4,602 results on '"Theodore R"'
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2. Using the Past to Understand the Future of U.S. and Global Smoking Disparities: A Birth Cohort Perspective
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Jamie Tam, David T. Levy, Eric J. Feuer, Jihyoun Jeon, Theodore R. Holford, and Rafael Meza
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Epidemiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2023
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Catalog
3. Patterns of Birth Cohort‒Specific Smoking Histories by Race and Ethnicity in the U.S
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Rafael Meza, Pianpian Cao, Jihyoun Jeon, Nancy L. Fleischer, Theodore R. Holford, David T. Levy, and Jamie Tam
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Epidemiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2023
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4. Birth Cohort‒Specific Smoking Patterns by Family Income in the U.S
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Jihyoun Jeon, Pianpian Cao, Nancy L. Fleischer, David T. Levy, Theodore R. Holford, Rafael Meza, and Jamie Tam
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Epidemiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2023
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5. Patterns of Birth Cohort‒Specific Smoking Histories in Brazil
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Jamie Tam, Mohammed A. Jaffri, Yoonseo Mok, Jihyoun Jeon, André S. Szklo, Mirian C. Souza, Theodore R. Holford, David T. Levy, Pianpian Cao, Luz M. Sánchez-Romero, and Rafael Meza
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Epidemiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2023
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6. Summary and Concluding Remarks: Patterns of Birth Cohort‒Specific Smoking Histories
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David T. Levy, Jamie Tam, Jihyoun Jeon, Theodore R. Holford, Nancy L. Fleischer, and Rafael Meza
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Epidemiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2023
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7. Expanding Clozapine Use in State Prisons: A Review of the North Carolina Experience
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Megan E. Pruette, Theodore R. Zarzar, and Brian B. Sheitman
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Community and Home Care ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2023
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8. Smoking Disparities by Level of Educational Attainment and Birth Cohort in the U.S
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Pianpian Cao, Jihyoun Jeon, Jamie Tam, Nancy L. Fleischer, David T. Levy, Theodore R. Holford, and Rafael Meza
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Epidemiology ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health - Published
- 2023
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9. (Catecholate)Cu I 2 -Displayed Porous Organic Polymers as Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Mild and Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols
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Youlong Zhu, Debabrata Mukherjee, Theodore R. Helgert, and SonBinh T. Nguyen
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General Chemistry - Published
- 2023
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10. Impact and Recovery from COVID-19-Related Disruptions in Colorectal Cancer Screening and Care in the US
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Rosita van den Puttelaar, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Anne I. Hahn, Carolyn M. Rutter, Theodore R. Levin, Ann G. Zauber, Reinier G.S. Meester, and Public Health
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Oncology ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Epidemiology - Abstract
Background: Many colorectal cancer–related procedures were suspended during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we predict the impact of resulting delays in screening (colonoscopy, FIT, and sigmoidoscopy) and diagnosis on colorectal cancer–related outcomes, and compare different recovery scenarios. Methods: Using the MISCAN-Colon model, we simulated the US population and evaluated different impact and recovery scenarios. Scenarios were defined by the duration and severity of the disruption (percentage of eligible adults affected), the length of delays, and the duration of the recovery. During recovery (6, 12 or 24 months), capacity was increased to catch up missed procedures. Primary outcomes were excess colorectal cancer cases and –related deaths, and additional colonoscopies required during recovery. Results: With a 24-month recovery, the model predicted that the US population would develop 7,210 (0.18%) excess colorectal cancer cases during 2020–2040, and 6,950 (0.65%) excess colorectal cancer–related deaths, and require 108,500 (8.6%) additional colonoscopies per recovery month, compared with a no-disruption scenario. Shorter recovery periods of 6 and 12 months, respectively, decreased excess colorectal cancer–related deaths to 4,190 (0.39%) and 4,580 (0.43%), at the expense of 260,200–590,100 (20.7%–47.0%) additional colonoscopies per month. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic will likely cause more than 4,000 excess colorectal cancer–related deaths in the US, which could increase to more than 7,000 if recovery periods are longer. Impact: Our results highlight that catching-up colorectal cancer–related services within 12 months provides a good balance between required resources and mitigation of the impact of the disruption on colorectal cancer–related deaths. more...
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- 2023
11. Correction to: Diversity in radiology: the right thing to do, the smart thing to do
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Theodore R. Hall and Kathleen Brown
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Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2023
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12. Timing and Spectrum of Antibiotic Treatment for Suspected Sepsis and Septic Shock
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Theodore R. Pak, Chanu Rhee, and Michael Klompas
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Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases - Published
- 2022
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13. Masters of the Manuscript, Makers of Knowledge: Colonial New England Students and their Shorthand Notes
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Theodore R. Delwiche
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History ,History and Philosophy of Science - Abstract
By failing to keep up with the praxeological turn of early modern Europeanists in the 1980s, scholarship on colonial America has consistently discounted the historical student. Uninterested in examining the intellectual habits of colonial students, early American historians have had little to say about seventeenth- and eighteenth-century schools beyond rehearsing worn, and often demonstrably false platitudes. This article seeks to take colonial students seriously by examining one of their most common, yet little studied intellectual practices: shorthand. When we apply the focus on intellectual praxis to modest subjects, when we look across boundaries of space and time, placing colonial America back into the fold of early modern history, a different image of the historical student snaps into focus. Rather than negligible rote memorizers, colonial students become active and engaged learners who sought to propagate the latest scribal technologies of their times. more...
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- 2022
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14. Patient-Related Factors Do Not Predict Use of Computer-Based Auditory Training by New Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients
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James R. Dornhoffer, Corin M. Kinkhabwala, Shreya Chidarala, Cheng Ma, Kara C. Schvartz-Leyzac, Ted A. Meyer, Katherine R. Sterba, Judy R. Dubno, and Theodore R. McRackan
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Otorhinolaryngology ,Neurology (clinical) ,Sensory Systems - Published
- 2022
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15. Building urban community resilience through university extension: community engagement and the politics of knowledge
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Justine Lindemann, Theodore R. Alter, Forrest Stagner, Effie Palacios, Ledeebari Banuna, and Mary Muldoon
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Urban Studies ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Nature and Landscape Conservation - Abstract
Many land-grant universities are examining approaches to community engagement to better align with the US land-grant mission of knowledge democratization. With a growing majority of the United States' population living in urbanized spaces, it is a societal imperative for university engagement initiatives to devise strategies for engaging people on the complexity of urban issues central to individual and community wellbeing. Effective urban engagement demands collaboration and strong relationships with urban organizations and residents to co-create approaches to urban concerns. Through narrative-based inquiry, we explore urban engagements within Penn State Extension (PSE) across the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (USA). PSE, located administratively in the College of Agricultural Sciences, is charged with carrying out Penn State's land-grant commitment to serve Pennsylvania's citizens through community engagement and nonformal education in the agricultural and food, human, and social sciences. We examine extension educator and faculty practices, program development, community engagements, and experiences, and those of community stakeholders. This work draws upon democratic methods to uncover the undergirding philosophies of engagement within PSE and how communities experience those engagements. This project offers an entry-point to longer-term applied research to develop a broadly applicable theory and praxis of translational research, engagement, and change privileging urban community resilience. more...
