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Pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi menimbulkan berbagai dampak disemua sektor, salah satunya pada sektor pendidikan. Pembelajaran yang semula tatap muka harus berganti dengan pembelajaran jarak jauh untuk mengurangi penyebaran virus. SMK merupakan sekolah yang lulusannya diharapkan mampu memiliki kompetensi untuk siap kerja oleh karena itu pembelajaran yang diberikan meliputi teori dan praktik yang mana lebih besar prosentase praktiknya. Untuk mengatasi hal itu, sebagai upaya untuk tetap meningkatkan kualitas proses dan prestasi belajar siswa maka dibutuhkan kombinasi pembelajaran dengan blended learning (online dan tatap muka). Tujuan dari artikel ini yaitu mengkaji penerapan blended learning SMK Teknik Otomotif pada massa pandemi. Metode yang digunakan dari artikel ini adalah literature review. Literature review dilakukan dari beberapa macam sumber seperti jurnal nasional maupun internasional seperti dengan menggunakan database Google Schoolar, Science Direct, Springer, DOAJ, Scopus dll dan textbook atau handbook yang bersangkutan mengenai hasil penelitian blended learning di SMK Otomotif.. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kajian literatur ini adalah pembelajaran blended learning dengan menggunakan media video tutorial berbasis Youtube di masa pandemi covid-19 efektif untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses dan prestasi belajar siswa SMK Teknik Otomotif.

The potential of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) as an alternative to depleting fossil fuels has been investigated. To optimize performance and efficiency, the effectiveness of PVDF and PVDF nanofiber (NF) membrane-based electrolytes in suppressing solvent leakage and evaporation in liquid electrolyte systems was evaluated. SEM results for PVDF NF membranes showed the formation of a network with a three-dimensional structure with a diameter of 100–300 nm and an average thickness of 0.14 mm. The Infrared (IR) spectrum shows the electrolyte and polymer-PVDF interactions. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) curve shows the melting transition of PVDF NF 7.66% lower than PVDF. Efficiency and resistance of DSSC based on natural dyes as measured by multimeter and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) at a solar intensity of 100 mW/cm2 showed the highest efficiency of anthocyanin-based DSSC from telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) flower extract. Its use as a photosensitizer in an electrolyte system based on PVDF NF membranes resulted in an efficiency that was not significantly different from that of liquid electrolytes (1.69%).

This study aimed to determine the effect of project-based learning on student learning outcomes and creative thinking skills in computer numeric control subjects at SMK KAL-1 Surabaya. This study used a quasi-experimental factorial research design with a 2-way ANOVA test technique. In this study, 66 students from class XI of the Mechanical Engineering Expertise Program were divided into experimental groups (n= 33) and a control group (n= 33). The instrument used in this research is in the form of test sheets and observations to measure the level of students creative thinking and their learning outcomes. This study found that student learning outcomes using project-based learning are significantly higher than students who taught using direct learning models in computer numeric control subjects. Furthermore, the learning outcomes of students who have a high level of creative thinking are significantly higher than those of students who have a low level of creative thinking. Moreover, there is an interaction between using learning models and creative thinking on three domains of learning outcomes (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor) in computer numeric control subjects.

This article presents a direct current (DC) motor control approach using a hybrid Seagull Optimization Algorithm (SOA) and Neural Network (NN) method. SOA method is a nature-inspired algorithm. DC motor speed control is very important to maintain the stability of motor operation. The SOA method is an algorithm that duplicates the life of the seagull in nature. Neural network algorithms will be improved using the SOA method. The neural network used in this study is a feed-forward neural network (FFNN). This research will focus on controlling DC motor speed. The efficacy of the proposed method is compared with the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) method, the Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), and the Cascade Forward Backpropagation Neural Network (CFBNN). From the results of the study, the proposed control method has good capabilities compared to standard neural methods, namely FFNN and CFBNN. Integral Time Absolute Error and Square Error (ITAE and ITSE) values from the proposed method are on average of 0.96% and 0.2% better than the FFNN and CFBNN methods.

Covid-19 memberikan pengaruh kepada berbagai sektor salah satunya pendidikan. Proses perubahan model pembelajaran dari face to face menjadi daring dan luring maupun kombinasi yang dapat memberikan pengaruh. Siswa mengeluhkan kurangnya interaksi bersama guru sehingga kehilangan motivasi belajar yang dapat menurunkan hasil belajar sehingga perlu alternatif pemecahan masalah tersebut. Karenanya, peneliti meneliti mengenai bagaimana penerapan model blended learning pada siswa SMK serta pengaruhnya menggunakan berbagai media e learning terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar menggunakan metode penelitian kajian literatur sistematis agar nantinya sebagai pertimbangan pelaksanaan blended learning di masa covid 19. Kesimpulannya, model blended learning menggunakan media online e learning Edmodo, LMS Moodle, maupun Google Classroom menghasilkan hasil yang sama yaitu dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa. Namun, google classroom lebih direkomendasikan. Abstract: Covid-19 has had an impact on various sectors, one of which is education. The process of changing the learning model from face to face to online and offline as well as a combination that can have an impact. Students complain about the lack of interaction with the teacher so that they lose motivation to learn which can reduce learning outcomes so that alternative solutions are needed. Therefore, researchers examined how the application of the blended learning model to vocational students and the effect of using various e-learning media on motivation and learning outcomes using a systematic literature review research method would be used as a consideration for the implementation of blended learning during the covid 19 periods. In conclusion, the blended learning model uses media online e-learning Edmodo, LMS Moodle, and Google Classroom produced the same results, namely increasing student motivation and learning outcomes. However, Google Classroom is more recommended.

