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The identification of high-risk patients in the early stages of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) is critical, because it could help the clinicians to adopt more effective management strategies. We conducted a post hoc analysis of the MANCTRA-1 international study to assess the association between clinical risk factors and mortality among adult patients with IPN. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify prognostic factors of mortality. We identified 247 consecutive patients with IPN hospitalised between January 2019 and December 2020. History of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.135–15.882; aOR 4.245), qSOFA (p = 0.005; 95% CI 1.359–5.879; aOR 2.828), renal failure (p = 0.022; 95% CI 1.138–5.442; aOR 2.489), and haemodynamic failure (p = 0.018; 95% CI 1.184–5.978; aOR 2.661), were identified as independent predictors of mortality in IPN patients. Cholangitis (p = 0.003; 95% CI 1.598–9.930; aOR 3.983), abdominal compartment syndrome (p = 0.032; 95% CI 1.090–6.967; aOR 2.735), and gastrointestinal/intra-abdominal bleeding (p = 0.009; 95% CI 1.286–5.712; aOR 2.710) were independently associated with the risk of mortality. Upfront open surgical necrosectomy was strongly associated with the risk of mortality (p p = 0.018; 95% CI 0.138–0.834; aOR 0.339) and enteral nutrition (p = 0.003; 95% CI 0.143–0.716; aOR 0.320) were found as protective factors. Organ failure, acute cholangitis, and upfront open surgical necrosectomy were the most significant predictors of mortality. Our study confirmed that, even in a subgroup of particularly ill patients such as those with IPN, upfront open surgery should be avoided as much as possible. Study protocol registered in ClinicalTrials.Gov (I.D. Number NCT04747990). Graphical abstract

Se aborda la situación de las menores solas o mal acompañadas en las fronteras europeas desde la perspectiva de género y de derechos humanos. Las niñas y adolescentes en situación de vulnerabilidad familiar, social y política constituyen en la actualidad el batallón más demandado y lucrativo para las redes criminales de trata con fines de explotación sexual. Estas redes operan con las niñas y adolescentes como si fueran una mercancía o un patrimonio enajenado susceptible de ser cedido, intercambiado y traspasado entre fronteras con el fin de obtener el máximo beneficio de su explotación. En este artículo se revisan algunas de las principales teorías migratorias con perspectiva de género. También se aportan datos de informes internacionales recientes, mostrando las dificultades de detección y protección de las víctimas también en España. Todo ello ayuda a comprender la violencia sexual ejercida contra las niñas y adolescentes migrantes de origen extranjero en el marco general de las migraciones forzosas internacionales.

Background: A Dutch delegation of 45 clinical psychologists (in training) and science-practitioners visited their colleagues in Lisbon, Portugal as part of their post academic education program. Hospitals, mental healthcare facilities, universities, start-ups and innovation centers were visited. Purpose: Comparing the differences in the organization of healthcare systems and exchanging information to find inspiration for innovations and solutions regarding the challenges within their own countries. Method: An extensive program of working visits covering the entire spectrum relevant to the work of a psychologist: the clinical evidence-based work, the profession and how to organize scientific research and (technological) innovations in the field. Results: There was agreement between the participants from both countries that these topics require constant attention to promote the relevance of psychology in different domains such as (public) healthcare and scientific research. In addition, the importance of uniformity in education and training, examination and implementation of the profession of psychologists in a European context was supported. Conclusion: The exchange paid off: agreement about future international exchanges to inspire young psychologists, exchanging experience in the clinical field and cooperating in international scientific research as positive outcomes.

The purpose of this article is to analyse the influence of the pandemic on the grades obtained in different subjects that comprise the University entrance exam. With this purpose, we analysed a significant database containing grades related to four consecutive academic annual editions of the entrance exam to the University of La Laguna (Canary Islands, Spain) divided into two periods, pre-pandemic (academic years 2017-2018 and 2018-2019) and the post-pandemic (2019-2020 and 2020-2021). Bivariate data analysis along with multiple linear regression was performed on the data. According to the results, it is confirmed that in the post-pandemic period some grades have suffered a significant boost, and it is also possible to detect the social impact of that increase in social variables, i.e. gender significant differences.

Kefir is a fermented probiotic drink obtained by placing kefir granules in a suitable substrate. The kefir granules are a consortium of bacteria and yeasts embedded in a exopolysaccharide matrix. The aim of this research was the isolation and identification of yeasts from kefir of different origin, the evaluation of their antifungal capacity against Aspergillus spp., and the characterization of virulence related traits. Using RFLP of ITS1/ITS4 region, D1/D2 region sequencing, and RAPD techniques, 20 kefir isolates were identified as Geotrichum candidum, Pichia kudriavzevii, Pichia membranifaciens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Candida ethanolica. Their antifungal capacity was evaluated by their conidia germination reduction, which allowed the selection of eight isolates with high to moderate conidia germination reduction against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Furthermore, these selected isolates showed growth inhibition on contact in the dual culture assay for both Aspergillus species and 3 of them-belonging to S. cerevisiae and P. kudriavzevii species-generated volatile organic compounds which significantly affected the growth of both fungi. For the evaluation of virulence-related traits, growth at high temperatures, enzymatic activities, and the adhesion to Caco-2 cells were analyzed. The isolates did not present more than one positive virulence-related trait simultaneously. In particular, it is important to highlight that the adhesion capacity to the model of intestinal barrier was extremely low for all of them. According to the results obtained, further studies would be of interest for the possible use of these promising yeasts as biocontrol agents against fungi in food., This work was supported by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (PIP: 0819), Universidad Nacional de La Plata (11 × 838), Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (PICT 2018 03702) and Programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el desarrollo (CYTED 121RT0110).

Ten informative panels were designed to organize an exhibition of the LAJIAL project results about the recent volcanism of El Hierro Island and the 2021 eruption in La Palma Island. The format was self-rolling panels (roll-ups) 1 m wide by 2 m high, easily transportable, and highly protective. This exhibition was entitled 'Volcanoes in motion: El Hierro and La Palma' and allows us to understand that the volcanic phenomenon is very dynamic and capable of quickly changing the forms of relief, the water network, or the land use. The presentation in all these panels always keeps the same content: an upper strip including the titles of the exhibition, the thematic block, and the panel, as well as its numbering and logos of the promoting entities; a central part with much visual information in the form of maps, figures and photos accompanied by concise and easy-to-read texts; and a lower strip with the credits of the authors and logos of their institutions. The first block of panels, 'A sea of volcanoes', deals with the generation of intraplate volcanic islands, with the example of the Canary Islands (Panel 1: The Canary Islands, that is how it all began) and the geological evolution of the island of El Hierro (Panel 2: And El Hierro was born). The second block, 'Volcanic landscapes of El Hierro', focuses on geological structures on a large scale (Panel 3: Megastructures) and a small scale (Panel 4: Structures on the ground). The third block, 'Explore your volcanic paradise', pays homage to the geological maps and the last eruption on El Hierro island. Panel 5: Walking among volcanoes shows the Gorona del Lajial eruption, a true paradise of volcanic structures but a geological puzzle solved within the framework of the LAJIAL project. Panel 6: 'The last volcano' is dedicated to the eruption of the Tagoro submarine volcano. The fourth block, 'Living among volcanoes', focuses on the islander's adaptation to the volcanic territory through the rational exploitation of groundwater (Panel 7: Water on El Hierro), volcanic materials as construction elements, or the figure of the UNESCO Geopark of El Hierro (Panel 8: What the land tells us), which brings together the geology of the island with its inhabitants, promoting the sustainable development, its agricultural techniques or knowledge of its archaeological remains. The last block of two panels, 'La Palma: the pretty island' is devoted to the geological evolution of La Palma island (Panel 9: And La Palma was born) and the 2021 eruption of Tajogaite volcano (Panel 10: The eruption of 2021) that represent the last volcanic activity in the archipelago., Project LAJIAL, Grant PGC2018-101027-B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/ 501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe", by the "European Union", PhD Grant 2021 FISDU 00347, Departament de Recerca i Universitats, Generalitat de Catalunya, Research Consolidated Group GEOVOL (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria), Research Consolidated Group GEOPAM (Generalitat de Catalunya, 2017 SGR 1494)