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- 2022
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16. The glass ramp of Wrangellia: Late Triassic to Early Jurassic outer ramp environments of the McCarthy Formation, Alaska, U.S.A
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Veenma, Yorick P., McCabe, Kayla, Caruthers, Andrew H., Aberhan, Martin, Golding, Martyn, Marroquín, Selva M., Owens, Jeremy D., Them, Theodore R., Gill, Benjamin C., Trabucho Alexandre, João P., Sedimentology, and Sedimentology more...
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Geology - Abstract
The marine record of the Triassic–Jurassic boundary interval has been studied extensively in shallow-marine successions deposited along the margins of Pangea, particularly its Tethyan margins. Several of these successions show a facies change from carbonate-rich to carbonate-poor strata attributed to the consequences of igneous activity in the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP), which included a biocalcification crisis and the end-Triassic mass extinction. Evidence for a decline in calcareous and an increase in biosiliceous sedimentation across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary interval is currently limited to the continental margins of Pangea with no data from the open Panthalassan Ocean, the largest ocean basin. Here, we present a facies analysis of the McCarthy Formation (Grotto Creek, southcentral Alaska), which represents Norian to Hettangian deepwater sedimentation on Wrangellia, then an isolated oceanic plateau in the tropical eastern Panthalassan Ocean. The facies associations defined in this study represent changes in the composition and rate of biogenic sediment shedding from shallow water to the outer ramp. The uppermost Norian to lowermost Hettangian represent an ∼ 8.9-Myr-long interval of sediment starvation dominated by pelagic sedimentation. Sedimentation rates during the Rhaetian were anomalously low compared to sedimentation rates in a similar lowermost Hettangian facies. Thus, we infer the likelihood of several short hiatuses in the Rhaetian, a result of reduced input of biogenic sediment. In the Hettangian, the boundary between the lower and upper members of the McCarthy Formation represents a change in the composition of shallow-water skeletal grains shed to the outer ramp from calcareous to biosiliceous. This change also coincides with an order-of-magnitude increase in sedimentation rates and represents the transition from a siliceous carbonate-ramp to a glass ramp ∼ 400 kyr after the Triassic–Jurassic boundary. Sets of large-scale low-angle cross-stratification in the Hettangian are interpreted as a bottom current–induced sediment drift (contouritic sedimentation). The biosiliceous composition of densites (turbidites) and contourites in the Hettangian upper member reflects the Early Jurassic dominance of siliceous sponges over Late Triassic shallow-water carbonate environments. This dominance was brought about by the end-Triassic mass extinction and the collapse of the carbonate factory, as well as increased silica flux to the ocean as a response to the weathering of CAMP basalts. The presence of a glass ramp on Wrangellia supports the hypothesis that global increases in oceanic silica concentrations promoted widespread biosiliceous sedimentation on ramps across the Triassic to Jurassic transition. more...
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- 2022
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17. The Natural History of Initial Antipsychotic Treatment Among Men Admitted to a State Prison
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Theodore R, Zarzar, David L, Rosen, Michael T, Kane, and Brian B, Sheitman
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Hospitalization ,Male ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Psychotic Disorders ,Prisons ,Schizophrenia ,Humans ,Antipsychotic Agents - Abstract
This study examined the natural history of antipsychotic medication treatment for men with a psychotic disorder who entered the North Carolina prison system in 2016-2017.The authors used prison records to identify individuals with a psychotic illness who were prescribed an index antipsychotic medication on prison entry (N=245). Data were analyzed to determine persistence of antipsychotic therapy and potential associations with treatment discontinuation.About 28% of the patients had stopped their antipsychotic medication by day 50; the median time until stopping was 248 days (95% confidence interval=147-355). Younger patients and those not continuing a preincarceration medication regimen discontinued treatment sooner than their respective counterparts.The early weeks of incarceration are a period of increased risk for antipsychotic discontinuation, particularly among younger individuals and those prescribed a new medication. These findings may help guide prison systems in implementing interventions that reduce antipsychotic treatment interruptions. more...
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- 2022
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18. Clozapine Reduces Recurrent Suicidal and Self-Injurious Behavior in Treatment-Refractory Incarcerated Individuals
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Theodore R. Zarzar, David L. Rosen, James P. Mayo, Maria G. O'Connell, Terri L. Catlett, John G. Reed, Joseph B. Williams, and Brian B. Sheitman
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Community and Home Care ,Suicide ,Prisoners ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Clozapine ,Self-Injurious Behavior ,Suicidal Ideation - Abstract
This retrospective review examines clozapine's effects on treatment-refractory incarcerated individuals (
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- 2022
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19. Understanding Patient Expectations Before Implantation Using the Cochlear Implant Quality of Life-Expectations Instrument
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Theodore R. McRackan, Brittany N. Hand, Shreya Chidarala, and Judy R. Dubno
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Adult ,Male ,Motivation ,Cochlear Implants ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Quality of Life ,Humans ,Surgery ,Female ,Cochlear Implantation - Abstract
Previous research suggests that clinicians view realistic patient expectations as the most important nonaudiological factor in the decision to proceed with a cochlear implant (CI). However, clinicians have few data to determine whether patients' outcome expectations are realistic.To address this unmet clinical need through the development and psychometric analysis of a new patient-reported outcome measure, the CI Quality of Life (CIQOL) Expectations.This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary CI center from February 26, 2020, to August 31, 2021. First, a team comprising 2 CI audiologists, a CI surgeon, a hearing scientist, and 2 psychometricians with experience in instrument development converted all items from the CIQOL-35 Profile instrument into statements reflecting expected outcomes. Then, cognitive interviews with 20 potential CI users assessed the clarity and comprehensiveness of the new instrument. Next, responses to the CIQOL-Expectations instrument for 131 potential adult CI candidates were psychometrically analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory. Finally, degree to which patient expectations changed from before to after and their CI evaluation appointments was measured.The CIQOL-Expectations instrument.Of 178 participants, 85 (47.8%) were female, and there was 1 (0.6%) Asian, 26 (14.6%) Black or African American, 1 (0.6%) Latinx, and 150 (84.3%) White individuals. No major content or grammar changes were identified during the cognitive interviews. Overall, all CIQOL domains demonstrated adequate to strong psychometric properties. Several domains did not meet all a priori established indicators of model fit or ability to separate CI users based on response patterns, but all met most indicators. Potential CI users demonstrated the highest mean (SD) expectation scores for the environment (70.2 [20.8]) and social (68.4 [18.0]) domains. In addition, the entertainment (20 [15.3%]) and environment (31 [24.4%]) domains had the highest percentage of patients with expectation scores of 100. Yet, normative CIQOL-35 Profile data from experienced CI users suggested few patients obtain this high degree of functional benefit after implant.The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that the CIQOL-Expectations instrument may provide an opportunity to assess potential CI users' expected outcomes using modification of an established CIQOL instrument and a patient-centered framework. The included items and domains reflect real-world functional abilities valued by CI users and may provide opportunities for an evidence-based shared decision-making approach to the CI evaluation process. With this instrument, clinicians can compare individual patients' pre-CI outcome expectations with established normative data and provide appropriate counseling. more...