This work proposes a new approach to solve the economic load dispatch (ELD) issue in power systems by metaheuristic algorithms inspired by natural life. The problem to be resolved is to optimize the power system network with various constraints by considering the cutting in the cost of the resulting in the transmission of the electric system. The method used in this study is the hunger games search (HGS). This method duplicates the hungerdriven activity and the animal's choice of behavior. The proposed method is to add the concept of starvation as a process structure. Adaptive weights based on the concept of hunger are designed and used to simulate the effects of hunger on each trace process. To get the performance of the proposed method, this research uses mathematical methods, particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), giza pyramids construction (GPC), and sine tree-seed algorithm (STSA) as a comparison. This study uses 2 case studies. In case study 1, the proposed method has a 0.16% better cost of generation than the mathematical method. Comparison of the HGS method with the PSO method in the second case study, it was found that the HGS method was 0.018% better than the PSO. From the research, it was found that the HGS method was superior.

Vocational education is no longer just an education that prepares its graduates to work or become mediocre workers. Creative thinking skills are the basis of science that is very important for students. This research uses a quantitative approach and the population of this study included 106 Cadets of The School of Aviators in Indonesia. Sampling techniques taken were saturated sampling techniques and the samples were taken as many as 106 cadets. Data analysis techniques used were Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS help (Analysis of Moment Structures) program. The results of this study show that critical thinking has a significant effect on decision making.

Praktik kerja industri (Prakerin) merupakan model yang diterapkan oleh Teknik Informatika, sebagai salah satu program studi di Unesa, untuk memberikan kecakapan tertentu kepada mahasiswa. Prakerin adalah pola penyelenggaraan diklat yang dikelola bersama-sama antara Prodi dengan industri/asosiasi profesi sebagai institusi pasangan, mulai dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan hingga evaluasi dan sertifikasi. Prakerin dilaksanakan selama 1-3 bulan di dunia usaha/dunia industri. Selama ini, kegiatan Prakerin tidak pernah dimanfaatkan untuk menganalisis softskill yang dimiliki mahasiswa setelah melakukan Prakerin. Padahal, softskill sangat dibutuhkan oleh mahasiswa setelah lulus. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mensintesis dampak praktik kerja industri terhadap karakter mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Informatika yang sesuai dengan motto Unesa œgrowing with character. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kuesioner skala Likert untuk mengumpulkan data. Kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil pengolahan data diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Informatika melakukan Prakerin dengan baik dan karakter mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Informatika menjadi lebih baik setelah melakukan Prakerin dibandingkan sebelum melakukan Prakerin dalam hal disiplin dalam beribadah, mandiri, jujur, peduli, dan tangguh. Kata Kunci: karakter, pendidikan vokasi, praktik kerja industry. ABSTRACTIndustrial work practice is a model applied by Informatics Department, as one of the study programs at Unesa, to provide certain skills for students. Industrial work practice work training that is managed jointly between Study Programs and industry / professional associations as a partner, starting from planning, implementation to evaluation and certification. Internship is carried out for 1-3 months in the business / industrial world. During this time, internship activities have never been used to analyze the soft skills required by students after internship. In fact, soft skills are really needed by students after graduation. The purpose of this study is to analyze and synthesize industrial work practices on the character of Informatics Engineering students in accordance with Unesa's motto "developing with character". This type of research is a quantitative study using a Likert scale questionnaire to collect data. Then the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results shown that students of the Department of Informatics performed the internship well and their characters improved in terms of discipline in worship, independent, honest, caring, and tough. Keywords: character, industrial work practice, vocational education.

