John B MillerRetina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles St, Boston, MA 02114, USATel +1 617 573 3750Fax +1 617 573 3698Email john_miller@meei.harvard.eduPurpose: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) has emerged as a novel tool for the non-invasive imaging and evaluation of the retinal microvasculature. There is little existing literature that compares OCT-A microvasculature metrics across different OCT-A devices in chorioretinal diseases. Herein, we examined these metrics on three available OCT-A platforms.Patients and methods: All subjects were scanned on each of three OCT-A devices: Optovue Avanti Angiovue, Topcon DRI-OCT Triton Swept-Source OCT, and Zeiss Cirrus 5000-HD-OCT Angioplex. Two investigators independently measured foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area. Superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel densities (VD) were calculated from binarized images with ImageJ software. Image quality across devices was qualitatively compared. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman analysis, repeated measures ANOVA, and post-hoc tests were performed for statistical analysis.Results: Thirteen eyes of seven patients with chorioretinal diagnoses were reviewed. ICC for FAZ measurement was 0.95. There was no significant difference in FAZ area across the three devices (p= 0.792). There was a significant difference in the SCP VD between the OCT-A devices (Triton 0.344 ± 0.013, Angiovue 0.323 ± 0.013, Angioplex 0.367 ± 0.014, p < 0.05). Significantly greater DCP VD was observed with Angioplex (0.385 ± 0.010) in comparison to both Triton (0.331 ± 0.009) and Angiovue (0.341 ± 0.020). A comparison of image quality revealed that Angiovue gives the highest quality, followed by Angioplex and Triton.Conclusion: Core macular microvasculature metrics are now readily accessible on a variety of available OCT-A devices. While the FAZ can be reliably measured across all three devices in this study, there were significant differences for the vessel density in both the SCP and DCP. As a result, clinicians should be careful when comparing microvasculature metrics across different devices when using patient data in multicenter research investigations and clinical trials.Keywords: OCTA, Angiovue, Angioplex, Triton, Zeiss, Optovue

This paper presents an analysis of the Benchmark for Evaluation And Validation of Reactor Simulations (BEAVRS) performed using SCALE 6.1.2 and PARCS 3.2 computer codes. The benchmark specification contains a detailed design, operational data and measurements for a real 4-loop Westinghouse pressurized water reactor (PWR). The lattice physics simulations were prepared using TRITON depletion sequence and NEWT neutron transport solver (SCALE package). The 238-neutron group library based on evaluated nuclear data file – ENDF/B-VII nuclear data libraries was applied. A set of branch and burnup calculations was prepared, and group constants in the form of PMAXS files were generated with GenPMAXS. The full-core models were prepared using the PARCS nodal-diffusion core simulator. The PMAXS libraries were used with PARCS to investigate the core operation. The hot zero power measurement data, including control rod worths and critical boron concentrations, were compared using simulations, and satisfactory results were achieved. The first fuel cycle was simulated, and acceptable agreement with boron letdown curve and measurements were obtained. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for future research were presented.

Experiments in quartz ampoules that simulate the saltation of quartz grains in a methane atmosphere show that the solid phase acquires a reddish color, reminiscent of the color observed on Triton, Pluto, and Charon. Reflection spectroscopy of the coated grains show a wide, continuous absorption spectrum peaking at near-UV wavelengths, in line with the reddish color. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates the grains are coated with a substance containing Csbnd C and Csbnd O bonds, and estimates the average thickness of the surface layer to 2.3 Å. Solid state Raman measurements of the coating shows a transition at 1540 cm-1. A model is proposed to describe these measurements. The model is a polydiene, anchored to the quartz surface. Electron structure calculations show that a polydiene with around 8 CH units reproduces the measurements. AFM-IR experiments support this result. Our findings suggest a pathway for synthesis of complex molecules with Cdbnd C bonds on planets and moons with a solid surface and a methane-containing atmosphere.

Significance Viral hepatitis causes more deaths than tuberculosis and HIV-1 infection. Most cases are due to chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV), which afflicts >250 million people. Current therapies are rarely curative, and new approaches are needed. Here, we report the discovery (by nuclear magnetic resonance) of a small molecule binder in the hydrophobic pocket in the HBV capsid. This structural element is, in an unknown manner, central in capsid envelopment. Binding of the pocket factor induces a distinct, stable conformation in the capsid, as expected for a signaling switch. This brings not only a new molecular view on the mechanism underlying capsid envelopment, but it also opens a rationale for its inhibition., Viral hepatitis is growing into an epidemic illness, and it is urgent to neutralize the main culprit, hepatitis B virus (HBV), a small-enveloped retrotranscribing DNA virus. An intriguing observation in HB virion morphogenesis is that capsids with immature genomes are rarely enveloped and secreted. This prompted, in 1982, the postulate that a regulated conformation switch in the capsid triggers envelopment. Using solid-state NMR, we identified a stable alternative conformation of the capsid. The structural variations focus on the hydrophobic pocket of the core protein, a hot spot in capsid–envelope interactions. This structural switch is triggered by specific, high-affinity binding of a pocket factor. The conformational change induced by the binding is reminiscent of a maturation signal. This leads us to formulate the “synergistic double interaction” hypothesis, which explains the regulation of capsid envelopment and indicates a concept for therapeutic interference with HBV envelopment.

The global positioning system (GPS) receiver has been one of the most important navigation systems for more than two decades. Although the GPS system was originally designed for near-Earth navigation, currently it is widely used in highly dynamic environments (such as low Earth orbit (LEO)). A space-capable GPS receiver (GPSR) is capable of providing timing and navigation information for spacecraft to determine the orbit and synchronize the onboard timing; therefore, it is one of the essential components of modern spacecraft. However, a space-grade GPSR is technology-sensitive and under export control. In order to overcome export control, the National Space Organization (NSPO) in Taiwan completed the development of a self-reliant space-grade GPSR in 2014. The NSPO GPSR, built in-house, has passed its qualification tests and is ready to fly onboard the Triton satellite. In addition to providing navigation, the GPS/global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is facilitated to many remote sensing missions, such as GNSS radio occultation (GNSS-RO) and GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R). Based on the design of the NSPO GPSR, the NSPO is actively engaged in the development of the Triton program (a GNSS reflectometry mission). In a GNSS-R mission, the reflected signals are processed to form delay Doppler maps (DDMs) so that various properties (including ocean surface roughness, vegetation, soil moisture, and so on) can be retrieved. This paper describes not only the development of the NSPO GPSR but also the design, development, and special features of the Triton’s GNSS-R mission. Moreover, in order to verify the NSPO GNSS-R receiver, ground/flight tests are deemed essential. Then, data analyses of the airborne GNSS-R tests are presented in this paper.

