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Myeloid sarcoma is an uncommon pathological diagnosis of proliferation of blasts of one or more of the myeloid lineages in regions other than the blood and bone marrow. Myeloid sarcoma of the testis after allogeneic bone marrow stem cell transplantation is very rare and only few cases are reported in the literature. It is usually misdiagnosed as malignant lymphoma, particularly with large cell lymphoma, due to similar histological morphology. Due to difficulty in diagnosis, it is suggested that an appropriate panel of immunohistochemical marker studies be performed in conjunction with clinical correlation to avoid misleading diagnosis and improper treatment of patients. We report an interesting case of a 49-year-old man with a diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukaemia. He had undergone allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, achieved complete molecular remission and later relapsed with myeloid sarcoma of the testis.

This paper proposes an IoT-based safety system for SAE BAJA All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVs) to improve the safety of riders. The system consists of intelligent safety enhancement system which is integrated with the vehicle to collect data on its location, SOS alert, speed, acceleration, and other important parameters. The collected data is then transmitted to a cloud-based server via wireless communication protocols such as Wi-Fi or cellular network. In this project, we have built an IoT based accident detection with the help of Nodemcu ESP8266 Wi-Fi module and a vibration signal which detect the accidents and send an emergency warning message. The system constitutes of single – board embedded system that has Nodemcu ESP8266 connected to IoT. Nodemcu ESP8266 is an open – source based firmware and development board specially targeted for IoT based applications. The proposed system also includes a remote monitoring and control feature, allowing the rider's friends, family members, or emergency services to track the location and status of the ATV in case of an emergency. Moreover, the system can also be used to monitor the vehicle's maintenance status and provide proactive maintenance recommendations to ensure its optimal performance and longevity. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed system is effective in enhancing the safety consideration of ATV riders through Blynk – IoT platform and can significantly reduce the risk of accidents through crash alert system. The system can also be easily integrated with other IoT devices and platforms, making it highly scalable and adaptable to different types of vehicles and environments

Although castor cultivation is predominant in Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and few other states in India, rearing of eri silkworm, which feeds on castor is not catching up in these non-traditional states. One of the probable reasons is the non-availability of studies indicating region-specific suitable castor cultivars for different eri silkworm races. Studies on castor cultivar preference for one such better-performing race, C2 yielding better shell weight (12-15 Kg/100 DFL) in the Tamil Nadu region is lacking. Eleven castor cultivars, including local accessions, varieties, and hybrids, have been raised in Randomised Block Design (RBD) with three replicates. The worms were reared using all the grown cultivars with five replications for each cultivar (treatment) with 20 worms/replication. All the economic parameters of eri silkworm were computed and compared. Local accessions such as Krishnagiri local and Tindivanam local, Perennial castor - YTP – 1, and Hybrids such as YRCH – 1 and DCH – 519 recorded significantly better larval, cocoon, and reproductive parameters. Least larval duration and highest matured larval weight were recorded in Krishnagiri local accession. Least values of all the economic parameters were noticed in Dharmapuri local. The reason might be due to the poor leaf quality impacted due to severe whitefly (Trialeyrodes ricini) and red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) attack.

Objectives: Protection and promotion of breastfeeding has been a challenge for all healthcare team members during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important for all healthcare workers (HCWs) to be aware of the existing guidelines and to counsel the parents and family members regarding the same. We used a structured training module using analyse, design, develop, implement and evaluate (ADDIE) model for training nurses on breastfeeding counselling during the pandemic. The objectives of this study were to assess the effectiveness of the structured training module in the training of HCWs on breastfeeding counselling. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based cross-sectional study. The structured training module was prepared using the ‘ADDIE model’. It was aimed at educating nursing professionals about the guidelines, common procedures and counselling skills related to breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic and simultaneously emphasizing due precautions to prevent and control the spread of infection. The faculties of the department of paediatrics were the educators. Results: The data obtained from the pre-test and post-test were analysed. The difference between the mean scores was statistically significant with P < 0.001. Conclusions: ADDIE model is a simple and effective tool to train healthcare professionals. The structured training module can be used by institutions for training their team members and for the implementation of institutional protocols.