This study aims to: (1) analyze the level of creative thinking possessed by each class XI students of Building Drawing Technique (BDT); and (2) analyze the influence of the level of thinking on the learning outcomes of the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. This type of research is correlational research through a quantitative approach method. The population in this study were all students in building expertise competencies at SMK Negeri 1 Nganjuk which included Geomatics and BDT. The sample used in this study was XI BDT class students. The instrument used in analyzing the level of creative thinking (LCT) is a problem-solving test sheet of the type of multiple solution tasks. The data analysis technique uses a linear regression test. The results of the study concluded that: (1) there were as many as 4 students included in the category of LCT 4 (very creative), there were 12 students included in the category of LCT 3 (creative), there are 11 students included in the category 2 LCT (quite creative), there are no students included in the category of LCT 1 (less creative), and there are as many as 11 students who included in the category of LCT 0 (not creative); (2) there is a significant influence between the level of creative thinking on the cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes; and (3) there is a very significant influence between the level of creative thinking on the affective learning outcomes of class XI BDT students.

This research aims to: (1) develop Electric Car Learning Media through research and development (R&D) ADDIE Model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation); (2) knowing the level of feasibility of learning media for electric cars (LMEC) in a learning perspective; and (3) to determine the effectiveness of LMEC in the learning process. The study found that: (1) based on the validator's assessment, that the LMEC that had been developed was very suitable for use in learning Electric Cars; (2) based on student assessment, that LMEC is very suitable for use in learning Electric Cars in the Department of Electrical Engineering, State University of Surabaya; and (3) LMEC is very effective, proven as many as 24 (77.41%) of students get a score of learning outcomes in the range 71-100, with good and excellent categories.

This study aims to determine the role of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and Teaching Factory (TEFA) on social, economic, and educational development in a country. The study was conducted using a literature review of some references and relevant research results of European countries, the United States (US), Africa, and Asia, especially in Indonesia. The results of the study obtained were presented in the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to obtain input and criticism to improve the results of the research. The study concluded that: (1) TVET has a key and key role in the social, economic, and educational fields of a country; (2) the impact of TVET in Nigeria and other developing countries, in general, has not been impressive; (3) the application of TEFA has a positive and significant effect on work readiness of vocational students; and (4) the application of TEFA can contribute to the social, economic and educational development of a country.

This study aims to determine: (1) differences in learning activities between students who use MySQL and students who use Ms. Access on subjects in Database Processing with basic competencies in understanding language in class XI of the RPL Department of SMK 2 Surabaya; (2) differences in learning outcomes between students who use MySQL and students using Ms. Access on Database subjects with basic competencies in understanding language in class XI of the RPL Department of SMK 2 Surabaya.The research design used was a "non -equivalent control group design" design which involved two classes, namely XI RPL1as an experimental class with a total sample of 33 students and class XI RPL-2 as a control class with a total sample of 34 students. The place of research was conducted at SMK Negeri 2 Surabaya. The study found that: (1) learning activities for students who studied using MySQL applications were significantly higher than the learning activities of students who studied using Ms. Access; and (2) learning outcomes for students who learn using MySQL applications are significantly higher than the learning outcomes of students who study using Ms. Access.

Purpose of Study: The development of science and technology as it is today will greatly affect the learning process and the preparation of vocational school graduate workforce. Law Number 20 Year 2003 on National Education System explains that the purpose of vocational education is to prepare learners to be ready to work in certain fields. Virtual reality-based learning media can help grade XI SMK students to know the world of industrial work practices so that students of class XI SMK are better prepared in carrying out industrial work practices. Based on the above reasons, the research problem can be formulated as follows: (Baroughi & Zarei, 2013) what is the definition of virtual reality-based learning ?; (Chao liu. 2012) how are the procedures and steps to create virtual reality ?; (Citra parameswari. 2008) what are the advantages and disadvantages of virtual reality-based learning media ?; and (Matandare, m. A. 2018) how is the tendency of utilization of virtual reality-based learning media to industry practice in SMK? This study aims to: (Baroughi & Zarei, 2013) know the meaning of virtual reality; (Chao liu. 2012) know the procedures and steps to create virtual reality; (Citra parameswari. 2008) analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of virtual reality-based learning media; and (Matandare, 2018) to analyze the tendency of utilization of virtual reality-based learning media on industry practice in SMK. Methodology: Research carried out through this literature study yields the following conclusions: (Baroughi & Zarei, 2013) virtual reality is a technology that allows users to interact with a computer-simulated environment; (Chao liu. 2012) procedures and steps to create virtual reality is to record the atmosphere and activities of industrial workplaces and processed into virtual reality-based learning media; (Citra parameswari. 2008) the advantages of virtual reality-based learning media can provide more interesting and interactive learning, while the weakness of virtual reality-based learning media is costly and requires a long time to create; and (Matandare, 2018) the use of virtual reality-based learning media shows an increasing trend in the implementation of industrial work practices. Results: To make a video into a VR Box, prepare a camera with a minimum quality of 8 megapixels. Record the location that will be the object. The location we want to take is the location where the world of work. Implications/Applications: The advantages of using VR to teach educational purposes are similar in many ways with the advantages of using computers or interactive simulations, especially three-dimensional computer simulations. Computer-based simulations have been used for many years in computer-assisted instruction (CAI).