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- 2023
20. Normative Cochlear Implant Quality of Life (CIQOL)-35 Profile and CIQOL-10 Global Scores for Experienced Cochlear Implant Users from a Multi-Institutional Study
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Theodore R. McRackan, Brittany N. Hand, Shreya Chidarala, Craig A. Velozo, and Judy R. Dubno
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Adult ,Cochlear Implants ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Quality of Life ,Speech Perception ,Humans ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cochlear Implantation ,Sensory Systems - Abstract
Although adult cochlear implant (CI) outcomes have primarily focused on speech recognition scores, the rigorous development of a CI-specific patient-reported outcome measure provides an opportunity for a more comprehensive and ecologically valid approach to measure the real-world functional abilities of adult CI users. Here, we report for the first time normative Cochlear Implant Quality of Life (CIQOL)-35 Profile and global scores and variance for a large, multi-institutional sample of adult CI users.Cross-sectional study design.CI centers in the United States.Seven hundred five adults with bilateral moderate to profound hearing loss with at least 1 year of CI use.Cochlear implantation.CIQOL-35 Profile and CIQOL-10 Global scores.During the development of the CIQOL instruments, 1,000 CI users from all regions of the United States were invited to participate in studies. Of these, 705 (70.5%) completed all portions of the study, and their data are reported here. Mean CIQOL domain scores were highest (indicating better function) for the emotional and social domains and lowest for listening effort. The entertainment and social domains demonstrated the widest distribution of scores and largest standard deviations, indicating greatest variability in function. Overall, there were minimal ceiling and floor effects for all domains.Normative scores from a large sample of experienced adult CI users are consistent with clinical observations, showing large differences in functional abilities and large variability. Normative CIQOL data for adult CI users have the potential to enhance preoperative discussions with CI candidates, improve post-CI activation monitoring, and establish standards for CI centers. more...
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- 2023
21. Mercury records covering the past 90 kyr from lakes Prespa and Ohrid, SE Europe
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Paine, Alice R., Fendley, Isabel M., Frieling, Joost, Mather, Tamsin A., Lacey, Jack H., Wagner, Bernd, Robinson, Stuart A., Pyle, David M., Francke, Alexander, Them II, Theodore R., and Panagiotopoulos, Konstantinos more...
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The element mercury (Hg) is a key pollutant, and much insight has been gained by studying the present-day Hg cycle. However, many important processes within this cycle operate on timescales responsive to centennial to millennial-scale environmental variability, highlighting the importance of also investigating the longer-term Hg records in sedimentary archives. To this end, we here explore the timing, magnitude, and expression of Hg signals retained in sediments over the past ~90 ka from two lakes, linked by a subterranean karst system: Lake Prespa (Greece/North Macedonia/Albania) and Lake Ohrid (North Macedonia/Albania). Results suggest that Hg fluctuates largely independent of variability in common host phases in each lake, and the recorded sedimentary Hg signals show distinct differences first during the late Pleistocene (Marine Isotope Stages 2–5). The Hg signals in Lake Prespa sediments highlights an abrupt, short-lived, peak in Hg accumulation coinciding with local deglaciation. In contrast, Lake Ohrid shows a broader interval with enhanced Hg accumulation, and, superimposed, a series of low-amplitude oscillations in Hg concentration peaking during the Last Glacial Maximum, that may result from elevated clastic inputs. Divergent Hg signals are also recorded during the early and middle Holocene (Marine Isotope Stage 1). Here, Lake Prespa sediments show a series of large Hg peaks; while Lake Ohrid sediments show a progression to lower Hg values. Around 3 ka, anthropogenic influences overwhelm local fluxes in both lakes. The lack of coherence in Hg accumulation between the two lakes suggests that, in the absence of an exceptional perturbation, local differences in sediment composition, lake structure, and water balance all influence the local Hg cycle, and determine the extent to which Hg signals reflect local or global-scale environmental changes. more...
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- 2023
22. Community First Responders: When Is the Juice Worth the Squeeze?
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Theodore R, Delbridge and Timothy P, Chizmar
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Emergency Medicine - Published
- 2023
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23. Risk of Colorectal Cancer and Colorectal Cancer Mortality Beginning Ten Years after a Negative Colonoscopy, among Screen-Eligible Adults 76 to 85 Years Old
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Ronit R. Dalmat, Rebecca A. Ziebell, Aruna Kamineni, Amanda I. Phipps, Noel S. Weiss, Erica S. Breslau, Douglas A. Corley, Beverly B. Green, Ethan A. Halm, Theodore R. Levin, Joanne E. Schottinger, and Jessica Chubak more...
