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To model bio-chemical reaction systems with diffusion one can either use stochastic, microscopic reaction-diffusion master equations or deterministic, macroscopic reaction-diffusion system. The connection between these two models is not only theoretically important but also plays an essential role in applications. This paper considers the macroscopic limits of the chemical reaction-diffusion master equation for first-order chemical reaction systems in highly heterogeneous environments. More precisely, the diffusion coefficients as well as the reaction rates are spatially inhomogeneous and the reaction rates may also be discontinuous. By carefully discretizing these heterogeneities within a reaction-diffusion master equation model, we show that in the limit we recover the macroscopic reaction-diffusion system with inhomogeneous diffusion and reaction rates.

Reactions with enzymes are critical in biochemistry, where the enzymes act as catalysis in the process. One of the most used mechanisms for modeling enzyme-catalyzed reactions is the Michaelis-Menten (MM) kinetic. In the ODE level, i.e. concentrations are only on time-dependent, this kinetic can be rigorously derived from mass action law using quasi-steady-state approximation. This issue in the PDE setting, for instance when molecular diffusion is taken into account, is considerably more challenging and only formal derivations have been established. In this paper, we prove this derivation rigorously and obtain MM kinetic in the presence of spatial diffusion. In particular, we show that, in general, the reduced problem is a cross-diffusion-reaction system. Our proof is based on improved duality method, heat regularisation and a suitable modified energy function. To the best of our knowledge, this work provides the first rigorous derivation of MM kinetic from mass action kinetic in the PDE setting., Comment: Comments are welcome!

Bulk-surface systems on evolving domains are studied. Such problems appear typically from modelling receptor-ligand dynamics in biological cells. Our first main result is the global existence and boundedness of solutions in all dimensions. This is achieved by proving $L^p$-maximal regularity of parabolic equations and duality methods in moving surfaces, which are of independent interest. The second main result is the large time dynamics where we show, under the assumption that the volume/area of the moving domain/surface is unchanged and that the material velocities are decaying for large time, that the solution converges to a unique spatially homogeneous equilibrium. The result is proved by extending the entropy method to bulk-surface systems in evolving domains., 44 pages. Some typos are corrected. Comments are very welcome

Mechanical ventilation can lead to the severe impairment of the metabolic pathway of alveolar surfactants, inactivating alveolar surfactants and significantly reducing lung-chest compliance. The cardiopulmonary function of elderly patients usually reduced to a certain extent, and there are lung complications after surgical anesthesia, just like lung barotrauma caused by mechanical ventilation, atelectasis and postoperative hypoxemia.To investigate the effects of different positive end expiratory pressures (PEEPs) and tidal volumes (VTs) on respiratory function, the degree of the inflammatory response and hemodynamic indexes in patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia.A total of 120 patients undergoing surgery for gastric or colon cancer under general anesthesia in Xinghua People's Hospital from January 2017 to January 2021 were randomly divided into Group A and Group B, with 60 cases in each group. The ventilation mode in Group A was VT (6.0 mL/kg) + PEEP (5.0 cmHThere were no significant differences in PaCOFor patients undergoing surgery for gastric or colon cancer under general anesthesia, the VT (6.0 mL/kg) + PEEP (5.0 cmH

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an antitumor anthracycline, but its clinical use was largely limited by its cardiac toxicity. DOX-induced oxidative damage and cardiomyocyte loss have been recognized as the potential causative mechanisms of this cardiac toxicity. Growing interests are raised on mulberrin (Mul) for its wide spectrum of biological activities, including antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Mul on DOX-induced heart injury and to clarify the underlying mechanism. Mice were given daily 60 mg/kg of Mul via gavage for 10 days. Mice received an intraperitoneal injection of DOX to mimic the model of DOX-related acute cardiac injury at the seventh day of Mul treatment. Mul-treated mice had an attenuated cardiac injured response and improved cardiac function after DOX injection. DOX-induced oxidative damage, inflammation accumulation, and myocardial apoptosis were largely attenuated by the treatment of Mul. Activated protein kinase B (AKT) activation was essential for the protective effects of Mul against DOX-induced cardiac toxicity, and AKT inactivation abolished Mul-mediated protective effects against DOX cardiotoxicity. In conclusion, Mul treatment attenuated DOX-induced cardiac toxicity via activation of the AKT signaling pathway. Mul might be a promising therapeutic agent against DOX-induced cardiac toxicity.