It is possible to reduce distribution losses by strategically placing and sizing DG and BESS sources. Assuring low loss requires strategically placing the aforementioned devices; otherwise, the system may experience either under- or overvoltage. It is preferable to choose bus stations with less risk for loss. The proposed approach tries to pinpoint the optimal BESS size and placement to cut down on investment and operating expenses while still achieving the desired level of energy reduction. The development of optimisation algorithms for finding and scaling BESS units is the fundamental focus of this study. Two such strategies are being explored here: the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and the Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm (ACOA). The goal function, like the original issue, seeks to minimise system-wide power losses while adhering to specified levels of equality and inequality. This article explores the appropriate capacity and placement of the DGs in a 33-bus radial distribution grid to reduce power dissipations. Matlab code is used to perform a simulation, and the results are put to use gauging the method's sturdiness.

The study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of artificial diet on rearing performance of eri silkworm. The results revealed that in case of total larval duration (D:H) and matured larval weight (g) castor (control) fed larvae recorded least larval duration of 18 ± 0.8 D:H and highest matured larval weight of 8.190 g. Followed by treatment receiving artificial diet from fifth instar recorded 25 ± 0.9 D:H and 4.140 g. However, treatments receiving artificial diet from third and fourth instar were found to be inferior and on par with each other. With respect to cocoon parameters viz., cocoon weight, pupal weight, shell weight and shell ratio it was noticed that larvae receiving artificial diet from third and fourth instar didn’t spin cocoons. Effective Rate of Rearing (ERR %) indicated the poor performance of artificial diet and it needs better optimization for improve the performance of eri silkworm.

Salem dolerites were collected across the dyke from various parts of the studied area for identifying the differentiation process of magma in the conduits from the compositional profile. The thick dolerites show NNW-SSE, NE-SW, and NW-SE trends. The studied dyke shows systematic composition increasing and decreasing in the chilled margin and centre of the dyke as the texture and concentration of plagioclase and pyroxene increase. Chilled margins show microcrystalline to intersertal, and the centre of the dyke show sub ophitic textures. The compatible oxide MgO, element Ni and the Mg number (100Mg/(Mg+FeT)) increased and the incompatible oxides TiO2, P2O5, and elements Zr decreased from the chilled margin to the centre of the dyke in the compositional profile show reverse fractionation trends (opposite to fractional crystallization) in the studied dykes except for Seeliyampatti dyke. The Seeliyampatti dolerites show opposite compositional variations indicating a normal fractionation trend from the other dykes of the study area. The reverse fractional trends in dykes resulting in the progressive increase of cumulate minerals growth against the dyke wall called the «cumulate process», however, the normal fractional trend in Seeliyampatti resulting in the progressive increase of more evolved magma successively removes the early chilled margin and fills the thick dyke with less compatible and more incompatible components toward the centre of the dyke. Although the normal trend in thick dyke considered the exceptional liquid process of magma differentiation that was formed more like fractional crystallization. Factor analysis also supports the differentiation process of magma. The first factor accounts total variance of 57.68% showing the positively loaded incompatible element and negatively loaded compatible elements.

Upconversion nanoparticles possess the ability to convert low energy photons to high energy photons, with the advantages of no autofluorescence, reduced photodamage, deeper tissue penetration, and extended photostability. Therefore, upconversion nanoparticles are considered ideal probes for framing potential theranostic agents. Generally, oleic acid has been used as a capping agent to fabricate high-quality upconversion nanoparticles. However, the hydrophobic oleic acid ligands on the surface of the nanoparticles continue to be a barrier when used in biological applications. Herein, we modified the surface of oleic acid coated upconversion (OA-NaGdF4:Yb/Er) nanoparticles to be hydrophilic using a novel one-step solvent assisted mechanochemical (SAM) milling ligand exchange strategy. Normal ligand exchange processes are tedious and take one to two days to complete, but the SAM ligand exchange strategy presented here is facile, rapid, and takes less than 1 h. This surface modified citric acid coated upconversion (CA-NaGdF4:Yb/Er) nanoparticles further ensures dispersibility in water and good biocompatibility, as revealed by electron microscopy, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, zeta potential measurement, upconversion luminescence studies, and cytotoxicity assessment. Besides, the size and shape of the nanoparticles were retained after surface modification. Moreover, the monodispersed CA-NaGdF4:Yb/Er nanoparticles exhibit intrinsic paramagnetic behavior which makes them suitable to be used as a contrast enhancer for T 1-weighted MRI. In addition, the measured CT numbers (in HU) increased linearly with increasing the concentration of the surface modified CA-NaGdF4:Yb/Er nanoparticles, indicating their plausibility as a CT contrast agent. The current findings suggest that the SAM ligand exchange strategy could be used to fabricate hydrophilic and biocompatible upconversion nanoparticles for bioimaging applications.

