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The development of highly efficient and cost-effective hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts is highly desirable to efficiently promote the HER process, especially under alkaline condition. Herein, a polyoxometalates-organic-complex-induced carbonization method is developed to construct MoO2/Mo3P/Mo2C triple-interface heterojunction encapsulated into nitrogen-doped carbon with urchin-like structure using ammonium phosphomolybdate and dopamine. Furthermore, the mass ratio of dopamine and ammonium phosphomolybdate is found critical for the successful formation of such triple-interface heterojunction. Theoretical calculation results demonstrate that such triple-interface heterojunctions possess thermodynamically favorable water dissociation Gibbs free energy (ΔGH2O) of -1.28 eV and hydrogen adsorption Gibbs free energy (ΔGH*) of -0.41 eV due to the synergistic effect of Mo2C and Mo3P as water dissociation site and H* adsorption/desorption sites during the HER process in comparison to the corresponding single components. Notably, the optimal heterostructures exhibit the highest HER activity with the low overpotential of 69 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 60.4 mV dec−1 as well as good long-term stability for 125 h. Such remarkable results have been theoretically and experimentally proven to be due to the synergistic effect between the unique heterostructures and the encapsulated nitrogen-doped carbon.

This study investigates the stability problem of load frequency control (LFC) for power systems with interval time-varying delays. The two categories of time delays, the lower bound being zero and non-zero, are considered. The systems can be described as time delay systems of load disturbances. First, an augmented Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) is constructed. Some delay-dependent nonintegral terms and single integral terms are additionally introduced to make full use of the information on the system state variables and the time-varying delays. Second, to overcome the problem of nonlinear inequalities caused by the augmented LKF, the nonlinear inequalities are converted into linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) by applying the new negative definite inequality equivalence transformation lemma, which can be solved easily by the MATLAB LMI toolbox. A new stability criterion is presented by applying the Lyapunov stability theory. The stability criterion is less conservative than some existing literature studies, which further improves the stability margin for the power systems based on LFC. Finally, some numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method and the superiority of the results.

Additional file 1.

Additional file 2. The relationship between XRCC4 expression and pan-cancer immune subtypes. (A) in BLCA, (B) in SKCM, (C) in KIRP, (D) in THCA, (E) in KIRC, (F) in OV, (G) in LUSC, (H) in SARC and (I) in READ.

Additional file 1. XRCC4-related cell type distribution using single-cell RNA sequencing database. (A, B, D, E, G, H, J, K, M, N, P, Q) The cell types and their distribution in BRCA_GSE176078, KICH_GSE159115, KIRC_GSE171306, LIHC_GSE146409, PRAD_GSE141445 and STAD_GSE134520 datasets. (C, F, I, L, O, R) Distribution of XRCC4 expression in different cell types using violin plot.

Additional file 3. The relationship between XRCC4 expression and infiltrating immune cells. The correlation was adjusted by tumor purity. (A) in BLCA, (B) in HNSC and (C) in THYM.

Sub-µm CaCO3 (calcite; CC) particles were converted to calcium monohydrogenphosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) via soaking treatments in K2HPO4 solutions with varied pH (3–12) and concentrations (0.1–1.5 M) at 37°C for up to 10 days. DCPD was derived from the solutions with pH ≤ 6; while hollow HAp was yielded when pH ≥ 7 in assemblies of petal-like crystallites. Results of magic angle spinning (MAS) and cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CP-MAS) NMR studies have shown that the HAp lattice has only PO4 2− but no HPO4 2− at B (phosphate) sites. Trace amounts of CO3 2− have occupied both A (OH) and B (PO4) sites, and H2O is adsorbed on surface crystallites. The primary crystallite size of HAp derived from Scherrer equation increases quickly in a 12 h period and becomes gradually stable afterward. Samples of particles soaked within 3 h in a temperature range of 20–80°C were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. It is shown that the rate constant of 1 M solution is about an order of magnitude greater than that of 0.1 M solution and the apparent activation energy is 33 kJ/mol. In this work, the conversion of CC to HAp can be quantitatively controlled to solve the problem of slow degradation of HAp.