Reaction-diffusion systems with mass dissipation are known to possess blow-up solutions in higher dimensions when the nonlinearities have super quadratic growth rates. In dimension one, it has been shown recently that one can have global existence of bounded solutions if nonlinearities are at most cubic. For the cubic intermediate sum condition, i.e. nonlinearities might have arbitrarily high growth rates, an additional entropy inequality had to be imposed. In this article, we remove this extra entropy assumption completely and obtain global boundedness for reaction-diffusion systems with cubic intermediate sum condition. The novel idea is to show a non-concentration phenomenon for mass dissipating systems, that is the mass dissipation implies a dissipation in a Morrey space $\mathsf{M}^{1,\delta}(\Omega)$ for some $\delta>0$. As far as we are concerned, it is the first time such a bound is derived for mass dissipating reaction-diffusion systems. Extensions include global existence mass controlled systems with slightly-super cubic intermediate sum condition.

Introduction Current consensus recommends a protective effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on relapse after peripheral blood or bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, in cord blood transplantation (CBT), studies of CMV infection, especially CMV viral load, on relapse are limited. Patients and Methods Wct e retrospectively analyzed the effect of CMV infection on 3-year outcomes in 249 AML patients according to CMV DNA load (DNA copies

We study the global existence of classical solutions to volume-surface reaction-diffusion systems with control of mass. Such systems appear naturally from modeling evolution of concentrations or densities appearing both in a volume domain and its surface, and therefore have attracted considerable attention. Due to the characteristic volume-surface coupling, global existence of solutions to general systems is a challenging issue. In particular, the duality method, which is powerful in dealing with mass conserved systems in domains, is not applicable on its own. In this paper, we introduce a new family of $L^p$-energy functions and combine them with a suitable duality method for volume-surface systems, to ultimately obtain global existence of classical solutions under a general assumption called the \textit{intermediate sum condition}. For systems that conserve mass, but do not satisfy this condition, global solutions are shown under a quasi-uniform condition, that is, under the assumption that the diffusion coefficients are close to each other. In the case of mass dissipation, we also show that the solution is bounded uniformly in time by studying the system on each time-space cylinder of unit size, and showing that the solution is sup-norm bounded independently of the cylinder. Applications of our results include global existence and boundedness for systems arising from membrane protein clustering or activation of Cdc42 in cell polarization., 57 pages

The global existence of renormalised solutions and convergence to equilibrium for reaction-diffusion systems with non-linear diffusion are investigated. The system is assumed to have quasi-positive non-linearities and to satisfy an entropy inequality. The difficulties in establishing global renormalised solutions caused by possibly degenerate diffusion are overcome by introducing a new class of weighted truncation functions. By means of the obtained global renormalised solutions, we study the large-time behaviour of complex balanced systems arising from chemical reaction network theory with non-linear diffusion. When the reaction network does not admit boundary equilibria, the complex balanced equilibrium is shown, by using the entropy method, to exponentially attract all renormalised solutions in the same compatibility class. This convergence extends even to a range of non-linear diffusion, where global existence is an open problem, yet we are able to show that solutions to approximate systems converge exponentially to equilibrium uniformly in the regularisation parameter., Comment: 36 pages

