Search

BACKGROUND: Vine nutrition affects the composition of grapes, but how it impacts the aroma of grapes is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to investigate the effect of different fertilizers: chemical fertilizer (CF), sheep manure-based organic fertilizer (OF), 50% organic fertilizer + 50% chemical fertilizer (O + C), 25% organic fertilizer + 25% chemical fertilizer [1/2(O + C)], and soil conditioner (SC) on the aroma accumulation of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes. METHODS: The treatments were applied and samples were collected in 2019 at weekly intervals from August 7 to September 22. The grapes’ chemical characteristics and volatile compounds were analyzed. RESULTS: The chemical results showed that the treatments had a positive effect on grapes, with a strong preference for the 1/2(O + C) treatment. Grape aroma results showed that the concentrations of grape aromas in O + C-treated samples were lower than the other treatments. The OF treated samples had comparatively high (24.8%) volatile concentrations during maturity compared to other treatments, including the control (15.9%). Throughout development, samples treated with OF (17.4%) and CF (15.7%) had higher volatile concentrations than samples treated with SC (14.4%), 1/2(O + C) (12.8%), and O + C (12.4%). However, compared to SC-treated samples, samples treated with 1/2(O + C) increased the accumulation of terpenes and esters. The principal component analysis (PCA) results showed that samples treated with OF were strongly correlated to carbonyls, terpenes, and esters during maturity. CONCLUSION: The type and ratio of fertilizer used had a significant impact on the aroma profile of Cabernet Sauvignon grapes.

Nonalcoholic wine (NW) has attracted the interest of winemakers and researchers in recent years, mainly due to the increasing market share of NW (≤ 1% alcohol by volume), the health risks associated with the consumption of wine, the global trend toward healthier lifestyles, and the uncompromising cardioprotective effects of NW. NW can be produced using several methods, particularly, dealcoholization of wines, which is mainly achieved by physical dealcoholization methods. However, the dealcoholization of wine has two major drawbacks. The first drawback is legal since the laws vary according to each country. The second disadvantage is technical since it is difficult to dealcoholize a wine while maintaining its original organoleptic characteristics. Both the aromatic qualities (volatile composition) and taste (sensory characteristics) of the dealcoholized wine (DW) tend to worsen the greater the decrease in its alcoholic strength. This makes the resulting wine have a different flavor and aroma. Improvement of the aroma of DW after dealcoholization could help wine producers limit undesirable effects and increase consumer acceptance. This chapter is focused on the popular techniques used in wine dealcoholization, their impact on the phenolic composition, volatile composition, sensory characteristics, and the state-of-the-art methods of improving the aroma profile of DW.

This study conducted ten freeze-thaw cyclic tests to clarify the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on the forces acting on the buried oil pipeline. The stress evolution in the Q345 steel pipeline versus the number of freeze-thaw cycles was obtained. The test results were consistent with the COMSOL simulation of the effect of different moisture contents on the pipeline bottom stress. Besides the proposed XGBoost model, eleven machine-learning stress prediction models were also applied to 10–20 freeze-thaw cycling tests. The results showed that during the freeze-thaw process, the compressive stress at the pipeline bottom did not exceed −69.785 MPa. After eight freeze-thaw cycles, the extreme value of the principal stress of -252.437MPa, i.e., 73.17% of the yield stress, was reached. When the initial moisture content exceeded 20%, the eighth freeze-thaw cycle’s pipeline stress decreased remarkably. The XGBoost model effectively predicted the pipeline’s principal stress in each cycle of 10 freeze-thaw cyclic tests, with R2 = 0.978, MSE = 0.021, and MAE = 0.102. The above compressive stress fluctuated from −131.226 to −224.105 MPa. The predicted values well matched the experimental ones, being in concert with the “ratcheting effect” predicted by the freeze-thaw cycle theory. The results obtained provide references for the design, operation, and maintenance of buried oil pipelines.

Five new polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), named mesuaferroic acids H, I, J, K and L (1–5), together with mesuaferroic acid C (6) and laxifloranone (7), were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of Mesua ferrea flower. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic techniques including 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS. Compounds 1 and 7 exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and a series of multi-drug resistant Gram-positive clinic isolates and the MIC values ranged from 1.0 –16.0 μg/mL, which indicated that the PPAPs might be a new leading structure in antibiotic research.

This paper reviews the history of the research development on the coupling mechanism of the multiphysical field, e.g., thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM), for frozen soil. The objective is to deepen the current understanding of the theories and mechanism of multiphysical field coupling in the frozen soil and the dynamic changes in the temperature, moisture, and stress fields during soil freezing. A new differential equation of the coupling of temperature field and moisture field is proposed. Based on the DiscreteFrechetDist algorithm, a fitting method of evaluating a curve is proposed. The paper is expected to help understand the soil freezing process in cold regions and enhance the innovativeness of the research methodologies dealing with multifield coupling for the frozen soil.