Purpose of Study: In the process of learning in vocational high school, the common problem happens today is low student learning outcomes. Predictably it is caused by several things, one of them is the learning model that is not in accordance with the characteristics of the subjects. One of the learning models in accordance with the database subject and can improve student learning outcomes is a problem-based learning model. The purpose of this research is to know about: (1) how far the utilization of learning model based on problem in database subject; (2) how the procedure of implementing the problem based learning model in the database lesson; and (3) how the influence of problem-based learning on student learning outcomes in database subjects. Methodology: Based on the problem as described above, problems can be formulated as follows: (1) how far the use of learning models problem based learning in database subjects?; (2) how is the procedure of implementing the problem-based learning model in database subjects?; And (3) What is the effect of problem-based learning on student learning outcomes in database subjects? Results: Based on the literature review, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) problem-based learning model can be utilized for database subjects because most of the subject material is practical; (2) the procedure of implementing the problem based learning model on the database subject is started from orient student on the database operation problem, organizing the students to learn to operate the database software, guiding individual and group investigation to completing database operation, developing and presenting the results then evaluate the problem solving process on the operation of database software; (3) problem-based learning model can improve learning outcomes in database subjects. Implications/Applications: Problem Based Learning model, if applied to database subjects, can improve learning outcomes in database subjects.

Vocational High School (VHS) is the initial level of vocational education whose task is to prepare students to become skilled labor in the industrial field. At this time there have been many changes, related to the era of industrial revolution 4.0, and the demands of life in the 21st century. Therefore it is necessary to increase the competence of vocational students in order to respond to these changes, both related to the era of industrial revolution 4.0, and demands for skills 4C to be able to live in existence in the 21st century. How far has the implementation of Vocational Schools been able to respond to these changes and demands? To answer this question, a research is needed entitled "Readiness of Vocational students in order to face the industrial revolution 4.0 and the demands of 21st century skills". Through literature studies, it was found that it was needed: (1) the use of learning models such as Problem Based Learning (PBL), Project Based Learning (PjBL), Cooperative Learning and the like, in order to foster 4C skills capabilities for vocational students; (2) the use of learning media such as e-larning, Flipped classroom and podcasts; (3) IoT utilization, digital literacy, and utilization of e-books that are cheap, practical, environmentally friendly, and up to date, (2) improving teacher quality related to the demands of 21st century skills.

Purpose of Study: Ineffective implementation of curriculum 2013 and low quality of vocational school graduates underlay the present study. The Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesian number 8 year 2012 stipulates that the implementation of Indonesian National Curriculum Framework-based on curriculum 2013 will improve the quality of vocational high school graduates at level 2 and their learning outcomes, including cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. The development of the Indonesian National Curriculum framework-based curriculum 2013 was an activity in generating an educational curriculum at an institutional level which aligns the needs of business and industry. The design of this study was the 4-D models of Thiagarajan, namely 1) the definition; 2) design; 3) development; and 4) deployment, but this was only conducted up to the development stage. Methodology: Regarding the background, the research questions were formulated as follows: (1) how is the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the instructional design of the Basic Electrical and Electronic subject?; (2) how is the students’ response to the instructional design of the Basic Electrical and Electronic Subject?; and (3) how are the results of students’ learning outcomes of Basic Electrical and Electronic Subject?. Results: This study aimed to find out: (1) the level of validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the instructional design of the Basic Electrical and Electronic Subject; (2) the students’ response of the instructional design of the Basic Electrical and Electronic Subject; and (3) the students’ learning outcomes of the Basic Electrical and Electronic Subject. Implications/Applications: The conclusion of this research is: 1) the average score on the validity of the instructional design was 3.722 (very high), the average score on its feasibility was 3.72 (very practical), while the average score of its effectiveness was 71.87 (effective); 2) the students’ responses to the instructional design were 92%, which was satisfactory; and 3) the average score of the students’ learning results was 85, over the minimum score determined, with the learning mastery of 100%.

