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World History Connected, Vol. 18 No. 3: Fall 2021

Linked Data (LD) as a web--based technology enables in principle the seamless, machine--supported integration, interplay and augmentation of all kinds of knowledge, into what has been labeled a huge knowledge graph. Despite decades of web technology and, more recently, the LD approach, the task to fully exploit these new technologies in the public domain is only commencing. One specific challenge is to transfer techniques developed preweb to order our knowledge into the realm of Linked Open Data (LOD) This paper illustrates two different models in which a general analytico--synthetic classification can be published and made available as LD. In both cases, an LD solution deals with the intricacies of a pre--coordinated indexing language.

Linked Data (LD) as a web-based technology enables in principle the seamless, machine-supported integration, interplay and augmentation of all kinds of knowledge, into what has been labeled a huge knowledge graph. Despite decades of web technology and, more recently, the LD approach, the task to fully exploit these new technologies in the public domain is only commencing. One specific challenge is to transfer techniques developed preweb to order our knowledge into the realm of Linked Open Data (LOD). This paper illustrates two different models in which a general analytico-synthetic classification can be published and made available as LD. In both cases, an LD solution deals with the intricacies of a pre-coordinated indexing language. The Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) approach illustrates a more complex solution driven by the practical requirements that the LD model is expected to fulfill in the bibliographic domain, and within the constraints of copyright protection. The Basic Concepts Classification (BCC) is a new classification with a novel approach to classification structure and syntax for which LD is an important vehicle for increasing the scheme’s visibility and usability. The report on these two cases illustrate some of the challenges of the representation of knowledge organization systems as LD and the possibilities that analytico-synthetic and interdisciplinary or phenomenon-based systems present for the representation of knowledge using LD.

Linked Data (LD) as a web-based technology enables in principle the seamless, machine-supported integration, interplay and augmention of all kinds of knowledge, into what has been labeled a huge knowledge graph. Despite decades of web technology and, more recently, the Linked Data approach, the task to fully exploit these new technologies in the public domain is only commencing. One specific challenge is to transfer techniques developed pre-web to order our knowledge into the realm of Linked (Open) Data. This paper illustrates two different models in which a general analytico-synthetic classification can be published and made available as linked data. In both cases, a linked data solution deals with the intricacies of a pre-coordinated indexing language: the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) and the Basic Concepts Classification (BCC).

This paper describes a specific project, the current situation leading to it, its project design and first results. In particular, we will examine the terminology employed in the Linked Open Data cloud and compare this to the terminology employed in both the Universal Decimal Classification and the Basic Concepts Classification. We will explore whether these classifications can encourage greater consistency in LOD terminology. We thus hope to link the largely distinct scholarly literatures that address LOD and KOSs., accepted for the 15th INTERNATIONAL ISKO CONFERENCE, Porto, Portugal, 9 to 11 July 2018, http://www.iskoiberico.org/about-isko-porto-2018/

The 2017 international meeting of the Swiss-based Network for Transdisciplinary Research, known as td-net, took place September 11-15 on the campus of Leuphana University (pictured) in Lüneburg, Germany. It highlighted the theme of “Intercultural Endeavors” in transdisciplinary research and education, explored in keynote addresses, plenary panels, and concurrent sessions supplemented by training workshops and special meetings. This report is an overview of the program with an emphasis on important contributions pertaining to the conference theme.

by Ehsan Masood New York and London: Pegasus Books, 2016 ISBN 978-1-68177-137-3 Hardcover C$36.95, 254 pp.

This paper draws upon the scholarship of interdisciplinarity to argue that Economics, like all disciplines, should be open to a wide range of theories and methods, and the study of all relevant phenomena. A classification of the different methods and theory types used by scholars identifies key strengths and weaknesses of each. Different schools of heterodox [that is, non-neoclassical] economics, as well as neoclassical economics itself, emphasize different sets of theory and method. Each thus has a unique contribution to make to a holistic understanding of the economy. At present, different heterodox schools, like neoclassical economics itself, tend to act as if it were thought that their theory and method were superior. This paper urges a quite different attitude: different heterodox schools, as well as neoclassical economics, should be seen as complements rather than substitutes. That is, the insights of different schools of thought within Economics can and should be integrated just as disciplinary insights are integrated within interdisciplinary scholarship. The classification also identifies valuable theory types not presently embraced by any heterodox approach. Heterodoxy needs also to embrace the causal linkages between economic and diverse non-economic phenomena; the paper outlines a strategy for organizing the complex understandings that emerge from such a project. Some might recoil at the complexity of an academic enterprise that embraces such a wide range of phenomena, theory, and method; this paper shows how these diverse investigations can be organized in terms of the classifications presented such that all economists could readily appreciate the contributions of others. The paper also makes suggestions regarding the daily practice of heterodox economists, and draws lessons for heterodoxy from interdisciplinary research practice.