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by Leishmania donovani and L. infantum (Kinetoplastida), affects humans and dogs, being fatal unless treated. Miltefosine (MIL) is the only oral medication for VL and is considered a first choice drug when resistance to antimonials is present. Comorbidity and comedication are common in many affected patients but the relationship between microbiome composition, drugs administered and their pharmacology is still unknown. To explore the effect of clindamycin on the intestinal microbiome and the availability and distribution of MIL in target organs, Syrian hamsters (120–140 g) were inoculated with L. infantum (108 promastigotes/animal). Infection was maintained for 16 weeks, and the animals were treated with MIL (7 days, 5 mg/kg/day), clindamycin (1 mg/kg, single dose) + MIL (7 days, 5 mg/kg/day) or kept untreated. Infection was monitored by ELISA and fecal samples (16 wpi, 18 wpi, end point) were analyzed to determine the 16S metagenomic composition (OTUs) of the microbiome. MIL levels were determined by LC-MS/MS in plasma (24 h after the last treatment; end point) and target organs (spleen, liver) (end point). MIL did not significantly affect the composition of intestinal microbiome, but clindamycin provoked a transient albeit significant modification of the relative abundance of 45% of the genera, including Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Ruminococcus 2; Bacteroides and (Eubacterium) ruminantium group, besides its effect on less abundant phyla and families. Intestinal dysbiosis in the antibiotic-treated animals was associated with significantly lower levels of MIL in plasma, though not in target organs at the end of the experiment. No clear relationship between microbiome composition (OTUs) and pharmacological parameters was found.

Este capítulo muestra algunas de las experiencias de alfabetización digital y pedagogías visuales llevadas a cabo desde la Facultad de Comunicación y Documentación de la Universidad de Murcia. Estos proyectos de innovación educativa están vinculados a unos indicadores discursivos como la creatividad colaborativa, el discurso audiovisual cooperativo, la estética del pensamiento colectivo, las herramientas de etnografía digital o los imaginarios digitales y la cultura participativa (Villaplana-Ruiz, 2016). Palabras clave: educomunicación, innovación docente, pedagogías visuales, comunicación participativa, universidad pública, creatividad.

La información geofísica aerotransportada es una herramienta para la interpretación de características geológicas. Las variaciones que se observan en los datos magnéticos y gamma espectrométricos aerotransportados son utilizados, principalmente, como apoyo para diferenciar unidades geológicas, delimitar estructuras y limitar cambios composicionales. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio es dar soporte al mapeo geológico a partir de los datos de geofísica aerotransportada de magnetometría y gamma espectrometría en dos regiones del territorio colombiano: a) serranía de San Lucas-Batolito Antioqueño, y b) oriente colombiano. El procesamiento de los datos gamma espectrométricos consiste en generar imágenes de los canales de K, U y Th, además de una composición ternaria en falso color RGB de estos tres canales, con la finalidad de delimitar dominios geológicos-geofísicos. De otro lado, la información de magnetometría se procesa para resaltar características magnéticas anómalas y proveer información acerca del marco estructural de cada una de las áreas de interés. En la zona comprendida en la serranía de San Lucas-Batolito Antioqueño se delimitaron 27 dominios gamma espectrométricos, interpretados especialmente a partir de las imágenes de composición ternaria; en ellos se observa una buena correlación con la composición de cada una de las unidades litoestratigráficas, lo que permite identificar y delimitar zonas con altas o bajas concentraciones de radioelementos. Además, la correlación de dominios magnéticos con altas y bajas intensidades y texturas magnéticas muestra contrastes entre rocas ígneas, rocas metamórficas y rocas sedimentarias. Por su parte, en la zona oriental, por tener una geología bastante generalizada, la información geofísica, tanto de gamma espectrometría como de magnetometría, sirve de apoyo para depurar y delimitar con mayor exactitud temática las unidades geológicas presentes, así como su marco estructural.

Food consumption of healthier products has become an essential trend in the food sector. This is also the case in beer, a biochemical process of transformation performed by yeast cells. More and more studies proclaim the need to reduce ethanol content in alcoholic drinks, certainly the most important health issue of beer consumption. In this review we gather key health issues related to beer consumption and the last advances regarding the use of yeast to attenuate those health problems. Furthermore, we have included the latest findings about the general positive impact of yeast in health as a consequence of its ability to biotransform polyphenolic compounds present in the wort, producing healthy compounds as hydroxytyrosol or melatonin, and its ability to perform as a probiotic driver. Besides, a group of population with chronic diseases as diabetes or celiac disease could take advantage of low carbohydrate or gluten-free beers, respectively. The role of yeast in beer production has been traditionally associated to its fermentative power. But here we have found a change in this dogma in the last years toward yeasts being a main driver to enhance healthy aspects of beer. The key findings are discussed and possible future directions are proposed., This publication is part of the R + D + i project PID2019-104113RB-I00, financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.

Este artículo analiza el papel de las investigadoras en las ciencias de la comunicación mediante el estudio de su presencia/ausencia en las bibliografías de 108 guías docentes (syllabus) de los grados de periodismo en España durante el curso 2020-2021. El trabajo investiga los roles de la mujer en el campo comunicológico al medir el grado de visibilización de las científicas y sus aportaciones de manera estadística y comparativa a la de los investigadores, cuantificando los patrones de citación de las guías docentes incluidas en función del género de los/as autores/as. Los datos fueron analizados con el software estadístico libre R (versión 4.0.3) y se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial. Los principales resultados en torno a los patrones de citación de la investigación son: 1) una infra-citación de publicaciones de científicas; 2) una sobre-citación de publicaciones de investigadores; y 3) la no existencia de homofilia de género (los investigadores no tienden a citar más personas de su mismo género), puesto que las autoras son poco citadas y esta escasa visibilidad se debe por igual tanto a profesores, como a profesoras. La más referenciada es Elizabeth Noelle-Neumann, una de las pocas “clásicas” presentes, lo que sugiere un efecto Matilda en lo referente al borrado histórico de las aportaciones femeninas. Como conclusión, el artículo aboga por la necesidad de transformar no solamente las prácticas de citación, sino toda una cultura científica que niega a la mujer como fuente de referencia y autoridad desde las primeras etapas de formación universitaria.

This article seeks to provide an overview of some of the Inter-American Human Rights System's contributions to the development of regional legal standards on girls’ and women’s human rights from a positivist perspective. It first addresses the System’s normative and institutional framework on this topic. It then presents key jurisprudential advances in three specific areas: the right to equality and non-discrimination; the right to be free from violence; and sexual and reproductive rights., Cet article vise à donner un aperçu de certaines contributions du système interaméricain des droits de l’homme à l’élaboration de normes juridiques régionales sur les droits des filles et des femmes, dans une perspective positiviste. Il aborde d’abord le cadre normatif et institutionnel du système sur ce sujet. Il présente ensuite les principales avancées jurisprudentielles dans trois domaines spécifiques : le droit à l’égalité et à la non-discrimination, le droit de ne pas subir de la violence et les droits sexuels et reproductifs., Este artículo busca brindar un panorama general sobre algunas de las contribuciones del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos al desarrollo de estándares jurídicos regionales sobre los derechos humanos de las niñas y las mujeres, desde una perspectiva positivista. En primer lugar, aborda el marco normativo e institucional del Sistema sobre este tema. Luego presenta avances jurisprudenciales clave en tres áreas específicas: el derecho a la igualdad y no discriminación; el derecho a estar libre de violencia; y los derechos sexuales y reproductivos.