Purpose of Study: Along with the development of science and technology, significant Become preparing qualified gradu- ates in the working world, Including for the graduates of vocational senior high school. In accordance with the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No.20 / 2003 on National Education System, the purpose of vocational education is to prepare stu- dents to be ready to work in Certain fields. Meanwhile, According to Regulation 32/2013 National Standard of Education, the vocational education intended to increase of the intelligence, knowledge, personality, moral, as well as the skills to live independently and to have further education in parallel with previous education. Based on the direction of vocational education policy as described, Several questions were drawn as follows: 1. What is meant by teaching factory ?; 2. What is the teaching-learning purpose of teaching factory ?; 3.What benefits will be gained by implementing a teaching factory ?; 4.What do the strengths and weaknesses of the teaching factory?; and 5.What are the implications of the Institute of Education and the Workforce, especially in the preparing of vocational senior high school teachers? Methodology: From the study to the related literature and relevant researches, it can be concluded that: 1The basic principle of teaching factory is the experience integration of working in the school curriculum, where all the equipment, materials and education subjects were designed in order to carry out the production process. This process Aimed to produce the goods/services, and reliable and competent graduates. 2 Though there were thirteen performance indicators, many Efforts were needed in order to fully implement the teaching factory in Senior Vocational High School environment, According to concepts, objectives and benefits, Including pre14 paring qualified senior vocational high school teachers; 3. In the evaluation of teaching factory activity in Surakarta, Fajaryati in 2012 found that in terms of learning activities, the implementation of teaching factory was well-run, whereas the aspect of the production process, did not run as expected; and 4. Reorientation and revitalization of the Education and Workforce Education curriculum roommates were in line with the demands of users graduates, especially in the faculty of engineering were required. Results: Benefits of teaching factory, in principle, is aware of the students, that in the mastery of skills, not enough to just practice soft skills in learning, work in teams, and training interpersonal communication skills, but also have to realize the knowledge directly and exercise work to enter the working world significantly. Implications/Applications: The basic principle learning factory is the integration experience of working in the school curriculum, where all the equipment, materials and education actors, designed to make the production process in order to produce goods/services, as well as Vocational High School graduates who are competent/reliable.

The research objectives are: (1) analyzing the validity of virtual reality-based learning media on the subjects of object-oriented programming; (2) analyze the implementation of object-oriented programming learning using virtual reality-based learning media; (3) analyze the learning activities of Bangkalan Vocational High School 2 students on object oriented programming subjects using virtual reality based learning media; (4) analyze learning outcomes in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains on object oriented programming subjects; and (5) analyze the response of students of SMK Negeri 2 Bangkalan to virtual reality-based learning media. Media development is done by using Research and Development (R & D) which is validated by experts. The results of the study concluded that: (1) virtual reality-based learning media were declared valid with very good categories; (2) the implementation of virtual reality based learning media is categorized as good; (3) student learning activities in utilizing virtual reality based learning media are declared active.

The purpose of this study is to: (1) analyze the differences in learning outcomes between students who study using Delphi-based learning media and students who learn by using Power Pont learning media in Basic Electrical and Electronics subjects at Surabaya KAL-1 Vocational School; (2) analyze the differences in learning outcomes in Basic Electrical and Electronics subjects between students who have a high level of learning independence and students who have a low level of learning independence at Surabaya KAL-1 Vocational School; (3) analyzing the interaction between the use of instructional media (delph and PPT) and the level of learning independence on learning outcomes in the Basic Electrical and Electronics subjects at the Surabaya KAL-1 Vocational School. This type of research is quasi-experimental using factorial 2x2 design, and the data were analyzed using Anacova two lines with the help of SPSS. The study found: (1) Learning outcomes for students using Delphi-based learning media (cognitive domain mean = 79) were significantly higher than learning outcomes for students who used Point Power learning media (cognitive domain = 73) in Basic Electricity subjects and Electronics at KAL 1 SMK Surabaya; (2) Learning outcomes for students who have TKBT (cognitive domain average = 78.17) are significantly higher than learning outcomes for students who have TKBR (cognitive domain average = 74.35) in Basic Electrical and Electronics subjects at KAL Vocational School. 1 Surabaya; (3) there is a significant interaction between the use of learning media (Delphi and PPT) and the level of learning independence on cognitive learning outcomes in the Basic Electrical and Electronics subjects at the Surabaya KAL-1 Vocational School. Research suggests: (1) Selection of learning media should be done appropriately especially if the school already has adequate infrastructure; (2) teachers in learning must be able to pay attention to the characteristics of students (learning independence) so that students are able to master the material better; and (3) learning media as a source of learning must be able to be maximally utilized by students in its use.

This study aims to determine the level of achievement of the fourth year Vocational School education program towards increasing student competitiveness and work readiness. The main objective of the fourth year vocational program is to equip students and graduates with various competencies in order to develop graduates capabilities in finding jobs, assigning work, entrepreneurship, pursuing the work faced and renewing their work skills. This research was conducted through a literature review of references originating from the theories and results of relevant research, and continued through focus group discussions. Relevant references include the policies of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, guidance on the implementation of the fourth year vocational program, relevant research results, namely evaluations of four years vocational programs, and influencing factors in increase in competitiveness and work readiness graduates. The study found: (1) reviewed from the curriculum of fourth years vocational school graduates having more work experience in the industry in the fourth year; (2) in terms of the competency of fourth year vocational school graduates having better competence than the third year vocational program; (3) in terms of industry interest, fourth year vocational graduates have more acceptance as labor in the industry than third year graduates.