Objective To evaluate the effects of preconditioning with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor on hypoxic-ischemic hippocampal neurons and dendritic spines in neonatal rats. Methods Seventy-five neonatal (7-day-old) rats were randomly divided into control group, hypoxia-ischemia group (HI group) and TAK-242 (a TLR4-specific antagonist) group. In the latter 2 groups, rat models of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) were established using the Rice method, and in TAK-242 group, a single dose of TAK-242 (0.5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 30 min prior to HI. Western blotting was used to detect TLR4 expression in the left hippocampus of the rats 24 h after HI. On day 21 following the modeling, HE staining, Nissl staining and Golgi silver staining were used to assess neuronal loss and the changes in dendritic spine density in the left hippocampus. The expression of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptors 2A and 2B (NR2A and NR2B) was detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Results The expression of TLR4 in the left hippocampus of the neonatal rats increased significantly at 24 h after HI (P < 0.05), and TAK-242 obviously suppressed the up-regulated expression of TLR4 (P < 0.05). Compared with those in the control group, the number of neurons, dendritic spine density and the expression of NR2A all decreased significantly in the left hippocampus of the rats at 21 d after HI (P < 0.05); pretreatment with TAK-242 obviously alleviated these changes (P < 0.05). Conclusion TLR4 inhibitor can mitigate HI-induced long-term damage of the hippocampal neurons and the dendritic spines.

Conversion of calcium carbonate (calcite; CC) to hydroxyapatite (HAp) was examined when the CC particles of sub μm size were soaked at 37 °C for up to 10 d in 0.15 M K2HPO4 (20 ml), whose pH was set to 3–12. Here, the solution contained amino acids, such as glutamine (Glu), arginine (Arg), and glycine (Gly), and their content varied from 0–1.0 g per ml of solution. From the X-ray diffraction (XRD) intensity of the 104 and 211 diffractions of calcite and apatite, respectively, it was seen that the presence of the amino acids promoted the conversion. This was supported by the thermogravimetry (TG) results. The highest promotion was observed at 0.5 g addition of amino acids to the phosphate solution, while Glu showed the highest promotion among the amino acids and Gly the lowest. A scanning electron microscopy study indicated that petal-like HAp nano-crystallites covered the entire surface of the CC particles when they were soaked in the phosphate solution with 0.1 g or more of amino acid for 10 d. The XRD intensity ratio 104(CC)/211(HAp) indicated greater CC to HAp conversion in the solutions at pH 3 and 6 than in the more alkaline solutions. This was attributed to the dissolution of CC in the acidic solutions, which was confirmed by bubbling in these solutions.

Few studies have examined the association between hemoglobin (Hb) levels and early neurological changes following acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The present research investigated whether higher or lower Hb level on admission was associated with early neurological deterioration (END) in AIS patients. Furthermore, we evaluated the predictive effect of Hb concentration on stable or improving outcome. In this prospective cohort study, a total of 1330 patients admitted within 24 hours after AIS onset were finally involved in the analysis. We classified participants into four groups according to baseline Hb levels: ≤120, 121–140, 141–160, and >160 g/L. The risk of END was accessed by means of logistic regression analysis, and tendency of improvement and stability by multinomial logit analysis. We further evaluated the pattern and magnitude of association of Hb as a continuous variable and END by multivariate logistic regression analysis of restricted cubic spline. Compared with the reference group, hemoglobin >160 g/L was associated with END (OR, 95%CI; 2.149, 1.314–3.512) and severe END (OR, 95% CI as 2.317, 1.351–3.976 and 2.810,1.589–4.968, respectively). Comparatively, higher Hb level also independently predicted improving (OR, 95% CI; 0.322, 0.170–0.609) and stable (OR, 95% CI; 0.371, 0.205–0.673) outcome. Similar results were found when restricted to anterior circulation ischemic stroke after adjustment of variables including large vessel disease. We concluded that patients with higher baseline Hb level are at significantly higher risk for END, and less likely to reach stable or improving status at the early stage of stroke.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Genetic association of Lp(a) level related 13 genetic variants with cardiovascular disease subtypes. Table S2. MR base single SNP. Figure 1–1. MR leave-one-out sensitivity analysis for Lp(a) on Congestive Heart Failure. Figure 1–2. MR leave-one-out sensitivity analysis for Lp(a) on Ischemic Stroke. Figure 1–3. MR leave-one-out sensitivity analysis for Lp(a) on Atrial Fibrillation. Figure 1–4. MR leave-one-out sensitivity analysis for Lp(a) on Arrhythmia. Figure 1–5. MR leave-one-out sensitivity analysis for Lp(a) on Left Ventricular Mass Index. Figure 1–6. MR leave-one-out sensitivity analysis for Lp(a) on Left Ventricular Internal Dimension in Diastole. Figure 1–7. MR leave-one-out sensitivity analysis for Lp(a) on Left Ventricular Internal Dimension in Systole. Figure 2–1. Single SNP analysis for Lp(a) on Congestive Heart Failure. Figure 2–2. Single SNP analysis for Lp(a) on Ischemic Stroke. Figure 2–3. Single SNP analysis for Lp(a) on Atrial Fibrillation. Figure 2–4. Single SNP analysis for Lp(a) on Arrhythmia. Figure 2–5. Single SNP analysis for Lp(a) on Left Ventricular Mass Index. Figure 2–6. Single SNP analysis for Lp(a) on Left Ventricular Internal Dimension in Diastole. Figure 2–7. Single SNP analysis for Lp(a) on Left Ventricular Internal Dimension in Systole