Según la Convención Oslo-París (OSPAR) (2021), el mar del Norte es una provincia productora de petróleo y gas que se encuentra en su etapa madura, compuesta por 1350 plataformas petrolíferas, cuya producción total ha ido mermando de manera continuada, desde su pico máximo de producción, en el año 1999. La decisión OSPAR 98/3 Sobre el Decomisionamiento de instalaciones costa afuera en desuso, en la cual Reino Unido basa su Petroleum Act 1998, exige, salvo en algunas circunstancias, que dichas instalaciones se retiren. Considerando que virtualmente todas estas instalaciones petrolíferas deberán ser decomisionadas en los próximos veinticinco años (Royal Academy of Engineering, 2013), y como así lo atestigua la Oil & Gas Authority (2019), el decomisionamiento se podría convertir en un sector multibillonario, con tantos retos como oportunidades, siempre y cuando existan las infraestructuras necesarias y el personal capacitado y con experiencia en este sector. En relación a esta última condición, la Royal Academy of Engineering (2013) entiende que no es el caso, pues considera que ni los puertos británicos ni la mano de obra británica está suficientemente preparada para ser competitiva en esta industria. Una de las mentadas instalaciones petrolíferas es Triton FPSO, a bordo de la cual, quien suscribe, trabaja como operador de sala de control. Se identifica que Tritón FPSO deberá ser decomisionada en los próximos diez años y es pues, el objetivo de este trabajo, crear el obligado programa de decomisionamiento para Triton FPSO. Se trata de un proyecto sui generis, que parte de cero, pues, aunque ya se hayan decomisionado otras plataformas, cada instalación es única. ABSTRACT: According to the Oslo-Paris Convention (OSPAR) (2021), the North Sea is a mature Oil & Gas province, consisting of 1,350 offshore platforms with a decaying productionoutput, constantly dropping, from its highest producing peak, back in 1999. The OSPAR decision 98/3 About the Decommissioning of Offshore Installations no Longer in Use, which the UK’s Petroleum Act 1998 is based on, establishes, except in some specific scenarios, that the aforementioned installations must be removed from the offshore location. Taking into account that virtually all these offshore platforms will be decommissioned within the next 25 years (Royal Academy of Engineering, 2013), and as foretold by the Oil & Gas Authority (2019), decommissioning could well become a multibillion sector, with as many challenges as opportunities, provided that the right infrastructures and experienced and capable personnel exist. In relation to the latter statement, the Royal Academy of Engineering (2013) understands that such conditions are not met, given that they consider the British ports and personnel are not well suited to be competitive in such an industry. One of these offshore platforms is Triton FPSO, on board which, the developer of this project happens to work, as a Marine Control Room Operator. It is identified that Triton FPSO will be decommissioned within the next 10 years, therefore, the target this paper is aiming at, is creating its mandatory decommissioning programme. It is a sui generis project in its own, as it starts from scratch, as every installation is unique Máster en Ingeniería Náutica y Gestión Marítima

The outer Solar System has many bodies of interest that have continued to captivate the planetary science community, recently Triton, a captured Kuiper belt object (KBO) of Neptune, and Pluto. Limited fly‐by observational data shows evidence that nitrogen is the dominant constituent on these two bodies, potentially also existing on other KBOs as well. Current simulations related to answering fundamental science questions and also to develop future mission science packages and vehicles require accurate, reliable thermodynamic, and mechanical property data of solid and gaseous nitrogen at relevant surface and atmospheric conditions. This paper thus presents an exhaustive review of all available experimental N2 property data dating back to 1887. Each historical study is systematically analyzed and summarized and then the consolidated database is assembled. Comments are made on the validity of data sets, with an emphasis on specific heat capacity at constant pressure and constant volume (CP, Cv), thermal conductivity (κ), volume thermal expansion (αV), density (ρ), equilibrium vapor pressure (Pvap), heat of sublimation (ΔHS), heat of transition (ΔHT), Gruneisen parameter (γG), adiabatic and isothermal compressibility (xS, xT) and moduli of elasticity (C11, C12, C13, C33, C44). Results here can be used directly and immediately to perform new simulations on N2‐based bodies as well as to determine gaps in the consolidated database for future experiments.

In November 2014, Frontex started its Southern Mediterranean border monitoring operation Triton, followed in June 2015 by the Common Security and Defence Policy anti-smuggling mission EU Naval Force Mediterranean (EUNAVFOR Med) ‘Sophia’. Both operations’ outward communication has placed considerable emphasis on the conduct of maritime search and rescue. Still, this commitment was not matched by consistent action. Triton and EUNAVFOR Med have conducted a relatively limited number of search and rescue operations, prioritizing border control and anti-smuggling tasks. This article explains the gap between the European Union missions’ humanitarian rhetoric and an operational conduct primarily focusing on curbing irregular migration as a form of organized hypocrisy. Decoupling talk and action allowed Triton and EUNAVFOR Med to reconcile the conflicting expectations arising from European governments’ willingness to reduce migrant arrivals and the normative imperative to act against the loss of life at sea. However, the European Union missions’ organized hypocrisy had several negative externalities, hindering effective management of the humanitarian crisis offshore Libya.

Purpose Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) has emerged as a novel tool for the non-invasive imaging and evaluation of the retinal microvasculature. There is little existing literature that compares OCT-A microvasculature metrics across different OCT-A devices in chorioretinal diseases. Herein, we examined these metrics on three available OCT-A platforms. Patients and methods All subjects were scanned on each of three OCT-A devices: Optovue Avanti Angiovue, Topcon DRI-OCT Triton Swept-Source OCT, and Zeiss Cirrus 5000-HD-OCT Angioplex. Two investigators independently measured foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area. Superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) vessel densities (VD) were calculated from binarized images with ImageJ software. Image quality across devices was qualitatively compared. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Bland-Altman analysis, repeated measures ANOVA, and post-hoc tests were performed for statistical analysis. Results Thirteen eyes of seven patients with chorioretinal diagnoses were reviewed. ICC for FAZ measurement was 0.95. There was no significant difference in FAZ area across the three devices (p= 0.792). There was a significant difference in the SCP VD between the OCT-A devices (Triton 0.344 ± 0.013, Angiovue 0.323 ± 0.013, Angioplex 0.367 ± 0.014, p < 0.05). Significantly greater DCP VD was observed with Angioplex (0.385 ± 0.010) in comparison to both Triton (0.331 ± 0.009) and Angiovue (0.341 ± 0.020). A comparison of image quality revealed that Angiovue gives the highest quality, followed by Angioplex and Triton. Conclusion Core macular microvasculature metrics are now readily accessible on a variety of available OCT-A devices. While the FAZ can be reliably measured across all three devices in this study, there were significant differences for the vessel density in both the SCP and DCP. As a result, clinicians should be careful when comparing microvasculature metrics across different devices when using patient data in multicenter research investigations and clinical trials., Video abstract Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/aE1L-k0Lrvw

Objective To evaluate the hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic activities of four Marrbium vulgare herb extracts using Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemia in mice. Methods Hyperlipidemia was developed by intraperitoneal injection of Triton (200 mg/kg body weight). The animals were divided into main four groups of eight mice each: normal control group, hyperlipidemic control group, hyperlipidemic plus tween-40 control and treated group. The fourth one was divided into four subgroups, petroleum ether extract group, chloroform extract group, ethyl acetate extract group and methanol extract treated group each of them contains two sub-sub group for treating animals with two doses at 0.1 and 0.25 LD50. Results After 7 h and 24 h of treatment, the intragastric administration of all extracts caused a significant decrease of plasma total cholesterol. Triglyceride levels were also significantly lowered by all extracts while petroleum ether produced the lowest decreasing level. Similar results were observed for LDL-cholesterol concentrations. Furthermore, more polar extracts (methanol and ethyl acetate)-soluble fractions showed a significant ameliorative action on elevated atherogenic index (AI) and LDL/HDL-C ratios, while these atherogenic markers were not statistically suppressed by the chloroform and petroleum ether-soluble extract. Conclusion The findings indicated that Marrubium may contain polar products able to lower plasma lipid concentrations and might be beneficial in treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has become a valuable resource as a remote sensing technique. In the past decade, the use of reflected GNSS signals for sensing the Earth, also known as GNSS reflectometry (GNSS-R), has grown rapidly. On the other hand, with the continuous development of GNSS, multi-frequency multi-modulation signals have been used to enhance not only positioning performance, but also remote sensing applications. It is known that for some constellations, navigation satellites broadcast signals employing BPSK (binary phase-shift keying) modulation and BOC (binary offset carrier) modulation at the same frequency band. This paper proposes a new GNSS-R measurement, called a composite delay-Doppler map (cDDM), by utilizing the received reflected GNSS signals with different modulation techniques for the purpose of retrieving wind speed. The GNSS-R receiver can receive BPSK and BOC signals simultaneously at the same frequency band (e.g., GPS III L1 C/A and L1C or QZSS L1 C/A and L1C) and process the signals to generate GNSS-R measurements. Exploration of the observable features extracted from the composite DDM and the wind speed retrieval algorithm are also provided. The simulation verifies the proposed method under a configuration that is specified for the orbital and instrument specification of the upcoming TRITON mission.