This study aims to obtain information about: (1) differences in learning outcomes between students who study using the ARIAS learning model and students who learn using direct learning (DL); (2) differences in learning outcomes between students who have high creativity and students who have low creativity; and (3) whether the relationship between the use of learning models and learning outcomes in continental food processing is influenced by students' creativity. This experimental study was conducted using a 2 x 2 factorial design, with the moderator variable being students' creativity. In the experiment, the separation of the level of student creativity was not carried out significantly. Students are called to have high creativity, if they have a score higher or equal to the median group (ian median), while students are called to have low creativity, if they have a score less than or below the median (

The research aims to find out: (1) how far PBL has been used as a learning model in the vocational environment; and (2) how far is the influence of PBL on learning outcomes? The study was conducted with literature studies through theoretical and empirical studies of references and relevant research results, and continued with focus group discussions (FGD). The relevant references include learning theories, and theories about problem base learning (PBL). While the study of the results of relevant research, is a study of studies on the influence of PBL on "learning out comes" in vocational high school students as an integral part of technical, vocational, education and training (TVET). The study concluded that: (1) PBL has been widely used in learning in the vocational environment; (2) PBL is able to improve student learning achievement both process and results; and (3) the number of students who actively study, the number of students who ask questions, and student learning outcomes increase significantly on the application of PBL.

Learning media is everything that can channel the message of learning resources in a planned manner, to create a conducive learning environment, where the recipient can carry out the learning process effectively and efficiently. Vocational learning must be effective in meeting basic objectives to prepare vocational graduates to be ready to work. Thus, it is an assignment for lecturers whose function is to prepare vocational teacher candidates. The question that arises is "how should a learning media be developed", so that the learning process in the classroom can run effectively and efficiently, so that students get optimum learning outcomes. For this reason, it is necessary to do research with the title "Development of Electrical Motor Control (EMC) Learning Media as Learning Support for Electrical Power Installation Courses in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Surabaya State University", with the aim of: (1) to develop Electrical Motor Control (EMC) Trainer through research and development (R & D); (2) to find out the feasibility level of the Trainer in a learning perspective; and (3) to determine the effectiveness of the EMC Trainer in the learning process. The study found that: (1) based on the validator's assessment, that the EMC Trainer that had been developed was very feasible to be used in learning in the Electrical Power Installation course; (2) based on the assessment of students, that the EMC Trainer is very suitable to be used in learning courses in Electric Power Installation; and (3) as many as 26 (74.28%) students get scores on learning outcomes in the 71-100 range, with good and excellent categories.

In the world of aviation, and aviator must understand the Instrument of Flight Procedure. Therefore, knowledge needs regarding this. Knowledge is essential and needs to consider in improving individual competencies. This study aims to analyze the influence of knowledge on individual competencies on the Indonesian Aviation Academy cadets and The Indonesian Aviation Polytechnic Curug. This research includes this type of associative research with quantitative approaches. This study's population was cadets for level II and III at the Indonesian Aviation Academy and the Indonesian Aviation Polytechnic of Curug as many as 180 cadets. The research tool uses a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is a simple regression analysis. The result of this study is that knowledge has a significant influence on individual competencies. This result indicates that individual competencies establish through the Knowledge of good Knowledge. Hence the hypothesis that reads “knowledge positively affects the individual's competence” expressed accepted and proven truth.

To prevent the spread and impact of COVID-19, and effective learning, one attempt is to conduct m-learning. The purpose of this study is to analyze: student supporting and inhibiting factors, the effectiveness of m-learning, preventing the spread and impact of COVID-19. The research was conducted through quasi-experimental. A sample of 116 Surabaya State University students. Data on supporting and inhibiting factors, data on the prevention of the spread-impact were obtained through online surveys, and data on the effectiveness of M-Learning using the pretest-posttest results. The data analysis used descriptive, t-test, gain tests. The novelty of this research involves supporting and inhibiting factors, and variables preventing the spread-impact of COVID-19. The results of the study: Supporting factors the suitability of m-learning-RPS-material-video-interactive modules-evaluation-time duration have adequate supporting tools, the ability to access information-online materials and use collaborative software, the discipline of the COVID-19 protocol, parental support, happy, e-learning platform compatible with mobile phones, smooth internet, mobile screen size, ability to communicate via email-WhatsApp, accuracy in completing assignments-evaluations, relax, ability to plan-use time policies, conducive environment. Factors that hinder the ability to understand English content; M-learning can prevent the spread and impact of COVID-19, 100% of students are not exposed and are not affected by COVID-19; M-Learning is effective in improving student competence in terms of the gain is quite high 0.49, the mean pretest 38.41 is significantly different from posttest 76.38. The research results can contribute to developing a distance-learning model in abnormal conditions.

