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Identifying sustainable resources of natural fibers is essential due to their high demand in industrial applications such as automotive and biomedical materials. Two alternative fibers obtained from canola and sweet clover stalks were characterized for their properties using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle, and tensile test. Hemp and flax fibers, both in use as industrial fibers, were also characterized as conventional fibers. Results showed that all the fibers had the same chemical elements (carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and potassium) and chemical bonds. The crystallinity index for the alternative fibers ranged from 62 to 71%, which was close but lower than the conventional fibers (82% for hemp and 80% for flax). The thermal stability of the alternative fibers was around 220 °C, close to the conventional fibers (230 °C). The alternative fibers had contact angles of less than 90°, showing high surface energy. Since the alternative fibers had a low Young’s modulus and tensile strength (5.57–8.52 GPa and 57.45–71.26 MPa, respectively), they are suitable for some specific applications in the biomedical industry. In contrast, conventional fibers are suitable where a higher stiffness and strength is required.

White sweet clover (Melilotus albus) cultivation, despite its many positive features such as the high yield of green mass, as well as protein content, is currently not widespread. This study aimed to determine the effect of the different sowing densities (500, 1000, and 1500 seeds per m2) and harvesting at different growth stages (before budding, budding, and full flowering) on the quality of fodder from the white sweet clover (Adela variety). The field experiment was carried out in the years 2018–2020 in a split-plot design. Plant biometric measurements, green and dry yield, the content of total protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, macro and microelements, and coumarin content were determined. The results show that an increase in the sowing density significantly increased the plant population after emergence and green and dry matter. However, it does not affect the total protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, macro and microelements, and coumarin content. Harvesting plants at the flowering stage increased plant height and green fodder yield. Plants harvested at the prebudding phase were characterized by the highest share of leaves (40.3%) and were the most abundant in protein (21.7%) and minerals (ash content 12.71%). Unfortunately, sweet clover at this growth stage contained the highest level of coumarin, which limits its use in animal feed.

Исследования по изучению влияния сроков посева новой интродуцируемой культуры - донника волосистого (Melilotus hirsutus Lipsky.) на урожайность семян и элементы её структуры проводили на опытном поле Пензенского НИИСХ в 2009-2013 гг. Изучали 7 сроков посева: первый срок посева проводили при достижении физической спелости почвы (25 апреля-1 мая), второй срок - при наступлении биологической спелости почвы (5-10 мая). Остальные сроки сева проводили с интервалом 10-11 дней. Подзимний посев проводили в ноябре, при наступлении устойчивых отрицательных температур. Норма высева - 3,5 млн. всхожих семян на 1 га, способ посева - рядовой (междурядье 0,3 м). Почва опытного участка - чернозём выщелоченный среднемощный, среднесуглинистый. Гидротермический коэффициент (ГТК) варьировал за период вегетации май-сентябрь от 0,22 до 1,50. В среднем за три года наиболее благоприятные условия для формирования семенной продуктивности и урожайности донника складывались при посеве в ранневесенние сроки и подзимнем сроке. При этих сроках посева урожайность семян составила по годам от 860-1130 кг/га (в 2011 г.) до 1420-1550 кг/га (в 2010 г.), в среднем за три года - 1160-1240 кг/га и 1367 кг/га. Высокая урожайность при этих сроках посева получена благодаря элементам структуры - густоте стояния растений - 106-120 шт./м2,высоте растений - 164-167 см, количеству продуктивных стеблей - 3,17 и 3,06 шт., количеству семян с растения - 606-638 шт., массе семян с растения - 1,23-1,30 г. Выявлены тесные корреляционные зависимости между элементами структуры урожая и урожайностью семян.

This issue begins with an article regarding agricultural education in Prince Edward Island. Agricultural articles pertain to the life cycle of the warble fly, roses in the farm garden, sweet clover for feeding cattle, and agriculture in Northern Ontario. Other agricultural articles address commercial maple syrup production, preparing the apiary for the spring, and feeding poultry. The editorial encourages students to use the library and apply themselves to their studies. Campus news reports on the guest speaker, Raymond Robins, at the Y. M. C. A. lecture, the St. Valentine's Day and Red Cross dances, and the Sophomore Banquet. The Alumni column contains wartime correspondence, marriage announcements, and alumni updates. The Macdonald Institute column reports on the success of the Red Cross dance in raising funds for the war effort. While the Locals column provides campus humour. A new lease of life Something new about warble flies Roses for the farm garden Sweet clover - pro and con Timiskaming and agriculture Commercial maple syrup making Spring work in the apiary Gumption in poultry feeding Queries Editorial College life Alumni Athletics Macdonald Locals advertising

Agricultural articles in this issue pertain to the utilization of livestock by grain farmers, experiments concerning sweet clover, basic slag as fertilizer, improving livestock in Oxford County, and incubation of goose eggs. Professor Unwin continues his series on Canadian literature. There is a nature observation of chickadees. Also included are reports from the meetings of the Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union, the American Phytopathological Society, and the American Association of the Advancement of Science. The editorial addresses the purpose of the O. A. C. Review as both a publication of student activities and alumni updates. Campus news provides information regarding the short courses, the success of the Conversat, and current athletic activities. The Alumni column contains notes on the Western Ontario O. A. C. Alumni Association, and alumni and alumnae updates. The Macdonald Institute column reappears in this issue with articles on the short course initiation, women's basketball results, and the tag dance. Livestock as a factor in eliminating waste in American agriculture Hubam or annual white flowering sweet clover Canadian literature: a series Chickadees Basic slag vs. superphosphate of lime The Experimental Union The American Phytopathological Society Livestock improvement in Oxford County Goloshes Incubation of goose eggs Editorial Macdonald College life The Conversat Athletics Alumni Locals advertising