This study was funded by the Agence Francaise pour la Biodiversite (research program supervised by J.M.P.) and the Ministere de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche (Ph.D. grant to N.B.). This work was carried out under the licenses 08/2015 and 07/2016 delivered by the Prefecture de la Loire-Atlantique. We thank the Parc Natural Regional de Briere, notably J.P. Damien, for supporting our research activities on amphibian ecology. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. We are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.; International audience; Stable isotope analyses (SIA) are now widely used in ecology research to quantify the trophic implications of a large range of ecological processes. Non-destructive sampling methods have been successfully developed for most vertebrates, but the validation of such methods is missing in amphibians. Filling this methodological gap is critical to reduce the significant lack of knowledge on the trophic ecology of this imperilled group. The relevance of tail fin as a surrogate for muscle, a tissue routinely used for SIA, was assessed in four amphibian species, including tadpoles and adult newts, by (1) testing the link between the isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in fin and muscle, and addressing the additional practical issues of (2) the effects of a topical anaesthetic on isotope ratios, and (3) the minimum quantities of fin needed for SIA to limit the severity of sampling. The isotope ratios were highly correlated between the two tissues in all four species. Equations were provided to predict muscle estimates from fin values for each species separately and grouped by their taxonomic order (anurans or urodeles), which represent a valuable solution for any other species. Topical anaesthetics had little influence on isotope ratios, and the surface of tail fin needed for SIA was small. We conclude that the tail fin of amphibians can be used as a non-lethal surrogate for muscle in SIA, and this offers promising prospects for research on the trophic ecology of amphibians, and potentially on their conservation.; Les analyses d'isotopes stables (AIS) sont maintenant largement utilisées en recherche en écologie pour quantifier les implications trophiques d'une large gamme de processus écologiques. Des méthodes d'échantillonnage non-létales ont été développées chez la plupart des vertébrés, mais une telle validation est absente chez les amphibiens. Il est essentiel de combler cette lacune de façon à réduire le manque de connaissances sur l'écologie trophique de ce groupe menacé. La pertinence de la nageoire caudale comme substitut au muscle, un tissu régulièrement utilisé pour les AIS, a été évaluée chez quatre espèces d'amphibiens, incluant des têtards et des tritons, (1) en testant le lien entre les ratios isotopiques du carbone et de l'azote du muscle et de la nageoire, et en répondant à des questions pratiques comme (2) l'effet d'un anesthésique local sur les ratios isotopiques, et (3) les quantités minimales de nageoire nécessaires aux analyses isotopiques, dans le but de limiter la sévérité de l'échantillonnage. Les ratios isotopiques étaient hautement corrélés entre les deux tissus chez les quatre espèces. Des équations ont été fournies pour prédire les valeurs du muscle à partir de celles de la nageoire en considérant chaque espèce séparément et en les regroupant selon leur ordre taxonomique (anoures ou urodèles) ce qui représente une solution intéressante pour d'autres espèces. L'anesthésique topique a eu une faible influence sur les ratios isotopiques, et la surface de nageoire nécessaire pour les AIS était faible. Nous concluons que la nageoire caudale des amphibiens peut être utilisée en tant que substitut au muscle pour conduire des AIS, ce qui offre des perspectives prometteuses pour la recherche en écologie trophique des amphibiens, et potentiellement pour leur conservation.

In this article, we summarize the work of the NASA Outer Planets Assessment Group (OPAG) Roadmaps to Ocean Worlds (ROW) group. The aim of this group is to assemble the scientific framework that will guide the exploration of ocean worlds, and to identify and prioritize science objectives for ocean worlds over the next several decades. The overarching goal of an Ocean Worlds exploration program as defined by ROW is to “identify ocean worlds, characterize their oceans, evaluate their habitability, search for life, and ultimately understand any life we find.” The ROW team supports the creation of an exploration program that studies the full spectrum of ocean worlds, that is, not just the exploration of known ocean worlds such as Europa but candidate ocean worlds such as Triton as well. The ROW team finds that the confirmed ocean worlds Enceladus, Titan, and Europa are the highest priority bodies to target in the near term to address ROW goals. Triton is the highest priority candidate ocean world to target in the near term. A major finding of this study is that, to map out a coherent Ocean Worlds Program, significant input is required from studies here on Earth; rigorous Research and Analysis studies are called for to enable some future ocean worlds missions to be thoughtfully planned and undertaken. A second finding is that progress needs to be made in the area of collaborations between Earth ocean scientists and extraterrestrial ocean scientists.

The picture of the Alexandria’s lighthouse equiped with four tritons at the corners of its first floor is quite characteristic of the representations figured from the Ist century p. C. These tritons accompanied by their conch are an Alexandrian specificity, since they are not found on any other lighthouse of the Antiquity. This work brings together a rich textual, iconographic and conchyliological documentation of the Triton(s). The conch, a marine sonorous instrument, becomes the main attribute of this divinity in connection with navigation. It’s in a prolific context that the Alexandrian engineers choose to automate these divinities benefactors of the maritime world to create a real harbour signal., L’image du phare d’Alexandrie pourvu de quatre tritons aux angles de son premier étage est tout à fait caractéristique des représentations figurées à partir du Ier s. ap. J.-C. Ces tritons accompagnés de leur conque sont une spécificité alexandrine, puisqu’on ne les retrouve sur aucun autre phare du monde antique. Ce travail réunit une riche documentation textuelle, iconographique et conchyliologique de(s) Triton(s). La conque, instrument sonore marin, devient l’attribut principal de cette divinité en lien avec la navigation. C’est dans un contexte prolifique que les ingénieurs alexandrins choisissent d’automatiser ces divinités bienfaitrices du monde maritime, afin de créer une véritable signalétique portuaire.

The non-symmetrized hyperspherical harmonics method for a three-body system, composed by two particles having equal masses, but different from the mass of the third particle, is reviewed and applied to the $^3$H, $^3$He nuclei and $^3_{\Lambda}$H hyper-nucleus, seen respectively as $nnp$, $ppn$ and $NN\Lambda$ three-body systems. The convergence of the method is first tested in order to estimate its accuracy. Then, the difference of binding energy between $^3$H and $^3$He due to the difference of the proton and the neutron masses is studied using several central spin-independent and spin-dependent potentials. Finally, the $^3_{\Lambda}$H hypernucleus binding energy is calculated using different $NN$ and $\Lambda N$ potential models. The results have been compared with those present in the literature, finding a very nice agreement.