Malaria is a global burden and requires accurate and early diagnosis. WHO has recommended that all clinically suspected cases should have parasitological confirmation for definitive treatment. There are other many methods which are expensive and require high skills. Hence, incorporation of reliable methods into automated hematology analysers will help identify malarial parasites at the earliest. Here we present three cases in which Plasmodium were identified on autoanalyser.

Background: Early reperfusion has the best likelihood for a favorable outcome in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with large vessel occlusion (LVO). Our experience with mobile stroke unit (MSU) for direct to angiosuite (DTAS) transfer in AIS patients with suspected LVO is presented. Methods: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data from November 2019 to August 2022, of patients evaluated and transferred by the University of Alberta Hospital MSU and moved to angiosuite for endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Result: A total of 41 cases were included. Nine were chosen for DTAS and 32 were shifted to angiosuite after stopping for computed tomography (CT) angiography of the head and neck (no-DTAS). Stroke severity measured by NIHSS (median with interquartile range (IQR)) was higher in patients of DTAS, 22 (14–24) vs 14.5 (5–25) in no-DTAS (p = 0.001). The non-contrast CT head in MSU showed hyperdense vessels in 8 (88.88%) DTAS vs 11 (34.35%) no-DTAS patients (p = 0.003). The EVT timelines (median with IQR, 90th percentile) including “door to artery puncture time” were 31 (23–50, 49.2) vs 79 (39–264, 112.8) minutes, and “door to recanalization time” was 69 (49–110, 93.2) vs 105.5 (52–178, 159.5) minutes in DTAS vs no-DTAS group, respectively. The workflow times were significantly shorter in the DTAS group (p < 0.001). Eight (88.88%) out of 9 DTAS patients had LVO and underwent thrombectomy. Conclusions: MSU for DTAS in patients with high NIHSS scores, cortical signs, and CT showing hyperdense vessel is an effective strategy to reduce the EVT workflow time.

The demand for iron ore has increased recently and employing geochemical and hyperspectral remote sensing techniques for discovering new ore and mineral resources have primarily been concentrated on the economic phases. The present study aimed to characterize the hyperspectral spectral signatures of iron ores of field samples to map the deposits that occurred in the Tirthamalai hill region, which lies in the parts of Harur Taluk, Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu state, India The measurement and study of spectral signatures of the different samples of the deposits showed strong spectral absorptions near 500 nm, 900 nm and 2400 nm wavelength regions and were confirmed with the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy method. The spectral absorption characteristics of the samples were evaluated by the study of the physical, optical, and chemical characteristics of the samples. The study of hyperspectral and FTIR spectral signatures with petrographic and major chemical elements revealed the best absorption characteristics of the iron ore deposits of the study region and can be used elsewhere in the world. This report presents preliminary findings on the use of hyperspectral imaging to characterize iron ore. The mineralogical products produced from hyperspectral images may improve in situ grade control on an iron ore mine face. It will be extremely useful for businesses in measuring large numbers of commodities quickly and objectively.

We aimed to study the knowledge of diabetes among individuals with a high risk for developing type 2 diabetes in the Trivandrum district of the Indian state of Kerala. The baseline data collected from 1007 participants of the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program were analyzed. Diabetes knowledge was assessed using a scale adapted from a large nationwide study conducted in India. The composite score of the scale ranged from 0 to 8. The mean age of the participants was 46.0 (SD: 7.5) years, and 47.2% were women. The mean diabetes knowledge score was 6.9 (SD: 2.1), with 59.5% having the maximum possible score of 8. Of the 1007 participants, 968 (96.1%) had heard the term diabetes, and of them, 87.2% knew that the prevalence of diabetes is increasing, 92.9% knew at least one risk factor for diabetes, 79.6% knew that diabetes can cause complications in organs, and 75.9% knew that diabetes can be prevented. While the overall level of knowledge of diabetes about its risk factors, complications, and prevention was generally high, an alarmingly low proportion of participants knew that diabetes can affect key organs such as the eyes (24.0%), heart (20.1%), feet (10.2%), and nerves (2.9%), and nearly a quarter (24.1%) were not aware that diabetes can be prevented. It is essential to educate high-risk individuals about diabetes complications and the importance of and strategies for diabetes prevention in the Trivandrum district of Kerala.