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Oncology ,Epidemiology - Abstract
Background: Few empirical data are available to inform older adults’ decisions about whether to screen or continue screening for colorectal cancer based on their prior history of screening, particularly among individuals with a prior negative exam. Methods: Using a retrospective cohort of older adults receiving healthcare at three Kaiser Permanente integrated healthcare systems in Northern California (KPNC), Southern California (KPSC), and Washington (KPWA), we estimated the cumulative risk of colorectal cancer incidence and mortality among older adults who had a negative colonoscopy 10 years earlier, accounting for death from other causes. Results: Screen-eligible adults ages 76 to 85 years who had a negative colonoscopy 10 years earlier were found to be at a low risk of colorectal cancer diagnosis, with a cumulative incidence of 0.39% [95% CI, 0.31%–0.48%) at 2 years that increased to 1.29% (95% CI, 1.02%–1.61%) at 8 years. Cumulative mortality from colorectal cancer was 0.04% (95% CI, 0.02%–0.08%) at 2 years and 0.46% (95% CI, 0.30%–0.70%) at 8 years. Conclusions: These low estimates of cumulative colorectal cancer incidence and mortality occurred in the context of much higher risk of death from other causes. Impact: Knowledge of these results could bear on older adults’ decision to undergo or not undergo further colorectal cancer screening, including choice of modality, should they decide to continue screening. See related commentary by Lieberman, p. 6 more...
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- 2022
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24. Black eye syndrome and a systemic rickettsia-like organism in Alaskan Chionoecetes spp. crabs, including normal eyestalk microanatomy
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Theodore R, Meyers, Richard, Morris, Tyler M, Jackson, Julia N, Dissen, Laura M, Slater, and Maya L, Groner
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Brachyura ,Fisheries ,Animals ,Rickettsia ,Aquatic Science ,Alaska ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
A black eye syndrome (BES) was discovered in both captive and wild populations of Alaskan snow crabs Chionoecetes opilio and Tanner crabs C. bairdi. Field prevalences ranged from 0.37% (n = 594/161295) to 19.6% (n = 62/316) in snow crabs from the eastern Bering Sea and from 0.09% (n = 15/16638) to 0.7% (n = 133/18473) in Tanner crabs from the same trawl samples, with a slightly greater percentage (1.4%, n = 57/3945) in Tanner crabs from the Aleutian and Kodiak islands fisheries in the Gulf of Alaska. BES is not associated with crab mortality and has 2 distinct manifestations: abnormal black foci of internal eye pigment with no discernible histological lesions, which, in many cases, is followed by corneal shell disease with ulceration and distal eyestalk erosion. It is assumed for this study that these are early and late stages of BES that are somehow related. Our results suggest that early stages of abnormal pigmentation are noninfectious, possibly related to changing ocean conditions affecting crab endocrinology and neuropeptide control of secondary eye pigment. Potential light-induced photoreceptor damage of harvested crabs with dark-adapted eyes is another anthropogenic factor possibly contributing to the early changes in eye pigmentation. Normal eyestalk microanatomy specific for Chionoecetes spp. is provided as necessary baseline information for future studies. Early in the study, an unreported rickettsia-like organism (RLO) was discovered infecting dissected black eyestalks submitted for examination from 5 of 6 dead snow crabs, suggesting association with BES. Subsequent samples indicated the RLO was systemic, infected both black and normal-appearing eyestalks, and was unrelated to BES. However, the multiorgan infection and histopathology indicated the RLO could be a primary pathogen of snow crabs. more...
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- 2022
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25. Supplementation with omega‐3 or omega‐6 fatty acids attenuates platelet reactivity in postmenopausal women
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Adriana Yamaguchi, Livia Stanger, John Cody Freedman, Amanda Prieur, Rachel Thav, Jennyfer Tena, Theodore R. Holman, and Michael Holinstat
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Postmenopause ,Fish Oils ,Fatty Acids, Omega-6 ,General Neuroscience ,Dietary Supplements ,Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ,Humans ,Female ,Receptors, Thrombin ,Platelet Glycoprotein GPIIb-IIIa Complex ,General Medicine ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology - Abstract
Postmenopausal women are at increased risk for a cardiovascular event due to platelet hyperactivity. There is evidence suggesting that ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and ω-6 PUFAs have cardioprotective effects in these women. However, a mechanistic understanding of how these fatty acids regulate platelet function is unknown. In this study, we supplemented postmenopausal women with fish oil (ω-3 fatty acids) or evening primrose oil (ω-6 fatty acids) and investigated the effects on their platelet activity. The effects of fatty acid supplementation on platelet aggregation, dense granule secretion, and activation of integrin αIIbβ3 at basal levels and in response to agonist were tested in postmenopausal women following a supplementation and washout period. Supplementation with fish oil or primrose oil attenuated the thrombin receptor PAR4-induced platelet aggregation. Supplementation with ω-3 or ω-6 fatty acids decreased platelet dense granule secretion and attenuated basal levels of integrin αIIbβ3 activation. Interestingly, after the washout period following supplementation with primrose oil, platelet aggregation was similarly attenuated. Additionally, for either treatment, the observed protective effects post-supplementation on platelet dense granule secretion and basal levels of integrin activation were sustained after the washout period, suggesting a long-term shift in platelet reactivity due to fatty acid supplementation. These findings begin to elucidate the underlying mechanistic effects of ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids on platelet reactivity in postmenopausal women. Hence, this study supports the beneficial effects of fish oil or primrose oil supplementation as a therapeutic intervention to reduce the risk of thrombotic events in postmenopausal women. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02629497. more...
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- 2022
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26. Demonstration of Mechanics-Based Track Geometry Deterioration Models
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Stephen Wilk, Hugh B. Thompson, Theodore R. Sussmann, Dinqing Li, and Yudhisthir Paudel
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Mechanical Engineering ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
The Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI) is working to build on and extend existing mechanics-based track geometry deterioration forecasting models to support improved safety and reliability of ballasted tracks. This paper demonstrates how the railway track lifecycle model (RTLM) ballast model performs against field data and makes recommendations for improvement. Overall, the demonstration showed the mechanics-based model matches the general field behavior and its variations well, and it also identified potential improvements. The field data reinforced ballast fouling index (BFI) as a key factor in track geometry degradation. Additional factors that can cause variation in the BFI–track geometry degradation relationship were also identified, along with proposed curves that are easier to fit with field data. Linear track geometry degradation, with reference to mid-chord offset measurement with tonnage, fits the field data better than a logarithmic curve, which, historically, has been used to fit settlement as a function of tonnage. Using these improvements to the model, future work will focus on making the model as flexible as possible. This means identifying and incorporating key variables, in addition to BFI, that affect track geometry deterioration and allowing the model to either give general projections in situations with little historical data or become site-specific to a particular track section by incorporating historic data. more...