Contents: Introduction, Robert E.B. Lucas and Lyn Squire PART I: TRADE 1. Global Economic Institutional, Intellectual and Religious Contacts: A Brief History, T.N. Srinivasan 2. The Impact of Technical Barriers to Trade on Argentine Exports and Labor Markets, Gabriel Sanches, Maria Laura Alzua and Ines Butler 3. Agricultural Subsidies, Trade Barriers and Poverty: Household Micro-simulation for Colombia, Felipe Barrera-Osorio and Marcela Melendez 4. Trade Liberalization in Southeastern Europe, Joze Damijan, Jose de Sousa and Olivier Lamotte PART II: MIGRATION 5. Poverty Impacts of Romanian Remittances from the EU: Effects of Host-Country Migration Policies, Ella Viktoria Kallai and Mircea Teodor Maniu 6. Skill Diffusion by Temporary Migration? Returns from Western European Working Experience in the EU Accession Countries, Anna Iara 7. Host-Country Economic Policies and Worker Remittances to Developing Countries: The Cases of Turkey and Mexico, Serdar Sayan and Ayca Tekin-Koru PART III: FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT 8. Inequality: The Argentine Experience, Daniel Chudnovsky, Andres Lopez and Eugenia Orlicki 9. The Effect of Policies on FDI Flows to Transition Countries, Tom Coupe, Irina Orlova and Alexandre Skiba 10. Does Foreign Ownership Matter for Enterprise Training? Empirical Evidence from Transition Countries, Vitaliy Oryshchenko Index

Diese Dissertation besch��ftigt sich mit einer systematischen Organisation der epistemologischen Dimension des menschlichen Wissens in Bezug auf Perspektiven und Methoden. Insbesondere wird untersucht inwieweit das bekannte Organisationsprinzip der integrativen Ebenen, das eine Hierarchie zunehmender Komplexit��t und Integration beschreibt, geeignet ist f��r eine grundlegende Klassifikation von Perspektiven bzw. epistemischen Bezugsrahmen. Die zentrale These dieser Dissertation geht davon aus, dass eine angemessene Analyse solcher epistemischen Kontexte in der Lage sein sollte, unterschiedliche oder gar konfligierende Bezugsrahmen anhand von kontext��bergreifenden Standards und Kriterien vergleichen und bewerten zu k��nnen. Diese Aufgabe erfordert theoretische und methodologische Grundlagen, welche die Beschr��nkungen eines radikalen Kontextualismus vermeiden, insbesondere die ihm innewohnende Gefahr einer Fragmentierung des Wissens aufgrund der angeblichen Inkommensurabilit��t epistemischer Kontexte. Basierend auf J��rgen Habermas��� Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns und seiner Methodologie des hermeneutischen Rekonstruktionismus, wird argumentiert, dass epistemischer Pluralismus nicht zwangsl��ufig zu epistemischem Relativismus f��hren muss und dass eine systematische Organisation der Perspektivenvielfalt von bereits existierenden Modellen zur kognitiven Entwicklung profitieren kann, wie sie etwa in der Psychologie oder den Sozial- und Kulturwissenschaften rekonstruiert werden. Der vorgestellte Ansatz versteht sich als ein Beitrag zur multi-perspektivischen Wissensorganisation, der sowohl neue analytische Werkzeuge f��r kulturvergleichende Betrachtungen von Wissensorganisationssystemen bereitstellt als auch neue Organisationsprinzipien vorstellt f��r eine Kontexterschlie��ung, die dazu beitragen kann die Ausdrucksst��rke bereits vorhandener Dokumentationssprachen zu erh��hen. Zudem enth��lt der Anhang eine umfangreiche Zusammenstellung von Modellen integrativer Wissensebenen., This dissertation is concerned with a systematic organization of the epistemological dimension of human knowledge in terms of viewpoints and methods. In particular, it will be explored to what extent the well-known organizing principle of integrative levels that presents a developmental hierarchy of complexity and integration can be applied for a basic classification of viewpoints or epistemic outlooks. The central thesis pursued in this investigation is that an adequate analysis of such epistemic contexts requires tools that allow to compare and evaluate divergent or even conflicting frames of reference according to context-transcending standards and criteria. This task demands a theoretical and methodological foundation that avoids the limitation of radical contextualism and its inherent threat of a fragmentation of knowledge due to the alleged incommensurability of the underlying frames of reference. Based on J��rgen Habermas���s Theory of Communicative Action and his methodology of hermeneutic reconstructionism, it will be argued that epistemic pluralism does not necessarily imply epistemic relativism and that a systematic organization of the multiplicity of perspectives can benefit from already existing models of cognitive development as reconstructed in research fields like psychology, social sciences, and humanities. The proposed cognitive-developmental approach to knowledge organization aims to contribute to a multi-perspective knowledge organization by offering both analytical tools for cross-cultural comparisons of knowledge organization systems (e.g., Seven Epitomes and Dewey Decimal Classification) and organizing principles for context representation that help to improve the expressiveness of existing documentary languages (e.g., Integrative Levels Classification). Additionally, the appendix includes an extensive compilation of conceptions and models of Integrative Levels of Knowing from a broad multidisciplinary field.