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This diploma thesis Poetry of Jaroslav Seifert as an opportunity to teach Czechoslovak history at second grade of elementary school deals with the use of Seifert's poems issued between years 1937 and 1950 during history lessons in the ninth grade of primary schools. Texts are thoroughly chosen from the collections of poems created during great historical events and milestones (such as 1930s crisis, The Munich Agreement, The Second World War, the liberation of Czechoslovakia and finally Stalinism in 1950s Czechoslovakia). Seifert's poems are perceived as lyric diaries offering a view of given era through historical references while taking their artistic nature into consideration. This diploma thesis is divided into chapters corresponding with above-mentioned historical events. The introduction of each chapter briefly deals with historical background of given eras when Seifert wrote his poems. The actual analysis of the collections of poems is dealt with in corresponding subchapters where, considering aesthetical side of poems, the common features of collections potentially usable for preparations of lessons are identified and categorized. Illustrative propositions of such lessons directly follow the analysis. The proposition of lesson The Munich Agreement is furthermore supported with its reflection...

The bachelor thesis deals with the circumstances surrounding the signing of the Prague Treaty in 1973 between the Federal Republic of Germany and the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. It presents the controversial issues that accompanied the negotiations. The fundamental disagreement lay in different interpretations of the validity of the Munich Agreement. The signing of the Prague Treaty made possible a process of détente in international relations that supported West German Chancellor Willy Brandt's concept of neue Ostpolitik. The bachelor's thesis further presents the media image of the conclusion of the Prague Treaty, while there was a significant difference between the periodicals published in Czechoslovakia and in Western Europe, which resulted from the different conception of the role of the media in the political system.

The article analyzes the events of European and world politics of the prewar period from the moment of coming to power in Germany in 1933 by the Nazi leadership until the outbreak of the World war II on September 1, 1939. The main causes of the escalation of tension in Europe are identified, including the imposition on Germany of the enslaving and humiliating conditions of the Treaty of Versailles, which provoked the coming to power of representatives of rightwing extremist Nazi political structures. The main directions of the policy of appeasement of Nazi Germany implemented by the leadership of Great Britain and France in order to initiate the German attack on the Soviet Union are revealed. The policy of Germanys concessions by Poland and a number of other Eastern and Central European States in the pre war period, their participation in German foreign policy expansionist actions, such as the Anschluss of Austria and the dismemberment of Czechoslovakia, which were the prelude to the Second world war, is evaluated. The author substantiates the failure of attempts to shift the responsibility for the outbreak of the World war II to the Soviet Union and its political leadership., В статье анализируются события европейской и мировой политики предвоенного периода с момента прихода к власти в Германии в 1933 году нацистского руководства до развязывания Второй мировой войны 1 сентября 1939 года. Определяются основные причины эскалации напряженности в Европе, в том числе навязывание Германии кабальных и унизительных условий Версальского договора, спровоцировавших приход к власти представителей маргинальных политических сил, основными пунктами политической программы которых являлись: денонсация положений Версальского договора, возрождение военной мощи Германии и расширение ее жизненного пространства . Раскрываются основные направления политики умиротворения нацистской Германии, реализуемой руководством Великобритании и Франции с целью инициирования нападения Германии на Советский Союз. Оценивается политика уступок Германии со стороны Польши и ряда других восточно и центральноевропейских государств в предвоенный период, их участие во внешнеполитических экспансионистских акциях Германии, таких как аншлюс Австрии и расчленение Чехословакии, явившихся прелюдией Второй мировой войны. Обосновывается несостоятельность попыток переложить ответственность за развязывание Второй мировой войны на Советский Союз и его политическое руководство., №9(129) (2019)