Cyclable lithium batteries with a lithium metal anode are of great interest for future mobile and stationary applications due to their high potential energy density. To suppress lithium dendrite formation and growth, solid electrolytes (all-solid-state-batteries) are an alternative for liquid electrolytes. Compared with all other solid electrolytes, the ceramic lithium garnet solid electrolyte Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) features a high thermal, electrochemical, and chemical stability. Due to its nonflammable nature, it is beneficial for battery cell safety. Despite major research efforts, an industrially applicable process route to produce the ceramic solid electrolyte has not been identified yet. Herein, film fabrication at room temperature of Al0.2Li6.025La3Zr1.625Ta0.375O12 (ALLZTO) via powder aerosol deposition (PAD) on a scalable apparatus is investigated. In addition to the description of synthesis and process conditions regarding industrial scalability, the sprayed 30 μm-thick PAD films are examined optically and electrochemically in half cells and symmetrical cells with lithium metal electrodes. By categorizing the process data and the electrochemical results compared with common reported production methods, a statement about the suitability for the industrial production of ceramic solid electrolytes using PAD is provided.

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has a wide range of important applications in various fields including chemical industry, environmental remediation, and sustainable energy conversion/storage. Nevertheless, the stark disconnect between today's huge market demand and the historical unsustainability of the currently-used industrial anthraquinone-based production process is promoting extensive research on the development of efficient, energy-saving and sustainable methods for H2O2 production. Among several sustainable strategies, H2O2 production via electrochemical and photochemical routes has shown particular appeal, because only water, O2, and solar energy/electricity are involved during the whole process. In the past few years, considerable efforts have been devoted to the development of advanced electrocatalysts and photocatalysts for efficient and scalable H2O2 production with high efficiency and stability. In this review, we compare and contrast the two distinct yet inherently closely linked catalytic processes, before we detail recent advances in the design, preparation, and applications of different H2O2 catalyst systems from the viewpoint of electrochemical and photochemical approaches. We close with a balanced perspective on remaining future scientific and technical challenges and opportunities.

[Purpose/significance] Collaborative innovation is the strategic choice and fundamental driving force to orderly relieve Beijing's non-capital functions and promote coordinated development of Jing-Jin-Ji region. [Method/process]According to the strategic needs of collaborative development of Jing-Jin-Ji Region, this paper proposed the design ideas and general framework of collaborative innovation and development map system based on GIS. Then system application was demonstrated from three aspects, i.e. spatial distribution characteristics and stock analysis of innovation resources, the correlation analysis among innovation subjects, and the information integration display of innovation spatial pattern.[Result/conclusion] It can be concluded that the system can effectively process innovation resource space data and attribute data, and vividly show spatial distribution of innovation resources and collaborative development trend in Jing-Jin-Ji region. It is efficient to track and monitor regional development trend of collaborative innovation in time and is helpful to reveal innovation resources spatial distribution characteristics and existing problems, providing data for the collaborative innovation development level and efficiency evaluation in Jing-Jin-Ji region.

Material balance pseudo-time has the characteristics of both pseudo-time and material balance time; it can not only realize the linearization of gas flow equation, but also establish equivalent relation of gas wells between variable rate and constant rate, it becomes one of the most important parameters in modern production analysis. In addition, due to the complicated mechanism of gas and water flow and the difficulty in describing the gas and water relationship, the production analysis method for the water production gas well is still in the exploratory stage, and there is no effective method which is widely adopted. Therefore, this paper starts from the material balance equation of gas-water reservoir, builds the expression of material balance pseudo-time, and acquires water content in gas reservoir by the use of production index curves method. In further, it is possible to calculate permeability (K), drainage radius (Re), gas well reserve (G), and so on. Consequently, a production analysis method which provides effective guidance for water production gas wells is built.

