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Pinger Wang,1– 3,* Jianbo Xu,1,* Qi Sun,4,* Qinwen Ge,2,3 Min Qiu,1 Kaiao Zou,2,3 Jun Ying,3,5 Wenhua Yuan,2,3 Jiali Chen,2,3 Qinghe Zeng,2,3 Qi Cui,1 Hongting Jin,2,3 Chunchun Zhang,1 Fanzhu Li1 1College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3The First College of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Orthopedic Joint Surgery, Hangzhou Fuyang Hospital of TCM Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chunchun Zhang, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 571-86613684, Email 20081026@zcmu.edu.cn Fanzhu Li, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 571-86613684, Email lifanzhu@zcmu.edu.cnBackground: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is the primary prevalent disabling joint disorder among osteoarthritis (OA), and there is no particularly effective treatment at the clinic. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs, such as Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. (E.G.) couplet medicines, have been reported to exhibit beneficial health effects on KOA, exact mechanism of E.G. nevertheless is not fully elucidated.Purpose: We assess the therapeutic effects of E.G. on KOA and explore its underlying molecular mechanism.Methods: UPLC-Q-TOF/MS technique was used to analyze the active chemical constituents of E.G. The destabilization of the medial meniscus model (DMM) was employed to evaluate the chondroprotective action of E.G. in KOA mice using histomorphometry, μCT, behavioral testing and immunohistochemical staining. Additionally, network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to predict potential targets for anti-KOA activities of E.G., which was further verified through in vitro experiments.Results: In vivo studies have shown that E.G. could significantly ameliorate DMM-induced KOA phenotypes including subchondral bone sclerosis, cartilage degradation, gait abnormality and thermal pain reaction sensibility. E.G. treatment could also promote extracellular matrix synthesis to protect articular chondrocytes, which was indicated by Col2 and Aggrecan expressions, as well as reducing matrix degradation by inhibiting MMP13 expression. Interestingly, network pharmacologic analysis showed that PPARG might be a therapeutic center. Further study proved that E.G.-containing serum (EGS) could up-regulate PPARG mRNA level in IL-1β-induced chondrocytes. Notably, significant effects of EGS on the increment of anabolic gene expressions (Col2, Aggrecan) and the decrement of catabolic gene expressions (MMP13, Adamts5) in KOA chondrocytes were abolished due to the silence of PPARG.Conclusion: E.G. played a chondroprotective role in anti-KOA by inhibiting extracellular matrix degradation, which might be related to PPARG.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: couplet medicines, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, network pharmacology, cartilage degeneration, knee osteoarthritis, PPARG

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a mass spectrometry ionization technique that can be used to directly analyze tissues and has led the way in the development of biological and clinical applications for imaging mass spectrometry. One of its advantages is measuring the distribution of a large number of analytes at one time without destroying the sample, making it a useful method in tissue-based studies. However, analysis of the MALDI-MSI images from tissue microarrays (TMAs) remains less studied. While several automated systems have been developed for tissue classification (e.g., cancer vs non-cancer), they process the MALDI data at the measuring point level, which ignores spatial relationships among individual points within the tissue sample. In this work, we propose mNet, a new deep learning framework to analyze MALDI-MSI data of TMAs at the tissue-needle-core level to ensure that the samples maintain their original spatial context. In addition, we introduced data augmentation techniques to increase data size which is often limited in biomedical data. We applied our framework to analyzing TMAs from breast and lung cancer. We found that our framework outperforms conventional machine learning methods in the challenging race detection task. The results highlight the potential of deep learning to assist pathologists in analyzing tissue specimens in a label-free, high-throughput manner.

Jingjun Xie,1 Jinxia Li,2 Qi Sun1 1Department of Acupuncture, The First People’s Hospital of Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Acupuncture, Huzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang, 313000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jinxia Li, Email lijinxia310@163.comObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave combined with warm acupuncture for external humeral epicondylitis.Methods: Eighty-two patients with external humeral epicondylitis were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. Patients in the control group were treated with extracorporeal shock waves while those in observation group with warm acupuncture on the basis of the control group. Patients in both groups were evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS), Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH) before and after treatment. The inflammatory factors such as IL-6, IL-10, TNF-ɑ and clinical outcomes were contrasted before and after treatment.Results: There were statistically significant differences in VAS score, MEPS score and DASH score between the two groups before and after treatment (P< 0.05), and the improvement of each score in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group. After treatment, the inflammatory factors of the two groups were lower than those before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). The decrease of inflammatory factors in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group. The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05).Conclusion: Extracorporeal shock wave combined with warm acupuncture could effectively improve the pain symptoms and dysfunction of external humeral epicondylitis and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors, and its effect may be better than that of extracorporeal shock wave treatment alone.Clinical Trial Registration: ChiCTR2200066075.Keywords: extracorporeal shock wave, warm acupuncture, external humeral epicondylitis, a randomized clinical trial

This study describes a new release of the Arabidopsis thaliana PeptideAtlas proteomics resource providing protein sequence coverage, matched mass spectrometry (MS) spectra, selected PTMs, and metadata. 70 million MS/MS spectra were matched to the Araport11 annotation, identifying ∼0.6 million unique peptides and 18267 proteins at the highest confidence level and 3396 lower confidence proteins, together representing 78.6% of the predicted proteome. Additional identified proteins not predicted in Araport11 should be considered for building the next Arabidopsis genome annotation. This release identified 5198 phosphorylated proteins, 668 ubiquitinated proteins, 3050 N-terminally acetylated proteins and 864 lysine-acetylated proteins and mapped their PTM sites. MS support was lacking for 21.4% (5896 proteins) of the predicted Araport11 proteome – the ‘dark’ proteome. This dark proteome is highly enriched for certain ( e.g. CLE, CEP, IDA, PSY) but not other ( e.g. THIONIN, CAP,) signaling peptides families, E3 ligases, TFs, and other proteins with unfavorable physicochemical properties. A machine learning model trained on RNA expression data and protein properties predicts the probability for proteins to be detected. The model aids in discovery of proteins with short-half life ( e.g. SIG1,3 and ERF-VII TFs) and completing the proteome. PeptideAtlas is linked to TAIR, JBrowse, PPDB, SUBA, UniProtKB and Plant PTM Viewer.