Background: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) pose a significant threat to the environment and public health. These blooms are defined by an accumulation of microscopic algae in water, and they can occur in lakes, rivers, estuaries, or coastal areas. Factors like the unregulated runoff of agricultural and industrial wastes into the aquatic environment [1] are believed to have transformed these ecosystems into favorable habitats for algae growth and proliferation [2]. As a result, the frequency of these blooms is rising worldwide. Although these blooms are mostly harmless, certain species, namely dinoflagellates from the genus Dinophysis, produce toxins that pose a risk for human health [3]. Therefore, the need for technological developments towards fast and precise detection of these toxin-producing microalgae is critical to prevent socioeconomical damages, as well as to assess the ecological status of marine ecosystems [1]. Objective: In this work, an analytical approach based on an electrochemical genosensor device was developed to create a low-cost platform able to detect two dinoflagellate species from the genus Dinophysis: D.acuminata and D.acuta. Methods: The design of the DNA-based sensor involved three key steps: i) Sensing phase: consisted by a mixed self-assembled monolayer composed by a linear DNA capture probe and mercaptohexanol onto the disposable screen-printed gold electrodes surface; ii) Hybridization of complementary DNA sequence by using a sandwich format assay with enzymatic labels and iii) Electrochemical detection by chronoamperometry using an enzymatic scheme to amplify the electrochemical signal. Results: The best analytical conditions used to study the relationship between electrochemical signal and DNA target concentration, to produce the best electrochemical genosensor device. Molecular biology tools, namely Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), will be used for further validation of the electrochemical genosensor to confirm its reliability. Conclusions: These advancements in analytical technologies contribute to the ongoing efforts in environmental management and public health protection by providing effective means for detecting and mitigating the risks associated with HABs. Further research and widespread implementation of these methods are required to ensure the safety and sustainability of aquatic ecosystems, safeguard public health, and facilitate proactive environmental management practices., Proceedings of Research and Practice in Allied and Environmental Health, Vol. 1 N.º 1 (2023): I Jornadas do CISA: 'Jovens Com a Ciência'

Interpreting the ages of supergene mineralogical phases in laterite is complex because they consist of polycrystalline mixtures of different phases at the microscopic scale that could be crystalized at different epochs. Among the geochronometers, the (U-Th)/He method on hematite and goethite is more often used, but ages can be difficult to interpret due to phases mixing. To resolve this issue, this study proposes a methodology for performing detailed mineralogical analysis of hematite and goethite single grains prior to their dating using the (U-Th)/He method. Strictly non-destructive mineralogy of single grains is not achievable by classical tools, such as conventional powder XRD (X-ray diffraction; requiring at least some milligrams of powder) or SEM (scanning electron microscopy; that can contaminate the grain by coating or fixing). Therefore, we performed X-ray diffraction patterns of single grains using high-flux X-ray beams from both a rotating anode (XRD_rotat) laboratory diffractometer and a synchrotron beamline (XRD_synch) and compared the results in order to design a method based on XRD_rotat only. For this purpose, two samples from the pisolitic facies of a Brazilian ferruginous duricrust (Alto Paranaíba region, Minas Gerais State, Brazil) were chosen because they presented a usual heterogeneity. Rietveld refinements of the XRD patterns obtained from both XRD_rotat and XRD_synch yielded similar results for the weight percentage ratio of the main phases and mean coherent domain sizes and less similar results for Al substitution rates, thus validating the XRD_rotat approach. No beam damage was observed when increasing X-ray exposure time, neither on XRD patterns nor on (U-Th)/He ages. Hence, sub-millimeter, undisturbed grains can be used to analyze the mineralogy of ferruginous duricrusts by XRD_rotat with a short exposure, and the same grains can subsequently be dated by (U-Th)/He geochronology analysis. The (U-Th)/He dating of pisolitic core and cortex grains also provided meaningful ages: they revealed two evolution phases of the ferruginous duricrust, which occurred at or before the Oligocene for the pisolitic core and middle Miocene for the pisolitic cortex, agreeing with the previous model for the development of pisolites. The mineralogy of single grains selected for dating is helpful for discussing the crystallization ages, and the high-flux XRD approach may be applied to other supergene mineral parageneses used for absolute dating.

Peptide amphiphiles (PAs) have emerged as effective molecular building blocks for creating self-assembling nanobiomaterials for multiple biomedical applications. Herein, we report a straightforward approach to assemble soft bioinstructive platforms to recreate the native neural extracellular matrix (ECM) aiming for neuronal regeneration based on the electrostatic-driven supramolecular presentation of laminin-derived IKVAV-containing self-assembling PA (IKVAV-PA) on biocompatible multilayered nanoassemblies. Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques show that the co-assembly of positively charged low-molecular-weight IKVAV-PA with oppositely charged high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HA) triggers the formation of ordered β-sheet structures denoting a one-dimensional nanofibrous network. The successful functionalization of poly(L-lysine)/HA layer-by-layer nanofilms with an outer positively charged layer of self-assembling IKVAV-PA is demonstrated by the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and the nanofibrous morphological properties revealed by atomic force microscopy. The bioactive ECM-mimetic supramolecular nanofilms promote the enhancement of primary neuronal cells' adhesion, viability, and morphology when compared to the PA without the IKVAV sequence and PA-free biopolymeric multilayered nanofilms, and stimulate neurite outgrowth. The nanofilms hold great promise as bioinstructive platforms for enabling the assembly of customized and robust multicomponent supramolecular biomaterials for neural tissue regeneration. published

Secularism and the public management of religious diversity have gone hand in hand in public and academic debates in recent decades. Meanwhile, many of the elements related to secularism and the presence of religions in western societies have been conditioned by the migratory phenomenon. At the same time, Spain has been exposed to a relevant qualitative change in its socio-religious composition, evolving from a mainly Catholic society to a less religious and more diverse one, equating to other European societies. Many controversial issues have arisen in recent decades, such as the role of religion in the public life, the relations between religion and the state and the emergence of a more plural society, having a special role the migratory phenomenon. This contribution approaches these issues through analysis of the linkage between migration and religious diversity studies within a secular framework. The paper aims to analyze this reality, focusing on the main research trends in PhD studies in the past 20 years. The article reveals a growing interest in doctoral research from a multidisciplinary perspective in the field of religion and international migration, the contexts in which this research has been carried out, as well as its main themes and methods of approach. The intent is to study the religious phenomenon linked to immigration, because this reflects, at least to a certain extent, the concern for understanding the presence of religion in an increasingly secular society, such as in Spain.