We analyze semilinear reaction-diffusion systems that are mass controlled, and have nonlinearities that satisfy critical growth rates. The systems under consideration are only assumed to satisfy natural assumptions, namely the preservation of non-negativity and a control of the total mass. It is proved in dimension one that if nonlinearities have (slightly super-) cubic growth rates then the system has a unique global classical solutions. Moreover, in the case of mass dissipation, the solution is bounded uniformly in time in sup-norm. One key idea in the proof is the H\"older continuity of gradient of solutions to parabolic equation with possibly discontinuous diffusion coefficients and low regular forcing terms. When the system possesses additionally an entropy inequality, the global existence and boundedness of a unique classical solution is shown for nonlinearities satisfying a cubic intermediate sum condition, which is a significant generalization of cubic growth rates. The main idea in this case is to combine a modified Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality and the newly developed $L^p$-energy method in \cite{morgan2021global,fitzgibbon2021reaction}. This idea also allows us to deal with the case of discontinuous diffusion coefficients in higher dimensions, which has \blue{only recently been touched} in the context of mass controlled reaction-diffusion systems., Comment: Title is changed, minor typos and misprints are corrected. Accepted in Journal of Evolution Equations

The global existence of weak solutions to a class of quasilinear parabolic equations with nonlinearities depending on first order terms and integrable data in a moving domain is investigated. The class includes the $p$-Laplace equation as a special case. Weak solutions are shown to be global by obtaining appropriate estimates on the gradient as well as a suitable version of Aubin-Lions lemma in moving domains., accepted in Nonlinear Analysis (2020)

Man-Yu Dong, Bao-Lin Tang, Xiao-Yu Zhu, Si-Qi Cheng, Xin-Chen Fang, Juan Tong, Xiang Wan, Chang-Cheng Zheng, Hui-Lan Liu, Zi-Min Sun Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Zi-Min SunDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, No. 17, Lujiang Road, Hefei, Anhui 230001, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 551 6228 2992Fax +86 551 6228 2121Email zmsun_vip@163.comIntroduction: Current consensus recommends a protective effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on relapse after peripheral blood or bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, in cord blood transplantation (CBT), studies of CMV infection, especially CMV viral load, on relapse are limited.Patients and Methods: Wct e retrospectively analyzed the effect of CMV infection on 3-year outcomes in 249 AML patients according to CMV DNA load (DNA copies < 1000/mL and DNA copies ≧1000/mL) within 100 days after CBT. Furthermore, eight-colour flow cytometry was used to detect peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in 38 patients who received CBT in the last year, and 10 healthy volunteers were included as controls.Results: The results showed that CMV DNA load did not affect the cumulative incidence of relapse in the whole study population. However, in patients with complete remission status before transplantation, the high CMV DNA load group showed a significantly reduction of relapse than the low CMV DNA load group (3.9% vs 14.6%, p=0.012, respectively), which was confirmed by multivariate analysis (HR 0.23; 95% CI, 0.07– 0.73, p = 0.012). Surprisingly, high or low CMV DNA load did not significantly affect non-relapse mortality or overall survival (18.0% vs 17.0%, p=0.777 and 79.0% vs 74.6%, p=0.781, respectively). Besides, the absolute number of CD8+ T cells were increased in the high CMV DNA load group compared with the low DNA load group 1 month after CBT (0.20× 10 9/L vs 0.10× 10 9/L, p=0.021, respectively).Conclusion: DNA copies ≧1000/mL for AML patients in complete remission was associated with a lower incidence of relapse after CBT, which might partly result from the expansion of CMV-related CD8+ T cells.Keywords: cord blood transplantation, cytomegalovirus, DNA load, relapse, acute myeloid leukemia, complete remission

We consider a system of reaction-diffusion equations including chemotaxis terms and coming out of the modeling of multiple sclerosis. The global existence of strong solutions to this system in any dimension is proved, and it is also shown that the solution is bounded uniformly in time. Finally, a nonlinear stability result is obtained when the chemotaxis term is not too big. We also perform numerical simulations to show the appearance of Turing patterns when the chemotaxis term is large., Comment: 3 figures