BackgroundGiven the key role of integrins in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, anti-integrin biologics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are being investigated in full swing. However, the unsatisfactory efficacy and safety of current anti-integrin biologics in clinical trials limit their widespread use in clinic. Therefore, it is particularly important to find a target that is highly and specifically expressed in the intestinal epithelium of patients with IBD.MethodsThe function of integrin αvβ6 in IBD and colitis-associated carcinoma (CAC) with the underlying mechanisms has been less studied. In the present study, we detected the level of integrin β6 within inflammation including colitis tissues in human and mouse. To investigate the role of integrin β6 in IBD and CAC, integrin β6 deficient mice were hence generated based on the construction of colitis and CAC model.ResultsWe noted that integrin β6 was significantly upregulated in inflammatory epithelium of patients with IBD. Integrin β6 deletion not only reduced infiltration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but also attenuated disruption of tight junctions between colonic epithelial cells. Meanwhile, lack of integrin β6 affected macrophage infiltration in mice with colitis. This study further revealed that lack of integrin β6 could inhibit tumorigenesis and tumor progression in CAC model by influencing macrophage polarization, which was also involved in attenuating the degree of intestinal symptoms and inflammatory responses in mice suffering from colitis.ConclusionsThe present research provides a potentially new perspective and option for the treatment of IBD and CAC.

We study the event horizon of a rotating Bardeen black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter and the black hole as a particle accelerator. The black hole is represented by four parameters: mass $M$, rotation parameter $a$, dark matter parameter $\alpha$ and magnetic charge $g$. It is interesting that when we determine the values of magnetic charge $g$ and dark matter parameters $\alpha$ we can get a critical rotation parameter $a_E$ and then we get a contour plane with $\Delta$= 0 taking three parameters as coordinates. We also derive the effective potential of the particle and the centre-of-mass (CM) energy of the two particles outside the black hole by using the motion equation of the particle in the equatorial plane of the black hole. We find that the CM energy depends not only on the rotation parameter $a$, but also on the parameters $g$ and $\alpha$. We discuss the CM energy for two particles colliding at the black hole horizon in the extreme and non-extreme cases, respectively. It is found that the CM energy can be arbitrarily high when the angular momentum of one of the two particles is the critical angular momentum under the background of extreme black holes and there is no such result for non-extreme black holes, because the particles do not reach the black hole horizon when the angular momentum of the particles is critical angular momentum. Therefore, we prove that the rotating Bardeen black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter can be used as a particle accelerator., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 2 Tables

Prostate cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies, and androgen deprivation therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for prostate cancer patients. Although androgen deprivation can initially come to remission, the disease often develops into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is still dependent on androgen receptor (AR) signaling and is related to a poor prognosis. Some success against CRPC has been achieved by drugs that target AR signaling, but secondary resistance uninterrupted emerges, and new therapies are urgently needed. In this study, we identified a potent small molecule compound, ZY-444, that suppressed PCa cells proliferation and metastasis, and inhibited tumor growth both in subcutaneous. Transcriptome sequencing analysis showed that TNFAIP3 was significantly elevated in prostate cancer cells after ZY-444 treatment. Further studies through overexpression of TNFAIP3 confirmed that TNFAIP3, as a direct target gene of ZY-444, contributes to the functions of ZY-444. In addition, we demonstrated the effects of TNFAIP3 on prostate cancer cell apoptosis, migration and proliferation to elucidate the mechanism of ZY-444. We found that TNFAIP3 inhibited the TNF signaling pathway, which could inhibit cell migration and proliferation and contribute to apoptosis. Overall, these findings highlighted TNFAIP3 as a tumor suppressor gene in the regulation of the progression and metastatic potential of prostate cancer and that targeting TNFAIP3 by ZY-444 might be a promising strategy for prostate cancer treatment.

In the era of molecular targeted drugs, elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are still very difficult to treat, especially those older than 70 years. The decline in immune function leads to serious infection and disease recurrence. The microtransplant treatment regimen (MST) chemotherapy combined with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell infusion is a new cell therapy regimen. The aim of this MST study was to improve the survival of elderly patients by graft versus leukemia action and improving T-cell immune function. From May 2012 to July 2020, one hundred and eleven patients aged 70 to 88 years with de novo AML were analyzed retrospectively. After induction chemotherapy, patients whom complete remission (CR) was achieved were given another 2 cycles of postremission therapy. The MST groups were given allogeneic stem cell infusion after each chemotherapy cycle. CR, leukemia-free survival, and overall survival (OS) were compared between groups. Additionally, the immune function and the T cell receptor (TCR) library of T cells were detected and analyzed. The MST group exhibited an encouragingly high CR rate (63.8%), even in high-risk patients (54%), and this rate was significantly higher than that in the chemotherapy alone group. The 1-year OS of MST patients was 57.7%, and it was 55.9% in the high-risk group. It was only 37.3% in the chemotherapy alone group. Higher numbers of naive T cells were found in the MST population than in the chemotherapy alone group. More updated T-cell clones were observed in MST patients by T-cell receptor repertoire analysis with a next-generation sequencing methodology. These results suggest that MST is a safe and practical regimen conducive to longer-term survival in patients of a highly advanced age with AML. Furthermore, it has broad clinical value in the recovery of immune function in elderly patients.

Thermal composites are widely used in thermal management. Usually, they consist of polymers and fillers. In pursuit of higher thermal conductivity, the fillers are mostly spherical particles for higher packing density. In previous work, the relationship between particle size distribution (PSD) and packing density was studied, especially the parameters such as polydispersity δ and the skewness S are defined to characterize the PSD. However, in our observation, for sieving process, which is very helpful in manipulating PSD and thus tuning thermal conductivity, δ and S are not good enough to explain most of the compositing results. Here, we suggest a new set of indices (bias-normal indices) to evaluate the sieving efficacy. Three kinds of ceramic powders (MgO, Al2O3, and AlN) and their single- and triple-order composites materials were prepared. The results show that the explanations based on bias-normal ratio index agree well with all the experiments. Thus, this new indicator is competent in guiding the recipe design of the thermal composite materials, and when well-designed recipes are employed, sieving is proven an efficient and simple way to promote the thermal performance, which is of great practical value.