Resumo A Psicologia é reconhecida como área técnico-científica autónoma, baseada na evidência, particularmente implicada na promoção da saúde global, prevenção e tratamento da perturbação psicológica, visando o incremento de ganhos em saúde. A sua integração nos diferentes níveis de cuidados tem sido progressiva, atendendo a padrões de qualidade, eficácia, equidade, a garantia da segurança dos cidadãos e o respeito pelos direitos humanos. Os hospitais constituem um dos mais importantes contextos de saúde onde a psicologia clínica e da saúde se expandiu enquanto profissão particular. Neste artigo é revisitado o percurso histórico de integração da Psicologia nos cuidados hospitalares, a sua construção identitária e a especificidade das suas ações integrativas em vários domínios clínicos, subsidiando uma articulação estreita com especialidades médicas e não médicas e diversos campos do conhecimento científico. São discutidos alguns dos principais desafios futuros desta área do saber, numa perspetiva de maximização dos fatores protetores da saúde mental e mitigação de vulnerabilidades em grupos específicos.

Bayesian inference remains one of the most important tool-kits for any scientist, but increasingly expensive likelihood functions are required for ever-more complex experiments, raising the cost of generating a Monte Carlo sample of the posterior. Recent attention has been directed towards the use of emulators of the posterior based on Gaussian Process (GP) regression combined with active sampling to achieve comparable precision with far fewer costly likelihood evaluations. Key to this approach is the batched acquisition of proposals, so that the true posterior can be evaluated in parallel. This is usually achieved via sequential maximization of the highly multimodal acquisition function. Unfortunately, this approach parallelizes poorly and is prone to getting stuck in local maxima. Our approach addresses this issue by generating nearly-optimal batches of candidates using an almost-embarrassingly parallel Nested Sampler on the mean prediction of the GP. The resulting nearly-sorted Monte Carlo sample is used to generate a batch of candidates ranked according to their sequentially conditioned acquisition function values at little cost. The final sample can also be used for inferring marginal quantities. Our proposed implementation (NORA) demonstrates comparable accuracy to sequential conditioned acquisition optimization and efficient parallelization in various synthetic and cosmological inference problems., 21 pages, 10 figures

Se propone el diseño arquitectónico de una casa de la cultura, para el municipio de Abrego, Norte de Santander; debido a que actualmente la casa de la cultura presenta varias deficiencias, principalmente la decadente estructura, la cual se puede evidenciar en la cubierta y algunos muros, y la ausencia de espacios funcionales para las actividades que allí se realizan, especialmente para los programas de danza, música y artes plásticas, los cuales requieren de unas condiciones particulares para su correcta ejecución, como pueden ser el aislamiento acústico, buena iluminación, entre otros. La causa de estas falencias es que no fue diseñada como una casa de la cultura sino como una vivienda, la cual fue forzada a cumplir necesidades para las cuales no está capacitada. Por lo que es de vital importancia realizar un proyecto de diseño, con el fin de generar una nueva casa de la cultura que disponga de espacios aptos para albergar actividades culturales como danzas, música, y pintura. Para así permitir que este equipamiento se convierta en un espacio de integración social, en el cual toda la comunidad pueda tener fácil acceso para la formación, capacitación y la práctica de las diferentes expresiones culturales. De igual forma se busca que la nueva edificación posea un carácter propio que refleje y simbolice directamente el contexto histórico y cultural de la región, mediante el uso de conceptos que sean característicos y representativos. The architectural design of a Cultural House is proposed for the municipality of Abrego, Norte de Santander. Currently, the existing Cultural House presents several deficiencies, mainly in the deteriorating structure, which can be seen in the roof and some walls, and the absence of functional spaces for the activities that take place there, especially for dance, music, and visual arts programs, which require particular conditions for their proper execution, such as sound insulation, good lighting, among others. The cause of these shortcomings is that it was not designed as a Cultural House but as a dwelling, which was forced to meet needs for which it is not equipped. Therefore, it is vital to carry out a design project in order to generate a new Cultural House that has suitable spaces to host cultural activities such as dance, music, and painting, and to allow this facility to become a space for social integration, where the entire community can have easy access for training and practicing different cultural expressions. Similarly, it is sought that the new building has its own character that reflects and symbolizes directly the historical and cultural context of the region, using concepts that are characteristic and representative. Arquitecto http://www.ustabuca.edu.co/ustabmanga/presentacion Pregrado

Cities can host significant biological diversity. Yet, urbanisation leads to the loss of habitats and, potentially, to local extinctions. Understanding how multiple taxa respond to urbanisation globally is essential to promote and conserve biodiversity in cities and surrounding landscapes. Using a dataset with site-level occurrence and trait data of 5302 species from six terrestrial fauna taxonomic groups across 379 cities on 6 continents, we show that urbanisation produces taxon-specific changes in trait composition, with traits related to reproductive strategy consistently showing the strongest response. The effect of urbanisation on community trait composition is strongest at the largest spatial scale considered, and more closely linked to landscape composition (% urban) than arrangement (aggregation), although latitude and climatic variables remain a stronger influence. This study did not find evidence in support of a global urban taxa syndrome, but instead we suggest that there are four general urban trait syndromes, with resources associated with reproduction and diet likely to be driving patterns in traits associated with mobility and body size. Functional diversity measures showed a wide range of responses, leading to a shift in trait space that is most likely driven by the distribution and abundance of critical resources, and the urban trait syndrome displayed by individual species within a community. Further research is required to understand the interactions between the four general urban trait syndromes, resource distribution and abundance and changes in functional diversity of taxa at different spatial and temporal scales. Maximising opportunities to support species within taxa groups with different urban trait syndromes should be pivotal in conservation and management programmes within and among cities. This will reduce the likelihood of biotic homogenisation at the taxa level, and helps ensure that urban environments have the ecological capacity to respond to challenges such as climate change, further habitat fragmentation and loss, and other disruptions. These actions are critical if we are to reframe the role of cities in global biodiversity loss.

European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: 740113; Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía, Grant/Award Number: P20_00572; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España, Grant/Award Number: PID2020‐119569GA‐I00; Universidad de Granada/CBUA, Scholars have highlighted drastic reductions in daily mobility during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. But what happened when restrictions were relaxed though risk remained ubiquitous? How did patterns of mobility change and how were they structured by socioeconomic resources and social roles? We address these questions using a cross-sectional representative sample (n = 2942) of the population of Andalusia, Spain, after a month and a half of severe lockdown in 2020. We find that older people were the least mobile group and that people living with children and in extended households were less likely to move to take care of others, unlike before the pandemic. Men were more likely to carry out daily mobilities for which women had been traditionally responsible, such as care mobilities. Women were also more likely to be immobile and less likely to commute. Finally, manual and nonqualified workers were more likely to commute, but they were just as likely as any other group to carry out other types of mobility. These results highlight the social character of mobility in a unique context. We emphasize the need to disaggregate daily mobility based on different purposes as well analysing how these are practised by different sociodemographic groups if we want to provide rigorous descriptions of a core component of individuals' daily life., European Research Council (ERC) European Commission 740113, Junta de Andalucia P20_00572, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain (MICINN) Spanish Government PID2020-119569GA-I00, Universidad de Granada/CBUA

La economía de Menorca depende del turismo y la construcción. Considerada “Reserva de la Biosfera”, sus principales atractivos están vinculados al sol y la playa. Consecuentemente, su política turística apuesta de forma decidida por la promoción y la atracción de visitantes. La capital de la isla, Maó, cuenta con una planificación estratégica que, sin embargo, deja de lado importantes recursos que podrían ponerse al servicio del turismo. Este es el caso de les Festes de Gràcia, las cuales han quedado fuera de su posible inclusión dentro del abanico de elementos a disposición del turismo experiencial. En el presente artículo se exploran las causas de esta exclusión a través de un trabajo etnográfico prolongado sobre el terreno y centrado en esta particular fiesta del archipiélago balear.