This study examined the addition of carrot paste (CP) at levels of 3%, 5%, and 10% as a potential antioxidant in frankfurter-type sausages, denoted as F1, F2, and F3. F0, was a control sample with no addition of CP. All formulated samples were stored for 14 days during which their physicochemical, oxidative stability, and sensory properties were evaluated. Results showed that the pH of frankfurter-type sausages was not affected by the addition of CP, however, higher pH values were observed in CP-enriched samples on the first day of production and subsequent storage days. Cooking loss (CL) in frankfurter-type sausages was in the range of 2.20% to 2.87%, with the CP-enriched samples having a lower CL percentage, particularly F3 samples, compared to the control. Protein and fat content were lower in CP-enriched samples, but ash content increased. CP-enriched frankfurter-type sausages recorded significantly higher polyphenol contents compared to the control. Total polyphenol content in CP-enriched samples F1, F2, and F3 was higher throughout storage compared to the control. Lower peroxide values were also recorded in CP-enriched samples F1 (2.5 meq/kg), F2 (2.4 meq/kg), and F3 (2.2 meq/kg) compared to the control (2.9 meq/kg), demonstrating greater 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant activity than the control samples. Formulations treated with 10% CP gained significantly higher scores for color, texture, and overall acceptability. Principal component analysis showed that higher inclusion levels of CP in formulation improved the sensory quality and oxidative stability. In conclusion, CP could be used to enhance the oxidative stability of frankfurter-type sausage without negatively influencing the sensory quality.

This study examined the addition of carrot paste (CP) at levels of 3%, 5%, and 10% as a potential antioxidant in frankfurter-type sausages, denoted as F1, F2, and F3. F0, was a control sample with no addition of CP. All formulated samples were stored for 14 days during which their physicochemical, oxidative stability, and sensory properties were evaluated. Results showed that the pH of frankfurter-type sausages was not affected by the addition of CP, however, higher pH values were observed in CP-enriched samples on the first day of production and subsequent storage days. Cooking loss (CL) in frankfurter-type sausages was in the range of 2.20% to 2.87%, with the CP-enriched samples having a lower CL percentage, particularly F3 samples, compared to the control. Protein and fat content were lower in CP-enriched samples, but ash content increased. CP-enriched frankfurter-type sausages recorded significantly higher polyphenol contents compared to the control. Total polyphenol content in CP-enriched samples F1, F2, and F3 was higher throughout storage compared to the control. Lower peroxide values were also recorded in CP-enriched samples F1 (2.5 meq/kg), F2 (2.4 meq/kg), and F3 (2.2 meq/kg) compared to the control (2.9 meq/kg), demonstrating greater 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant activity than the control samples. Formulations treated with 10% CP gained significantly higher scores for color, texture, and overall acceptability. Principal component analysis showed that higher inclusion levels of CP in formulation improved the sensory quality and oxidative stability. In conclusion, CP could be used to enhance the oxidative stability of frankfurter-type sausage without negatively influencing the sensory quality.

Objective: To test the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D[25(OH)D], interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the severity of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods: A total of 150 patients with suspected myocardial ischemia presenting to our hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were recruited. All patients underwent percutaneous coronary angiography (CAG). According to CAG results, they were divided into normal group (n=40) and CHD group (n=110). According to the coronary Gensini score, CHD patients were divided into 62 cases in the low-risk group (< 20 points), 31 cases in the moderate-risk group (20-40 points), and 17 cases in the high-risk group (> 40 points). The Gensini scores and serum 25(OH)D and IL-6 levels in each group were recorded, and the correlation between the serum 25(OH)D and IL-6 levels and the severity of the disease was analyzed. The Essen Stroke Risk Scale (ESRS) was evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results: The serum 25(OH)D, IL-6 level, and ESRS score in the CHD group and the normal group statistically differed (P < 0.05). In the CHD group, Gensini score, serum IL-6 level and ESRS score increased with the increase of coronary artery stenosis, and 25(OH)D level decreased with the increase of coronary artery stenosis, and all the differences were significant (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that serum IL-6 levels in patients with CHD are positively correlated with the severity of the disease (r=0.724, P < 0.001), and 25(OH)D levels are in a negative relation (r=-0.522, P < 0.001). Conclusion: A decrease of serum 25(OH)D level and increase in IL-6 level in patients with CHD are associated with the severity of CHD. This may provide a reference for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.