Background Transcutaneous stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (AB-VNS) is a potentially noninvasive, inexpensive, and safe approach for vagus nerve stimulation that suppresses the induction and duration of atrial fibrillation and reduces sympathetic nerve outflow in healthy humans. Researchers have not determined whether AB-VNS affects ventricular arrhythmias. Objective To evaluate the antiarrhythmic effects of noninvasive AB-VNS on ventricular arrhythmias induced by myocardial infarction (MI). Methods and results Twelve beagle dogs were randomly divided into the following two groups: a AB-VNS group (coronary artery occlusion and noninvasive AB-VNS) and a control group (coronary artery occlusion but without AB-VNS). We examined spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias, ventricular electrophysiological properties, and cardiac function in conscious dogs. Morphology, fibrosis, and ultrastructures were also assessed. AB-VNS significantly reduced the occurrence of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias, including isolated premature ventricular complexes, ventricular couplets, ventricular bigeminy, ventricular trigeminy, and ventricular tachycardia. AB-VNS effectively increased ventricular electrical stability, including significantly prolonged ventricular effective refractory periods, decreased the dispersion of effective refractory period, enhanced the ventricular fibrillation threshold, and decreased the maximum slope of the monophasic action potential duration restitution curve. AB-VNS treatments alleviate ventricular interstitial fibrosis after MI. However, cardiac function was not improved, and MI-induced ultrastructural changes in the myocardium were not reversed by 4 weeks of AB-VNS. In addition, AB-VNS for 4 weeks resulted in mild mitochondrial swelling within the neuronal axons of the auricular vagus fiber. Conclusions Noninvasive AB-VNS reduces the occurrence of spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias in conscious dogs with MI. AB-VNS increases ventricular electrical stability and alleviates ventricular interstitial fibrosis induced by MI.

The convergence to equilibrium of renormalized solutions to reaction-cross-diffusion systems in a bounded domain under no-flux boundary conditions is studied. The reactions model complex balanced chemical reaction networks coming from mass-action kinetics and thus do not obey any growth condition, while the diffusion matrix is of cross-diffusion type and hence nondiagonal and neither symmetric nor positive semi-definite, but the system admits a formal gradient-flow or entropy structure. The diffusion term generalizes the population model of Shigesada, Kawasaki and Teramoto to an arbitrary number of species. By showing that any renormalized solution satisfies the conservation of masses and a weak entropy-entropy production inequality, it can be proved under the assumption of no boundary equilibria that {\it all} renormalized solutions converge exponentially to the complex balanced equilibrium with a rate which is explicit up to a finite dimensional inequality., The convergence of $I_6(M)$ is corrected

We consider semi-linear classical damped wave models with time-dependent speed of propagation and time-dependent dissipation. The right-hand side is a power nonlinearity which can be interpreted only as a source term. We are interested in the interplay of time-dependent coefficients on the global existence of small data solutions. The considerations are divided into two cases depending on the behavior of the propagation speed: the super-exponential and the sub-exponential case. In this paper we study the super-exponential case. One main tool of our approach is the use of Matsumura type estimates for a family of Cauchy problems depending on a parameter.

The large-time asymptotics of weak solutions to Maxwell--Stefan diffusion systems for chemically reacting fluids with different molar masses and reversible reactions are investigated. The diffusion matrix of the system is generally neither symmetric nor positive definite, but the equations admit a formal gradient-flow structure which provides entropy (free energy) estimates. The main result is the exponential decay to the unique equilibrium with a rate that is constructive up to a finite-dimensional inequality. The key elements of the proof are the existence of a unique detailed-balanced equilibrium and the derivation of an inequality relating the entropy and the entropy production. The main difficulty comes from the fact that the reactions are represented by molar fractions while the conservation laws hold for the concentrations. The idea is to enlarge the space of $n$ partial concentrations by adding the total concentration, viewed as an independent variable, thus working with $n+1$ variables. Further results concern the existence of global bounded weak solutions to the parabolic system and an extension of the results to complex-balanced systems.

We propose and evaluate six different methods by using the fusion of 2D radar and passive sensors to track the 3D target in Cartesian coordinates. The evaluated results of these methods are examined in various metrics to confirm the stability and accuracy of algorithms. In this paper, numerical simulation and mathematical expressions are presented to expose that the estimation in our model are equivalent to those ones in fusion of 3D radar and IR sensor also.