У статті аналізуються основні причини Другої світової війни. Найважливішими з них автор називає суперництво великих держав між собою, їх прагнення до експансії, до європейської та світової гегемонії, а також глибокі розбіжності в Лізі Націй. Ключовими факторами, що спричинили розв’язання Другої світової війни, на думку автора, стали нежиттєздатність створеної за результатами Першої світової війни Версальської системи міжнародних відносин, територіальні суперечки, що виникли в Європі після Першої світової війни. Особливу увагу автор приділяє ролі двох міжнародних документів - Мюнхенської угоди і Договору про ненапад між СРСР і Німеччиною за початок Другої світової війни, підкреслюючи, що їх слід розглядати не ізольовано, а в контексті того, що відбувалося в той час на європейському континенті. In the article, the author examined the main reasons that led to the beginning of the Second World War. He emphasized that the most important reasons for the start of the Second World War were the rivalry between the great powers, their aspiration for expansion, European and the world hegemony, the rise of dictatorial, military and totalitarian regimes in Europe and the world, as well as profound differences within the League of Nations. Author insisted that among the key reasons that led to the World War II were: the viability of the Versailles system of international relations; territorial disputes in Europe after the First World War; the continuation of the struggle for the return of the lost territories and spheres of influence by certain states and the protection of other; fight for the preservation of colonial possessions between the leading European countries. The author paid special attention to the extent of responsibility of two international treaties — the Munich Agreement and the Non-Aggression Treaty between the USSR and Germany (the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact). The author analyzed the implications of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and the Munich Agreement for European and World Security and concluded that the Soviet leaders did not judge Hitler’s aggressive intentions correctly. Similarly England and France at the time of signing the Munich Agreement considered the policy of its own guarantees given to small countries of Eastern and Central Europe as a factor that would have prevented German aggression, and believed in the subordination of Hitler to the authority of the international community. All these circumstances, which arose in the late 1930’s, opened the way for Hitler to resolve the Second World War, which led to a world tragedy.

The Munich agreement signed on the 29th of September 1938 has always been giving rise to strong emotions in Czech society. This event, frequently described as "about us, without us", is a synonym for humiliation, injustice and a symbol of betrayal for many. The historian Jan Tesař holds a non-traditional point of view on this matter. He opposes this established interpretation and sees it as a source of origin of the so-called Munich Complex. The proposed diploma thesis focuses on this phenomenon, which is examined in printed media. Firstly, it provides a brief historical context and introduces an overview of different interpretations of Munich events within Czech historiography as well as describes the arguments of Tesař himself. Furthermore, the Munich complex is conceptualized and the resulting concept includes variables necessary for the research part of the thesis. This section consists of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the content of selected representative media samples. Among examined aspects are arguments used in the press, patterns of interpretation and attributed meanings. The time scope for analysis ranges from 1948 to 2018. Finally, the examination of the presence of aforementioned elements in selected samples and evolution of media bias throughout the time provides knowledge...

У статті розглядається зовнішня політика Радянського Союзу напередодні Другої світової війни. Автор на основі сучасних досліджень аналізує спроби радянського керівництва створити антигітлерівську коаліцію в Європі. The article examines the foreign policy of the Soviet Union before World War II. The author on the basis of current research examines the attempts of the Soviet leadership to create the anti-Hitler coalition in Europe. But the policy of some European countries after the signing of the Munich agreement dramatically altered the intention of Soviet diplomacy. Analyzing the actions of the Soviet leadership, the author explains the turn of Soviet diplomacy in the direction of cooperation with Germany. Pro-German orientation of the Soviet Union is due to the cynical attitude of Stalin and his associates to the international law, the desire to increase their territory at the expense of neighboring states. The signing of the Non-Aggression Treaty between the USSR and Germany in 1939 subsequently gave Stalin the opportunity to attach a number of territories of neighboring countries: Poland, Finland, Romania and others. The author notes that the pro-German orientation in foreign policy of the Soviet Union was in part provoked distrust of Britain and France. But the Soviet leadership on the eve of the Second World War did not seek to cooperate with the European states. It is concluded that among modern historians, there is no unambiguous assessment of the actions of both the Soviet Union and European countries on the establishment of the anti-Hitler coalition. The main reason lies in the fact that some historians have tried to justify the actions of Stalin’s leadership that the alliance with Germany in 1939 was dictated by the objective circumstances.