The theme of this spring issue is the topic of plant propagation. Articles on propagation include suggestions from the Vineland Experimental Station, the profitability of growing roses, fertilizers for the home garden, and scarifying clover seed. Professor O. J. Stevenson recounts his experience traveling in Bavaria while Professor Fulmer introduces the new college course in biochemistry. Other articles include the genetics of fur farming, post-graduate research work in the United States, and poultry nutrition. Campus news reports on the success of several theatre productions, the freshmen's skating party, and the successful hockey season. The Alumni column provides alumni and alumnae updates. The Macdonald Institute column contains a poem regarding The Well, the inaugural meeting of the Winnipeg Alumnae branch, and alumnae updates. The Flutes of the Frogs Solving the growers' problems by plant breeding In a Bavarian village Genetics in fur farming Post-graduate work in the United States Propagate your own roses Fertilizers for the home garden An introduction to biochemistry Scarifying sweet clover seed Appetite March Editorial College life Macdonald Athletics Alumni Locals advertising

This issue begins with an article regarding immigration provided by the Department of Immigration and Colonization. The agricultural articles pertain to silage crops for Northern Ontario, the development of sweet clover as an annual crop, President Reynolds' address on the mission of the agricultural college, and the operation of seed drills. Other articles feature the English poet Alfred Noyes, and the educational system in Switzerland. Featured is an article that outlines the formation of the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair. The focus of the campus news are the examination results and the short courses for the Mac Hall students and soldier's wives. The serialized wartime story titled "Apres la Guerre" is continued in this issue. The Alumni column contains a report of the Western Ontario O. A. C. Alumni Association, and alumni and alumnae updates. This issue does not contain a Macdonald column. Filling the manless land The spirit of Alfred Noyes Silage crops for Northern Ontario The mission of the agricultural college The educational system of Switzerland Coming - annual sweet clover The Royal Agricultural Winter Fair Postmortem Farm power Editorial "Apres la Guerre" College life Athletics Alumni advertising

Journalist, Arthur Hawkesﾒ contribution to this issue is an article on the farmer as warrior and statesman. Agricultural articles pertain to the sheep industry in Northern Ontario, purchasing bees for apiculture, and a discussion on sweet clover at the Experimental Union meeting. Reviewed in this issue is the College's English Department suggestions of appropriate theatrical productions for rural communities. The serialized wartime story titled "Apres la Guerre" is continued in this issue. Campus news addresses the athletic activities, fundraising for the War Memorial fund, the Conversat and At Home promenades, and reports of the Students Christian Movement Conference and the Ontario Agricultural and Experimental Union annual meeting. The Macdonald Institute column highlights the filming of a movie at Macdonald Hall and the Macdonald Institute, where the students "feel like movie stars". The Alumni column contains a listing of the Ontario Department of Agriculture agricultural representatives, and alumni and alumnae updates. The farmer as warrior and statesman The sheep industry in Northern Ontario The Nipigon Valley Buy your bees, like candy, by the pound The Two Brothers Sweet clover discussion at the "Union" Rural plays Editorial Macdonald "Apres la Guerre" College life Alumni Athletics advertising

Several articles in this issue address the debate regarding the O. A. C. having a separate Board of Governors from the University of Toronto. The students of the Class of 1929 write most of the articles in this issue with topics ranging from the Experimental Farm System to clover as a silage crop. The column regarding the National Federation of Canadian University Students is continued in this issue. The editorial comments on the ferocity of the St. Patrick's Day tie fight. While the campus news reports on the various banquets, athletic activities, and the activities of the O. A. C. C. O. T. C. (Canadian Officers' Training Corps). The Alumni column provides a meeting report on the proposed changes to the Board of Governors and an update of alumni activities. The Macdonald Institute column includes an article on hygiene, and alumnae updates. Wander-thirst The Experimental Farm System of Canada Road making in Northern Ontario The N. F. C. U. S. Sweet clover as a silage crop Plantation Days The tractor as a means of reducing crop production costs "Peace" Editorial English Department notes and news College life Athletics Alumni Macdonald Locals advertising

This issue begins with an article regarding how a farmer's temperament can lead to success in agriculture. Agricultural articles pertain to the beef industry in South Africa, non-native crop species introduced to Canada, and sugar cane production in Cuba. Other articles provide a description of the life and character of the Japanese people, and a humorous observation on the state of matrimony. A student of the Ontario Veterinary College contributed an article on the history of veterinary science. The highlight of the campus news are the final examination results. Other campus news reports on the winners of various scholarships, a visit to the Toronto Stock Yards, and a letter from Dr. Ross. The Alumni column provides an update of the Annual Alumni Association meeting, and alumni updates. The Macdonald Institute column speculates what the Class of 1928 will accomplish by 1950, and provides alumnae updates. The human factor in successful agriculture The beef industry of South Africa The people of the paradise of the Pacific Plant immigrants The history of veterinary science Sugar cane production in Cuba How it's done Editorial College life News and views Athletics Alumni Macdonald Locals advertising