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- 2022
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27. Childhood asthma and household exposures to nitrogen dioxide and fine particles: a triple-crossover randomized intervention trial
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Janneane F. Gent, Theodore R. Holford, Michael B. Bracken, Julie M. Plano, Lisa A. McKay, Keli M. Sorrentino, Petros Koutrakis, and Brian P. Leaderer
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Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Immunology and Allergy ,Article - Abstract
Triple-crossover randomized controlled intervention trial to test whether reduced exposure to household NO2 or fine particles results in reduced symptoms among children with persistent asthma. Children (n = 126) aged 5–11 years with persistent asthma living in homes with gas stoves and levels of NO2 15 ppb or greater recruited in Connecticut and Massachusetts (2015–2019) participated in an intervention involving three air cleaners configured for: (1) NO2 reduction: sham particle filtration and real NO2 scrubbing; (2) particle filtration: HEPA filter and sham NO2 scrubbing; (3) control: sham particle filtration and sham NO2 scrubbing. Air cleaners were randomly assigned for 5-week treatment periods using a three-arm crossover design. Outcome was number of asthma symptom-days during final 14 days of treatment. Treatment effects were assessed using repeated measures, linear mixed models. Measured NO2 was lower (by 4 ppb, p < .0001) for NO2-reducing compared to control or particle-reducing treatments. NO2-reducing treatment did not reduce asthma morbidity compared to control. In analysis controlling for measured NO2, there were 1.8 (95% CI −0.3 to 3.9, p = .10) fewer symptom days out of 14 in the particle-reducing treatment compared to control. It remains unknown if using an air cleaner alone can achieve levels of NO2 reduction large enough to observe reductions in asthma symptoms. We observed that in small, urban homes with gas stoves, modest reductions in asthma symptoms occurred using air cleaners that remove fine particles. An intervention targeting exposures to both NO2 and fine particles is complicated and further research is warranted. NCT02258893. more...
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- 2022
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28. Astrocytes modulate neurodegenerative phenotypes associated with glaucoma in OPTN(E50K) human stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cells
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Cátia Gomes, Kirstin B. VanderWall, Yanling Pan, Xiaoyu Lu, Sailee S. Lavekar, Kang-Chieh Huang, Clarisse M. Fligor, Jade Harkin, Chi Zhang, Theodore R. Cummins, and Jason S. Meyer
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Pluripotent Stem Cells ,Retinal Ganglion Cells ,Phenotype ,Astrocytes ,Genetics ,Humans ,Membrane Transport Proteins ,Cell Cycle Proteins ,Glaucoma ,Cell Biology ,Biochemistry ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Although the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is a primary characteristic of glaucoma, astrocytes also contribute to their neurodegeneration in disease states. Although studies often explore cell-autonomous aspects of RGC neurodegeneration, a more comprehensive model of glaucoma should take into consideration interactions between astrocytes and RGCs. To explore this concept, RGCs and astrocytes were differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) with a glaucoma-associated OPTN(E50K) mutation along with corresponding isogenic controls. Initial results indicated significant changes in OPTN(E50K) astrocytes, including evidence of autophagy dysfunction. Subsequently, co-culture experiments demonstrated that OPTN(E50K) astrocytes led to neurodegenerative properties in otherwise healthy RGCs, while healthy astrocytes rescued some neurodegenerative features in OPTN(E50K) RGCs. These results are the first to identify disease phenotypes in OPTN(E50K) astrocytes, including how their modulation of RGCs is affected. Moreover, these results support the concept that astrocytes could offer a promising target for therapeutic intervention in glaucoma. more...
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- 2022
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29. Kari Alenius, Saulius Kaubrys: Balancing between National Unity and 'Multiculturalism'. National Minorities in Lithuania and Finland 1918–1939
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Weeks, Theodore R.
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, Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 72 Nr. 2 (2023)
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- 2023
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30. Allogeneic immunity clears latent virus following allogeneic stem cell transplantation in SIV-infected ART-suppressed macaques
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Helen L. Wu, Kathleen Busman-Sahay, Whitney C. Weber, Courtney M. Waytashek, Carla D. Boyle, Katherine B. Bateman, Jason S. Reed, Joseph M. Hwang, Christine Shriver-Munsch, Tonya Swanson, Mina Northrup, Kimberly Armantrout, Heidi Price, Mitch Robertson-LeVay, Samantha Uttke, Mithra R. Kumar, Emily J. Fray, Sol Taylor-Brill, Stephen Bondoc, Rebecca Agnor, Stephanie L. Junell, Alfred W. Legasse, Cassandra Moats, Rachele M. Bochart, Joseph Sciurba, Benjamin N. Bimber, Michelle N. Sullivan, Brandy Dozier, Rhonda P. MacAllister, Theodore R. Hobbs, Lauren D. Martin, Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari, Lois M.A. Colgin, Robert F. Siliciano, Janet D. Siliciano, Jacob D. Estes, Jeremy V. Smedley, Michael K. Axthelm, Gabrielle Meyers, Richard T. Maziarz, Benjamin J. Burwitz, Jeffrey J. Stanton, and Jonah B. Sacha more...
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Infectious Diseases ,Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy - Published
- 2023
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31. Evaluating different approaches for calculating adenoma detection rate: is screening colonoscopy the gold standard?
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Douglas A. Corley, Christopher D. Jensen, Jessica Chubak, Joanne E. Schottinger, Ethan A. Halm, Natalia Udaltsova, Aruna Kamineni, Celette Sugg-Skinner, Wei K. Zhao, Rebecca A. Ziebell, Richard Contreras, Eric J. Kim, Jeffrey K. Lee, Theodore R. Levin, Nirupa R. Ghai, Bruce H. Fireman, and Charles P. Quesenberry more...
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Hepatology ,Gastroenterology - Published
- 2023
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32. In Support of Universal Admission Testing for SARS-CoV-2 During Significant Community Transmission
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Chanu Rhee, Michael Klompas, Theodore R. Pak, and Julia Koehler
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Many hospitals have stopped or are considering stopping universal admission testing for SARS-CoV-2. We discuss reasons why admission testing should still be part of a layered system to prevent hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections during times of significant community transmission. These include the morbidity of SARS-CoV-2 in vulnerable patients, the predominant contribution of presymptomatic and asymptomatic people to transmission, the high rate of transmission between patients in shared rooms, and the data suggesting surveillance testing is associated with fewer nosocomial infections. Preferences of diverse patient populations, particularly the hardest hit communities, should be surveyed and used to inform prevention measures. Hospitals’ ethical responsibility to protect patients from serious infections should predominate over concerns about costs, labor, and inconvenience. We call for more rigorous data on the incidence and morbidity of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infections and more research to help determine when to start, stop, and restart universal admission testing and other prevention measures. more...
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- 2023
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33. Why Do Candidates Forgo Cochlear Implantation?
