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Background. Metal hypersensitivity is a rare complication after total hip arthroplasty (THA), and no reliable diagnostic method for metal hypersensitivity to orthopedic metal implants has yet been established. Case report. A 57-year-old woman underwent hemiarthroplasty using a metal implant despite a skin allergy to metal jewelry. Two years after surgery, the patient developed early hemiarthroplasty failure and refractory erythema. Although the patient was clinically suspected to have a hypersensitivity to metal, the preoperative screening test was negative, and patient underwent revision surgery with cemented THA. Postoperatively, the erythema as well as her hip pain disappeared completely. Conclusion. Patients with clinically suspected metal hypersensitivity should undergo primary and revision total hip arthroplasty using hypoallergenic implants regardless of preoperative screening results.

Registration of partial view intra-operative ultrasound (US) to pre-operative MRI is an essential step in image-guided minimally invasive surgery. In this paper, we present an automatic, landmark-free 3D multimodal registration of pre-operative MRI to 4D US (high-refresh-rate 3D-US) for enabling guidance in knee arthroscopy. We focus on the problem of initializing registration in the case of partial views. The proposed method utilizes a pre-initialization step of using the automatically segmented structures from both modalities to achieve a global geometric initialization. This is followed by computing distance maps of the procured segmentations for registration in the distance space. Following that, the final local refinement between the MRI-US volumes is achieved using the LC2 (Linear correlation of linear combination) metric. The method is evaluated on 11 cases spanning six subjects, with four levels of knee flexion. A best-case error of 1.41 mm and 2.34∘ and an average registration error of 3.45 mm and 7.76∘ is achieved in translation and rotation, respectively. An inter-observer variability study is performed, and a mean difference of 4.41 mm and 7.77∘ is reported. The errors obtained through the developed registration algorithm and inter-observer difference values are found to be comparable. We have shown that the proposed algorithm is simple, robust and allows for the automatic global registration of 3D US and MRI that can enable US based image guidance in minimally invasive procedures.

Case. A 20-year-old woman with severe subluxation of the hip displayed a leg length discrepancy of approximately 20 mm. The proposed treatment was a spherical periacetabular osteotomy (SPO) for joint preservation and postoperative leg length maintenance. SPO is a novel periacetabular osteotomy procedure. At her 3-year follow-up, the patient had functional, pain-free motion and high satisfaction. In this case, the SPO technique was able to achieve satisfactory clinical results without further exacerbating the leg length discrepancy after surgery.

Knee arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical (MIS) procedure which is performed to treat knee-joint ailment. Lack of visual information of the surgical site obtained from miniaturized cameras make this surgical procedure more complex. Knee cavity is a very confined space; therefore, surgical scenes are captured at close proximity. Insignificant context of knee atlas often makes them unrecognizable as a consequence unintentional tissue damage often occurred and shows a long learning curve to train new surgeons. Automatic context awareness through labeling of the surgical site can be an alternative to mitigate these drawbacks. However, from the previous studies, it is confirmed that the surgical site exhibits several limitations, among others, lack of discriminative contextual information such as texture and features which drastically limits this vision task. Additionally, poor imaging conditions and lack of accurate ground-truth labels are also limiting the accuracy. To mitigate these limitations of knee arthroscopy, in this work we proposed a scene segmentation method that successfully segments multi structures.

Rationale: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) concomitant with subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy for Crowe type IV dysplastic hip has been reported. However, the combination of subtrochanteric femoral osteotomy and revision THA has only been mentioned in one case report. Patient concerns: A 67-year-old female had a history of congenital dislocation of both hips. Diagnoses: Right hip was diagnosed the aseptic loosening of THA with extremely high replacement of the acetabular component. Interventions: Revision THA concomitant with subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy using a cement stem was performed. Before the revision surgery, primary THA with subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy was performed on the opposite side. Regarding leg length, the actual leg length of the affected side was 9 mm longer, and the subjective leg length discrepancy was 45 mm shorter in the affected limb due to pelvic obliquity. Subtrochanteric osteotomy was performed with an amount of osteotomy equal to the amount of distal translation of the hip center to the original acetabulum. Outcomes: As a result, pelvic obliquity improved, and the subjective leg length discrepancy disappeared after revision surgery. Lessons: The combination of subtrochanteric femoral shortening osteotomy with revision THA resulted in a satisfactory outcome.

В работе использовали пучок отрицательных ионов Au- и высокотемпературный отжиг для рекристализации структуры рентгеноаморфного AlN-TiB2-TiSi2, имеющего характерные размеры областей ближнего упорядочения 0.8-1 нм. В результате высокотемпературного отжига и последующей ионной имплантации близко к поверхностному слою образуется три характерных зоны. Первая с ионнолегированным слоем золота Au, на глубине 0-40 нм, с межплоскостным расстоянием 0.244 нм, 0.210 нм соответствует некоторому увеличенному межплоскостному расстоянию плоскостей решеток золота (111) и (200) соответственно. Вторая с аморфноподобным структурным состоянием, с характерным галообразным типом микродифракции, на глубине 40-100 нм от поверхности. Третья с кристаллическим структурным состоя-нием, в этой зоне обнаружена неоднородная фаза на глубине 100-130 нм. Прямые измерения TEM, HRTEM, XRD и SEM с миикроанализом показали, что термический отжиг при 1300ºС на воздухе приводит к образованию наноразмерных фаз 10-15 нм из AlN, AlB2, Al2O3 и TiO2, а ионная имплантация отрицательных ионов Au- приводит к фрагментации (уменьшению) размеров нанозерен до 2-5 нм с образованием нанокристаллитов из Au шаровой формы размером в несколько нм и формированию аморфной оксидной пленки в глубине (приповерхностном слое) покрытия за сет баллистического ионного перемешивания и каскадов столкновений.