The availability of electricity demand is very high. Many households and industrial equipment are using electricity as the source energy. The reliability of the power system in saving the budget is very much needed. This can be succeeded by doing good and proper operation planning. The important step of the electric power system operation planning is to predict load electricity. The load forecasting can support the corporations of electricity to assign the cost and power generation. Long-term forecasting is a technique of predicting periods for more than one year. The old data will be a guide to solve the issues. In this research, the concept of generalized regression neural network (GRNN) is to predict long-term electricity load. The advantage of the GRNN method can estimate the absolute function between input and output data sets directly from training data. The research was compared to the results of the actual data, Feed Forward Backpropagation Neural Network (FFBNN), Cascade Forward Backpropagation Neural Network (CFBNN) and Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN). The results of the study will be measured and validated using the Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) methods.

Entrepreneurship subjects are adaptive group subjects, so all vocational students obtain this material, although it varies somewhat in the presentation. School average (VHS) provides this subject since the first semester of class 10. The study found that: (1) in general the entrepreneurial attitudes of vocational students still need to be improved; (2) the experience of entrepreneurship education in schools, entrepreneurial attitudes, self-efficacy, and entrepreneurial education in the family and community environment, have a positive and significant effect on the readiness of entrepreneurship of vocational students; (3) entrepreneurial learning through business centers, apprenticeships, and family backgrounds, simultaneously influencing positively and significantly on the entrepreneurial competencies of vocational students; (4) The "SMK Mart" unit plays a positive and meaningful role as an educational, economic and social media in the cultivation of entrepreneurial attitudes for vocational students; (5) teacher skills in teaching entrepreneurship need to be improved; (6) the entrepreneurial learning model in the form of an internet-based e-portfolio has proven effective; and (7) the "entrepreneurial extracurricular" model can function well in order to foster an entrepreneurial spirit for vocational students; and (8) the NHT cooperative learning model can improve learning activities and learning achievements of VHS students.

This study uses adobe flash professional based learning media for experimental class while in control class using CourseLab media. Learning media based on adobe flash professional designed in the form of applications for smartphones and computers or notebooks. This study aims to determine the interaction and differences in learning result for students who have low and high creative thinking level who learn by using adobe flash professional media than students who use the media CourseLab. This research was conducted in department D3 mechatronic class of 2015 at State University of Trunojoyo Madura (UTM) on PLC course and using factorial design 2 x 2, with total of students in the experimental class as much as 44 people and total of students in the control class as many as 26 people. Data Processing Technique for hypothesis testing, used two-independent-samples test technique. If the prerequisite test of normality and homogeneity is not met, we will use the mann-whitney u test technique. Research finds: (1) for students who have a low level of creative thinking, who learn by using adobe flash professional learning media, psychomotor domain learning outcomes is significantly higher than students who learn by using instructional media CourseLab; (2) for students who have a high level of creative thinking, who learn by using adobe flash professional learning media, psychomotor domain learning outcomes is significantly higher than students who learn by using instructional media CourseLab; and (3) there is a significant interaction between the level of students' creative thinking and learning media, to psychomotor domain learning outcomes. Research suggests: (1) research subjects used at least more than 150 students, to obtain better data (normal distributed data); and (2) the preparation of tools and materials must be in accordance with the needs to be used, so that the quality of learning is increasing.

The demands of the world of work require that every student must have competence. Work readiness to enter the world of work can be influenced by several factors. Do soft skills and industrial practical work experience affect vocational students' work readiness? This study aims to obtain a correlation between practical industrial work experience and soft skills on vocational school students' work readiness with quantitative methods through a questionnaire using google form at Vocational High School of RadenPatah, Mojokerto, class XII, majoring in Mechanical Engineering. The data obtained from 72 students in the sample were analyzed by using the Multiple Regression Test using SPSS 23 software. The results of this study indicate: (1) there is a significant correlation with the direction of a positive relationship between industrial work practice experience and work readiness of 24.4% (2) there is a significant correlation with the direction of the positive relationship between soft skills and work readiness of 25.4% (3) there is a significant correlation with the direction of the positive relationship between industrial work practice experience and soft skills simultaneously to work readiness by 31.1%.

This study aims to determine the level of creativity of students who are taught using problem based learning models and students who are taught using direct learning models. To find out the learning outcomes of students who have a high level of creativity and creativity level of creativity is low. The method used in this study is Quasi Experimental. The design used is a 2x2 factorial design, because this design can be used to see student learning outcomes before administering treatments and after giving treatments. The results of the study found: (1) the level of creativity of students who study using a learning model based on higher learning outcomes compared to students who learn with the direct learning model; (2) student learning outcomes with a high level of creativity, significantly higher than students who have low levels of creativity; and (3) there is an interaction between the use of learning models and the level of creativity on student learning outcomes. This study concludes that: (1) problem based learning models can improve student creativity; (2) students who have a high level of creativity, higher learning outcomes than students who have low levels of creativity; and (3) there is an interaction between the use of learning models and the level of creativity on student learning outcomes.