Under cold climate conditions, the temporal and spatial distribution of heat and the influencing factors in different layers of Albic soil remain unclear. Here, we aimed to clarify the influence of biochar on soil heat storage capacity and identify approaches to regulate temporal-spatial variations in Albic soil temperature. To this end, we studied thermal properties and temporal-spatial temperature variations in different soil layers (10 and 20 cm) amended with biochar at different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 g·kg-1) in the key growth stages of soybeans through pot experiments for two years. We found that the daily mean soil temperature and accumulated soil temperature improved during the 2 years in both soil layers after biochar application. Compared with the control, the biochar treatments increased soil daily minimum temperature, decreased soil daily maximum temperature and soil temperature fluctuations, postponed the soil heating stage by 1 h, and caused a "warming effect" during the soil cooling stage. Furthermore, biochar treatment enhanced the thermal capacity of the Albic soil by 7.49% and 6.53% compared with the control in 2016 and 2017, respectively, whereas thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity were decreased compared with the control. Biochar regulated the temporal-spatial response variation in temperature of the Albic soil as follows: biochar distributed heat in the Albic soil more uniformly over time by changing the soil temperature cycle and reducing the temperature difference, and heat tended to move downwards into the soil layers by increasing the heat capacity and reducing soil thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. Biochar changed the heat storage capacity of the Albic soil and temporal-spatial distribution of heat. These changes provide sufficient, timely, and effective heat supply for crop growth. Furthermore, biochar treatments had a significant and positive effect on soil physical properties and crop yield. In cold areas, these changes would help crops resist temperature changes caused by extreme weather and reduce the rate of cold damage. The results of this study have important practical relevance for enriching the basic scientific theory of biochar application.

Diesel generators and power battery hybrid all electric ship is the research object in this paper. The key components of the hybrid power system models are established and the energy management strategy is studied. The diesel generators power output is chosen as control variables and a logic threshold control strategy is suggested taking the diesel fuel economy and efficiency as the control target. Fuzzy algorithm is used to further improve the logic threshold energy control strategy. The two algorithms are validated by the hybrid ship physical simulation platform. The experimental results show that the improved fuzzy energy control strategy can be adapted to various ship maneuver scenarios and has good fuel economy, compared with the traditional logic threshold energy control strategy.

Backgrounds: Sleep disorders (SDs) are commonly occurred in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and always bring with uncomfortable experience Lavender hot-bathing, foot-soaking, or progressive relaxation have been widely used to provide comfortable feeling for CLD patients and promote their sleep quality. Aims: Thus, the aim of present study is to investigate effective intervention from above mentioned in the managements of SD and promote sleep quality for CLD patients. Methods: This study was conducted in People's Liberation Army No. 302 Hospital. A total of 317 subjects joined in our research. Initially, 197 CLD patients were enrolled and divided randomly into four groups for receiving lavender hot-bathing and foot-soaking, progressive relaxation, or the combination of both methods, and controls. After that, all of enrolled subjects were given sleep state questionnaires to assess their sleep qualities and other associated factors. Self-rating scores of sleep (SRSS) was sued to assess sleep disorder. Furthermore, another cohort with 120 CLD patients were also investigated for further confirming related findings. Results: The SRSS scores were significantly higher in the patients with CLD (62.94%) than those of domestic common model and internal medicine inpatients. However, all three methods of intervention were effectively decreased SRSS scores. The four mostly influencing factors of sleep states were short sleep, difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep and early morning awakening. Besides, age was identified as one of associating with sleep states. 44.67% of patients suffered from polyuria, abdominal distention or itch of skin. And those factors contributed to major risk factors of sleep disorder. Furthermore, sleep states also influenced by environmental interference (37.06%). Conclusion: The health managements of health education could reduce risk factors and implement intervention strategies, effectively decreased occurrence of sleep disorder related symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: This study further explores the stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) signaling axis mechanism in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (OA) by detecting the changes in CXCR4, interleukin (IL)-6, and collagen X expression in the ATDC5 cell line stimulated by the cyclic tensile strain and SDF-1. METHODS: Insulin-transferrin-selenium(ITS) was used to induce ATDC5 cells to differentiate into chondrocyte-like cells. After three weeks, the cells were divided into two groups: those with and without cyclic tensile strain. These groups were further divided into the negative control and SDF-1 groups. Strain force of 20% was applied. After 12 h, the total proteins were extracted from cells of the four groups, and Western blot analysis was used to detect the changes in CXCR4, IL-6, and collagen X expression. RESULTS: SDF-1 could enhance CXCR4, IL-6, and collagen X expressions in the chondrocytes, and 20% tensile strain force could further upregulate the three factors. CONCLUSION: Under abnormal tensile force, SDF-1 can upregulate its specific receptor CXCR4, thus increasing its binding efficiency and resulting in the activation of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis. This condition enhances the expressions of IL-6 and other inflammatory factors and directly damages to cartilage tissue. Such damage directly promotes chondrocyte hypertrophy, which enhances collagen X expression.

China, now the world’s second-largest economy with a massive user crowd, there is a surge growth of mobile internet business, products and users. Every year, numerous of new companies and products are incubated or landed in this market, some of them made huge success, and lots of them failed too.