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Objectives/Interrogation: The advances of reconstructive microsurgery in orthopaedic surgery provided better functional and aesthetic results and prevented many indications of amputations. The indications of free flaps for the treatment of traumatized extremity is increasing, including, open wounds,[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 14th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand (IFSSH), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT), 11th Triennial Congress of the International Federation of Societies for Hand Therapy (IFSHT)

We investigated macroscopic quantum tunneling (MQT) of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_y$ intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) with two device structures. One is a nanometer-thick small mesa structure with only two or three IJJs and the other is a stack of a few hundreds of IJJs on a narrow bridge structure. Experimental results of switching current distribution for the first switching events from zero-voltage state showed a good agreement with the conventional theory for a single Josephson junction, indicating that a crossover temperature from thermal activation to MQT regime for the former device structure was as high as that for the latter device structure. Together with the observation of multiphoton transitions between quantized energy levels in MQT regime, these results strongly suggest that the observed MQT behavior is intrinsic to a single IJJ in high-$T_c$ cuprates, independent of device structures. The switching current distribution for the second switching events from the first resistive state, which were carefully distinguished from the first switchings, was also compared between two device structures. In spite of the difference in the heat transfer environment, the second switching events for both devices were found to show a similar temperature-independent behavior up to a much higher temperature than the crossover temperature for the first switching. We argue that it cannot be explained in terms of the self-heating owing to dissipative currents after the first switching. As possible candidates, the MQT process for the second switching and the effective increase of electronic temperature due to quasiparticle injection are discussed., Comment: 10pages, 7figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B

As macrophages spread on an immune complex-coated surface, large, clear basal vacuoles and numerous coated vesicles and tubules form rapidly and are occasionally contiguous with the adherent surface, creating a microcompartment between the immune complex-coated surface and the cell membrane. The present study explored the nature of this basal compartment by examining the distribution of a major secretory product of macrophages, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and of a lysosomal enzyme, acid phosphatase, by enzyme and immunocytochemistry. Upon contact of the macrophages with the immune complexes, intracellular stores of ApoE were secreted rapidly in the first 10 to 20 minutes to the area of ligand-receptor interaction. ApoE filled the large basal vacuoles and was also found in invaginations on the adherent surface that were sealed to the influx of proteins and peptides from the bulk medium. In contrast, the contents of lysosomes were not redistributed to the basal compartment. By 2 hours most of the ApoE had appeared in the bulk medium, suggesting that the protein could move out of the basal compartment. These data suggest that specific ligand-Fc receptor interactions serve to target secretion by macrophages to selective focal areas of contact, and that there are also mechanisms for retrieval of material from these sites.