Riassunto: Il reperto inedito oggetto del presente studio, attualmente custodito presso i magazzini del Museo Civico Giovanni Marongiu di Cabras (OR), consiste nel frammento di un sarcofago marmoreo decorato con una scena di thiasos marino. L’obiettivo di questo contributo si focalizza sull’analisi iconografica di tale immagine allo scopo di indagare il suo significato nella scultura funeraria romana e conseguentemente anche le dinamiche socio-culturali che ne hanno determinato l’uso da parte della committenza. Abstract: This study concerns an unpublished fragment of a marble sarcophagus decorated with a scene of sea thiasos, now in the warehouses of the Museo Civico Giovanni Marongiu at Cabras (OR). By means of the iconographic analysis of this image, the aim of this paper is to investigate its meaning in the Roman funeral sculpture and consequently as well the social and cultural dynamics that have determined its use by the patronage., Layers. Archeologia Territorio Contesti, N. 3 (2018)

This PhD study, developed at Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), aims to cover the first phase of the benchmark released by the expert group on Uncertainty Analysis in Modeling (UAM-LWR). The main contribution to the benchmark, made by the thesis' author, is the development of a MATLAB program requested by the benchmark organizers. This is used to generate neutronic libraries to distribute among the benchmark participants. The UAM benchmark pretends to determine the uncertainty introduced by coupled multi-physics and multi-scale LWR analysis codes. The benchmark is subdivided into three phases: 1. Neutronic phase: obtain collapsed and homogenized problem-dependent cross sections and criticality analyses. 2. Core phase: standalone thermohydraulic and neutronic codes. 3. System phase: coupled thermohydraulic and neutronic code. In this thesis the objectives of the first phase are covered. Specifically, a methodology is developed to propagate the uncertainty of cross sections and other neutronic parameters through a lattice physics code and core simulator. An Uncertainty and Sensitivity (U&S) analysis is performed over the cross sections contained in the ENDF/B-VII nuclear library. Their uncertainty is propagated through the lattice physics code SCALE6.2.1, including the collapse and homogenization phase, up to the generation of problem-dependent neutronic libraries. Afterward, the uncertainty contained in these libraries can be further propagated through a core simulator, in this study PARCSv3.2. The module SAMPLER -available in the latest release of SCALE- and DAKOTA 6.3 statistical tool are used for the U&S analysis. As a part of this process, a methodology to obtain neutronic libraries in NEMTAB format -to be used in a core simulator- is also developed. A code-to-code comparison with CASMO-4 is used as a verification. The whole methodology is tested using a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) reactor type. Nevertheless, there is not any concern or limitation regarding its use in any other type of nuclear reactor. The Gesellschaft für Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS) stochastic methodology for uncertainty quantification is used. This methodology makes use of the high-fidelity model and nonparametric sampling to propagate the uncertainty. As a result, the number of samples (determined using the revised Wilks' formula) does not depend on the number of input parameters but only on the desired confidence and uncertainty of output parameters. Moreover, the output Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs) are not subject to normality. The main disadvantage is that each input parameter must have a pre-defined PDF. If possible, input PDFs are defined using information found in the related literature. Otherwise, the uncertainty definition is based on expert judgment. A second scenario is used to propagate the uncertainty of different thermohydraulic parameters through the coupled code TRACE5.0p3/PARCSv3.0. In this case, a PWR reactor type is used and a transient control rod drop occurrence is simulated. As a new feature, the core is modeled chan-by-chan following a fully 3D discretization. No other study is found using a detailed 3D core. This U&S analysis also makes use of the GRS methodology and DAKOTA 6.3., Este trabajo de doctorado, desarrollado en la Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), tiene como objetivo cubrir la primera fase del benchmark presentado por el grupo de expertos Uncertainty Analysis in Modeling (UAM-LWR). La principal contribución al benchmark, por parte del autor de esta tesis, es el desarrollo de un programa de MATLAB solicitado por los organizadores del benchmark, el cual se usa para generar librerías neutrónicas a distribuir entre los participantes del benchmark. El benchmark del UAM pretende determinar la incertidumbre introducida por los códigos multifísicos y multiescala acoplados de análisis de reactores de agua ligera. El citado benchmark se divide en tres fases: 1. Fase neutrónica: obtener los parámetros neutrónicos y secciones eficaces del problema específico colapsados y homogenizados, además del análisis de criticidad. 2. Fase de núcleo: análisis termo-hidráulico y neutrónico por separado. 3. Fase de sistema: análisis termo-hidráulico y neutrónico acoplados. En esta tesis se completan los principales objetivos de la primera fase. Concretamente, se desarrolla una metodología para propagar la incertidumbre de secciones eficaces y otros parámetros neutrónicos a través de un código lattice y un simulador de núcleo. Se lleva a cabo un análisis de incertidumbre y sensibilidad para las secciones eficaces contenidas en la librería neutrónica ENDF/B-VII. Su incertidumbre se propaga a través del código lattice SCALE6.2.1, incluyendo las fases de colapsación y homogenización, hasta llegar a la generación de una librería neutrónica específica del problema. Luego, la incertidumbre contenida en dicha librería puede continuar propagándose a través de un simulador de núcleo, para este estudio PARCSv3.2. Para el análisis de incertidumbre y sensibilidad se ha usado el módulo SAMPLER -disponible en la última versión de SCALE- y la herramienta estadística DAKOTA 6.3. Como parte de este proceso, también se ha desarrollado una metodología para obtener librerías neutrónicas en formato NEMTAB para ser usadas en simuladores de núcleo. Se ha realizado una comparación con el código CASMO-4 para obtener una verificación de la metodología completa. Esta se ha probado usando un reactor de agua en ebullición del tipo BWR. Sin embargo, no hay ninguna preocupación o limitación respecto a su uso con otro tipo de reactor nuclear. Para la cuantificación de la incertidumbre se usa la metodología estocástica Gesellschaft für Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). Esta metodología hace uso del modelo de alta fidelidad y un muestreo no paramétrico para propagar la incertidumbre. Como resultado, el número de muestras (determinado con la fórmula revisada de Wilks) no depende del número de parámetros de entrada, sólo depende del nivel de confianza e incertidumbre deseados de los parámetros de salida. Además, las funciones de distribución de probabilidad no están limitadas a normalidad. El principal inconveniente es que se ha de disponer de las distribuciones de probabilidad de cada parámetro de entrada. Si es posible, las distribuciones de probabilidad de entrada se definen usando información encontrada en la literatura relacionada. En caso contrario, la incertidumbre se define en base a la opinión de un experto. Se usa un segundo escenario para propagar la incertidumbre de diferentes parámetros termo-hidráulicos a través del código acoplado TRACE5.0p3/PARCSv3.0. En este caso, se utiliza un reactor tipo PWR para simular un transitorio de una caída de barra. Como nueva característica, el núcleo se modela elemento a elemento siguiendo una discretización totalmente en 3D. No se ha encontrado ningún otro estudio que use un núcleo tan detallado en 3D. También se usa la metodología GRS y el DAKOTA 6.3 para este análisis de incertidumbre y sensibilidad., Aquest treball de doctorat, desenvolupat a la Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), té com a objectiu cobrir la primera fase del benchmark presentat pel grup d'experts Uncertainty Analysis in Modeling (UAM-LWR). La principal contribució al benchmark, per part de l'autor d'aquesta tesi, es el desenvolupament d'un programa de MATLAB sol¿licitat pels organitzadors del benchmark, el qual s'utilitza per a generar llibreries neutròniques a distribuir entre els participants del benchmark. El benchmark del UAM pretén determinar la incertesa introduïda pels codis multifísics i multiescala acoblats d'anàlisi de reactors d'aigua lleugera. El citat benchmark es divideix en tres fases: 1. Fase neutrònica: obtenir els paràmetres neutrònics i seccions eficaces del problema específic, col¿lapsats i homogeneïtzats, a més de la anàlisi de criticitat. 2. Fase de nucli: anàlisi termo-hidràulica i neutrònica per separat. 3. Fase de sistema: anàlisi termo-hidràulica i neutrònica acoblats. En aquesta tesi es completen els principals objectius de la primera fase. Concretament, es desenvolupa una metodologia per propagar la incertesa de les seccions eficaces i altres paràmetres neutrònics a través d'un codi lattice i un simulador de nucli. Es porta a terme una anàlisi d'incertesa i sensibilitat per a les seccions eficaces contingudes en la llibreria neutrònica ENDF/B-VII. La seua incertesa es propaga a través del codi lattice SCALE6.2.1, incloent les fases per col¿lapsar i homogeneïtzar, fins aplegar a la generació d'una llibreria neutrònica específica del problema. Després, la incertesa continguda en la esmentada llibreria pot continuar propagant-se a través d'un simulador de nucli, per a aquest estudi PARCSv3.2. Per a l'anàlisi d'incertesa i sensibilitat s'ha utilitzat el mòdul SAMPLER -disponible a l'última versió de SCALE- i la ferramenta estadística DAKOTA 6.3. Com a part d'aquest procés, també es desenvolupa una metodologia per a obtenir llibreries neutròniques en format NEMTAB per ser utilitzades en simuladors de nucli. S'ha realitzat una comparació amb el codi CASMO-4 per obtenir una verificació de la metodologia completa. Aquesta s'ha provat utilitzant un reactor d'aigua en ebullició del tipus BWR. Tanmateix, no hi ha cap preocupació o limitació respecte del seu ús amb un altre tipus de reactor nuclear. Per a la quantificació de la incertesa s'utilitza la metodologia estocàstica Gesellschaft für Anlagen und Reaktorsicherheit (GRS). Aquesta metodologia fa ús del model d'alta fidelitat i un mostreig no paramètric per propagar la incertesa. Com a resultat, el nombre de mostres (determinat amb la fórmula revisada de Wilks) no depèn del nombre de paràmetres d'entrada, sols depèn del nivell de confiança i incertesa desitjats dels paràmetres d'eixida. A més, las funcions de distribució de probabilitat no estan limitades a la normalitat. El principal inconvenient és que s'ha de disposar de les distribucions de probabilitat de cada paràmetre d'entrada. Si és possible, les distribucions de probabilitat d'entrada es defineixen utilitzant informació trobada a la literatura relacionada. En cas contrari, la incertesa es defineix en base a l'opinió d'un expert. S'utilitza un segon escenari per propagar la incertesa de diferents paràmetres termo-hidràulics a través del codi acoblat TRACE5.0p3/PARCSv3.0. En aquest cas, s'utilitza un reactor tipus PWR per simular un transitori d'una caiguda de barra. Com a nova característica, cal assenyalar que el nucli es modela element a element seguint una discretizació totalment 3D. No s'ha trobat cap altre estudi que utilitze un nucli tan detallat en 3D. També s'utilitza la metodologia GRS i el DAKOTA 6.3 per a aquesta anàlisi d'incertesa i sensibilitat.¿