To investigate the species and hosts ofThe snails, crabs and stools of wild cats were collected for the examinations of cercariae, metacercariae and eggs ofA total of 4 890The data suggest that there is a focus of middle-to-high level of infection caused by

Table S1. Experimental design and responses of PBD. Table S2. Experimental design and responses of BBD. Table S3. Regression analysis of BBD. Figure S1. Response surface curves showing the interface of the medium capacity, culture temperature, and fermentation time. (DOCX 667 kb)

The close-to-equilibrium regularity of solutions to a class of reaction-diffusion systems is investigated. The considered systems typically arise from chemical reaction networks and satisfy a complex balanced condition. Under some restrictions on spatial dimensions ($d\leq 4$) and order of nonlinearities ($\mu = 1 + 4/d$), we show that if the initial data is close to a complex balanced equilibrium in $L^2$-norm, then classical solutions are shown global and converging exponentially to equilibrium in $L^{\infty}$-norm. Possible extensions to higher dimensions and order of nonlinearities are also discussed. The results of this paper improve the recent work [M.J. C\'aceres and J.A. Ca\~nizo, Nonlinear Analysis: TMA 159 (2017): 62-84].

In this article, based on a combined chemical mechanism with detailed ethanol oxidization and NO production mechanisms, a single cylinder ethanol HCCI engine model was established using the software CHEMKIN. Comparing with experimental data, this model can well predict cylinder pressure and NO emission. By changing mole fraction of hydrogen peroxide in initial ethanol mixture at different conditions, the effect of hydrogen peroxide additive on ethanol HCCI engine performance was investigated. The results show that hydrogen peroxide can effectively improve cylinder pressure and advance heat release progress, without notably increasing NO production.

We consider energy estimates for second order homogeneous hyperbolic equations with time dependent coefficients. The property of energy conservation, which holds in the case of constant coefficients, does not hold in general for variable coefficients; in fact, the energy can be unbounded as t → ∞ in this case. The conditions to the coefficients for the generalized energy conservation (GEC), which is an equivalence of the energy uniformly with respect to time, has been studied precisely for wave type equations, that is, only the propagation speed is variable. However, it is not true that the same conditions to the coefficients conclude (GEC) for general homogeneous hyperbolic equations. The main purpose of this paper is to give additional conditions to the coefficients which provide (GEC); they will be called as Ck-type Levi conditions due to the essentially same meaning of usual Levi condition for the well-posedness of weakly hyperbolic equations.

We consider two volume-surface reaction-diffusion systems arising from cell biology. The first system describes the localisation of the protein Lgl in the asymmetric division of Drosophila SOP stem cells, while the second system models the JAK2/STAT5 signalling pathway. Both model systems have in common that i) different species are located in different spatial compartments, ii) the involved chemical reaction kinetics between the species satisfies a complex balance condition and iii) that the associated complex balance equilibrium is spatially inhomogeneous. By using recent advances on the entropy method for complex balanced reaction-diffusion systems, we show for both systems exponential convergence to the equilibrium with constants and rates, which can be explicitly estimated., Comment: 17 pages

A microplate chemiluminescence enzyme immonoassay with high sensitivity for the quantitative analysis of free prostate specific antigen (f-PSA) in human serum was established. The immunoassay utilized alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as the labeled enzyme, and the highly sensitive ALP-AMPPD (4-methoxy-4-(3"-phosphate-phenyl)-spiro-(1, 2-dioxetane-3, 2'-adamantane)) chemiluminescence reaction as the detection system. Several physicochemical parameters such as incubation time, immunoreaction sequence, and detection time were studied and optimized. A one-step sandwiched reaction mode was applied with incubation at 37 degrees C for 2 h and chemiluminescent detection with 50 mu L AMPPD for 30-80 min. The linear range of the proposed method for f-PSA was 0.15-20 mu g/L with r = 0.998. The detection limit was 0. 0 1 mu g/L. Inter-assay and intra-assay RSD were both below 7%. The recovery was 88%-108%. The cross-reactivity of six normal tumor markers in human serum, including CA50, CA125, CA15-3, CA242, CEA and AFP, was studied. It was shown that this method exhibited high specificity to f-PSA. The stability of the method was evaluated by identifying its analytical performance after stored at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C for 3, 5, 7 days with RSD lower than 6% and correlation coefficient higher than 0. 998, which showed satisfied reliability and stability. Compared with CLIA kit purchased from Monobind. Inc. USA, there was a good correlation between the two methods. The proposed method has shown great potential in the clinical analysis of f-PSA for prostate cancer diagnosis, as well as in the commercial kits development.