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Joshua J. Sturm, Gabriel Brandner, Cheng Ma, Kara C. Schvartz‐Leyzac, Judy R. Dubno, and Theodore R. McRackan
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Otorhinolaryngology - Published
- 2023
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34. Mercury isotopes show vascular plants had colonized land extensively by the early Silurian
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Wei Yuan, Mu Liu, Daizhao Chen, Yao-Wu Xing, Robert A. Spicer, Jitao Chen, Theodore R. Them, Xun Wang, Shizhen Li, Chuan Guo, Gongjing Zhang, Liyu Zhang, Hui Zhang, and Xinbin Feng
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Multidisciplinary - Abstract
The colonization and expansion of plants on land is considered one of the most profound ecological revolutions, yet the precise timing remains controversial. Because land vegetation can enhance weathering intensity and affect terrigenous input to the ocean, changes in terrestrial plant biomass with distinct negative Δ 199 Hg and Δ 200 Hg signatures may overwrite the positive Hg isotope signatures commonly found in marine sediments. By investigating secular Hg isotopic variations in the Paleozoic marine sediments from South China and peripheral paleocontinents, we highlight distinct negative excursions in both Δ 199 Hg and Δ 200 Hg at Stage level starting in the early Silurian and again in the Carboniferous. These geochemical signatures were driven by increased terrestrial contribution of Hg due to the rapid expansion of vascular plants. These excursions broadly coincide with rising atmospheric oxygen concentrations and global cooling. Therefore, vascular plants were widely distributed on land during the Ordovician-Silurian transition (~444 million years), long before the earliest reported vascular plant fossil, Cooksonia (~430 million years). more...
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- 2023
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35. Enhanced Primary Care for People With Serious Mental Illness
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Alex K. Gertner, Lexie R. Grove, Karen E. Swietek, Ching-Ching Claire Lin, Neepa Ray, Tyler L. Malone, David L. Rosen, Theodore R. Zarzar, Marisa Elena Domino, and Beat D. Steiner
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Psychiatry and Mental health - Published
- 2023
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36. Impact of a scalable training program on the quality of colonoscopy performance and risk of post-colonoscopy colorectal cancer
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Douglas A. Corley, Christopher D. Jensen, Jeffrey K. Lee, Theodore R. Levin, Wei K. Zhao, Joanne E. Schottinger, Nirupa R. Ghai, Chyke A. Doubeni, Ethan A. Halm, Celette Sugg-Skinner, Natalia Udaltsova, Richard Contreras, Bruce H. Fireman, and Charles P. Quesenberry more...
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Gastroenterology ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging - Published
- 2023
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37. Whole exome sequencing and co‐expression analysis identify an SCN1A variant that modifies pathogenicity in a family with genetic epilepsy and febrile seizures plus
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Michael F. Hammer, Yanling Pan, Medhane Cumbay, Manuela Pendziwiat, Zaid Afawi, Hadassah Goldberg‐Stern, Laurel Johnstone, Ingo Helbig, and Theodore R. Cummins
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NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel ,Epilepsy ,HEK293 Cells ,Phenotype ,Virulence ,Neurology ,Mutation ,Exome Sequencing ,Humans ,Epilepsies, Myoclonic ,Neurology (clinical) ,Seizures, Febrile - Abstract
Family members carrying the same SCN1A variant often exhibit differences in the clinical severity of epilepsy. This variable expressivity suggests that other factors aside from the primary sodium channel variant influence the clinical manifestation. However, identifying such factors has proven challenging in humans.We perform whole exome sequencing (WES) in a large family in which an SCN1A variant (p.K1372E) is segregating that is associated with a broad spectrum of phenotypes ranging from lack of epilepsy, to febrile seizures and absence seizures, to Dravet syndrome. We assessed the hypothesis that the severity of the SCN1A-related phenotype was affected by alternate alleles at a modifier locus (or loci).One of our top candidates identified by WES was a second variant in the SCN1A gene (p.L375S) that was shared exclusively by unaffected carriers of the K1372E allele. To test the hypothesized that L375S variant nullifies the loss-of-function effect of K1372E, we transiently expressed Nav1.1 carrying the two variants in HEK293T cells and compared their biophysical properties with the wild-type (WT) variant, and then co-expressed WT with K1372E or L375S with K1372E in equal quantity and tested the functional consequence. The data demonstrated that co-expression of the L375S and K1372E alleles reversed the loss-of-function property brought by the K1372E variant, whereas WT-K1372E co-expression remained partial loss-of-function.These results support the hypothesis that L375S counteracts the loss-of-function effect of K1372E such that individuals carrying both alleles in trans do not present epilepsy-related symptoms. We demonstrate that monogenic epilepsies with wide expressivity can be modified by additional variants in the disease gene, providing a novel framework for the gene-phenotype relationship in genetic epilepsies. more...
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- 2022
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38. Training for the Ministry: Shorthand and the Colonial New England Manuscript
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Theodore R. Delwiche
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History ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Visual Arts and Performing Arts - Published
- 2022
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39. A Perspective: Molecular Detections of New Agents in Finfish—Interpreting Biological Significance for Fish Health Management
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Theodore R. Meyers and Nora Hickey
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Fishes ,Animals ,Aquatic Science - Abstract
The increased sensitivity of advanced molecular techniques greatly exceeds the sensitivities of traditional detection methods for infectious agents. This sensitivity causes difficulty in interpreting the biological significance of such detections in fish (and shellfish), especially when the agent(s) cannot be cultured in the laboratory. In the Pacific Northwest, including Canada and Alaska, molecular detections of "new" (unknown or known but discovered in a different geographic location or fish host) potentially infectious agents in fish have received extensive media attention and misinterpretation that call for resource agencies to change current fish health surveillance practices or policies to include these agents. Fish health specialists from several of these agencies and organizations (see Acknowledgments) advise that any policy changes should be made only after further investigations to avoid wasting resources to conduct surveillance for organisms that are not significant to fish health or for noninfectious genetic material that does not represent a viable agent. Molecular detection is not proof of agent viability within or on host tissues and requires further investigation regarding the agent's ability to replicate and evidence that the agent causes substantial risk of disease to exposed fish populations. This document provides examples of molecularly detected agents causing public concern that were accompanied by little or no data to provide context and assessment of biological significance, highlights important questions to be answered regarding these detections, and provides a suggested pathway of investigative criteria to determine viability and pathogenicity of such agents that are necessary for consideration of any changes to aquatic animal health practices and policies. more...