Fuerteventura and Lanzarote (Eastern Canary Islands), form the oldest emerged part of the archipelago. Geologically, they can be considered a single edifice, constituting a continuous volcanic ridge extending 250 km from SW to NE. This work completes the dating and the determination of the magnetic stratigraphy of the shields and the rejuvenated volcanism of Fuerteventura and Lanzarote, refining the volcanic stratigraphy and cartography. The new unspiked K-Ar ages and magnetostratigraphy of Fuerteventura and Lanzarote indicate that these islands developed patterns similar to those of the Central and Western Canary Islands, building adjacent and successively superimposed basaltic shield volcanoes during the Miocene, between 20.19 ± 0.30 and 6.30 ± 0.11 Ma. The overlay of post-Miocene rejuvenated volcanism hinders the extent and interrelationship of the shields. These materials constitute only a small fraction by volume but cover a large part of the islands. Despite this, it is confirmed that the disposition of the shields is opposite to the insular progression induced by the hot spot, suggesting the presence of some SW-NE propagation volcanic front or fracture to explain its direction of development. Supplementary material: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6641464

Magma production, storage, and migration beneath volcanic ocean islands has been a matter of controversy and a multitude of methods are currently used to unravel magma evolution, storage and migration processes. Here we report on a temporal sequence of lava samples1, 2 spanning the entirety of the 2021 La Palma eruption (19/09 to 13/12) for which time-series seismic information is also available. Based on the seismic data, initial tephrite lavas were likely drawn from a storage level at or just above the Moho (10-15 km depth), with increasing contributions from a deeper reservoir (>20 km depth) that delivered more primitive basanite lava as the eruption progressed. Early tephrite lava compositions changed rapidly during the first few weeks of the eruption and show significant oxygen isotopic variability (δ18O = +4.9 to 5.8‰), with some samples requiring a low-δ18O component. Later basanite lavas are compositionally less variable after day 20 of the eruption and show a narrower range in oxygen isotopes (δ18O = +5.3 to 5.7‰), close to Atlantic MORB values and similar to values from other historical eruptions and to earlier values recorded from the Cumbre Vieja volcanic system. The larger variability in δ18O in the early lavas is associated with significantly more radiogenic 187Os/188Os and the presence of amphibole and frequent gabbroic micro-xenoliths. Interaction with high-T altered Jurassic oceanic crustal gabbros and basalts with high-time-integrated Re/Os and variable δ18O could be an explanation for the initially wider variations in oxygen isotopes. This is in line with the seismic evidence that indicates the early lavas had been stored at (sub-)Moho levels within the Jurassic oceanic crust at ca. 8-15 km below the island prior to eruption. Later erupted magmas derive from a deeper, upper mantle storage level (>20 km depth) and have had little to no interaction with the igneous and sedimentary portions of the Mesozoic ocean crust, thus providing a useful estimate of primitive mantle δ18O values for the Western Canary Islands. 1Carracedo J.C., Troll V.R., Day J.M.D., Geiger H., Aulinas Junca, M., Soler V., Deegan F.M., Perez-Torrado F.J., Gisbert G., Gazel E., Rodríguez-González, A., and Albert H. (2022) The 2021 eruption of the Cumbre Vieja Volcanic Ridge on La Palma, Canary Islands. Geology Today 38: 94-107. 2Day J.M.D., Troll V.R., Aulinas M., Deegan F.M., Geiger H., Carracedo J.C., Pinto G.G., and Perez-Torrado F.J. (2022) Mantle source characteristics and magmatic processes during the 2021 La Palma eruption. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 597: 117793.

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is an evolutionary mechanism of adaptive importance, which has been deeply studied in wine S. cerevisiae strains, where those acquired genes conferred improved traits related to both transport and metabolism of the nutrients present in the grape must. However, little is known about HGT events that occurred in wild Saccharomyces yeasts and how they determine their phenotypes., This study has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement number 764364, Aromagenesis, from the Spanish government and EU ERDF-FEDER projects RTI2018-093744-B-C31 and RTI2018-093744-B-C32 to AQ and EB, respectively, and from the Center of Excellence Accreditation “Severo Ochoa” program of the Spanish government, ref. CEX2021-001189-S/MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033., With funding from the Spanish government through the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX 2021-001189-S)

Para dar sequência ao trabalho iniciado em 2018, com a publicação da obra Libros Relege, Volve Lege o Livro Antigo na Biblioteca do Exército, e na perspetiva de alargar a investigação e propiciar novas fontes de informação, a Biblioteca do Exército considerou ser pertinente conhecer os inventários manuscritos dos fundos documentais do Ministério da Guerra, do Estado-Maior do Exército e da Direção da Arma de Artilharia, disponibilizando-os digitalmente. São 47 catálogos e oito pastas, de uso exclusivamente interno, que abrangem o período entre 1849 e 1999. O estudo geral destes catálogos facilita a compreensão e a caracterização de mecanismos de aquisição, preservação e circulação, respondendo às questões de onde vêm os livros, como e quando foram adquiridos, quanto custaram, quem os encomendou, quais foram os seus fornecedores e os seus doadores particulares e institucionais, ou ainda a raridade das obras. Em particular, estudamos a constituição da Biblioteca do Conselheiro Aires de Ornelas, presente num destes fundos, e analisamos os seus interesses e gostos literários, tornando-a acessível ao público, com títulos suscetíveis de despertar interesse de investigadores, eruditos ou curiosos, disponibilizando-a no catálogo em linha., Actas do Congresso Nacional de Bibliotecários, Arquivistas e Documentalistas, N.º 14 (2023): Comunidades e Profissionais para o Futuro: Agir Hoje

Objective Analyze the results of the self-adhesive polyester mesh placement in the prevention of the postoperative evisceration and incisional hernia after median abdominal incision during an emergency digestive surgery. Material and methods A prospective observational study was done in those patients who underwent a midline abdominal incision and a self-adhesive polyester mesh was placed in onlay position, for an emergency digestive surgery between December 2020 and December 2022. Analysis was done by means of demographics, body mass index (BMI), blood tests, ASA, P-Possum score, etiology, surgical contamination, abdominal incision closure, postoperative records (≥ 90 days) categorized with Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification and 1 year of follow-up. Results Sixty patients were included, mean age 62.86, (57.6% men), 52% were ASA III, BMI>30 12%. Most frequent etiologies were complicated small bowel obstruction (17) and complicated acute sigmoid diverticulitis (12). Postoperative records showed a 26,6% of morbidity, 93.7% were D I- II (minor) and 6.3% CD IIIb. Neither wound evisceration nor incisional hernia was observed during the follow-up. A significative relationship (p Conclusions In this series, a preventive self-adhesive polyester mesh placement after abdominal midline incision during emergency digestive surgery, showed an acceptable rate of postoperative complications with a low rate of local morbidity and a good results during the follow-up