The main aim of my diploma thesis is to capture the social atmosphere on the pages of periodicals in the Liberec region over the last few months before the secession of the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia in the Munich Agreement. It was a predominantly German populated region and I wonder how local Czech minority recognize tense period in 1938. For this reason I chose the only Czech written newspapers in Liberec at this period - North-Bohemian Daily. Start of the work is devoted to a brief recapitulation of the historical development of Liberec. And next charter deals with Czech-German relations because this topic is not only a question of the First Republic but it is a coexistence lasting few centuries and we could classify the events of 1938 in the correct context. In the next part I have devoted Nort-Bohemian Daily, its publishers, printers, graphic form, editorial and content characteristics. This is followed by a quantitative content analysis in the last stage of existence of newspapers, ie from January to October 1938. I was interested what topics editorial gave space, who created the texts as they were long and to which columns they were sorted. I also examined by genres newspaper formed and whether journalists engaged in regional, national or international events . At the conclusion chapter...

In my diploma thesis, I provide an analysis of the Munich Agreement and the Czechoslovak crisis from the perspective of the United States of America. My aim is to create comprehensive picture of bilateral relations between Czechoslovakia and the United States before and after the signing of the Munich Agreement. Thesis focuses on the diplomatic and economic relations between Czechoslovakia and United States in the period 1936 -- 1938/1939. The introductory part of the thesis is devoted to the phenomenon of isolationism and its influence in shaping the U.S. foreign policy. The main point of the analysis is the attitude of the American public to the Czechoslovak crisis and the Munich Agreement itself. The main hypothesis consists in the assertion that the United States played a major role in the Czechoslovak crisis that preceeded the signing of the Munich Agreement. I am seeking answers to these questions: How did the American public perceived the Czechoslovak crisis? What was the reaction of the U.S. government to the Czechoslovak crisis and the subsequent the Munich Agreement? How did president F. D. Roosevelt perceived the Czechoslovak crisis? In order to find answers to my questions I am using the issued and unissued sources, specialized literature and especially the contemporary press. The thesis has proved that the United States took part in the events that preceded the signing of the Munich Agreement.

The thesis "Corruption of Democratic System of ‚2nd Republic' and Radicalization of Political Conditions Presented on Case of National Unity Party and National Labour Party" deals mainly with deformation of the parliamentary system, with growth of anti-Semitism, and generally even with an aimed destruction of democracy which had accompanied development of Czech political parties in so called Czech-Slovakia of that period. The introduction chapters are focusing to outline the political situation in the period having been succeeded The Munich Agreement. The following parts are focused on the changes that afflicted not only the interior structure of above mentioned political parties but led also to a decline or even to an entire denial of former ideas, inherent to the previous period of ‚1st Republic', of which these parties had been integral elements.Based on interpretation of both the contemporary and present day publications and periodicals, this thesis aims to be one of tributes revealing the period of ‚2nd Republic',which has not been frequently treated by Czech historiography. This thesis makes an effort to reply questions of these sorts, e.g.: Has that period influenced the historical memory of Czech people? Was that régime a product of a pressure of totalitarian great power, with regard to the...

Jan Benda "The homeland of the country emigrate and back again…" The Migration from the occupied borderland in the time of Second Republic (1938-1939) Supervisor:PhDr. Jan Gebhart, CSc. DSc. Abstract The thesis deals with raw yet comprehensively, covering theme: migration from the border area of Czechoslovakia, which was ceded to Germany as a result of the decision in Munich and to Poland on the basis of Polish ultimatum. Introductory chapters are trying to find answers to questions concerning the origins and the beginning of the refugee problem, which could be sought in the growth of antisemitism in the spring of 1938. In the autumm, after a coup attempt Henlein's people left border in addition to the German anti-fascists, Jews and Czechs. Already during the phased resigning border migration flows greatly abounded, which were both due to the increase in negative behavior and conduct the "Henlein's" people (some of members of Henlein's Party-SdP) against German anti-fascists, Jews and Czechs, as well as specific measures Nazi regime restricting the living conditions of the population of the occupied territories. Many of these people were victims of violence and sometimes expulsion. The structure of the migrant population includes all employee categories, ie only poses a "withdrawal" of state employees to...

This thesis analyzes the consequences of the Munich Agreement for Czechoslovakia in the period 1945 to 1948 taking into account the years 1938 to 1944. In the introductory theoretical chapter is analyzed collective and individual memory and created construction of collective identity. In the subsequent chapters with the recollection and memory is then presented Munich impact on society created by the press as well as by political leaders headed by President Benes. Till the end of 1945, in the spirit of "Atonement" Munich, were performed the majority of changes essential especially for the state and society and they are the subject of investigation based on press, speeches and memoirs.