Fetal cutaneous wound closure and repair differ from that in adulthood. In this work, we identify an oxidant stress sensor protein, nonselenocysteine-containing phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (NPGPx), that is abundantly expressed in normal fetal epidermis (and required for fetal wound closure), though not in adult epidermis, but is variably re-induced upon adult tissue wounding. NPGPx is a direct target of the miR-29 family. Following injury, abundance of miR-29 is lowered, permitting a prompt increase in NPGPx transcripts and protein expression in adult wound-edge tissue. NPGPx expression was required to mediate increased keratinocyte migration induced by miR-29 inhibition in vitro and in vivo. Increased NPGPx expression induced increased SOX2 expression and β-catenin nuclear localization in keratinocytes. Augmenting physiologic NPGPx expression via experimentally induced miR-29 suppression, using cutaneous tissue nanotransfection or targeted lipid nanoparticle delivery of anti-sense oligonucleotides, proved to be sufficient to overcome the deleterious effects of diabetes on this specific pathway to enhance tissue repair.

Studies have shown that COVID-19 patients with prediabetes frequently present with high plasma glucose levels on hospital admission. However, whether the glycemic abnormalities are temporary or persist after recovery from the illness is unclear. We conducted a follow-up study of the case series of 69 COVID-19 patients with prediabetes (HbA1c 5.7–6.4%) who were admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Chennai, India, from May to October 2020 and were discharged alive. Over a mean follow-up of 146.6 (SD: 72.5) days, the mean fasting plasma glucose rose significantly by 16.8 mg/dL (from 119.3–136.1 mg/dL), 2-hr post-prandial glucose by 61.0 mg/dL (from 176.2–237.2 mg/dL), and HbA1c by 0.6% (5.9–6.5%). Of the 49 (84.5%) patients who were discharged with glucose-lowering medications, 40 (81.6%) continued taking them at the first follow-up visit (mean of 50.1 days from admission), and 39 (79.6%) continued taking them at the second follow-up visit (mean of 114.3 days from the first follow-up visit). In addition, 12.1% of patients developed new-onset diabetes after recovery from the illness. These findings underscore the importance of regular monitoring of glycemic parameters in COVID-19 patients with prediabetes after recovery.

Emerging Market Economies (EMDE) are facing challenges and the performance of the Large Emerging Market (LME) economies are also with issues of concern and makes global development a fix. The global slowdown and financial crisis bring uneven development. Adding to this, epidemics like COVID-2019 also pushed the world economies down by at least 0.04 percent with its cascading effects to come in the future. The trade positions in the EMDE regions were weak due to uncertainties and lower demand for commodities. The financial markets were in stress, investment has reduced, lower capital, low productivity, lesser business climate etc., in the EDMEs. The real GDP of EDMEs is expected to grow an average of 6.2 percent during 2017-21 and it is 0.3 percent lower than 2016 position. Advanced economies perform comparatively lower in the world output. The output of Emerging and Developing Asian countries output was 6.6 percent in 2017 and it declined to 6.4 percent in 2019

Overview of vermicomposting and its prevailing research gaps.

Nowadays agriculture and processes are getting more intelligent mechanisms to improve the yield and reduce manual work. Smart agriculture provides numerous modern ideologies to farmers. But still, farmers face one important issue crop disease. Many researchers provide plenty of ways to recover and tackle the situation to come out of this problem. Therefore, they proceed with image processing to identify diseases from rice plant images. Farmers mainly face problems to take proper images for classification. Because of various reasons like various environmental factors, farmers ignorance, field size, capturing angle, device limitations, etc. are affecting the quality of the disease detection system, and these factors degrade overall performance. For this problem, introducing the Intelligent multi-dimensional tiling (IMDT) technique with an advanced convolution neural network with cognitive object detection (CNN-COD). IMDT technique developed with an intelligent expert system that adjusts input image size, capturing angles and other factors automatically. This advanced tiling technique supports to do the cropping and fluttering of input images for resizing. And CNN-COD model was used to calculate rice leaf width size and rescaled at the time of image segmentation with the Residual network (ResNet) model. Created dynamic tiled images are uniformly and scaled dimensional objects. These input values are used to train the CNN-COD rice plant disease, prediction model. Our proposed models were appraised on more than 4960 images which contain 8 various types of rice crop diseases. The experimental result portrayed out the CNN-COD model receives significant improvement in objection detection and image classification for the rice plant disease detection system. Mean average precision (MAP) values compared the CNN-COD model with the YOLOv4 model it got improved by 3.7% with the tiled input dataset.