Background: The health risks associated with moderate alcohol consumption continue to be debated. Small amounts of alcohol might lower the risk of some health outcomes but increase the risk of others, suggesting that the overall risk depends, in part, on background disease rates, which vary by region, age, sex, and year. Methods: For this analysis, we constructed burden-weighted dose-response relative risk curves across 22 health outcomes to estimate the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL) and non-drinker equivalence (NDE), the consumption level at which the health risk is equivalent to that of a non-drinker, using disease rates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020 for 21 regions, including 204 countries and territories, by 5-year age group, sex, and year for individuals aged 15-95 years and older from 1990 to 2020. Based on the NDE, we quantified the population consuming harmful amounts of alcohol. Findings: The burden-weighted relative risk curves for alcohol use varied by region and age. Among individuals aged 15-39 years in 2020, the TMREL varied between 0 (95% uncertainty interval 0-0) and 0·603 (0·400-1·00) standard drinks per day, and the NDE varied between 0·002 (0-0) and 1·75 (0·698-4·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals aged 40 years and older, the burden-weighted relative risk curve was J-shaped for all regions, with a 2020 TMREL that ranged from 0·114 (0-0·403) to 1·87 (0·500-3·30) standard drinks per day and an NDE that ranged between 0·193 (0-0·900) and 6·94 (3·40-8·30) standard drinks per day. Among individuals consuming harmful amounts of alcohol in 2020, 59·1% (54·3-65·4) were aged 15-39 years and 76·9% (73·0-81·3) were male. Interpretation: There is strong evidence to support recommendations on alcohol consumption varying by age and location. Stronger interventions, particularly those tailored towards younger individuals, are needed to reduce the substantial global health loss attributable to alcohol. Research reported in this publication was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. S Afzal acknowledges the support for intellectual contributions to this manuscript by the Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology at King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. T Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. L Belo acknowledges support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. D Bennett is supported by the UK Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford (Oxford, UK). M Carvalho acknowledges support from FCT in the scope of the project UIDP/04378/2020 and UIDB/04378/2020 of UCIBIO and the project LA/P/0140/2020 of i4HB. L Castro-de-Araujo was funded by the Medical Research Council (UK), Grant no. MR/T03355X/1 and by the National Institute of Mental Health Grant no. R01MH128911. FJ Elgar is supported by the Canada Research Chairs program. F Greaves acknowledges support from the NIHR Applied Research Collaboration for NW London. V K Gupta acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. VB Gupta acknowledges funding support from the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), Australia. C Herteliu is partially supported by a grant from the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. C Herteliu is partially supported by a grant from the Romanian Ministry of Research Innovation and Digitalization, MCID, project number ID-585-CTR-42-PFE-2021. S Hussain was supported by the Operational Programme Research, Development and Education –Project, Postdoc2MUNI “(No. CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_053/0016952). S M S Islam is funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council and received funding from the National Heart Foundation of Australia. The Serbian part of this GBD-related contribution has been co-financed through Grant OI 175 014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. M Kivimaki was supported by the Wellcome Trust (221854/Z/20/Z), the UK Medical Research Council (MR/S011676/1), the US National Institute on Aging (R01AG056477), and the Academy of Finland (350426). K Krishan is supported by the UGC Centre of Advanced Study (Phase II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. B Lacey acknowledges support from the UK Biobank, funded largely by the UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome. S Lorkowski acknowledges institutional support from the Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD) Halle-Jena-Leipzig (Germany; German Federal Ministry of Education and Research; grant agreement number 01EA1808A). G Lucchetti received a productivity scholarship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development — CNPq (Level 1D). J McGrath was supported by the Danish National Research Foundation (Niels Bohr Professor). J McGrath is employed by the Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research (Australia), which receives support from the Queensland Health Department. C Parry acknowleges the South African Medical Research Council. A Peden is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership Fellowship (Grant ID: APP2009306). M R Phillips was supported in part by the Global Alliance for Chronic Diseases - National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC. No. 81761128031). M Pinheiro acknowledges FCT for funding through program DL 57/2016 – Norma transitória. A Rahman acknowledges the support from the Data Science Research Unit in Charles Sturt University (Bathurst, NSW, Australia). U Saeed would like to acknowledge the International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan. A M Samy acknowledges support from Ain Shams University (Cairo, Egypt) and the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. N Senthil Kumar acknowledges the DBT, New Delhi sponsored Advanced State Level Biotech Hub (BT/NER/143/SP44475/2021), Mizoram University (Aizawl, Mizoram, India) for facilitating this work. F Sha is supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant No. KQTD20190929172835662). A Shetty acknowledges Kasturba Medical College (Mangalore, India) and Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Manipal, India) for all the academic support. R Shrestha acknowledges a career development award from the National Institutes of Health (K01DA051346). D Silva was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brazil (CAPES)-Finance Code 001 and is supported in part by CNPq - Brazil (309589/2021-5). D Sleet acknowledges partial support from Veritas Management Group, Inc and The Bizzell Group, LLC. S Trias-Llimós acknowledges research funding from the Juan de la Cierva-Formación program of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (FJC-2019-039314-I). Sí

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM, Background: Mental health is a public health issue for European young people, with great heterogeneity in resource allocation. Representative population-based studies are needed. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 provides internationally comparable information on trends in the health status of populations and changes in the leading causes of disease burden over time. Methods: Prevalence, incidence, Years Lived with Disability (YLDs) and Years of Life Lost (YLLs) from mental disorders (MDs), substance use disorders (SUDs) and self-harm were estimated for young people aged 10-24 years in 31 European countries. Rates per 100,000 population, percentage changes in 1990-2019, 95% Uncertainty Intervals (UIs), and correlations with Sociodemographic Index (SDI), were estimated. Findings: In 2019, rates per 100,000 population were 16,983 (95% UI 12,823 – 21,630) for MDs, 3,891 (3,020 - 4,905) for SUDs, and 89·1 (63·8 - 123·1) for self-harm. In terms of disability, anxiety contributed to 647·3 (432–912·3) YLDs, while in terms of premature death, self-harm contributed to 319·6 (248·9–412·8) YLLs, per 100,000 population. Over the 30 years studied, YLDs increased in eating disorders (14·9%;9·4-20·1) and drug use disorders (16·9%;8·9-26·3), and decreased in idiopathic developmental intellectual disability (–29·1%;23·8-38·5). YLLs decreased in self-harm (–27·9%;38·3-18·7). Variations were found by sex, age-group and country. The burden of SUDs and self-harm was higher in countries with lower SDI, MDs were associated with SUDs. Interpretation: Mental health conditions represent an important burden among young people living in Europe. National policies should strengthen mental health, with a specific focus on young people. Funding: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Marine and subaerial erosion of volcanic ocean islands form coastal cliffs and shore platforms, particularly during stable sea levels. Posterosional lava flows can spill over these coastal cliffs and fill the platforms, leading to the progradation of lava deltas. El Hierro Island, Canary Islands, exemplifies a rocky coast with an active sea-cliff profile, reflecting its early evolutionary stage as a young ocean volcanic island with no fringing reef. The occurrence of a contemporary insular shelf formed during the Holocene sea-level highstand (, This work was supported by grant PGC2018-101027-B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by "ERDF A way of making Europe", by the "European Union". CPT acknowledges the PhD grant 2021 FISDU 00347 funded by the Departament de Recerca i Universitats de la Generalitat de Catalunya.