Additional file 1: Figure S1. The optical image of PAN fabric. Figure S2. The SEM images of electrospinning derived PAN fibers. Figure S3. The XRD pattern of HPSCs. Figure S4. The reflection loss curves (upper region) and the dependence of matching thickness (tm) on matching frequency (fm) at the wavelength of 1/4λ (lower region) of HPSCs. Figure S5. The complex permeability curves of HPSCs. Figure S6. The attenuation constant of HPSCs. Figure S7. The |Zin/Z0| curve of HPSCs. Table S1. The MA properties of similar Si-based materials

Figure S1. (a): Histological and follicle counting analysis showed comparable dynamics of follicle development in in vitro culture compared with in vivo. Immunofluorescent staining of ovaries at 2 and 7 dpp in vivo, and ovaries that were collected at 2 dpp followed 5 days in vitro culture. Oocytes were stained with DDX4 (red), and nuclei were dyed with a Hoechst counter-stain (blue). Normal follicle distribution was found in both 7 dpp ovaries and cultured ovaries. b and c The total oocytes and activated follicles were quantified. Quantification results showed a comparable number of both total oocytes and activated follicles in ovaries developed in vivo or in vitro (Additional file 10: Individual data values). The experiments were repeated at least three times, and representative images are shown. Scale bars, 50 μm. (PDF 852 kb)

Table S1. Follicle counting results. (DOCX 15 kb)

Figure S3. Suppressing CDC42 activity by ML141 treatment decreased the PI3K signaling activity in fragmented 35 dpp ovaries. (a) Western blot showed that the phosphorylation of FOXO3a and AKT were decreased in ML141-treated ovaries. (b) Nuclear localization of FOXO3a (white arrows) was observed in oocytes of ML141-treated fragmented ovaries indicating suppressed PI3K signaling activity in oocytes of primordial follicles. Oocytes were stained with DDX4 (red). Nuclei were dyed with a Hoechst counter-stain (blue). The experiments were repeated at least three times, and representative images are shown. Scale bars, 50Â Îźm. (PDF 603 kb)

Table S2. List of primers used in qRT-PCR. (DOCX 14 kb)

Table S3. List of antibodies. (DOCX 14 kb)

Figure S6. The survival and development of ovarian follicles were not affected by CDC42 activator treatment. Ovaries were collected at 6 dpp and cultured with or without CDC42 activator for 30 min then transplanted under kidney capsules of ovariectomized adult hosts. After 2 weeks of transplantation, the number of total oocytes in ovaries was quantified. CDC42 activator-treated ovaries showed a comparable number of total oocytes compared to the control (Additional file 10: Individual data values). (PDF 464 kb)

Figure S5. Transfection of CDC42-DN (CDC42T17N) or CDC42-CA (CDC42Q61L) lentivirus constructs disrupts the activation of primordial follicle through regulating PI3K signaling in neonatal ovaries. (a) The ovaries at 1 dpp were transfected with empty lentivirus, lentiviral construct expressing CDC42-DN or CDC42-CA for 2 days in vitro. Green fluorescence from the GFP reporter was observed in ovaries following 2 days of lentiviral infection indicating a satisfactory efficiency of lentivirus transfection. (b) Oocyte counting results showed a comparable number of total oocytes in control, CDC42-DN, and CDC42-CA ovaries after 6 days of treatment. (c and d) Transfection of CDC42-DN and CDC42-CA affected the activity of PI3K signaling in ovaries. CDC42-DN weakened the nucleus-cytoplasm shuttle of FOXO3a (green fluorescence) in the oocytes, whereas CDC42-CA increased the cytoplasmic localization of FOXO3a in transfected ovaries. Oocytes were stained with DDX4 (red). Nuclei were dyed with a Hoechst counter-stain (blue) (c). Immunoblotting results showed that the phosphorylation of FOXO3a and AKT was decreased in CDC42-DN ovaries but increased in CDC42-CA ovaries. Levels of total FOXO3a, AKT, and β-actin were used as internal controls (d). The experiments were repeated at least three times, and representative images are shown. Scale bars, 50 μm. (PDF 842 kb)

A simple qualitative model of dynamic combustion $$\left\{ \begin{gathered} \frac{{\partial (u + qz)}}{{\partial t}} + \frac{{\partial f(u)}}{{\partial x}} = \varepsilon \frac{{\partial ^2 u}}{{\partial x^2 }}, \hfill \\ \frac{{\partial z}}{{\partial t}} = - F(u,z) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right.$$ is considered, where constantq>0 represents the binding energy. The existence and uniqueness of classical solution for the initial value problem and for the first boundary value problem of system (1) are proved and then it is proved that ase→0 classical solutions of the initial value problem of system (1) converge to a pair of limit functions, which is an admissible solution of the initial value problem of system (1) withe=0.

Publisher Summary If fluid flow is accompanied by chemical reaction, then very complicated wave motion phenomena occur. It is an interesting problem as to how a mathematical model can be applied to these phenomena, and one may investigate them by the theory of partial differential equations. Some authors have investigated the travelling wave solutions and some Riemann initial value problems for these problems, but up to now, these investigations are not deep as that for the shock waves. The chapter presents some hypotheses and two definitions of weak solutions: Problem P and Problem Q and discusses the strong discontinuous curve and the Riemann problem.