ACWは団体交渉ならびに仲裁のシステムを創出して、産業民主制を確立し、混沌とした紳士服産業に秩序をもたらした。だが、雇用主の専制的で恣意的な行動を阻止した規則なり手続きは、皮肉にも、労働者の自律的で自発的な行動を封じ込めるものでもあり、産業民主制は労働者の権利と尊厳を保証したが、同時に彼らを束縛もしたのである。紳士服産業は小規模経営が支配的で、企業間競争が激しかったために、組合企業が非組合企業との競争に勝ち、組合員の職と組合墓準が確保されるためには、ACWはどうしても生産性向上と効率化に協力せざるを得ず、科学的管理を受容した。しかしながら、ACWの場合、この資本との「協調」は経営の領域への組合権力の浸透を意味していた。ACWは経営権の蚕食を通じて生産を実質的に支配し、企業と産業の共同管理を現実のものにしようとしたのである。ただし、生産効率の上昇が労働者の条件改善を可能にすると考えた限りにおいて、ACWによるこの蚕食は資本にとって許容できるものでもあった。, The Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, from the 1910s to the 1920s, successfully introduced a system of collective bargaining and arbitration, and established industrial democracy in the chaotic men's clothing industry. But the union was held responsible for its contractual obligations, and the same rules and procedures restraining arbitrary acts of employers, ironically, bound the workers themselves. Industrial democracy thus protected the basic rights of the workers, yet at the same time suppressed their spontaneous and independent shop-floor activities. In order to secure jobs for its members and maintain union standards in this highly competitive industry in which small and unstable shops predominated, the ACW had to cooperate with the managers of unionized firms in raising productivity and efficiency so that they could compete successfully with low-wage open shops. The union thus embraced scientific management. But this "cooperation" with management, far from being class collaboration, meant a deep invasion into the managerial sphere. The ACW could assume practical control of production and attempted to manage the men's clothing firms as well as the industry itself as a co-partner. Yet it must be reminded also that as long as the ACW regarded productive efficiency as a precondition of wage increases and better working conditions, The ACW's invasion into the managerial sphere was .acceptable to management., 個人情報保護のため削除部分あり

世紀転換期に形成され、階級とエスニシティによる居住空間の分離を特質とするメトロポリスにおいては、当時の高い社会的流動性の下で周辺部において持家を獲得できた熟練層と都心部にとり残された半・不熟練層との間に、ライフスタイルの上でも意識の上でも亀裂が生じた。労働者が集中した都心部で対抗的労働者階級文化が形成されるが、これを忌避した工場は周辺部へ脱出し、この結果生じた労働者居住地域の分散は労働者相互の交流を阻害した。また、労働者は労働の場でのビジネス・ユニオニズムと生活の場でのマシーン政治という異なった組織原理によって引き裂かれ、ウォード制から市単位代議制への移行に代表される都市政治の構造改革は労働者の政治的発言力を封じ込めた。メトロポリスのアメリカ労働者階級は、階級的連帯を志向するパースペクティブと力量とをもてなかったのである。, In the process of transition from the implosive and socially intermixed "walking city " of the nineteenth century to the explosive and segregated metropolis of the twentieth, the skilled workers could afford to move out of the core and purchase their homes in the newly developed outer rings of the metropolis. And yet the less skilled workers were left in the slum areas of the inner city, being separated and segregated spatially as well as socially from those skilled workers in the outer rings. At the core of the metropolis where most workers had concentrated, oppositional working-class culture began to emerge at the end of the nineteenth century and forced manufacturing plants out of the central business district, but this exodus of factories into the periphery resulted in the dispersal of working-class districts, thereby separating workers of one area from those of another and diminishing chances of solidarity. Moreover, the metropolitan workers were mobilized as workers at work but as ethnics andresidents at home. They were thus unable to connect their struggles at the place of work with those at the place of life under the unified principle of class. And, as a result of structural reforms of city politics, especially a substitution of city-at-large election for the decentralized ward system, the political influences the working class had retained were reduced to a great extent. The American metropolitan workers at the turn of the century had great difficulties in developing class perspectives and consciousness as well as political strength., 個人情報保護のため削除部分あり

労働騎士団は、最近まで労働史研究を支配してきたウィスコンシン学派によって、労働者の切実な諸要求を無視し、彼らの日々の労働と生活に無縁の改革プログラムを押しつけた、時代錯誤的労働改革主義者と断罪されてきた。しかし、第三〇地区会議の活動を分析した結果では、ボストンの騎士団は、資本主義労賃金制度を拒否し、協同組合的産業制度の樹立をめざしつつも、団結の原則の下に熟練工と半・不熟練労働者を結集し、団体交渉力の強化ならびに仕事と賃金にかかわる現実的諸要求の獲得に奮闘したのであった。そして、この闘いにおいて彼らが敗退したのは、ウィスコンシン学派の主張するような「時代錯誤的」思想のためではなく、彼らが対決した資本家階級が結束し、はるかに強力であったからであった。, The Knights of Labor have been depicted, by the hitherto dominant Wisconsin school, as a bunch of anachronistic labor reformers who ignored immediate demands of workers, and imposed upon them a reform program alien to their daily lives and labor. But the opposite seems to be the case in Boston. The Knights there, while rejecting the capitalistic wage system, united skilled workers with semi-and unskilled laborers under the banner of solidarity, and actually devoted themselves to strengthening their bargaining power and obtaining such practical demands as those related to job control and wages. In this struggle they failed, but it was not due to their "anachronistic" ideology as claimed by the Wisconsin school, but due to their severe confrontation with the employers who were much more powerful and united., 個人情報保護のため削除部分あり