Fibrotic lung diseases represent a large subset of diseases with an unmet clinical need. Oligonucleotide therapies (ONT) are a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of pulmonary disease as they can inhibit pathways that are otherwise difficult to target. Additionally, targeting the lung specifically with ONT is advantageous because it reduces the possibilities of systemic side effects and tolerability concerns.This review presents the chemical basis of designing various ONTs currently known to treat fibrotic lung diseases. Further, the authors have also discussed the delivery vehicle, routes of administration, physiological barriers of the lung, and toxicity concerns with ONTs.ONTs provide a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of fibrotic diseases of the lung, particularly because ONTs directly delivered to the lung show little systemic side effects compared to current therapeutic strategies. Dry powder aerosolized inhalers may be a good strategy for getting ONTs into the lung in humans. However, as of now, no dry powder ONTs have been approved for use in the clinical setting, and this challenge must be overcome for future therapies. Various delivery methods that can aid in direct targeting may also improve the use of ONTs for lung fibrotic diseases.

In the Asian continent rice cultivation process provide staple food for livelihood. A current research work in the agriculture area involves recognizing and classifying plants diseases based on live images. Farmer can traditionally do the cultivation process, hence here the identification of the disease was by manual (visual appearance) or send the sample data set to the nearest laboratory. In our proposed method we will provide accurate and early detection of various diseases in Oryza sativa (rice) plants, that can help the farmers in applying suitable treatment on the rice plants and improve productivity. We are using optimized deep learning models such as the ResNet-152, CoAtNet for classification and identify the diseases. We have captured healthy and unhealthy images from Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu, India. The total amount of captured images was 3071 from our farmer's field with proper sunlight. It was highly efficient and detects the diseases or recognizes the diseases from the captured image with different categories (Bacterial Leaf Blight, Leaf Blast, Brown Spot, and Tungro / Leaf smut). The experimental results show according to the proposed method CoAtNet, was achieved for overall achieved accuracy of 96.56%.

Plant secondary metabolites exhibit a wide range of biological activity and may act as feeding and oviposition deterrents, repellents, fumigants, and behavior modifiers. Fruits and tubers of Momordica cymbalaria Hook (Fenzl.) possess anti-ovulatory and abortifacient properties that could be exploited in the management of insect pests. Hence, the feeding deterrent activity of M. cymbalaria leaf, peel (fruit skin), seed and tuber solvent extract against Spodoptera litura Fabr. was studied. Different concentrations of acetone extract of leaf from 0.3% to 0.8%, performed better in deterring S. litura larval feeding. Peel acetone extract showed a strong feeding deterrence (94.83% leaf area protection over the absolute control) at 0.9% concentration followed by medium deterrence at 0.8, 0.7, and 0.6% concentrations (85.62, 77.90, and 67.08 % protection respectively). The hexane seed extract was comparatively oilier and had a distinct rancid smell noticeable in the higher concentrations (0.8, 0.9, and 1%). Tubers did not exhibit any significant leaf area protection below 0.2% concentration. However, 1% tuber acetone extract showed 99.36 percent protection. The effective concentrations of leaf acetone extract for 50 and 95% deterrence were 0.27and 0.84 percent respectively. The effective concentrations of other plant parts were ranked as follows; Seeds>Peels>Tubers.

In fuzzy arithmetic, the multiplication operation based on Zadeh’s extension principle owns several unnatural properties both from theoretical and practical points of view. To overcome some of these shortcomings, a new operation called cross product has been introduced recently. We show the main properties of the cross product. We also present a comparative study of the traditional multiplication and the cross product in geological applications, especially for estimating of resources of solid mineral deposits.

Posterior mediastinal tumours in children are difficult to diagnose due to non-specific clinical symptoms. Most of them are neurogenic in origin. However, large pulmonary neoplasms in children may also present as posterior mediastinal masses and may be misinterpreted as neurogenic tumour. We report a case of 6-year female child with recurrent vomiting who had inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the right lung which presented as posterior mediastinal mass on computed tomography.