This study aims to analyze the differences in the effectiveness of the Jigsaw cooperative learning model and the direct learning model of student learning outcomes in DKB subjects in class X DPIB of Vocational High School 2 Surakarta; to analyze the differences in learning outcomes between students who have high critical thinking skills and students who have low critical thinking skills in DKB subjects in class X DPIB Vocational High School 2 Surakarta; and to analyze whether there is an interaction between the learning model and students' critical thinking skills towards student learning outcomes in the class X DKB DPIB Vocational High School 2 Surakarta. This study is a quantitative experimental study with a 2x2 factorial design. The sample of this study was the tenth grade students of DPIB Vocational High School 2 Surakarta in the 2018/2019 academic year, totaling 64 students. Data obtained from the results of observations, interviews, and tests. The data analysis technique uses 2-way Anava technique. The results is study's learning using Jigsaw cooperative learning model obtain the results of cognitive learning higher significant than learning outcomes cognitive students learn by using direct learning model on the subjects of DKB in Vocational High School 2 Surakarta; cognitive learning outcomes for students who have critical thinking skills height significantly higher than the results of cognitive learning students who have the skills to think critically low on the subjects of DKB in Vocational High School 2 Surakarta; and there is a very significant interaction between the learning model and the skill level which is critical to the cognitive learning outcomes of students in the DKB subjects at Vocational High School 2 Surakarta.

The purpose of this research is: (1) to determine the quality of the learning medium of electromagnetic control trainers and learning devices, and learning instruments using problem-based learning models; (2) to know the influence of students ' learning outcomes between the learning media of electromagnetic control trainers and industry panels on student learning outcomes. This type of research used was experimental quasi research with a quantitative approach and a Nonequivalent control group design. The learning outcomes in this study were the results of the study of the cognitive sphere, the study of the affective realm, and the results of learning psychomotor realm. Data collection is with test sheets on pretes and postes for cognitive learning outcomes, observation sheets of students learning attitudes for the results of the affective realm and observation sheets for psychomotor realm learning outcomes. The results showed that: (1) The learning medium of electromagnetic control trainers, learning devices, and learning instruments using problem-based learning models received excellent quality results; (2) Learning results of students who learn to use the learning media of the higher electromagnetic control trainer significantly compared to the learning outcomes of students who learn using industrial panel media.

At present, many problems that occur in the school environment are mainly related to the low character values. There is a lot of cheating in the National Examination, student fights, child abuse, drug abuse, corruption, and various other social riots. From a number of these problems can be asked the question "what is the effect of character education on the entrepreneurial readiness of Vocational High School (SMK) students?". To answer these questions, research needs to be held. This research was conducted through a literature review of references and relevant research results, and continued through focus group discussion (FGD). The research found: (1) there is an influence of character education on the level of entrepreneurial readiness of vocational students; (2) character education values that influence entrepreneurial readiness, are creative, independent, honest, cooperative, curiosity, disciplined, courageous to take risks, strong motivation for success, communicative, realistic, commitment, never give up, oriented to action, leadership, and innovation; (3)Vocational students must obtain character education in accordance with the character possessed by an entrepreneur. Because in character education includes discipline, honesty, cooperation, curiosity, creativity and independence, almost all must also be owned by an entrepreneur; (4) The relationship between vocational students who already have character education will grow a mentality for entrepreneurship; andEntrepreneurial readiness is influenced by four dimensions of entrepreneurial readiness, namely intention, ability, learning and attraction; and (5)In order for entrepreneurial readiness to be realized optimally, there must be support from the government, changes in various theories that lead to improvement, and open to various developing innovations.

Vocational education has an important role in the effort to create a workforce that has competencies that are in accordance with the needs of the industrial world. But the open unemployment rate in Indonesia in February 2018 was 6.87 million people and 8.92% of them were graduates of VHS. Why does that much unemployment happen? Is the learning process at VHS not yet qualified, so that the quality of VHS graduates is still low? Can the teaching factory improve the quality of VHS graduates? To answer this question, research needs to be done. This research was conducted using literature studies on related references, and a number of research reports on teaching factories conducted at VHS and continued with FGD. The results of the study concluded that the teaching factory consisted of planning, organizing, implementing, and evaluating. The teaching factory developed was integrated with the production unit that was used for the practice of students, so that VHS graduates became qualified and ready to enter the workforce.

Coconut fiber, is a by-product of coconut commodities which can be further processed into batik dye material, due to the tannin content it has. However, it is necessary to evaluate the intensity and color fastness produced. In this study an evaluation of the results of the cotton fiber dyeing using coconut fiber material water extract. Utilization of alum mordant and a number of fixers is done to further optimize color quality. The results show the appearance of black, light brown and dark brown shades in the respective cotton fibers for dyeing process which are fixed with iron (II) sulfate, alum and lime. The intensity of the resulting color is in the range 67.83% -86.29%, with the fixer iron (II) sulfate as the producer of the highest intensity and alum as the lowest. The resulting color fastness is on the staining scale 3-4 and 4. This value indicates the great potential of coconut fiber material to be developed as a natural dyeing material for batik.