Background Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe form of all leishmanial infections and is caused by infection with protozoa of Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum. This parasitic disease occurs in over 80 countries and its geographic distribution is on the rise. Although the interaction between the intestinal microbiome and the immune response has been established in several pathologies, it has not been widely studied in leishmaniasis. The Syrian hamster is the most advanced laboratory model for developing vaccines and new drugs against VL. In the study reported here, we explored the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and infection with L. infantum in this surrogate host. Methods Male Syrian hamsters (120–140 g) were inoculated with 108 promastigotes of a canine-derived L. infantum strain or left as uninfected control animals. Infection was maintained for 19 weeks (endpoint) and monitored by an immunoglobulin G (IgG) enyzme-linked immunosorbent assay throughout the experiment. Individual faecal samples, obtained at weeks 16, 18 and 19 post-inoculation, were analysed to determine the 16S metagenomic composition (the operational taxonomic units [OTUs] of the intestinal microbiome and the comparison between groups were FDR (false discovery rate)-adjusted). Results Leishmania infantum infection elicited moderate clinical signs and lesions and a steady increase in specific anti-Leishmania serum IgG. The predominant phyla (Firmicutes + Bacteriodetes: > 90%), families (Muribaculaceae + Lachnospiraceae + Ruminococcaceae: 70–80%) and genera found in the uninfected hamsters showed no significant variations throughout the experiment. Leishmania infantum infection provoked a slightly higher—albeit non-significant—value for the Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio but no notable differences were found in the relative abundance or diversity of phyla and families. The microbiome of the infected hamsters was enriched in CAG-352, whereas Lachnospiraceae UCG-004, the [Eubacterium] ventriosum group and Allobaculum were less abundant. Conclusions The lack of extensive significant differences between hamsters infected and uninfected with L. infantum in the higher taxa (phyla, families) and the scarce variation found, which was restricted to genera with a low relative abundance, suggest that there is no clear VL infection-intestinal microbiome axis in hamsters. Further studies are needed (chronic infections, co-abundance analyses, intestinal sampling, functional analysis) to confirm these findings and to determine more precisely the possible relationship between microbiome composition and VL infection. Graphical Abstract

Objetivo. El presente artículo busca realizar un análisis crítico desde las neurociencias, sobre el abordaje clínico del consumo de sustancias psicoactivas (SPA) en Latinoamérica. Metodología. A través de una revisión narrativa de la literatura, recurso que facilita la descripción y discusión relacionada a una determinada temática, que da lugar a la interpretación y análisis crítico del autor. Resultados. Se obtuvieron 54 artículos de los cuales se identificaron cuatro líneas temáticas contemplando líneas temáticas: (1) contexto latinoamericano en salud y manejo del consumo de SPA, (2) el consumo de SPA desde las neurociencias, (3) alteraciones asociadas al consumo de SPA y (4) las neurociencias como una herramienta útil para el abordaje del consumo de SPA. Conclusión. A partir del análisis crítico de la literatura revisada, se resalta el amplio potencial las neurociencias para enriquecer la discusión interdisciplinaria sobre el fenómeno del consumo de SPA en Latinoamérica, en los campos de la investigación, la intervención y de las políticas públicas sobre el tema.

La metodología del marco lógico es una herramienta ampliamente utilizada en los ámbitos nacional e internacional para desarrollar la planificación, el seguimiento y la evaluación de proyectos y programas. El objetivo de esta investigación se centra en la consulta y presentación de conceptos, origen, metodología, variaciones y aplicabilidad de la técnica; para lo cual fue necesario realizar una revisión bibliográfica, interpretación y análisis de textos con el método de análisis de contenido. A partir del ejercicio efectuado, se logró concluir la factibilidad de la metodología, las ventajas en comparación con otros métodos menos estructurados y la pertinencia del formato, ya que esto posibilita el establecimiento de objetivos, la determinación de los medios para lograr las metas planeadas, la definición de los mecanismos de verificación y la identificación de los riesgos que se pueden presentar en la ejecución del proyecto. Códigos JEL: O22 Recibido: 25/10/2021. Aceptado: 22/02/2022. Publicado: 01/06/2022.

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que analiza el desarrollo y situación actual del sector no-universitario de educación superior en algunos países europeos; inicialmente, se analiza lo ocurrido en el momento de su aparición, finales de los años sesenta y comienzo de los setenta; luego se presenta las características de su desarrollo, y para finalizar, los efectos que ha tenido y podría tener el proceso de Bolonia en las transformaciones del sector no-universitario de educación superior europeo. This article presents results of research analyzing the development, current situation and perspectives of the non-university higher education sector in certain European countries. This article will first analyze the situation occurred by the time of its creation, in the late 1960s and early 1970s; then, it will present the characteristics of its development and the effects the Bologna Process has had and may have in the future developments of the European non-university sector of higher education.

RESUMEN Objetivo Identificar la prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en el recurso humano de la Secretaría de Educación Departamental (SED) de Norte de Santander (Colombia) durante el año 2020. Métodos Se aplicó el cuestionario Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) a una muestra de 366 trabajadores. Resultados Este estudio muestra que los funcionarios son personas que actualmente no presentan el síndrome, pero se obtuvo una puntuación del 6% en referencia a la tendencia media y el 4% pertenecen a la tendencia alta. Se evidencia una futura aparición de síntomas asociados a estrés, agotamiento emocional, irritabilidad, frustración y depresión. Del 4% (13 personas) que dio tendencia alta al síndrome de burnout, el 54% corresponden al género femenino y 46%, al masculino, y en cuanto al cargo, 12 personas son docentes y 1 persona es directivo. Conclusiones La SED manifiesta un desconocimiento del síndrome y una diferencia con respecto al concepto del estrés. ABSTRACT Objective Identify the prevalence of the burnout syndrome in the human resource of the Departmental Education Secretariat (SED, by its initials in Spanish) of Norte de Santander (Colombia) during 2020. Methods The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) questionnaire was applied to a sample of 366 workers. Results This study shows that officials are people who do not currently have the syndrome, but a score of 6% is presented in reference to the average trend and 4% belong to the high trend. A future appearance of symptoms associated with stress, emotional exhaustion, irritability, frustration, and depression was evidenced. Out of the 4% (13 people) who gave a high tendency to burnout syndrome, 54% correspond to the female gender and 46% to the male, and in terms of position, 12 people are teachers and 1 person is a manager. Conclusions The SED manifests a lack of knowledge of the syndrome and a difference with respect to the concept of stress.

We use the latest constraints on the population of stellar origin binary black holes (SOBBH) from LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA (LVK) observations, to estimate the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) they generate in the frequency band of LISA. We account for the faint and distant binaries, which contribute the most to the SGWB, by extending the merger rate at high redshift assuming it tracks the star formation rate. We adopt different methods to compute the SGWB signal: an analytical evaluation, Monte Carlo sums over SOBBH population realisations, and a method that accounts for the role of the detector by simulating LISA data and iteratively removing resolvable signals until only the confusion noise is left, allowing for the extraction of both the expected SGWB and the number of resolvable SOBBHs. Since the latter are few for SNR thresholds larger than five, we confirm that the spectral shape of the SGWB in the LISA band follows the analytical prediction of a power law. We infer the probability distribution of the SGWB amplitude from the LVK GWTC-3 posterior of the binary population model; its interquartile range of $h^2\Omega_\mathrm{GW}(f=3\times10^{-3}\,\mathrm{Hz}) \in [5.65,\,11.5]\times10^{-13}$ is in agreement with most previous estimates. We perform a MC analysis to assess LISA's capability to detect and characterise this signal. Accounting for both the instrumental noise and the galactic binaries foreground, with four years of data, LISA will be able to detect the SOBBH SGWB with percent accuracy, narrowing down the uncertainty on the amplitude by one order of magnitude with respect to the range of possible amplitudes inferred from the population model. A measurement of this signal by LISA will help to break the degeneracy among some of the population parameters, and provide interesting constraints, in particular on the redshift evolution of the SOBBH merger rate., Comment: 39 pages, 15 figures. Prepared for submission to JCAP