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- 2022
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40. Current and future colorectal cancer screening strategies
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Aasma Shaukat and Theodore R. Levin
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Hepatology ,Gastroenterology - Published
- 2022
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41. A study of vertical tie reaction forces in ballasted railroad tracks through field instrumentation and numerical modeling
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Md Fazle Rabbi, Radim Bruzek, Theodore R Sussmann, Hugh B Thompson, and Debakanta Mishra
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Mechanical Engineering - Abstract
This manuscript presents findings from an ongoing research study at Oklahoma State University studying different factors that affect vertical tie reaction forces in ballasted railroad tracks. A combined approach involving field instrumentation and numerical modeling has been adopted for this purpose. Measurements of tie reactions can indicate the load distribution patterns and quality of vertical support along a track. Locations where tie support conditions are not adequate can develop geometry defects, ultimately leading to component failure. Three different approaches are adopted in this study to measure the forces being transmitted through the rail-tie interface; this is equal to the tie reaction force. The field instrumentation effort validates an alternative method to measure forces at the rail-tie interface using rail-mounted strain gauges. Results from this approach are compared to two other conventional methods of force measurement, i.e. through the use of load cells (LC), and an instrumented tie plate (ITP). A validated 3-dimensional Finite Element (FE) model is used to support the field-observed trends, and explain any observed discrepancy. Parametric analyses using the FE model identify different factors that can contribute to the rail-tie interaction force, thus affecting the instrumentation results. The strain gauge-based approach, using the concept of differential shear strain measurement, has been established as a suitable method for tie reaction force measurement. Exact measurement of the tie reaction force can be ensured through proper installation of the strain gauges, away from possible boundary effects. more...
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- 2022
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42. Chloropropanes, Chlorobutanes, and Chlorobutenes
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Kenric A. Marshall, Ernst Langer, Heinz Rassaerts, Peter Kleinschmidt, Theodore R. Torkelson, and Klaus K. Beutel
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- 2022
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43. The Impact of Menthol Cigarette Flavor in the U.S.: Cigarette and ENDS Transitions by Sociodemographic Group
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Evelyn Jimenez-Mendoza, David Mendez, Andrew F. Brouwer, Steven F. Cook, Ritesh Mistry, Bukola Usidame, Jana L. Hirschtick, David T. Levy, Rafael Meza, Theodore R. Holford, Nancy L. Fleischer, and Jihyoun Jeon more...
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Adult ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Population ,Article ,White People ,Young Adult ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Humans ,Medicine ,Young adult ,education ,Aged ,education.field_of_study ,Potential impact ,business.industry ,Smoking ,Hazard ratio ,Significant difference ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Tobacco Products ,Discontinuation ,Menthol ,Smoking initiation ,chemistry ,Smoking Cessation ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Introduction A better understanding of how menthol cigarette flavoring and ENDS impact smoking initiation, cessation, and transitions between tobacco products could help elucidate the potential impact of a U.S. menthol ban on combustible tobacco products. Methods A multistate transition model was applied to data on 23,232 adults from Waves 1–4 (2013–2017) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (analysis was conducted in 2020–2021). Transition rates among never, noncurrent, nonmenthol versus menthol cigarette, ENDS, and dual everyday/someday use were estimated, as were transition-specific hazard ratios for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, and income. Results Non-Hispanic Blacks who smoked menthol discontinued smoking at a much lower rate than those who smoked nonmenthol (hazard ratio=0.43, 95% CI=0.29, 0.64), but there was no statistically significant difference in the discontinuation rates among non-Hispanic Whites (hazard ratio=0.97, 95% CI=0.80, 1.16) or Hispanics (hazard ratio=0.81, 95% CI=0.56, 1.16). Non-Hispanic Whites who smoked menthol were more likely to become dual users than those who smoked nonmenthol (hazard ratio=1.43, 95% CI=1.14, 1.80). Young adults initiated menthol smoking at a higher rate than older adults (age 18–24 years versus ≥55 years: hazard ratio=2.45, 95% CI=1.44, 4.15) but not nonmenthol smoking (hazard ratio=1.02, 95% CI=0.62, 1.69). There were differences by sex in the impact of menthol flavor on smoking initiation and discontinuation but little difference by education or income. Conclusions Sociodemographic differences in product transitions should be accounted for when estimating the potential impact of a menthol ban. more...
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- 2022
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44. Direct 2,3-Butanediol Conversion to Butene-Rich C3+ Olefins over Copper-Modified 2D Pillared MFI: Consequence of Reduced Diffusion Length
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Shiba Adhikari, Junyan Zhang, Kinga Unocic, Evan C. Wegener, Pranaw Kunal, Dhruba J. Deka, Todd Toops, Sreshtha Sinha Majumdar, Theodore R. Krause, Dongxia Liu, and Zhenglong Li
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,General Chemical Engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Chemistry - Published
- 2022
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45. Imperial Russian Rule in the Kingdom of Poland 1864–1918 by Malte Rolf
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Theodore R. Weeks
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History ,Sociology and Political Science - Published
- 2022
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46. Using Clinical Audiologic Measures to Determine Cochlear Implant Candidacy
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Priyanka Reddy, James R. Dornhoffer, Elizabeth L. Camposeo, Judy R. Dubno, and Theodore R. McRackan
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Speech and Hearing ,Cochlear Implants ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Physiology ,Speech Perception ,Humans ,Recognition, Psychology ,Cochlear Implantation ,Article ,Sensory Systems ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Introduction: Only a small percentage (6–10%) of patients who are candidates receive cochlear implants (CIs). One potential reason contributing to low usage rates may be confusion regarding which patients to refer for CI evaluation. The extent to which information provided by standard clinical audiologic assessments is sufficient for selecting appropriate CI evaluation referrals is uncertain. The objective of this study is to evaluate the capacity of standard clinical audiologic measures to differentiate CI candidates from noncandidates. Method: The study design is a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained CI database from a university-based tertiary medical center of 518 patients undergoing CI evaluations from 2012 to 2020. Each ear of each patient was treated as an independent value. Receiver operating characteristic (ROCs) curves were constructed using aided AzBio sentence recognition scores in quiet and aided AzBio +10 dB signal-to-noise ratio scores Results: Variables with the greatest capacity to accurately differentiate CI candidates from noncandidates using aided AzBio in quiet scores were earphone CNC WRS, earphone pure-tone threshold at 1,000 Hz, and earphone PTA (AUC-ROC values = 0.86–0.88). Using aided AzBio +10 scores as the measure for candidacy, only CNC word recognition had a fair capacity to identify candidates (AUC-ROC value = 0.73). Based on the ROCs, a 1,000 Hz pure-tone threshold >50 dB HL, PTA >57 dB HL, and a monosyllabic WRS Conclusion: The current study provides initial indicators for referral and a first step at developing evidence-based criteria for CI evaluation referral using standard audiologic assessments. more...