This paper presents the novelty on a nonlinear proportional integral derivative (NPID) controller developed from the gain values obtained using the Lyapunov-based nonlinear model predictive controller (LyNMPC). The tuning parameters of the proposed controller are taken from the dynamics of the nonlinear system, and these parmeters are dynamic with their value varying according to the error in the system. In this article, the authors have considered two highly nonlinear systems, namely, batch polymerization reactor and quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle systems. The nonlinear mathematical modeling of the batch reactor as well as the quadrotor system considered from the past literature of authors. The acrylamide polymerization reaction under consideration is an exothermic reaction, thereby making the temperature profile tracking and control a challenging task. The primary aim of this article is to develop the NPID controller based on the LyNMPC algorithm and to validate the NPID on a batch reactor bench-scale plant and on an hardware-in-the-loop platform for the quadrotor hardware. A comparative study of trajectory tracking and control capabilities of LyNMPC on derived non-linear models of the batch reactor and quadrotor system is presented. The system mathematical models are obtained with the help of the first-principle energy balance equation for the batch reactor and with the nonlinear dynamics of the quadrotor which is derived based on Newton-Euler formulations. With LyNMPC, the stability of the nonlinear systems can be improved because the error sensitivity is considered in the cost function.

In the present work, a prototype was developed to observe the flow behavior of viscous fluids under free surface shear and determine an adhesion energy in this flow geometry. The geometry consists of an eccentric Couette cell (outer cylinder radius of 89.5 mm, inner cylinder radius of 43.75 mm and minimal gap of 3 mm) that can be used in two modes, where both cylinders can respectively rotate in the same or opposite directions. Cylinders are horizontal and short relatively to their diameters (30 mm long). Transparent windows allow in-situ flow observations. The design, development, and testing of the prototype with a model viscous fluid (silicone fluid with a 2.2 104 Pa.s Newtonian viscosity) are reported in this paper. The flow behavior of small fluid volumes (fill factor smaller than 15%) was investigated under co- and counter-rotating configurations to determine steady-state flow conditions. Stationary conditions were identified in the counter-rotating mode. The velocity conditions and resulting observations are studied and analysed. However, for the used silicone fluid, the bulk dissipative energy is much larger than the work of adhesive forces in the investigated regimes. The adhesion energy contribution could not be detected for this fluid.

A metabolic problem occurs when regular functions of the body are disrupted due to an undesirable imbalance. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as one of the most common in this category. NAFLD is subclassified and progresses from lipid accumulation to cirrhosis before advancing to hepatocellular cancer. In spite of being a critical concern, the standard treatment is inadequate. Metformin, silymarin, and other nonspecific medications are used in the management of NAFLD. Aside from this available medicine, maintaining a healthy lifestyle has been emphasized as a means of combating this. Epigenetics, which has been attributed to NAFLD, is another essential feature of this disease that has emerged as a result of several sorts of research. The mechanisms by which DNA methylation, noncoding RNA, and histone modification promote NAFLD have been extensively researched. Another organelle, mitochondria, which play a pivotal role in biological processes, contributes to the global threat. Individuals with NAFLD have been documented to have a multitude of alterations and malfunctioning. Mitochondria are mainly concerned with the process of energy production and regulation of the signaling pathway on which the fate of a cell relies. Modulation of mitochondria leads to elevated lipid deposition in the liver. Further, changes in oxidation states result in an impaired balance between the antioxidant system and reactive oxygen species directly linked to mitochondria. Hence mitochondria have a definite role in potentiating NAFLD. In this regard, it is essential to consider the role of epigenetics as well as mitochondrial contribution while developing a medication or therapy with the desired accuracy.