Using qualitative research methods and taking Wulin in Jinjiang, Quanzhou City as an example, this study investigated the construction characteristics of Qiaoxiang's place meaning superposition from three aspects: entity dimension, social relations and local values, and revealed the superposition process of the place meaning of Qiaoxiang under the background of tourism development and the resulting place identity problems of different subjects including overseas Chinese. The study found that: (1) The superposition of place meaning under the dislocation of man and land is mainly completed through transmission mechanisms such as imagination and tourism system, which makes the overseas Chinese "absent in form" but "present everywhere in content" in Qiaoxiang, and promotes the transformation of Wulin into a place pattern mixed with tradition and modernity. (2) The superposition of place meaning has the attribute of relationship, and multivariate interactions are the remarkable features during its formation. The place meaning is essentially a manifestation of the man-land relationship. When the man-land relationship is no longer determined by the traditional geographic relationship or kinship, the weak bond relationship between man and land cannot be consolidated by the place meaning, which is manifested as the alienation of the relationship of "overseas Chinese-family members-hometown". (3) In terms of local values, the place meaning of Qiaoxiang has experienced a meaning superposition from the home scale to the national and ethnic scales, highlighting the selective representation of power on the place meaning in the context of tourism, and dynamically displaying the controversy on the orientation of spatial values of different subjects and the guidance of the national mainstream cultural values to the local. (4) In the context of tourism development, the superposition of the place meaning of Qiaoxiang has triggered the instrumental and selective "shopping cart" identity of overseas Chinese and the differentiated identity of local residents, and the identity structure of different subjects is full of tension, differentiation and even conflict.

Huan Xiao,1 Qian-nan Zhang,1 Qi-xiang Sun,2 Lao-dong Li,2 Si-yue Xu,2 Chao-qian Li1 1Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Chao-qian Li,Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 13807887867, Fax +86 771-5350031, Email Lichaoqiangood@163.comPurpose: The Hippo signaling pathway participates in the restriction of cell proliferation and organ growth. Activated macrophages have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Recent studies have shown that Hippo signaling pathway may also be involved in the regulation of asthma. However, the link between Hippo signaling pathway and macrophages in the context of allergic asthma has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to explore the link between Hippo signaling pathway and macrophages using a mice model of OVA-induced allergic asthma.Methods: Mice models of asthma were established. Lung tissues were collected from mice and pooled for mRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The relative mRNA expression of Hippo signalling pathway-related proteins Yap1, Lef1 and Ctgf was also measured. Double immunofluorescence staining was performed on lung tissues to evaluate macrophage marker F4/80 expression and Yap1/Lef1/Ctgf expression.Results: Results of the RNA-Seq of lung tissues demonstrated that the Hippo signaling pathway was down-regulated in OVA-induced allergic asthma. Using the cytoHubba tool kits in Cytoscape, the following top 10 hub genes of Hippo signalling pathway were identified: Yap1, Lef1, Ctgf, Ccnd1, Axin2, Smad7, Wnt4, Wnt3a, Pard6b, and Wwc1. Using the seq-ImmuCC (http://218.4.234.74:3200/immune/), a negative correlation was found between macrophages and Hippo signaling pathway activity (R2 = 0.93). The mRNA expression levels of pulmonary Yap1, Lef1, and Ctgf were down-regulated in the mice model of OVA-induced allergic asthma. Moreover, double-stained immunofluorescence for F4/80 and Yap1, Lef1, Ctgf in mouse lung sections respectively revealed that macrophage proliferation was correlated with downregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway in the mice model of OVA-induced allergic asthma.Conclusion: These results demonstrated that the Hippo signaling pathway was down-regulated in asthma mice, and the proliferation of macrophages was associated with downregulation of the Hippo signaling pathway. These findings reveal novel insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma.Keywords: Hippo signaling pathway, asthma, macrophages, epithelial cells

Underwater target detection is a crucial aspect of ocean exploration. However, conventional underwater target detection methods face several challenges such as inaccurate feature extraction, slow detection speed and lack of robustness in complex underwater environments. To address these limitations, this study proposes an improved YOLOv7 network (YOLOv7-AC) for underwater target detection. The proposed network utilizes an ACmixBlock module to replace the 3x3 convolution block in the E-ELAN structure, and incorporates jump connections and 1x1 convolution architecture between ACmixBlock modules to improve feature extraction and network reasoning speed. Additionally, a ResNet-ACmix module is designed to avoid feature information loss and reduce computation, while a Global Attention Mechanism (GAM) is inserted in the backbone and head parts of the model to improve feature extraction. Furthermore, the K-means++ algorithm is used instead of K-means to obtain anchor boxes and enhance model accuracy. Experimental results show that the improved YOLOv7 network outperforms the original YOLOv7 model and other popular underwater target detection methods. The proposed network achieved a mean average precision (mAP) value of 89.6% and 97.4% on the URPC dataset and Brackish dataset, respectively, and demonstrated a higher frame per second (FPS) compared to the original YOLOv7 model. The source code for this study is publicly available at https://github.com/NZWANG/YOLOV7-AC. In conclusion, the improved YOLOv7 network proposed in this study represents a promising solution for underwater target detection and holds great potential for practical applications in various underwater tasks.

