Search

The use of pesticides for suicide commitment purposes is a major problem. The present study reports a death due to committing suicide using combination of diazinon, Chlorpyrifos, Trifluralin, Fenpropathrin, Pyriproxyfen, and Cypermethrin. It is difficult to diagnose and treat patients poisoned with a combination of pesticides.

This thesis provides new solutions for integrable PV by exploiting nanophotonic principles in nanoscale architectures. It shows a high degree of control over the absorption/transmission spectrum by using optical waveguiding in either nanowires (NW) or thin films. In Chapter 2, we focus on understanding the optical properties of vertically standing semiconductor NWs as promising building blocks for next generation photonics and photovoltaics. In Chapter 3, we explore in detail the potential of semiconductor NW-based solar cells as a powerful and tunable-in-design approach for wavelength-selective semi-transparent solar cells for BIPV. Optical simulations and experimental demonstration of PMDS-embedded NW arrays confirm that by changing diameter and periodicity one can engineer the absorption and transmission spectra of the NW array to provide a broad range of bright colours, semi-transparency and high PV performance. Chapter 4 focuses on ultrathin, high efficiency and flexible Si solar cells as another photonic-based solution to minimize the compromise of high conversion efficiency for aesthetics in solar cells. Here we present a new family of surface texturing, based on correlated disordered hyperuniform patterns, capable of manipulating scattering spectrum of the incident light to be efficiently coupled into the silicon slab optical modes. We experimentally demonstrate 66.5% solar light absorption in free-standing 1um c-Si layers by using these nanotextures. Finally, in Chapter 5, we combine the unique light waveguiding and absorption in vertically standing NWs with k-space engineering given by their arrangement into arrays to increase absorption in an ultra-thin tandem cell beyond the bulk limits. The photonic and design concepts presented here combined with highly-performing PV materials make the intersection between high-efficiency, flexibility, colour-tunability and transparency closer to reality.

Background and aims: Zinc sulfate administered to correct zinc deficiency. Its oral administration has shown serious digestive side effects and sometimes it has led to the lack of use it. The main aim of the present study was to use lipophilic and hydrophilic polymers in the production of sustained release zinc sulfate tablet over an extended period of time. Methods: Sustained release (SR) zinc sulfate tablets were prepared using either lipophilic-based matrix or hydrophilic matrix system or natural polymers by either hot-fusion (HF) granulation or direct compression (DC) method. Physical and chemical features of provided SR tablets including hardness, friability, and weight variation, disintegration time, swelling index, content uniformity and drug release behavior were evaluated. The drug concentration was assayed by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer at 213.8 nm. Results: Most of the prepared formulations showed acceptable physicochemical properties. Among 30 formulations, SR tablets with lipophilic matrix-based showed more predictable release profiles compared to tablets prepared based on hydrophilic or natural matrixes. Tablets containing carnauba wax showed slower release while tablets with hydrogenated castor oil represented faster release profile. A few lipophilic matrix tablets containing zinc sulfate (110 mg), beeswax (or carnauba wax) and Avicel (or Emcompress) were selected as the optimum formulations showing release profiles based on USP criteria for lipophilic-based SR tablets. The mean dissolution time (MDT) and dissolution efficiency (DE8%) of selected formulations were 1.69-1.95 hr and 69.3-71.8%, respectively. Tablet hardness and granule size had no effects on release rate. The drug release kinetic followed the Higuchi model. Conclusion: Lipophilic based SR tablets of zinc sulfate is suggested as an alternative for capsule or syrup of the drug which have digestive side effects.

Background: Adrenergic beta antagonists are not sufficient to prevent atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). This study was designed to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid as an adjunct to beta-blockers in prevention of post-CABG atrial fibrillation Methods: Patients who were more than 50 years old and scheduled to undergo CABG were included if they were treated with beta-blockers at least 1 week before surgery. Patients with previous history of atrial fibrillation, AV block, heart rate

Background: Hospitals have responsibility for responding to legitimate demands for release of health information while protecting the confidentiality of the patient health records. There have always been challenges concerning medical records confidentiality and their disclosure and release type in medical record departments. This study investigated and compared laws and policies of disclosure of health information in Iran and selected countries and tried to identify the differences and the similarities between them. Methods: This is a descriptive and comparative study. The scope of study included related laws and policies of disclosure of health information in selected countries such as United States, Australia, England, Malaysia and Iran. Data were gathered from systematic internet search, library resources and communication with health information professionals. Data analysis was done using comparative tables and qualitative method. Results: Study results showed that legislative institutions of each country have ordained laws and policies concerning disclosure and release of health information and in turn hospitals developed policies and procedures based on these laws. In Iran, however, there are few laws and policies concerning disclosure of health information in the form of formal letters and bylaws. There are no specific written policies and procedures for disclosure of health information in the hospitals. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop legitimate and appropriate laws and policies in different levels for information utilization by hospitals, medical universities and others. Meanwhile in all of the selected countries there are ordained limitations for release of health information for protecting health information in regard to patient rights.

Because adrenergic beta antagonists are not sufficient to prevent atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting, this prospective, randomized trial was designed to evaluate the effects of ascorbic acid as an adjunct to β-blockers.

Buccal mucoadhesive systems among novel drug delivery systems have attracted great attention in recent years due to their ability to adhere and remain on the oral mucosa and to release their drug content gradually. Buccal mucoadhesive films can improve the drug therapeutic effect by enhancement of drug absorption through oral mucosa increasing the drug bioavailability via reducing the hepatic first pass effect. The aim of the current study was to formulate the drug as buccal bioadhesive film, which releases the drug at sufficient concentration with a sustain manner reducing the frequency of the dosage form administration. One of the advantagees of this formulation is better patient compliances due to the ease of administration with no water to swallow the product. The mucoadhesive films of glibenclamide were prepared using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K4M, K15M and Eudragit RL100 polymers and propylene glycol as plasticizer and co-solvent. Films were prepared using solvent casting method, and were evaluated with regard to drug content, thickness, weight variations, swelling index, tensile strength, ex vivo adhesion force and percentage of in vitro drug release. Films with high concentrations of HPMC K4M and K15M did not have favorable appearance and uniformity. The formulations prepared from Eudragit were transparent, uniform, flexible, and without bubble. The highest and the lowest percentages of swelling were observed for the films containing HPMC K15M and Eudragit RL100, respectively. Films made of HPMC K15M had adhesion force higher than those containing Eudragit RL100. Formulations with Eudragit RL100 showed the highest mean dissolution time (MDT). Drug release kinetics of all formulations followed Higuchi's model and the mechanism of diffusion was considered non-Fickian type. It was concluded that formulations containing Eudragit RL100 were more favorable than others with regard to uniformity, flexibility, rate and percentage of drug release.