Vestibular disorders can affect the peripheral or central vestibular systems, controlling and maintaining balance. Several studies have confirmed the high prevalence rate of vestibular disorders in other countries. To our knowledge, only one study has been conducted on benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in eastern India, and limited knowledge on other vestibular disorders in the country. Hence, the present study was conducted at SRM hospital, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu District, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, to estimate the overall prevalence of vestibular disorders in a tertiary care hospital between January 2016 and December 2020. The prevalence was identified through a register-based study that examined the case files of those who visited SRM Hospital with complaints related to balance and analyzed them in a retrospective manner. The present study found that 392 individuals with vestibular disorders were among the 214,004 clients. Thus, the prevalence of vestibular disorders according to the present study is 0.18 percent. The salient results of the present study were: Adults are more likely to experience vestibular disorders 323 (0.15%) children 1 (0.0004%), and, adolescents 7 (0.003%). Therefore, the prevalence of vestibular disorders is higher in adults than in other age groups. Prevalence of vestibular disorders was higher in women 236 (0.11%) than in men 156 (0.07%). The prevalence of vestibular disorders based on different types reveals that 311 (0.14%) BPPV is the most prevalent type, followed by 30 (0.014%) Menieres and 15 (0.007%) vestibular neuritis. KEYWORDS: vestibular disorder, Prevalence, Tertiary care hospital.

Background: OPC is being considered as the most important agent of self-poisoning among the younger generation people because of its easy availability. Recent studies have reported an early increase in serum amylase levels among patients with OP compound poisoning and found hyperamylasemia to be closely associated with the clinical signs and symptoms and more so with respiratory failure. Aim: To study the serum amylase levels among patients with OPC poisoning and correlate its levels with the clinical features on the day of presentation. Methodology: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted for a period of two years in a Government medical college hospital at TamilNadu. A total of 278 patients reported to our hospital with history of OPC poisoning during the said period among which 157 patients satisfying our inclusion and exclusion criteria are selected as our study subjects. Severity of OPC intoxication was measured using POP (Peradeniya OP poisoning) scale and it was graded as mild, moderate and severe. Serum amylase level was measured for all the patients on the day of admission.

Contemporary pharmaceutical chemistry faces several challenges in different directions, including the need for both the potency and specificity of any therapeutic agent. The increasingly demanding low toxicity requirements observed in all patients treated and the need for novelty in intellectual property, given the extensive use of benzenoid and heteroaromatic ring systems in many patents. Such challenges are increasingly met by moving to new and / or unusual ring systems (scaffolds) that lie outside the realm of (hetero) aromatic systems. This critical review examines the biological activities of Thiazolidine derivatives like anti-microbial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetics, antiobesity, anti-oxidant by giving mechanistic insights of the given atypical scaffolds from mainly drawn from the literature of the last five years, which have found applications in modern bioorganic chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry.

SHGs is for accelerating the economic growth with equity by way of access to credit requirement to vulnerable groups. The NABARD implemented such programmes favouring SHGs in the country. SHGBLP requires coordinated efforts by all stake-holders to tackle the issues of heavy concentration, stagnation in growth, multiple membership, lower bank linkage both in number and quantum, and also for the rising of non-performing assets in the country. The cooperative institutions like District Cooperative Central Banks and Primary Agricultural Cooperative Credit Societies have a long history and also helped the beneficiaries tremendously in our country. It is noted that the SHGs has grown over the years in various parts of the country but 26 per cent of them have been brought under the SHG-Bank Linkage Programme. In addition, a huge amount of regional variation in both credit deepening and credit widening has been observed in the country.

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by the pathogenic bacterium

Mohammed Jayed Alenzi,1,&ast; Ahmed S Alshalash,1 Abdulmohsen Nayef Al-enzi,2 Fahad Suhayman Al-anazi,2 Nawaf Mohammed Al-anzi,2 Khalid Omar Alsharari,2 Abdulhadi Abdullah Alanazi,2 Sultan Mohammed Alanazi,2 Ashokkumar Thirunavukkarasu3,&ast; 1Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia; 2Medical Student, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ashokkumar Thirunavukkarasu, Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966-599739619, Email ashokkumar@ju.edu.saBackground: Assessment of parents’ awareness of testicular torsion (TT) is essential to plan for necessary awareness-raising campaigns by policymakers. Hence, the preventable loss of testis due to inadequate awareness can be avoided. We aimed to evaluate the awareness of TT amongst parents from the Aljouf region, KSA, and to assess their response to a potential torsion.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among parents from the Aljouf region. The sample population was obtained using a consecutive sampling method. The present study used a pretested Arabic questionnaire. We used a statistical package for social science software for data analysis.Results: There were 320 parents who participated in different public places for the present study. Of the respondents, 10.6% of their children had sudden pain in the scrotum. More than half (52.2%) had never heard of testicular torsion, and 72.5% of parents agreed that they would seek immediate medical attention for severe testicular pain, but a low (42.5%) proportion of parents responded that they would seek help immediately. Nearly one-fourth of them responded that less than 6 hours is the critical time for repair. Parents who were knowledgeable at the critical time had more odds of presenting to a healthcare facility immediately for both mild (OR = 2.77, CI = 1.55– 4.03, p = 0.001) and severe (OR = 1.92, CI = 1.03– 3.63, p = 0.032).Conclusion: We found a lack of awareness of TT among Saudi parents. It is suggested to improve the knowledge among them through awareness-raising campaigns by the concerned health authorities through feasible methods. Furthermore, we recommend conducting a futuristic multicenter and exploratory study to find province-specific awareness.Keywords: testicular torsion, awareness, Saudi, pain, parents, critical time