Contour-based instance segmentation has been actively studied, thanks to its flexibility and elegance in processing visual objects within complex backgrounds. In this work, we propose a novel deep network architecture, i.e., PolySnake, for contour-based instance segmentation. Motivated by the classic Snake algorithm, the proposed PolySnake achieves superior and robust segmentation performance with an iterative and progressive contour refinement strategy. Technically, PolySnake introduces a recurrent update operator to estimate the object contour iteratively. It maintains a single estimate of the contour that is progressively deformed toward the object boundary. At each iteration, PolySnake builds a semantic-rich representation for the current contour and feeds it to the recurrent operator for further contour adjustment. Through the iterative refinements, the contour finally progressively converges to a stable status that tightly encloses the object instance. Moreover, with a compact design of the recurrent architecture, we ensure the running efficiency under multiple iterations. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate the merits of our method, and the results demonstrate that the proposed PolySnake outperforms the existing contour-based instance segmentation methods on several prevalent instance segmentation benchmarks. The codes and models are available at https://github.com/fh2019ustc/PolySnake.

Additional file 1. 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing.

Super-orbital signals and negative superhumps are thought to be related to the reverse precession of the nodal line in a tilted disk, but the evidence is lacking. Our results provide new evidence for the precession of the tilted disk. Based on the TESS and K2 photometry, we investigate the super-orbital signals, negative superhumps, positive superhumps, and eclipse characteristics of the long-period eclipsing cataclysmic variable star SDSS J0812. We find super-orbital signals, negative superhumps, and positive superhumps with periods of 3.0451(5) d, 0.152047(2) d, and 0.174686(7) d, respectively, in the K2 photometry, but all disappear in the TESS photometry, where the positive superhumps are present only in the first half of the same campaign, confirming that none of them is permanently present in SDSS J0812. In addition, we find for the first time a cyclic variation of the O-C of minima, eclipse depth, and negative superhumps amplitudes for 3.045(8) d, 3.040(6) d, and 3.053(8) d in SDSS J0812, respectively, and all reach the maximum at ~ 0.75 precession phases of the tilted disk, which provides new evidence for the precession of the tilted disk. We suggest that the O-C and eclipse depth variations may come from a shift of the brightness center of the precession tilted disk. Our first finding on the periodic variation of negative superhumps amplitude with the super-orbital signals is significant evidence that the origin of negative superhumps is related to the precession of the tilted disk., Comment: 21 pages, 16 figures, published in MNRAS

In this work, we study the thermal fluctuation, deflection angle and greybody factor of the high-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole in scalar-tensor-vector gravity (STVG). Based on the correction of black hole entropy due to thermal fluctuation, we calculate some thermodynamic quantities associated with the correction of black hole entropy. The influence of the first-order and second-order corrections, spacetime dimensionality and STVG parameters on these thermodynamics quantities are discussed in detail. Additionally, by utilizing the Gauss-Bonnet theorem, the deflection angle is obtained in the weak field limit and the effect of two parameters on the results is visualized. Finally, we calculate the bounds on greybody factors of a massless scalar field., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures

User studies are a useful tool for researchers, allowing them to collect data on how users perceive, interact with and process different types of sensory information. If planned in advance, user experiments can be leveraged in every stage of a research project, from early design, prototyping and feature exploration to applied proofs of concept, passing through validation and data collection for model training. User studies can provide the researcher with different types of information depending on the chosen methodology: user performance metrics, surveys and interviews, field studies, physiological data, etc. Considering human perception and other cognitive processes is particularly important in computer graphics, where most research produces outputs whose ultimate purpose is to be seen or perceived by a human. Being able to measure in an objective and systematic way how the information we generate is integrated into the representational space humans create to situate themselves in the world means that researchers will have more information to implement optimal algorithms, tools and techniques. In this tutorial we will give an overview of good practices for user studies in computer graphics with a particular focus on virtual reality use cases. We will cover the basics on how to design, carry out and analyze good user studies, as well as different particularities to be taken into account in immersive environments.

Bardeen black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter for a massless scalar field. Our result shows that the oscillation frequency of quasinormal modes is enhanced as magnetic charge $g$ or the dark matter parameter $\alpha$ increases. For damping rate of quasinormal modes, the influence of them is different. Specifically, the increase of dark matter parameter $\alpha$ makes the damping rate increasing at first and then decreasing. While the damping rate is continuously decreasing with the increase of the magnetic charge $g$. Moreover, we find that the increase of the dark matter parameter $\alpha$ enhances the power emission spectrum whereas magnetic charge $g$ suppresses it. This means that the lifespan of black holes increases for smaller value of $\alpha$ and larger value of $g$ when other parameters are fixed. Finally, the absorption cross section of the considered black hole is calculated with the help of the partial wave approach. Our result suggests that the absorption cross section decreases with the dark matter $\alpha$ or the magnetic charge $g$ increasing., Comment: 17 pages,16 figures

Document-level relation extraction (DocRE) aims to infer complex semantic relations among entities in a document. Distant supervision (DS) is able to generate massive auto-labeled data, which can improve DocRE performance. Recent works leverage pseudo labels generated by the pre-denoising model to reduce noise in DS data. However, unreliable pseudo labels bring new noise, e.g., adding false pseudo labels and losing correct DS labels. Therefore, how to select effective pseudo labels to denoise DS data is still a challenge in document-level distant relation extraction. To tackle this issue, we introduce uncertainty estimation technology to determine whether pseudo labels can be trusted. In this work, we propose a Document-level distant Relation Extraction framework with Uncertainty Guided label denoising, UGDRE. Specifically, we propose a novel instance-level uncertainty estimation method, which measures the reliability of the pseudo labels with overlapping relations. By further considering the long-tail problem, we design dynamic uncertainty thresholds for different types of relations to filter high-uncertainty pseudo labels. We conduct experiments on two public datasets. Our framework outperforms strong baselines by 1.91 F1 and 2.28 Ign F1 on the RE-DocRED dataset., Comment: 9 pages, ACL 2023 Long Paper