Background: The aim of this study was to reveal the association between Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene mutations (C677T, A1298C and C1317T) and risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Han and Uyghur population in Xinjiang. Material and method: We conducted a case control study composed of 246 cases, including 86 Uyghur and 160 Han ethnic diagnosed VTE were admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2008 to December 2012, and 292 population including 122 Uyghur ethnic and 170 Han ethnic were studied as controls. To detect the polymorphism of MTHFR gene C677T, A1298T, and C1317T, Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was applied. Fluorescence polarization immunoassay was adopted to determine the plasma levels Homocysteine (Hcy), folic acid and vitaminB12 (VitB12). The association of the polymorphism of MTHFR and levels Hcy, folic acid and VitB12 with VTE was analyzed. Results: The MTHFR gene C677T genotypes distribution in Uyghur VTE patients and control groups were: TT (27.91% vs. 12.29%), CT (41.86% vs. 52.46%) and CC (30.23% vs. 35.25%), respectively; and in Han VTE patients and control groups were: TT (27.49% vs. 14.71%), CT (44.38% vs. 53.53%) and CC (28.13% vs. 31.76%), respectively, and there were significant differences in TT genotype of MTHFRC677T between VTE patients and controls in both Uyghur and Han ethnic (Uyghur: x2=8.070, P=0.005; Han: x2=8.159, P=0.004). However, there were no significant differences in the MTHFR gene A1298T and C1317T genotyping distribution frequency in Uygur and Han ethnic between VTE patients and controls (P>0.05). Plasma levels of Hcy in MTHFR gene TT genotype were statistically higher than CT and CC genotype (P

The relationship between the transported ion current and the cathodic arc current is determined in a vacuum arc plasma source equipped with a curved magnetic filter. Our results suggest that the outer and inner walls of the duct interact with the plasma independently. The duct magnetic field is a critical factor of the plasma output. The duct transport efficiency is to maximize at a value of bias plate voltage in the range +10 V to +20 V and independent (within our limit of measurement) of the magnetic field strength in the duct. The plasma flux is composed of two components: a diffusion flux in the transverse direction due to particle collisions and a drift flux due to the ion inertia. The inner wall of the magnetic duct sees only the diffusion flux while the outer wall receives both fluxes. Thus, applying a positive potential to the outer duct wall can reflect the ions and increase the output current. Our experimental data also show that biasing both sides of the duct is more effective than biasing the outer wall alone.

The performance and characteristics of a cathodic arc deposition apparatus consisting of a titanium cathode, an anode with and without a tungsten mesh, and a coil producing a focusing magnetic field between the anode and cathode are investigated. The arc voltage Va is measured with a fixed arc current. The relationship between Va and the magnetic field B with and without a mesh is obtained. In addition, the relationship between the arc current Ia and Vc, the voltage to which the artificial transmission line was charged, is measured with and without the mesh to determine the minimum ignition voltage for the arc. The arc resistance increases with the focusing magnetic strength B and decreases when using the mesh. Our results indicate that the high transparency and large area of the mesh allows a high plasma flux to penetrate the anode from the cathodic arc. The mesh also stabilizes the cathodic arc and gives better performance when used in concert with a focusing magnetic field. PACC: 5275; 5230; 5280; 2925