Muhannad Faleh Alanazi,1 Ashokkumar Thirunavukkarasu,2 Maily Alrowily,3 Nouf Alaqel,4 Abdulelah Alaqel,5 Mutlaq Alruwaili,5 Nouf Nashmi M Alazmi,5 Osamah Alhassan,5 Mona Fahad M Aljarallah,5 Afrah Mohaimeed Altaymani5 1Division of Radiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; 3Aljouf Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Prince Mutab Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia; 5College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Muhannad Faleh Alanazi, Division of Radiology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966555 393 871, Email mfalanazi@ju.edu.saBackground: Mammogram screening (MS) is the gold-standard method for early detection of breast cancer (BC), and its use has been proven to minimize BC-related deaths and reduce treatment costs. However, recent epidemiological surveys have reported that rates of mammogram uptake by the Saudi female population are low. Here, we assessed the knowledge of BC and perceived barriers to MS uptake among pre-eligible northern Saudi women.Participants and Methods: We administered a standard and validated Arabic questionnaire to 400 women aged 40– 69 years. SPSS version 21.0 (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis. We applied logistic regression analysis to find the factors associated with participants’ knowledge of BC and MS. Spearman correlation test was applied to find the correlation between knowledge and barrier scores.Results: The study participants reported that smoking habits (61.3%) and unhealthy food habits (57.8%) were the most common risk factors for BC. Of the studied participants, 56.3% had low or medium degrees of knowledge about BC risk factors and MS. The degree of knowledge was significantly associated with education level (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI]. = 1.61– 3.13; P = 0.008) and a family history of BC (aOR, 3.66; 95% CI, 1.94– 5.49; P < 0.001). Fear of a BC diagnosis (50.8%) and concerns regarding test procedures were the most common barriers to MS uptake. We also found a negative correlation between participants’ knowledge and perceived barriers to MS (rho = − 0.389, P < 0.001).Conclusion: We recommend that concerned authorities offer women multiple health education sessions covering BC risk factors and the necessity for pre-eligible women to undergo MS spaced at regular intervals at different facilities. Furthermore, a multicentric mixed-methods survey is warranted to find the qualitative aspects of barriers to MS.Keywords: breast cancer, screening, risk factors, mammogram, knowledge

The global demand for energy has been steadily increasing due to population growth, urbanization, and industrialization. Numerous researchers worldwide are striving to create precise forecasting models for predicting energy consumption to manage supply and demand effectively. In this research, a time-series forecasting model based on multivariate multilayered long short-term memory (LSTM) is proposed for forecasting energy consumption and tested using data obtained from commercial buildings in Melbourne, Australia: the Advanced Technologies Center, Advanced Manufacturing and Design Center, and Knox Innovation, Opportunity, and Sustainability Center buildings. This research specifically identifies the best forecasting method for subtropical conditions and evaluates its performance by comparing it with the most commonly used methods at present, including LSTM, bidirectional LSTM, and linear regression. The proposed multivariate, multilayered LSTM model was assessed by comparing mean average error (MAE), root-mean-square error (RMSE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) values with and without labeled time. Results indicate that the proposed model exhibits optimal performance with improved precision and accuracy. Specifically, the proposed LSTM model achieved a decrease in MAE of 30%, RMSE of 25%, and MAPE of 20% compared with the LSTM method. Moreover, it outperformed the bidirectional LSTM method with a reduction in MAE of 10%, RMSE of 20%, and MAPE of 18%. Furthermore, the proposed model surpassed linear regression with a decrease in MAE by 2%, RMSE by 7%, and MAPE by 10%.These findings highlight the significant performance increase achieved by the proposed multivariate multilayered LSTM model in energy consumption forecasting.