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Characteristics of participants in the Men’s Lifestyle Validation Study according to quartiles of recent physical activity level. Supplementary Table 2. Spearman correlations between the variables of physical activity, body weight, body weight change, and plasma biomarkers. Supplementary Fig. 1. Spearman correlation between long-term total physical activity level and calorie-adjusted dietary intakes of major nutrients at p < 0.05. Supplementary Fig. 2. Principal coordinate analysis of all samples using species-level Bray–Curtis dissimilarity according to recent physical activity level measured by accelerometer. Supplementary Fig. 3. Gut microbial diversity using species taxonomic data according to recent total physical activity measured by accelerometer. Supplementary Fig. 4. Significant associations of physical activity, body weight measures, and plasma biomarkers of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) with microbial species (q ≤ 0.25). Supplementary Fig. 5. Significant associations of physical activity, body weight measures, and plasma biomarkers of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) with metagenomic pathways (MetaCyc) (q ≤ 0.25). Supplementary Fig. 6. Significant associations of physical activity, body weight measures, and plasma biomarkers of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) with metagenomic enzymes (Enzyme Commission, EC) (q ≤ 0.25). Supplementary Fig. 7. Interaction between physical activity measures and the first two principal coordinates axis (PCo1 or PCo2) in relation to body mass index at stool collection, fat mass percentage at stool collection, short-term (6 months) weight change, long-term weight change from age 21 to stool collection, plasma hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP). Supplementary Fig. 8. Interaction between physical activity and abundances of the top 10 most abundant species in relation to body mass index at stool collection, fat mass percentage at stool collection, short-term (6 months) weight change, long-term weight change from age 21 to stool collection, plasma hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP). Supplementary Fig. 9. Associations between intensity-specific physical activity and body weight measures according to Alistipes putredinis abundance. Supplementary Fig. 10. Relative abundance, prevalence, and interactions of all the species in the genus of Alistipes with physical activity in relation to body mass index at stool collection, fat mass percentage at stool collection, short-term (6 months) weight change, long-term weight change from age 21 to stool collection, plasma hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP).

HS 2325+8205 is a long-period eclipsing dwarf nova with an orbital period above the period gap (Porb>3 h) and is reported to be a Z Cam-type dwarf nova. Based on the photometry of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), the light variation and the quasi-periodic oscillation (QPOs) of HS 2325+8205 are studied. Using Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), Lomb-Scargle Periodogram (LSP), and sine fitting methods, we find for the first time that there is a QPOs of ~ 2160s in the long outburst top light curves of HS 2325+8205. Moreover, we find that the oscillation intensity of the QPOs of HS 2325+8205 is related to the orbital phase, and the intensity in orbital phases 0.5-0.9 are stronger than in orbital phases 0.1-0.5. Therefore, the relationship between the oscillation intensity of QPOs and the orbital phase may become a research window for the origin of QPOs. In addition, we use the LSP to correct the orbital period of HS 2325+8205 as 0.19433475(6) d.

Multi-color holograms rely on simultaneous illumination from multiple light sources. These multi-color holograms could utilize light sources better than conventional single-color holograms and can improve the dynamic range of holographic displays. In this letter, we introduce \projectname, the first learned method for estimating the optimal light source powers required for illuminating multi-color holograms. For this purpose, we establish the first multi-color hologram dataset using synthetic images and their depth information. We generate these synthetic images using a trending pipeline combining generative, large language, and monocular depth estimation models. Finally, we train our learned model using our dataset and experimentally demonstrate that \projectname significantly decreases the number of steps required to optimize multi-color holograms from $>1000$ to $70$ iteration steps without compromising image quality., 6 pages, 2 figures, Optics Letters

Molecular predissociation is the spontaneous, nonradiative bond breaking process that can occur upon excitation. In the context of laser cooling, predissociation is an unwanted consequence of molecular structure that limits the ability to scatter a large number of photons required to reach the ultracold regime. Unlike rovibrational branching, predissociation is irreversible since the fragments fly apart with high kinetic energy. Of particular interest is the simple diatomic molecule, CaH, for which the two lowest electronically excited states used in laser cooling lie above the dissociation threshold of the ground potential. In this work, we present measurements and calculations that quantify the predissociation probabilities affecting the cooling cycle. The results allow us to design a laser cooling scheme that will enable the creation of an ultracold and optically trapped cloud of CaH molecules. In addition, we use the results to propose a two-photon pathway to controlled dissociation of the molecules, in order to gain access to their ultracold fragments, including hydrogen., Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures

A high-speed hydraulic servo testing machine was used to carry out intermediate strain rate compression test of polycarbonate, and comparative experiments of low and high strain rate compression were carried out to verify the validity of the intermediate strain rate compression test. Based on the true stress-strain curves at various strain rates and temperatures, the mechanical properties of polycarbonate under compression at intermediate strain rates were obtained. The results show that polycarbonate undergoes four stages of elastic deformation, yielding, strain softening and strain hardening in intermediate strain rate. The strain rate and temperature dependence of material manifest as: yield strength and yield strain are increased with the enhancement of strain rate or reduction of temperature. On the contrary, when increasing temperature or reducing strain rate, the strain softening of the material are more apparent. Based on the experiments, a ZWT nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model which can describe the compression process of polycarbonate in intermediate strain rates was constructed. This model can provide strong support for the structure design of transparent parts and the simulation of bird strike.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of bevacizumab, paclitaxel and carboplatin in the treatment of ovarian cancer (OC) and the impact on patients’ prognosis. Methods: A total of 90 patients with OC treated at our institution were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Among them, 30 patients treated with bevacizumab plus paclitaxel and carboplatin regimen were classified as an observation group (OG), and 60 other patients who received paclitaxel and carboplatin were assigned as a control group (CG). The changes of carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carcinoembryonic antigen 242 (CA242) were observed before and after treatment in both groups. The clinical efficacy was observed, and the patients were followed up for 3 years to observe their survival and the adverse effects. Independent factors affecting patient’s prognosis were evaluated by Cox regression analysis. Results: After treatment, the objective remission rate and disease control rate were markedly higher in the OG than those in the CG (P0.05). Cox regression analysis identified that the degree of differentiation, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, CA199 and treatment regimen were independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients (P