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible antihyperlipidemic effect of Pongamia pinnata (Leguminosae) leaf extract in triton (400 mg/kg b.w.) induced and atherogenic diet induced hyperlipidemic rats. Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of leaves were evaluated for antihyperlipidemic. Antihyperlipidemic drug simvastatin (10mg/kg body wt.) was used as a positive control. The results of the study were expressed as mean± S.E.M. and data was analyzed by using one way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett’s t-test for multiple comparisons. In diet induced model, chloroform extract showed significant serum lipid lowering parameters like total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipopreotein (VLDL) and increase in high density lipoprotein (HDL) in hyperlipidemic rats of both models as compared to hyperlipidemic control statistically. In triton induced model, oral administration of (500 mg/kg body wt.) of the chloroform extract and alcoholic extract were able to reduce serum lipid level significantly as compared to hyperlipidemic control. Our results demonstrated that chloroform extract of P. pinnata leaves possessed significant antihyperlipidemic activity hence it could be a potential herbal medicine as adjuvant with existing therapy for the treatment of hyperlipidemia

Inclusive 3H spectra and differential cross sections of the 3H(d, t) reaction are measured at the deu-teron beam energy of 36,9 MeV. Shapes of the inclusive 3H spectra were reproduced by using a model that takes into account simple quasi-binary mechanisms and characteristics of the experimental method, i.e., nonmono-chromaticity of the accelerated deuteron beam, target thickness, spectrometer energy resolution, beam spot size on the target, detector apertures, and target–detector distance. It is found that the most important processes in the 3H(d, t) reaction are the proton-neutron Final State Interactions in the singlet 1S0 state (singlet deuteron) and in the triplet 3S1 one, sequential decay via the 4H* resonance (Ent = 2,2 MeV, Г = 3,4 MeV) and the proton (neutron) - triton quasifree scattering processes.

Tidal heating plays a significant role in the evolution of many satellites in the outer Solar System; however, it is unclear whether tidal dissipation in a global liquid ocean can represent a significant additional heat source. Tyler (Tyler, R.H. [2008]. Nature 456, 770-772; Tyler, R.H. [2009]. Geophys. Res. Lett. 36, doi:10.1029/2009GL038300) suggested that obliquity tides could drive large-scale flow in the oceans of Europa and Enceladus, leading to significant heating. A critical unknown in this previous work is what the tidal quality factor, Q, of such an ocean should be. The corresponding tidal dissipation spans orders of magnitude depending on the value of Q assumed. To address this issue we adopt an approach employed in terrestrial ocean modeling, where a significant portion of tidal dissipation arises due to bottom drag, with the drag coefficient O (0.001) being relatively well-established. From numerical solutions to the shallow-water equations including nonlinear bottom drag, we obtain scalings for the equivalent value of Q as a function of this drag coefficient. In addition, we provide new scaling relations appropriate for the inclusion of ocean tidal heating in thermal-orbital evolution models. Our approach is appropriate for situations in which the ocean bottom topography is much smaller than the ocean thickness. Using these novel scalings, we calculate the ocean contribution to the overall thermal energy budgets for many of the outer Solar System satellites. Although uncertainties such as ocean thickness and satellite obliquity remain, we find that for most satellites it is unlikely that ocean tidal dissipation is important when compared to either radiogenic or solid-body tidal heating. Of known satellites, Triton is the most likely icy satellite to have ocean tidal heating play a role in its present day thermal budget and long-term thermal evolution. © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

Graphical abstract, The use of biodegradable material such as simple carbohydrates and recyclable material such as thermo-sensitive polymers is in need to develop a sustainable aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) for the purification of biomolecules. Accurate determination of sucrose concentration is important in liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) study of carbohydrate-based ATPS. The well-established phenol–sulfuric acid method has been widely employed in the measurement of carbohydrate concentration. However, the presence of thermo-sensitive polymers, which has a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) below room temperature, in carbohydrate samples could hamper the precision of spectrophotometric analysis due to the formation of two phases or cloudiness in the sample. Thus, the following modifications were made in an attempt to eliminate the interference occurred during conventional phenol–sulfuric acid assay.•The modified assay for sucrose quantification was performed at an ice-cold temperature throughout the reaction in order to avoid the interference from thermo-sensitive polymers.•This method required a sample volume of 3 μL and hence the volume of other reagents employed was also considerably reduced.•The absorbance was measured at 520 nm which allowed a longer linearity range (0.05–7.5%, w/v).

We investigate analytically and numerically the structure and properties of localized two- and three-kink solutions of the sine-Gordon equation, which are excited in the region of the attracting impurity. We have considered cases of single and double spatially extended impurity.

