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Objective: To investigate the relationship between E-cadherin, Beta-catenin, N-cadherin, ZEB1 and αSMA as eithelial mesenchymal transformation markers with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis (LNM) and overall survival (OS) in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (LSCC). Material and method: A total of 100 cases diagnosed with LSCC in our hospital between 2013-2020 were included in the study. Data about lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), necrosis and LNM were recorded by evaluating hematoxylin- eosin stained slides. Markers of E-cadherin, beta-catenin, N-cadherin, ZEB1 and αSMA were applied to the sections prepared from paraffin blocks of tumor samples. Results: Ninety-five male and five female patients were included in the study, and 38 of them exited. The average OS time of the cases was 35.8 months. A significant relationship was observed between OS with advanced tumor stage, presence of LNM and PNI. A significant relationship was found between increased tumor Zeb1 expression and advanced tumor stage. In univariate and multivariate analyses, a significant negative relationship with OS, and increased Zeb1 expression in tumor and tumor stroma was seen. Any relationship was not observed between E-cadherin, beta-catenin, N-cadherin and αSMA and OS. , Conclusion Among the EMT markers we evaluated in our study, it was seen that Zeb1, which is an EMT transcription factor, is associated with tumor stage, LNM, and OS. Remarkably, Zeb1 expression observed in tumor stroma was also significant for OS. Any similar data reported for LSCCs have not been encountered in the literature, and it was thought that it would be appropriate to support our findings with further studies to be performed on this subject.

Purpose: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the impact of HA–CS–NAG compound (hyaluronate, sodium chondroitin sulfate, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) on the quality of repair tissue after micro-fracture and to compare it with HA (hyaluronat), in a rat full-thickness chondral defect model. Methods: Full-thickness chondral defects were created in a non-weight bearing area by using a handle 2.7-mm drill bit, in the right knees of 33 Sprague–Dawley rats. Each specimen then underwent micro-fracture using a needle. Two weeks after surgery, 3 groups were randomly formed among the rats (n = 33). In Group 1, 0.2 mL of sterile saline solution (0.9%) was injected. In Group 2, 0.2 mL HA with a mean molecular weight of 1.2 Mda was injected. In Group 3, 0.2 mL of HA–CS–NAG compound (hyaluronate, sodium chondroitin sulfate, N-acetyl-d-glucosamine) was injected. The injections were applied on the 14th, the 21st and the 28th postoperative days. All rats were sacrificed on the 42nd postoperative day. Histological analysis of the repair tissue was performed for each specimen by two blinded observers using Wakitani scoring system. Results: There was significantly improved repair tissue in both Group 3 and Group 2 when compared with Group 1. Group 3 showed statistically significant improvement in terms of ‘cell morphology’ and ‘integration of donor with host’ when compared to Group 2 (p