In order to explore the effect of accelerated UV aging on the mechanical and optical properties of polycarbonate, the changes of polycarbonate's transmittance, yellow index, tensile properties and flexural properties with aging time and radiation intensity were studied by using the method of exposure to laboratory fluorescent ultraviolet lamps source. The results show that the light transmittance of polycarbonate is decreased with the increase of UV aging time and radiation intensity. According to FT-IR, several colored groups are created in polycarbonate because of prolonging the aging time and increasing the radiation intensity, which affects the optical property of polycarbonate. The tensile strength and elongation at break of polycarbonate are decreasd with the increase of UV aging time and irradiation intensity. The microcracks and holes on surface of polycarbonate are produced by longer aging time and higher radiation energy, which expand under tensile load and cause fracture. The flexural strength of polycarbonate is increased with the increase of UV aging time and irradiation intensity if the testing surface is irradiated. The degradation layer formed on the surface of the material increases the stiffness of polycarbonate, which leads to the increase of strength. The tensile modulus and bending modulus of polycarbonate are less affected by aging time and irradiation strength because UV accelerated aging has little effect on molecular weight.

In this study, 6802-T6 alloy plates were welded using tools with different pin lengths. Different depths of incomplete penetration defects, including kissing bond (K) defect and remain joint surface (R) defect, were obtained. Mechanical fracture and kernel average misorientation (KAM) maps indicated that joint root tearing caused K defect during the friction stir welding (FSW) process. The critical value for incomplete penetration geometry appeared to be a depth of 0.4 mm. Within this interval, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint (thickness of 3 mm) was more than 224 MPa, and the fatigue strength exceeded 70 MPa at 107 cycles.

In order to explore the random nature of high-speed railway train operation safety indices, the pseudo-excitation method, extreme value theory, and non-stationary harmonic superposition theory are used in this paper to study the statistics of train operation safety indices. The pseudo-excitation load formulation for track irregularity is obtained by the pseudo-excitation method, and the resulting non-stationary random vibration problem is transformed into a deterministic time history problem. The pseudo-excitation method is used to establish the dynamic equations of motion, and the separation iteration method is used to solve the equations, so as to obtain the power spectral density of the wheel-rail interaction forces. The wheel-rail interaction forces are obtained by using a modulation function and the harmonic superposition method. By fitting an extreme value distribution, the maximum values of the train running safety indices are explored. The proposed numerical approach is validated experimentally using the data from a 24.6 m long simply supported concrete bridge by studying the extreme value distributions of driving safety indices. Additional numerical simulation are conducted for varying train speeds and bridge spans. The results show that the Gumbel distribution can fit the extreme value of driving safety parameters for different speeds and different bridge span lengths. It is observed that the higher the speed, the sharper the extreme value distribution of train running safety indices, and the larger the train running safety index values corresponding to 99.87% confidence level. The corresponding extreme values at the 99.87% confidence level are greater than the maximum value of each time-domain sample.

In this paper, the nanosecond pulse laser surface treatment of the waterborne anti-rust paint on HT250 gray cast iron was carried out. The area and depth of the per-pulse laser ablation paint layer were measured. The threshold of laser energy density was determined through the relations with ablation area and depth. The paint removal mechanism was discussed by analyzing the ablation features of the paint layer on laser cleaning. The features of the paint removal under various laser energy densities were characterized, and the process parameters in the experiments were investigated. The results showed that there were four thresholds and three kinds of mechanisms in the paint removal process with nanosecond pulsed laser. The ablation threshold of substrate was deepened on the laser parameters. The ablation processes were included thermal ablation, thermal vibration and paint ionization concurrently, respectively. The surface cracks and paint debris were observed at the edge of the cleaning path, which were ascribed to the vibration effect by laser. In addition, the vibration effect could significantly increase the width of paint removal. Paint ionization has also a significant influence on the substrate morphology. Paint ionization would have an obvious impact on the formation of the substrate morphology. It is desirable to fabricate approach to remove the paint layer without damaging the substrate under optimized laser parameters by nanosecond pulse laser.

Background miR-1226 has been reported to be dysregulated in periodontitis, implying its potential functional role, which needs to be validated. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical significance of miR-1226 in periodontitis. Methods Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from 50 healthy volunteers and 72 periodontitis patients. The expression of miR-1226 in collected samples was detected by RT-qPCR. The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by ELISA. The relationship of miR-1226 expression level with patients’ characteristics was evaluated by the χ2 test and the Pearson correlation test. Results It was found that miR-1226 was downregulated in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients compared with healthy volunteers. The downregulation of miR-1226 was negatively correlated with the pocket depth, attachment loss, plaque index, bleeding index, and MMP-8 concentration of patients. miR-1226 showed high sensitivity and specificity to discriminate periodontitis patients from healthy volunteers. Additionally, periodontitis patients had a relatively high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is correlated with miR-1226 expression negatively. Conclusions miR-1226 could be an indicator for the diagnosis of periodontitis and has the potential to predict the development and severity of periodontitis.

Internationally, the e-bike is on the rise as an innovation in transport. At first glance the e-bike is seemingly a success given its market penetration rate, but a deeper understanding of its societal impacts is essential to go beyond mere sale numbers. Instead of assuming that innovation means progress, a detailed sustainability analysis is needed to assess whether a certain innovation benefits society. This chapter first investigates factors explaining the success/failure of the e-bike in different countries with a transitions perspective. Then it unpacks the societal implications of the e-bike, including both environmental and social aspects. The empirical analysis part further sheds light on the dynamics of e-bike adoption by employing a mobility biography approach to study qualitative material of Dutch e-bike users. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the e-bike innovation and generates some new insights.