Objectives: The aim of this study has been to investigate the possible antihyperlipidemic effect of Salacia chinensis root extract in triton (400mg/kg b.w.)-induced and atherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Materials and Methods: Petroleum ether (60-80°C), chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of Salacia chinensis roots were evaluated for antihyperlipidemic activity in triton- and atherogenic diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. A comparison was also made between the action of Salacia chinensis root extract and a known antihyperlipidemic drug simvastatin (10 mg/kg body wt.). The results of the study were expressed as mean± S.E. and data was analyzed by using one way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) followed by Dunnett's t-test for multiple comparisons. Values with P < 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: Oral administration of 500 mg/kg body wt. of the chloroform extract and alcoholic extract of Salacia chinensis root exhibited a significant reduction (P

This study was funded by the Agence Francaise pour la Biodiversite (research program supervised by J.M.P.) and the Ministere de l'Education Nationale, de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche (Ph.D. grant to N.B.). This work was carried out under the licenses 08/2015 and 07/2016 delivered by the Prefecture de la Loire-Atlantique. We thank the Parc Natural Regional de Briere, notably J.P. Damien, for supporting our research activities on amphibian ecology. The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. We are also grateful to two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.; International audience; Stable isotope analyses (SIA) are now widely used in ecology research to quantify the trophic implications of a large range of ecological processes. Non-destructive sampling methods have been successfully developed for most vertebrates, but the validation of such methods is missing in amphibians. Filling this methodological gap is critical to reduce the significant lack of knowledge on the trophic ecology of this imperilled group. The relevance of tail fin as a surrogate for muscle, a tissue routinely used for SIA, was assessed in four amphibian species, including tadpoles and adult newts, by (1) testing the link between the isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in fin and muscle, and addressing the additional practical issues of (2) the effects of a topical anaesthetic on isotope ratios, and (3) the minimum quantities of fin needed for SIA to limit the severity of sampling. The isotope ratios were highly correlated between the two tissues in all four species. Equations were provided to predict muscle estimates from fin values for each species separately and grouped by their taxonomic order (anurans or urodeles), which represent a valuable solution for any other species. Topical anaesthetics had little influence on isotope ratios, and the surface of tail fin needed for SIA was small. We conclude that the tail fin of amphibians can be used as a non-lethal surrogate for muscle in SIA, and this offers promising prospects for research on the trophic ecology of amphibians, and potentially on their conservation.; Les analyses d'isotopes stables (AIS) sont maintenant largement utilisées en recherche en écologie pour quantifier les implications trophiques d'une large gamme de processus écologiques. Des méthodes d'échantillonnage non-létales ont été développées chez la plupart des vertébrés, mais une telle validation est absente chez les amphibiens. Il est essentiel de combler cette lacune de façon à réduire le manque de connaissances sur l'écologie trophique de ce groupe menacé. La pertinence de la nageoire caudale comme substitut au muscle, un tissu régulièrement utilisé pour les AIS, a été évaluée chez quatre espèces d'amphibiens, incluant des têtards et des tritons, (1) en testant le lien entre les ratios isotopiques du carbone et de l'azote du muscle et de la nageoire, et en répondant à des questions pratiques comme (2) l'effet d'un anesthésique local sur les ratios isotopiques, et (3) les quantités minimales de nageoire nécessaires aux analyses isotopiques, dans le but de limiter la sévérité de l'échantillonnage. Les ratios isotopiques étaient hautement corrélés entre les deux tissus chez les quatre espèces. Des équations ont été fournies pour prédire les valeurs du muscle à partir de celles de la nageoire en considérant chaque espèce séparément et en les regroupant selon leur ordre taxonomique (anoures ou urodèles) ce qui représente une solution intéressante pour d'autres espèces. L'anesthésique topique a eu une faible influence sur les ratios isotopiques, et la surface de nageoire nécessaire pour les AIS était faible. Nous concluons que la nageoire caudale des amphibiens peut être utilisée en tant que substitut au muscle pour conduire des AIS, ce qui offre des perspectives prometteuses pour la recherche en écologie trophique des amphibiens, et potentiellement pour leur conservation.

The purpose of this study was to purify the hemagglutinin from H5N1 virus and to generate monospecific antibody appropriate for production of sensitive and specific immunoassay for H5N1 avian influenza. For this purpose, a local isolate H5N1 virus (A/Ck/West Java/Hamd/2006) was propagated in chicken embryos. The viral pellet was dissolved in a Triton-X-100 solution, undissolved viral particles were pelleted by ultracentrifuge, and the supernatant containing viral surface glycoproteins (Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase) was collected. The neuraminidase in the supernatant was absorbed by passing the supernatant through an Oxamic-acid-superose column. After dialyzing extensively, the filtrate was further fractionated with an anion exchange chromatography (Q-sepharose) column. Proteins adsorbed by the column were eluted stepwisely with 0.10, 0.25, 0.25 and 0.75 M NaCl in 20 mM Tris, ph 8. Hemagglutinin (H5) was found to be eluted from the column with the 0.5 M NaCl elution buffer. The purified H5 was free from other viral proteins based on immunoassays using commercial antibodies to H5N1 nucleoprotein and neuraminidase. When used as ELISA’s coating antigen, the purified H5 proved to be sensitive and specific for hemagglutinin H5. Cross reactions with other type-A-influenza virus, H6, H7 dan H9, were negligibly low. For the production of monospecific antiserum, the purified H5 was separated with SDS-PAGE, the band containing the H5 monomer was cut out , homogenised and injected into rabbits. The antiserum was capable of detecting the presence of inactivated H5N1 virus in a very dilute suspension, with a detection limit of 0.04 heagglutination (HA) unit. The purified hemagglutinin and the serum raised against it should be useful for developing specific, sensitive and affordable immunoassay for H5N1 avian influenza.

The break-up reaction D+ T ®d + d + n is investigated at the energy of incident deuterons of 36,9 MeV. Inclusive energy spectra as well as angular distributions of deuterons are measured. We described the results of the experiment satisfactorily in the framework of the microscopic diffraction nuclear model taking into account the interaction in the final state. Our calculations have shown that the main process leading to appearance of deuterons in the output channel of D+ T ®d + d + n reaction is diffractive break-up of the triton by the incident deuteron, and the scattered deuterons give major contribution to the cross section. The contribution of the processes involving the formation of the intermediate resonances is quite small.

The deuterium operation of the large helical device (LHD) heliotron started in March 7, 2017, after long-term preparation and commissioning works necessary to execute the deuterium experiment. A comprehensive set of neutron diagnostics was implemented to accelerate energetic-particle physics research in the LHD. The calibrated ex-vessel neutron flux monitor indicated that the total neutron emission rate in the first deuterium campaign reached 3.3 × 1015 n s−1 in inward shifted magnetic field configuration where confinement of helically trapped energetic ions is predicted to be better. Density dependence of measured total neutron emission rate was consistent with that predicted by the calculation. The neutron decay rate analysis following perpendicular deuterium beam blips injection suggested that the confinement of helically trapped beam ions can be understood by the classical slowing down model in relatively high-electron density plasmas at inward shifted magnetic field configuration. On the other hand, loss of helically-trapped beam ions was recognized even in the inward shifted configuration in the case of low density. Performance of the vertical neutron camera was verified by changing the plasma position and/or magnetic field strength. Drastic change of neutron emission profile was observed when the resistive interchange mode driven by helically-trapped beam ions appears. It was successfully demonstrated that the vertical neutron camera can play an important role in revealing radial transport and/or loss of beam ions. Triton burnup study was also conducted. In the first deuterium campaign, the maximum triton burnup ratio of 0.45% was obtained in inward shifted configuration. The burnup ratio decreased as a plasma was shifted outwardly as expected.