The aim of this paper is to understand the influence of the interplay between a time-dependent increasing speed of propagation and a timedependent coefficient in the dissipation on qualitative properties of solutions to the wave model $$u_{tt}-a^2(t)\bigtriangleup\mathrm{u}+ b(t)u_t=0,\,u(0,x)=u_1(x),u_{t}(0,x)=u_{2}(x).$$ Our considerations are focused to energy estimates. The main difficulty is to find a good description of non-effective and effective dissipations depending on a given speed of propagation. The obtained energy estimates are optimal as special examples will show. At the end we will sketch very briefly how to get scattering and over-damping results. So, we propose a classification of different damping terms which is motivated by the thesis of J. Wirth for the case \(a\equiv1\)

The main goal of our thesis is to understand qualitative properties of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the semi-linear wave model with time-dependent speed and dissipation. We greatly benefited from very precise estimates for the corresponding linear problem in order to obtain the global existence (in time) of small data solutions. This reason motivated us to introduce very carefully a complete description for classification of our models: scattering, non-effective, effective, over-damping. We have considered those separately.

We realize quasi-periodic dynamics of a quantum walker over 2.5 quasi-periods by realizing the walker as a single photon passing through a quantum-walk optical-interferometer network. We introduce fully controllable polarization-independent phase shifters in each optical path to realize arbitrary site-dependent phase shifts, and we employ large clear-aperture beam displacers, while maintaining high-visibility interference, to enable reaching 10 quantum-walk steps. By varying the half-wave-plate setting, we control the quantum-coin bias thereby observing a transition from quasi-periodic dynamics to ballistic diffusion., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures

In order to improve effect of weak signal de-noising, an improved threshold de-noising function based on the characteristics of soft-threshold function and hard-threshold function which are used to estimate wavelet coefficients is proposed in this paper. This new function can obtain better threshold, which is between the hard threshold and soft threshold by adjusting the parameters. It not only overcomes the disadvantage of the segmentation of hard-threshold function effectively, but also solves the constant deviation and discontinuous derivative of soft-threshold function. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.

This paper proposes an improved blind separation algorithm based on natural gradient. The traditional natural gradient algorithm is improved by a suitable nonlinear activation function and auto-adaptive step length. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm can be shown in the simulation of speech signals separation.

The losses of power transmission and distribution reach up to 7% of electric power output in our country, which decrease the electric utilization ratio and cause enormous waste of electrical power. As a great energy consumer in transmission and distribution industry, it has been urgent affairs to reduce transformer losses for our energy-saving work. With the development of transformer manufacturing technology, amorphous core transformers have replaced present massively-used SII and the under series of transformers, which have become a hot subject discussed in the field. This paper, based on theoretical analysis and TOC, systematically and thoroughly diagnoses the energy saving potential of Nanning transformers through investigating the transformer service conditions in 6 counties and 6 districts in Nanning and offers data support and decision basis for the government's large scale extension of amorphous core transformers.

"Pyran copolymers" (DIVEMA, FMA and FMAHA), a category of known synthetic polyanions, were found to be potent inhibitors of purified DNA topoisomerase I from human spleen in vitro. DIVEMA, FMA and FMAHA com pletely inhibit the relaxing activity of the topoisomerase I at concentrations of 0.09, 0.6 and 0.5 μg/ml, respectively. The inhibition is reversible. When the substrate (supercoiled plamid PBR322 DNA) and the enzyme are increased to 2 or 3 fold of the initial amount the inhibition is partly overcome. The inhibi tion is specific; they do not inhibit the uncoupling activity of DNA topoiso merase II at a concentration of 100 μg/ml, nor do they inhibit the digesting ac tivity of DNase I at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml.

A Monte Carlo computer simulation code has been developed to describe the behavior of incident particles and the growth of (TiMo) N films in the multicomponent ion beam enhanced deposition process, which combines bombardment with a multicomponent ion beam of N + +Mo + and sputter deposition of a Ti film. The film composition profile and intermixed layer between the substrate and the film were studied using a computer simulation method. It is shown that Mo ion implantation has a stronger mixing effect in the film–substrate interface than does N ion implantation. The N profile of the computer simulation conforms to that of the Auger electron spectroscopy results.