BackgroundDiabetes-associated cognitive impairment (DACI) is a common complication of diabetes, and studies have shown that DACI is more severe in postmenopausal patients with diabetes. Forsythoside B (FTS⋅B) can inhibit inflammation and reduce synaptic dysfunction, which can improve cognitive function. However, it has not been confirmed whether FTS⋅B has a reversing or retarding effect on postmenopausal diabetic encephalopathy.MethodsSeven days after bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery, adult female C57 mice (n = 15/group) received intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg/day/L) and citrate buffer for 5 consecutive days to induce diabetes mellitus (DM). Fourteen days later, ovariectomized diabetic mice were given intraperitoneal injection of FTS⋅B (100, 150 mg/kg/day/L) and subcutaneous injection of 17β-estradiol (1 mg/kg) for 8 weeks [OVX + DM + low-FTS⋅B group (L-F), OVX + DM + high-FTS⋅B group (H-F), and OVX + DM + 17β-estradiol (ER)]. In addition, the following control groups were defined: Sham, OVX, DM, and OVX + DM (O + D). Fasting plasma glucose, body weight and blood insulin levels were determined in each group of mice. Next, their cognitive function was tested through behavioral experiments. Hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and Nissl staining were used to detect the morphological changes in the hippocampus. The aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the hyperaggregation of p-tau were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), post-synaptic density-95 (PSD-95), synaptophysin, and synapsin-1 expression in the hippocampus was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis.ResultsFTS⋅B can decrease fasting glucose and blood insulin level. Behavioral results showed that cognitive decline was the most severe in the O + D group, and the ER, L-F, and H-F groups revised the cognitive decline. Compared to the O + D group, more normal morphology, which has obvious nucleoli and clear nuclear membrane, was observed by H&E and Nissl staining in the ER, L-F, and H-F groups. FTS⋅B alleviated DACI by reducing the aggregation of Aβ and the hyperaggregation of p-tau in the hippocampus. Moreover, the protein and mRNA expression showed that FTS⋅B not only inhibited inflammation by decreasing IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α but also modulated synaptic plasticity by increasing BDNF, PSD-95, synaptophysin, and synapsin-1.ConclusionThese results suggest that FTS⋅B may be a novel therapeutic target for postmenopausal diabetic encephalopathy treatment.

A new series of orange highly near-infrared reflective pigments based on Fe-doped La2W2O9 were effectively fabricated via solution combustion synthesis. The acquired pigment powders were characteri...

With recent advancements in computer hardware and software platforms, there has been a surge of interest in solving partial differential equations with deep learning-based methods, and the integration with domain decomposition strategies has attracted considerable attention owing to its enhanced representation and parallelization capacities of the network solution. While there are already several works that substitute the subproblem solver with neural networks for overlapping Schwarz methods, the non-overlapping counterpart has not been extensively explored because of the inaccurate flux estimation at interface that would propagate errors to neighbouring subdomains and eventually hinder the convergence of outer iterations. In this study, a novel learning approach for solving elliptic boundary value problems, i.e., the compensated deep Ritz method using neural network extension operators, is proposed to enable reliable flux transmission across subdomain interfaces, thereby allowing us to construct effective learning algorithms for realizing non-overlapping domain decomposition methods (DDMs) in the presence of erroneous interface conditions. Numerical experiments on a variety of elliptic problems, including regular and irregular interfaces, low and high dimensions, two and four subdomains, and smooth and high-contrast coefficients are carried out to validate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithms.

In the last decade, the emergence of QYYZ-like porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has attracted increasing attention due to the high incidence of PRRSV mutation and recombination. However, the endemic status and genomic characteristics of the QYYZ-like strains are unclear. From 2018 to October 2021, 24 QYYZ-like PRRSV isolates were obtained from 787 PRRSV-positive clinical samples. Only one QYYZ-like positive sample was from a northern province, and the rest were from central and southern provinces. We selected 9 samples for whole-genome sequencing, revealing genome lengths of 15,008–15,316 nt. We retrieved all the available whole-genome sequences of QYYZ-like PRRSVs isolated in China from 2010 to 2021 (n = 28) from GenBank and analyzed them together with the new whole-genome sequences (n = 9). Phylogenetic tree analysis based on the ORF5 gene showed that all QYYZ-like PRRSV strains belonged to sublineage 3.5 but were clustered into three lineages (sublineage 1.8, sublineage 3.5, and sublineage 8.7) based on whole-genome sequences. Genomic sequence alignment showed that QYYZ-like strains, have characteristic amino acids insertions or deletions in the Nsp2 region (same as NADC30, JXA1 and QYYZ) and that thirteen strains also had additional amino acid deletions, mostly between 468 and 518 aa. Moreover, QYYZ-like strains (sublineage 3.5) have seven identical characteristic amino acid mutations in ORF5. Recombination analysis revealed that almost all QYYZ-like complete genome sequences (36/37) were products of recombination and mainly provided structural protein fragments (GP2-N) for the recombinant strains. Overall, QYYZ-like strains were mainly prevalent in central and southern China from 2018 to 2021, and these strains provided recombinant fragments in the PRRSV epidemic in China.

Background: Atrial appendage tachycardia (AAT) originating from the atrial appendage (AA) is extremely difficult to eliminate using radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA). The optimal management strategy for AAT refractory to RFCA remains unclear.Objective: This study aims to investigate the long-term result of ablative therapy and the optimal alternative management for AAT refractory to RFCA.Methods: A total of 51 patients with AAT originating from the AA undergoing RFCA were recruited. Video-assisted atrial appendectomy and oral ivabradine were performed on those with AATs refractory to RFCA, and this study aimed to evaluate their safety and long-term efficacy.Results: We included 51 patients (51/586, 8.7%) with AATs confirmed by activation mapping and contrast venography. Among them, there were 28 (54.9%) AATs originating from the distal AA. In total, 14 (27.4%) AATs were refractory to RFCA, including 13 originating from the distal AA and one arising from the proximal AA. Ten of 11 (90.9%) AATs originating from the distal AA were eliminated after an atrial appendectomy, and the other three AATs were suppressed using oral ivabradine. Origins from the distal AA refractory to RFCA and early age of AAT onset ≤26.5 years indicated the need for atrial appendectomy. No major complications occurred, and nine patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy fully recovered. Long-term success was achieved in 98.0% of patients with multiple treatment managements.Conclusion: AATs originating from the distal AA were more refractory to RFCA. RFCA was the cornerstone of AAT catheter ablation. Video-assisted thoracoscopic atrial appendectomy was an effective strategy for those origins at the distal AA and the age of AAT onset ≤26.5 years. Ivabradine represents a promising treatment for AAT temporarily in pediatric and young adult patients.