Introduction: The level of plasma triglyceride is balanced by the rate of secretion into and clearance from the plasma. Tyloxapol (Triton WR1339) is a nonionic detergent that inhibits lipoprotein lipase and hence clearance of triglyceride from the plasma. Aim: To determine the kinetic of plasma lipids and lipoproteins following injection of tyloxapol over a period of two weeks. Materials and Methods: Fifteen male rats were starved overnight and injected intravenously with tyloxapol (400mg/kg). Blood samples were taken in three steps as, the early (1-6 hours), the middle (1-2 days) and the third (3-9 days) phase. Plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride were measured by enzymatic methods and total phospholipids were analysed as molybdenum blue. Serum lipoproteins were fractionated by electrophoresis on agarose gel (Sebia Inc). Results: The changes of plasma lipids following tyloxapol injection showed three distinctive phases. The early phase lasts at least 6 hours, and the concentrations of triglyceride, total cholesterol and phospholipids increased linearly. The rate of triglyceride secretion was 259.7 + 8.1 mg/h.dl in this phase, which was comparable to the mean rate of 250.6 + 37.0 mg/h.dl or 102.8 + 15.2 mg/h.kg body in starved male rat. During the next 48 hour the lipids continued to accumulate but at a lower rate, and the levels of triglyceride, cholesterol and total phospholipids rose up to about 3200, 586 and 715 mg/dl respectively. In the last phase, the levels of plasma lipids decreased toward the basal levels after 5 days. In serum lipoprotein electrophoresis, the VLDL and LDL increased and HDL fraction disappeared simultaneously during the initial 2 hours of tyloxapol injection. The VLDL fell down toward the normal range, preceded to the reappearance of HDL during 5 days. Conclusion: A single intravenous injection of tyloxapol shows three distinctive phases. In the early phase, triglyceride accumulates linearly and the rate of its increment in plasma is a good estimate of the rate of VLDL secretion from the liver.

Two females and a male triton of Charonia lampas lampas (Linnaeus, 1758) were collected from March 2010 to September 2012 in S. Raineri peninsula in Messina, (Sicily, Italy). They were reared in a tank at the Aquarium of Messina. Mussels, starfish, and holothurians were provided as feed for the tritons. Spawning occurred in November 2012, lasted for 15 days, yielding a total number of 500 egg capsules, with approximately 2.0-3.0 x 103 eggs/capsule. The snail did not eat during the month, in which spawned. Spawning behavior and larval development of the triton was described., Dvije ženke i mužjak puža Tritonova truba, Charonia lampas lampas (Linnaeus, 1758) su prikupljeni od ožujka 2010. do rujna 2012. na poluotoku S. Raineri, Messina, (Sicilija, Italija). Ovi primjerci su uzgajani u spremniku akvarija u Messini. Puž Tritonova truba je hranjen s školjkama, zvjezdačama i trpovima. Mrijest se dogodio u studenom 2012. godine, trajao je 15 dana tijekom kojih je izneseno 500 jajčanih kapsula s približno 2.0-3.0 x 103 jaja po kapsuli. Puževi nisu jeli tijekom mjeseca u kojem se odvijalo mriješćenje. U radu su opisani ponašanje tijekom mrijesta i razvoj ličinke Tritonove trube.

The Grotta Azzurra is a well-known sea cave located on the north west side of the island. Between 27 and 37 Capri became Tiberius’s permanent residence and it was the capital of the Roman World. The Grotta Azzurra is famous for the bright blue tones and the mysterious silver appearance of the objects immersed in the water. This effect is caused by the sunlight, which passes through an underwater cavity that shines through the seawater and illuminates the cavern. But for a long time the magical attraction was forgotten. It was not until 1826 that two German scholars discovered the cave which then became one of Capri’s most popular sites. In 1964 two statues were found on the sea bottom and ten years later archaeologists recovered even more statues and fragments. The statues are now depicted as a marine thiasos, one Neptune and three Tritones. But is an identification that clear?

We investigate equilibrium solutions for tripolar vortices in a two-layer quasi-geostrophic flow. Two of the vortices are like-signed and lie in one layer. An opposite-signed vortex lies in the other layer. The families of equilibria can be spanned by the distance (called separation) between the two like-signed vortices. Two equilibrium configurations are possible when the opposite-signed vortex lies between the two other vortices. In the first configuration (called ordinary roundabout), the opposite signed vortex is equidistant to the two other vortices. In the second configuration (eccentric roundabouts), the distances are unequal. We determine the equilibria numerically and describe their characteristics for various internal deformation radii. The two branches of equilibria can co-exist and intersect for small deformation radii. Then, the eccentric roundabouts are stable while unstable ordinary roundabouts can be found. Indeed, ordinary roundabouts exist at smaller separations than eccentric roundabouts do, thus inducing stronger vortex interactions. However, for larger deformation radii, eccentric roundabouts can also be unstable. Then, the two branches of equilibria do not cross. The branch of eccentric roundabouts only exists for large separations. Near the end of the branch of eccentric roundabouts (at the smallest separation), one of the like-signed vortices exhibits a sharp inner corner where instabilities can be triggered. Finally, we investigate the nonlinear evolution of a few selected cases of tripoles. Published by AIP Publishing.

著者人数: 26名, Accepted: 2014-05-12, 資料番号: SA1005020000

We present a grid method to solve the time dependent Schrodinger equation (TDSE). It uses the Crank-Nicholson scheme to propagate the wavefunction forward in time and finite differences to approximate the derivative operators. The resulting sparse linear system is solved by the symmetric successive overrelaxation iterative technique. The method handles local and nonlocal interactions and Hamiltonians that correspond to either Hermitian or to non-Hermitian matrices with real eigenvalues. We test the method by solving the TDSE in the imaginary time domain, thus converting the time propagation to asymptotic relaxation. Benchmark problems solved are both in one and two dimensions, with local, nonlocal, Hermitian and non-Hermitian Hamiltonians. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc. Journal of Computational Physics

Syftet med mitt examensarbete har varit att skriva, arrangera och spela in musik till Tritons kommande debutskiva, Beneath Our Feet. Arbetet består av två delar, en skriftlig del där jag redogör för dels en sammanfattning av den förberedande kursen 2012, som legat till grund och möjliggjort mitt arbete. Dels också huvudarbetet under 2013 där jag i egenskap av projektledare, producent och musiker genomfört den studioinspelning som utgjort vårt mål.Den andra, konstnärliga och klingande delen av mitt arbete gestaltas av de 8 låtinspelningarna jag tillsammans med Triton åstadkommit i Studio 2 på KMH. Bilaga: 2 CD

Transport properties of mitochondrial porin were investigated on the basis of changes in the activity of hexokinase utilizing external ATP. Production of glucose: 6-phosphate is inhibited by polyanion both in intact brain mitochondria and in contact point vesicles. Hexokinase activity is restored by solubilization of the enzyme by high ionic strength or 0.5-1% Triton X-100. In very low concentrations (0.001–0.005%) Triton does not mobilize hexokinase from its binding sites but it is able to release polyanion-inhibition completely. This finding provides an explanation for the discrepancy observed in the transport properties of porin when studied ‘in situ’ or in artificial lipid membranes.