28 cm. Dada la “descentralización” progresiva que ha tenido el presupuesto público desde principios del siglo XIX, se han venido creando diferentes problemas entorno a la planeación del presupuesto público. (Bohórquez, 2005) En Colombia, al igual que en muchos de los países democráticos existen subdivisiones en el marco del territorio nacional. Para Colombia específicamente estos se denominan como: Departamentos, municipios, barrios y veredas. Los municipios por su parte, están a su vez divididos en 7 categorías: especial, primera, segunda, tercera, cuarta, quinta y sexta. (Gutiérrez, 2017) Dicho lo anterior y resaltando que esta revisión bibliográfica está enfocada a las pequeñas administraciones de quinta y sexta de categoría. Se ha encontrado en estudios como el de Zuluaga (2007) que la planeación del presupuesto público de estas alcaldías se encuentra limitado por variables como: dependencia fiscal, política, mala planeación y falta de articulación del sector público y privado. Lo que finalmente, lleva a la ejecución presupuestal es el desarrollar todas las etapas, alinear sus objetivos con los de sus ciudadanos en vista de que sus planes están orientados a procesos únicamente estimulados con la entrega de resultados y segundo, sus estimaciones de costos no son robustas y no siempre encuentran las mejores opciones en términos de costo-beneficio (Johnson, 2018) Consideraciones generales.-- Pregunta de investigación.-- Objetivo de investigación.-- Justificación.-- Marco referencial.-- Metodología.-- Resultados.-- Conclusiones.-- Recomendaciones.-- Bibliografía. Especialización Especialista en Gerencia Financiera Especialización en Gerencia Financiera

Sporotrichosis is the most prevalent subcutaneous mycosis worldwide and has recently become a public health concern. Although immunocompetent hosts are also prone to sporotrichosis, immunodeficient hosts often develop a more severe and disseminated form of disease.

A pesquisa teve como principal objetivo apresentar os tipos polínicos, esporos de briófitas, licófitas, samambaias, algas,insertae sedise dinoflagelados fossilizados que foram identificados em quatro testemunhos de turfeiras da Serra do Espinhaço Meridional (SdEM), dos municípios de Diamantina e São Gonçalo do Rio Preto, Estado de Minas Gerais, com a idade mais antiga de ~35k cal anos AP, para servirem de base no reconhecimento da composição da paleovegetação em área de Cerrado e auxiliarem na interpretação da dinâmica vegetacional ao longo do tempo. Foram apresentadas imagens dos microfósseis, e fornecidas informações com base em levantamento bibliográfico sobre os hábitos (forma de vida) das plantas, fitofisionomias de ocorrência e preferências ambientais dos possíveis táxons correspondentes da atualidade, para, desta forma, contribuir com os estudos paleoecológicos.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common type of cancer characterized by fast progression and high mortality rates, which generally implies a poor prognosis at time of diagnosis. Intricate interaction networks of cytokines produced by resident and inflammatory cells in the tumor microenvironment play crucial roles in ESCC development and metastasis, thus influencing therapy efficiency. As such, cytokines are the most prominent targets for specific therapies and prognostic parameters to predict tumor progression and aggressiveness. In this work, we examined the association between ESCC progression and the systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines to determine their usefulness as diagnostic biomarkers. We analyzed the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α e IL-12p70 in a group of 70 ESCC patients and 70 healthy individuals using Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) technology. We detected increased levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in ESCC patients compared to controls. However, multivariate analysis revealed that only IL8 was an independent prognostic factor for ESCC, as were the well-known risk factors: alcohol consumption, tobacco usage, and exposure to pesticides/insecticides. Importantly, patients with low IL-6, IL-8, TNM I/II, or those who underwent surgery had a significantly higher overall survival rate. We also studied cultured Kyse-30 and Kyse-410 cells in mice. We determined that the ESCC cell line Kyse-30 grew more aggressively than the Kyse-410 cell line. This enhanced growth was associated with the recruitment/accumulation of intratumoral polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In conclusion, our data suggest IL-8 as a valuable prognostic factor with potential as a biomarker for ESCC., The authors appreciate the financial support of Capes/PDSE (number of process 88881.135146/2016-01), Barretos Cancer Hospital, Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) projects PTDC/MED-ONC/28658/2017, UIDB/50026/2020 and UIDP/50026/2020. This study was also partially supported by PublicMinistry of Labor Campinas (Research, Prevention and Education of Occupational Cancer, Brazil) and by the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000055, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). A.M.B. and E.T. were supported by FCT, the fellowship SFRH/BD/120371/2016, and Estímulo Individual ao Emprego Científico CEECIND/03070/2020, respectively.

Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of death in women worldwide; however, early detection could mitigate theassociated number of deaths, where new screening techniques applicable to the entire risk population are the key to achievingthis goal. By identifying the risk population, it is easier to plan cancer prevention programs and contribute to reducing thenumber of deaths from breast cancer; however, despite new promising technologies for early cancer detection, there arefew proposals available to achieve massively applicable techniques to screen the entire breast cancer risk population. Wepresent a proof-of-concept for screening breast cancer using a noninvasive and potentially low-cost technique that detects thecancerization field effect by spectral analysis (FEDSA) using near-infrared backscattered light. To test the concept of FEDSA todetect cancer, we performed FEDSA measurements in 24 women divided into two groups, the first group of 17 normal womenand the second group of seven women with previously detected abnormalities in the breast; we identified significant differencesin the FEDSA spectra of both groups, suggesting the potential of FEDSA as a promising screening technique for the earlydetection of breast cancer.

International student mobility is an important dimension of internationalisation in higher education, involving a high percentage of students in certain subject areas. A literature review revealed the absence of studies deepening our knowledge of this group of students in specific contexts and stages. Thus, this survey study was undertaken to gather data on the profiles and academic and professional careers of a sample of students. Specific differences in their intrinsic and extrinsic motives for their choice of degree subject were found. A total of 314 students from 14 Master’s degree programmes at two public universities responded, 42.4% of whom were international students. The data showed differences in reasons for choice between international and Spanish-native students when enroling in a Master’s degree programme. The foreign students had diverse motivations, in many cases related to each other, with no predominance of extrinsic or intrinsic motives. This suggests that, when students are deciding to study abroad, universities should consider the importance of offering guidance to these students at the stage prior to accessing the Master’s degree.

This chapter looks into the child protection system in Colombia. The protection of childhood is divided among the purposes of philanthropy, morality, social control devices, and equitable societies. Additionally, child protection systems justify their existence in an alleged inability of poor families to care for their children. Cases of abuse and violence against children are understood as situations of threat or violation of their rights due to omissions or non-compliance with the obligations of the state and society. Significant improvements have been recorded in the last few years concerning the quality of life of the child population. However, ethnicity, area of residence, and home characteristics remain as factors of the social service’s accessibility.

Pinus pinea nuts are commercial relevant Mediterranean edible forest nuts, with an increasing production and market value, whose industrial processing yields a lignocellulosic by-product, the pine nut shells, currently only used for combustion. Little research has been done on pine nut shells that could support a value-added application for this residue. This work studies for the first time the production of oligosaccharides by autohydrosis, and aims at an integrated upgrade within the biorefinery framework. Autohydrolysis was explored in the temperature range between 150 and 230 °C (corresponding to severity factors 2.13–4.63). Oligosaccharides, mainly xylo-oligosaccharides (95% of the total), were the key soluble products, reaching 28.7 g/100 g of xylan of the feedstock at the optimal conditions (log R0 4.01). Other products were monosaccharides and phenolic compounds that reached 7.8 and 4.7 g/L, respectively, under the most severe conditions. The stability of the oligosaccharides at different temperatures (room, 37 °C and 100 °C) and pH (between 1 and 11) grant them significant market potential in the food and pharma sectors. The pre-treated pine nut shells by autohydrolysis presented an improved, although low, enzymatic digestibility (14%), and an improved high-heating value, therefore advising their further valorization by thermochemical pathways.