We use Chinese manufacturing data to show that upstream manufacturing industries received higher credit during the monetary expansion of 2005-2011. However, the higher credit received by upstream industries did not generate a similar increase in ‘trade lending’ to downstream industries, which limited the transmission of the credit expansion to the whole manufacturing sector. We develop a model that formalizes some of the key features of the Chinese economy and show why a credit expansion tilted toward the upstream sector may not fully cascade to the whole economy. &nbsp

With the development of nuclear power, the disposal and disposal of high-level waste generated by nuclear power plants have also received great attention from the public. After a comprehensive comparison of methods such as transmutation method, dilution method and isolation method, at present, deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste is recognized as the best method for nuclear waste at home and abroad. During the construction stage of the repository, due to excavation, the stress in the surrounding rock is redistributed and the surrounding rock is disturbed. The original fissures in the rock mass expand and connect, resulting in new micro-cracks, and the permeability coefficient of the rock mass becomes larger. It is the excavation damaged zone (EDZ). EDZ is located between the engineering barrier of the high-level radioactive waste repository and the remote surrounding rock, and is an important channel for the migration of radionuclides. Groundwater flowing through the deep surrounding rock fissures and the fracture zone of the disturbed layer cause water-rock reaction to change the composition, which affects the release rate and migration parameters of radionuclides in the high-level glass body. It is necessary to obtain large-scale fissures during excavation in the underground laboratory. Rock and disturbed layer fracture zone, establish nuclide release and migration devices, and obtain groundwater intrusion into deep surrounding rock fissures and disturbed fracture zones that lead to the release and migration parameters of high-level radioactive glass nuclide, which is useful for the safety evaluation of the entire geological disposal site. Researchers conducted simulation analysis through experiments and computer software and found that fissure water, Eh-pH, fissure fillings, colloids in the fissures, and humic acid in the fissures in the EDZ zone all affect the migration of nuclide. Carrying out research on the effect of EDZ on the release of nuclide source terms in high-level radioactive waste and studying on the migration behavior of nuclide under deep surrounding rock conditions, and grasping the release law of key nuclides under deep geological conditions and their migration in EDZ areas and fissuring laws and optimizing migration models will provide technical reserves for nuclear in situ migration experiments during the operation phase of underground laboratories, and provide technical support and scientific basis for the site selection, conceptual design and safety evaluation of my country’s high-level radioactive waste repository.

In this study, a finite element model was established by using ANSYS to analyze the surface topography following the stripping of epoxy resin paint from the type 304 stainless steel. The nanosecond pulse laser was used to carry out the stripping process, while the “Birth & Death” method was used to simulate the resulting surface topography. The authors aimed to study the influences of various process parameters on the paint stripping process, including the laser fluence, scanning speed, and scanning interval. Furthermore, the surface topography following the plane scanning laser paint stripping was predicted, and the results obtained by using numerical simulations were verified experimentally. The results have shown that the cleaning threshold of single-pulse laser paint stripping is approximately 6.1 J/cm2. The ablation depth is inversely proportional to scanning speed and positively correlated with the laser energy density. The process was optimized by using a series of simulations. The optimal plane scanning results were obtained for the 58 μm ablation depth, the removal efficiency of ca. 11.55 cm3/min/kW at the laser fluence of 50 J/cm2, the scanning speed of 5000 mm/s, and the 70 μm scanning interval. Following the comparison with the experimental results, the digital topography analysis model was proposed, providing a reference for controlling the laser paint stripping process within an average error below 10 %.

A photoinduced 1,4-heteroaryl migration from a carbon center to a nitrogen center accompanied by a cyanoalkylacylation of heterocyclic-substituted azidyl homoallylic alcohols and cycloketone oxime esters has been described. This simple and powerful protocol merged the dual C–C bond cleavage with C–N bond formation, providing an efficient and environmentally safe approach to a variety of synthetically useful cyanoalkyl-containing β-enamino ketones with outstanding selectivity and commendable functional group compatibility. Moreover, the application of microflow technique enhanced these reactions compared with the equivalent batch reaction, significantly reducing the reaction times to 5–9.3 min and broadening the substrate scope to more than 35 successful substrates.

Here we developed a novel method involving the use of continuous flow for the selective alkynylation of cysteine-containing peptides and 1-thioglycoside residues. This method was characterised by mild conditions (room temperature, metal-free, oxidant-free conditions), greatly enhancing its usefulness for modifying amino acids and peptides. The newly developed S-alkynylation reagents could apparently reduce the cost and difficulty of the synthesis, thus increasing the sustainability and economy of the process. Moreover, good to excellent yields were obtained for a selection of alkynylated cysteine-containing peptides (35 examples) and 1-thioglycoside residues (15 examples) within short residence times (3–4 minutes).

The Hf(OTf)4-catalyzed three-component reaction (3CR) was employed as a powerful tool for facile access to a library of 23 pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazole (PBT)-based AIEgens with full-color tunability, solid-state fluorescence quantum yields of up to 86.8%, and high crystallizability. As atypical propeller-shaped molecules, PBT AIEgens were experimentally determined to dissipate the energy of the excited state via the rotation of the exocyclic carbonyl (ester/ketone) rather than the commonly known phenyl group. Theoretical calculations and crystallographic analysis of PBT AIEgens provide insights into their unique structure–property relationships and AIE mechanism from orbital and molecular aspects, respectively.

It is impossible to study the relationship between water damage and voidage of asphalt pavement because the voidage of pavement core sample cannot be determined accurately. Based on the industrial computed tomography (CT) scanning technology for core samples of real void fraction measurement, dynamic water flushing apparatus to water damage damage of core samples, the CT scan void fraction and destruction after the relationship between splitting strength and CPN rutting depth of core samples, respectively, set up different lanes of void fraction and cleavage strength and the fitting formula of rut depth.