The present OSS mission continues a long and bright tradition by associating the communities of fundamental physics and planetary sciences in a single mission with ambitious goals in both domains. OSS is an M-class mission to explore the Neptune system almost half a century after flyby of the Voyager 2 spacecraft. Several discoveries were made by Voyager 2, including the Great Dark Spot (which has now disappeared) and Triton's geysers. Voyager 2 revealed the dynamics of Neptune's atmosphere and found four rings and evidence of ring arcs above Neptune. Benefiting from a greatly improved instrumentation, it will result in a striking advance in the study of the farthest planet of the Solar System. Furthermore, OSS will provide a unique opportunity to visit a selected Kuiper Belt object subsequent to the passage of the Neptunian system. It will consolidate the hypothesis of the origin of Triton as a KBO captured by Neptune, and improve our knowledge on the formation of the Solar system. The probe will embark instruments allowing precise tracking of the probe during cruise. It allows to perform the best controlled experiment for testing, in deep space, the General Relativity, on which is based all the models of Solar system formation. OSS is proposed as an international cooperation between ESA and NASA, giving the capability for ESA to launch an M-class mission towards the farthest planet of the Solar system, and to a Kuiper Belt object. The proposed mission profile would allow to deliver a 500 kg class spacecraft. The design of the probe is mainly constrained by the deep space gravity test in order to minimise the perturbation of the accelerometer measurement., 43 pages, 10 figures, Accepted to Experimental Astronomy, Special Issue Cosmic Vision. Revision according to reviewers comments

Background It has been previously shown that enveloped viruses can be inactivated using aryl azides, such as 1-iodo-5-azidonaphthalene (INA), plus UVA irradiation with preservation of surface epitopes in the inactivated virus preparations. Prolonged UVA irradiation in the presence of INA results in ROS-species formation, which in turn results in detergent resistant viral protein fractions. Results Herein, we characterize the applicability of this technique to inactivate influenza. It is shown that influenza virus + INA (100 micromolar) + UVA irradiation for 30 minutes results in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in pelletablehemagglutinin after Triton X-100 treatment followed by ultracentrifugation. Additionally, characterization of the virus suspension by immunogold labeling in cryo-EM, and viral pellet characterization via immunoprecipitation with a neutralizing antibody, shows preservation of neutralization epitopes after this treatment. Conclusion These orthogonally inactivated viral preparations with detergent resistant fractions are being explored as a novel route for safe, effective inactivated vaccines generated from a variety of enveloped viruses.

International audience; Bacteriorhodopsin (bR) is a unique protein of purple membranes (PMs) of the bacterium Halobacterium salinarum. Tight trimers of this integral photochromic protein form a highly ordered 2D hexagonal crystalline lattice within the PMs. Due to strong excitonic interactions between the bR chromophores (retinals) in the protein trimers, PMs exhibit a strong circular dichroism (CD) activity in the region of the retinal absorption band, which allows monitoring the regularity and stability of the bR trimer organization within the membrane. In this study, the effects of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) on the bR intramembrane organization and the time course of bR monomerization caused by detergents have been analyzed. The results show that the interaction with QDs does not influence the bR structural organization but considerably accelerates the monomerization of the protein by detergents. These data have been confirmed by the results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) followed by Fourier transform analysis, which have shown that interactions with QDs cause an eightfold acceleration of bR monomerization with Triton. The data show that interactions of nanoparticles with biological membranes may modulate the membrane fluidity and the structural organization and function of integral proteins embedded in these membranes.

In this paper, the author underlines that epigraphic material and monuments mentioning ancient cults as patrons of seafaring and seafarers in Istria – which would correspond to numerous coastal settlements and ports, villas and landing places – are scarce. It is assumed that the supreme Roman sea deity Neptune was worshipped in the temple on the capitolium in Poreč, and in the residential maritime villa complex on the Brijuni Islands (the triad: Mars, Neptune, Venus). Indirect evidence of the worship of a coastal town’s patrons are depictions in relief of a group of oriental, Greek and Roman deities in the Pula forum (Jupiter Ammon, Achelous, Triton, the Nereids, Medusa). They belong to the familiar repertoire of cult decoration of maritime towns on the Adriatic coast (Salona, Zadar, Trieste, Aquileia). Interestingly, relief depictions of Achelous and the Nereids can also be found in the small and large Roman theatres in Pula. A sculpture representing one of the Dioscuri, the mortal Castor with a horse, has also been found in Pula. Regardless of the absence of small votive bronze figurines from home shrines, two bronze figurines of Isis Fortuna with a rudder, discovered in Savudrija and Loron, testify to the veneration of this cult in Roman villas on the western coast of Istria. Depiction of the sea god Glaucus on a gem found in the necropolis of Burla near Medulin fits into the repertoire of cult protection of fishermen and seafaring. The paper also contains a catalogue of cult monuments., Istarski poluotok uronjen u more sjevernojadranskog bazena, s tri kolonije na zapadnoj obali (Tergeste, Parentium, Pola), municipijima (Nesactium, Albona, Flanona) te brojnim rezidencijskim vilama (Vižula, Brijuni, Barbariga, Bosoja i dr.), keramičarskim proizvodnim kompleksima (Antenal, Tar, Valbriga, Loron, Červar, Sorna, Barbariga, Fažana, Valbandon i dr.), potencijalni su lokaliteti gdje se treba očekivati nalaz spomenika božanstvima i mitološke prikaze zaštitnika mora i voda tekućica (Ningus fl, Arsia fl.). Do suvremenog stupnja istraženosti nema velikog broja epigrafske i spomeničke građe koja spominje antičke kultove kao zaštitnike pomorstva i moreplovaca, a koja bi se poklapala s brojnim pomorskim naseljima i lukama, vilama i pristaništima. Jedno od vrhovnih rimskih božanstava, Neptun, imao je svoje hramove u kojima se odavao najviši stupanj počasti na forumu u Poreču (Neptunus Augustus) i u sklopu rezidencijskog maritimnog kompleksa vile na Brijunima (trijada: Mars, Neptun, Venera). Ovo su direktni dokazi štovanja Neptunovog kulta u formiranim svetištima u Istri. Indirektni dokazi štovanja zaštitnika pomorskog grada jesu reljefni prikazi i grupe orijentalno, grčko-rimskih božanstava na forumu u Puli. To su parapet pred centralnim forumskim hramom s likovima Aheloja, Jupiter Amona, Tritona i Meduze. Oni spadaju u poznati repertoar ukrašavanja pomorskih jadranskih gradova (Salona, Zadar, Trst, Akvileja). Zanimljivo je također da su prikazi Aheloja i Nereida ukrašavali Veliko i Malo rimsko kazalište u Puli. Skulptura jednog od Dioskura, smrtnog Kastora s konjem, otkrivena je u Puli. Pulski patron grada - Heraklo djelomično je povezan s morem kao jedan od posade broda Argo na kojem su bili i Dioskuri. Heraklo se bori i s Ahelojem, bogom grčke rijeke Aspropotamos. Veza Aheloja, Nereida i roga obilja kornukopije, koja je nastala od Ahelojevog roga u borbi s Heraklom, a kojeg Nereide pune obiljem plodova su tako isprepleteni da svojom simbolikom nesumnjivo ukazuju na zaštitu mornara i moreplovaca kolonije Pole. Nedostatak malih votivnih brončanih figurica za kućna svetišta, kao što su dvije brončane figurice Izide Fortune s kormilom iz Savudrije i Lorona, govore o štovanju tog kulta u rimskim vilama na zapadnoj obali Istre. Kao zaključak nameće se spoznaja da su Neptun, kao vrhovno božanstvo, ali i Jupiter Amon i Aheloj bili u funkciji rimske državne promidžbe, dok se u rimskim naseljima i vilama uz more privatno zaštitnici pomorstva i moreplovaca nisu intenzivno štovali.