The key technologies of SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system in manufacturing enterprises, such as the database and client server structure, are discussed in this paper. The realization of the system is also given. Finally, the authors forecast the development trend in this field.

Objectives To investigate the molecular basis of L-type calcium channel in adult and aged canine. Methods Two groups of mongrels were investigated: seven adult and ten-year-old canines. The effective refractory period (ERP) of HRA, coronary sinus proximal (CSp), coronary sinus distal (CSd), left atrial appendage (LAA), right atrial appendage (RAA), left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV), left inferior pulmonary vein (LIPV), right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) and right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV) were measured in sequence at an atrial pacing of S1S2. We measured the mRNA gene and protein expression levels of L-type calcium channel α1 subunit (CaV1.2), sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SECRA2), Calpain-I, ryanodine receptor (RyR2) in atrial myocardial tissue from two groups. Results The ERP of RAA and CSp were significantly longer in the aged than in the adult dogs (p

Purpose The present study aims to investigate the molecular basis of L-type voltage dependent calcium channel (LVDCC) in adult and aged canine. Methods The action potential duration (APD 90 ), amplitude of action potential plateau, I Ca-L peak current density were of LVDCC, recorded by patch clamp technique. The mRNA gene and protein expression levels of α1c subunit (CaV1.2), sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ -ATPase (SECRA 2 ), Calpain-I, ryanodine receptor (RyR 2 ) were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results I Ca-L peak current density was (−14.04±0.82 pA/pF), in adult group compared with (−8.11±0.54 pA/pF, p 90 ) of aged group was significantly decreased. The mRNA gene expression levels of CaV1.2 was significantly lower in the aged dogs (0.9±0.35) than in the adult dogs (2.38±0.4, p 2 was significantly higher in the aged dogs (4.39±4.68) than in the adult dogs (1.49±1.69, p 2 and calpain I in two groups; The protein expression levels of CaV1.2 were significantly lower in the aged dogs than in the adult dogs (0.13±0.10 vs 0.29±0.12, p 2 was significantly higher in the aged dogs than in the adult dogs (0.18±0.21 vs 0.08±0.36, p 2 and Calpain I in two groups. Conclusion These data suggest that the change of mRNA and protein expression of CaV1.2 and RYR 2 of LVDCC may serve as the molecular basis of I Ca-L remodeling respectively in aged dogs. This plays an important role in the predisposition to developing atrial fibrillation (AF) due to ageing.

2 μm InGaSb/AlGaAsSb strained quantum wells and a tellurium-doped GaSb buffer layer were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The growth parameters of strained quantum wells were optimized by AFM, XRD and PL at 77 K. The optimal growth temperature of quantum wells is 440 °C. The PL peak wavelength of quantum wells at 300 K is 1.98 μm, and the FWHM is 115 nm. Tellurium-doped GaSb buffer layers were optimized by Hall measurement. The optimal doping concentration is 1.127 × 1018 cm−3 and the resistivity is 5.295 × 10−3 Ω·cm.

Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) and CPVI combined with complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods Data from 112 patients who underwent CPVI and CPVI combined with CFAEs ablation in our hospitals were collected. Results The mean total procedure times were (112±47 min vs 136±54 min) for CPVI and CPVI combined CFAEs ablation. The mean total fluoroscopy times were (34±18 min vs 40±12 min) CPVI and CPVI combined CFAEs ablation. There was no difference in pulmonary vein isolation in CPVI and CPVI combined CFAEs ablation (44±12 min vs 46±9 min, p=0.52). During a mean follow-up of 36 months, the procedure success rate (73.9% vs 66.7%, 65.2% vs 62.1%, 58.7.% vs 57.6%, p Conclusion CPVI and CPVI combined CFAEs ablation are safe and effective for treatment of AF. CPVI combined CFAEs ablation was better than CPVI in attaining stable sinus rhythm in the majority of patients during up to 36 months of follow-up.