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- 2022
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47. Supplemental Tables S1-2 from The Contribution of Mammography Screening to Breast Cancer Incidence Trends in the United States: An Updated Age–Period–Cohort Model
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Amy Trentham-Dietz, Theodore R. Holford, Harald Weedon-Fekjær, Oguz Alagoz, Natasha K. Stout, Brian L. Sprague, and Ronald E. Gangnon
- Abstract
Supplemental Tables S1-2. Supplemental Table S1. Case definitionsa for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer cases included in the age-period-cohort model, SEER Program and Connecticut Tumor Registry, 1935-2010. Supplemental Table S2. Rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals of breast cancer according to age, period and cohort. more...
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- 2023
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48. Data from Shifts in the Fecal Microbiota Associated with Adenomatous Polyps
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Nicholas Chia, David A. Ahlquist, Peter Lance, Dennis J. Ahnen, Douglas K. Rex, Theodore R. Levin, Brooke R. Druliner, Lisa A. Boardman, Heidi Nelson, Thomas C. Smyrk, Tracy C. Yab, Sean C. Harrington, Stephen Johnson, Jun Chen, and Vanessa L. Hale more...
- Abstract
Background: Adenomatous polyps are the most common precursor to colorectal cancer, the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. We sought to learn more about early events of carcinogenesis by investigating shifts in the gut microbiota of patients with adenomas.Methods: We analyzed 16S rRNA gene sequences from the fecal microbiota of patients with adenomas (n = 233) and without (n = 547).Results: Multiple taxa were significantly more abundant in patients with adenomas, including Bilophila, Desulfovibrio, proinflammatory bacteria in the genus Mogibacterium, and multiple Bacteroidetes species. Patients without adenomas had greater abundances of Veillonella, Firmicutes (Order Clostridia), and Actinobacteria (family Bifidobacteriales). Our findings were consistent with previously reported shifts in the gut microbiota of colorectal cancer patients. Importantly, the altered adenoma profile is predicted to increase primary and secondary bile acid production, as well as starch, sucrose, lipid, and phenylpropanoid metabolism.Conclusions: These data hint that increased sugar, protein, and lipid metabolism along with increased bile acid production could promote a colonic environment that supports the growth of bile-tolerant microbes such as Bilophilia and Desulfovibrio. In turn, these microbes may produce genotoxic or inflammatory metabolites such as H2S and secondary bile acids, which could play a role in catalyzing adenoma development and eventually colorectal cancer.Impact: This study suggests a plausible biological mechanism to explain the links between shifts in the microbiota and colorectal cancer. This represents a first step toward resolving the complex interactions that shape the adenoma–carcinoma sequence of colorectal cancer and may facilitate personalized therapeutics focused on the microbiota. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(1); 85–94. ©2016 AACR. more...
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- 2023
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49. Data from The Contribution of Mammography Screening to Breast Cancer Incidence Trends in the United States: An Updated Age–Period–Cohort Model
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Amy Trentham-Dietz, Theodore R. Holford, Harald Weedon-Fekjær, Oguz Alagoz, Natasha K. Stout, Brian L. Sprague, and Ronald E. Gangnon
- Abstract
Background: The impact of screening mammography on breast cancer incidence is difficult to disentangle from cohort- and age-related effects on incidence.Methods: We developed an age–period–cohort model of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive breast cancer incidence in U.S. females using cancer registry data. Five functions were included in the model to estimate stage-specific effects for age, premenopausal birth cohorts, postmenopausal birth cohorts, period (for all years of diagnosis), and a mammography period effect limited to women ages ≥40 years after 1982. Incidence with and without the mammography period effect was calculated.Results: More recent birth cohorts have elevated underlying risk compared with earlier cohorts for both pre- and postmenopausal women. Comparing models with and without the mammography period effect showed that overall breast cancer incidence would have been 23.1% lower in the absence of mammography in 2010 (95% confidence intervals, 18.8–27.4), including 14.7% (9.5–19.3) lower for invasive breast cancer and 54.5% (47.4–59.6) lower for DCIS. Incidence of distant-staged breast cancer in 2010 would have been 29.0% (13.1–48.1) greater in the absence of mammography screening.Conclusions: Mammography contributes to markedly elevated rates of DCIS and early-stage invasive cancers, but also contributes to substantial reductions in the incidence of metastatic breast cancer.Impact: Mammography is an important tool for reducing the burden of breast cancer, but future work is needed to identify risk factors accounting for increasing underlying incidence and to distinguish between indolent and potentially lethal early-stage breast cancers that are detected via mammography. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(6); 905–12. ©2015 AACR. more...
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- 2023
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50. Data from Time to Colonoscopy after Positive Fecal Blood Test in Four U.S. Health Care Systems
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Carolyn M. Rutter, Virginia P. Quinn, Beverly B. Green, Joanne E. Schottinger, Theodore R. Levin, Aruna Kamineni, Chyke A. Doubeni, Carrie N. Klabunde, Amit G. Singal, Ethan A. Halm, Douglas A. Corley, Yingye Zheng, Andrea N. Burnett-Hartman, Michael P. Garcia, and Jessica Chubak more...
- Abstract
Background: To reduce colorectal cancer mortality, positive fecal blood tests must be followed by colonoscopy.Methods: We identified 62,384 individuals ages 50 to 89 years with a positive fecal blood test between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2012 in four health care systems within the Population-Based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens (PROSPR) consortium. We estimated the probability of follow-up colonoscopy and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using the Kaplan–Meier method. Overall differences in cumulative incidence of follow-up across health care systems were assessed with the log-rank test. HRs and 95% CIs were estimated from multivariate Cox proportional hazards models.Results: Most patients who received a colonoscopy did so within 6 months of their positive fecal blood test, although follow-up rates varied across health care systems (P Conclusion: Individual characteristics and health care system were associated with colonoscopy after positive fecal blood tests. Patterns were consistent across health care systems, but proportions of patients receiving follow-up varied. These findings suggest that there is room to improve follow-up of positive colorectal cancer screening tests.Impact: Understanding the timing of colonoscopy after positive fecal blood tests and characteristics associated with lack of follow-up may inform future efforts to improve follow-up. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(2); 344–50. ©2016 AACR. more...
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- 2023
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