Search

Chun-Hui Zhao,1 Ya-Hong Sun,1 Xiao-Min Mao2 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haining People’s Hospital, Haining, Zhejiang, 314400, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Haining People’s Hospital, Haining, Zhejiang, 314400, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiao-Min Mao, Department of Infectious Diseases, Haining People’s Hospital, No. 2, Qianjiang West Road, Haining, Zhejiang, 314400, People’s Republic of China, Email maoxiaomin2022@163.comObjective: To compare the effect of diaphragmatic breathing and volume incentive spirometry (VIS) on hemodynamics, pulmonary function, and blood gas in patients following open abdominal surgery under general anesthesia.Methods: A total of 58 patients who received open abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to the control group (n=29) undergoing diaphragmatic breathing exercises and the VIS group (n=29) undergoing VIS exercises. All the participants performed the six-minute walk test (6MWT) preoperatively to evaluate their functional capacity. Hemodynamic indexes, pulmonary function tests, and blood gas indexes were recorded before surgery and on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative day.Results: The functional capacity was not significantly different between the two groups during the preoperative period (P > 0.05). At 3 days and 5 days postoperatively, patients in the VIS group had a significantly higher SpO2 than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Pulmonary function test values were reduced in both two groups postoperatively when compared to the preoperative values but improved for three and five days afterward (P < 0.05). Of note, the significantly elevated levels of peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio were observed on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative days in the VIS group compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). Besides, bass excess (BE), and pH values were significantly higher in the VIS group on the 1st postoperative day than those in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Diaphragmatic breathing and VIS could improve postoperative pulmonary function, but VIS exercise might be a better option for improving hemodynamics, pulmonary function, and blood gas for patients after open abdominal surgery, hence lowering the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications.Keywords: diaphragmatic breathing, volume incentive spirometry, hemodynamics, pulmonary function, blood gas, open abdominal surgery

We investigate the entanglement between the eternal black hole and Hawking radiation. For this purpose, we utilize the doubly holographic theories and study the entanglement entropy of the radiation to find the Page curve consistent with the unitarity principle. Doubly holographic theories introduce two types of boundaries in the AdS bulk, namely the usual AdS boundary and the Planck brane. In such a setup, we calculate the entanglement entropy by examining two extremal surfaces: the Hartman-Maldacena (HM) surface and the island surface. The latter surface emerges when the island appears on the Planck brane. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis of dyonic black holes with regard to the Page curve in the context of the doubly holographic setup. To begin with, we ascertain that the pertinent topological terms must be included in the Planck brane to describe the systems at finite density and magnetic field. Furthermore, we also develop a general numerical method to compute the time-dependent HM surface and achieve excellent agreement between the numerical results and analytical expressions. Utilizing numerical methodology, we find that the entanglement entropy of dyonic black holes exhibits unitary evolution over time, wherein it grows in early time and reaches saturation after the Page time. The initial growth can be explained by the HM surface, while the saturation is attributed to the island surface. In addition, using the holographic entanglement density, we also show that, for the first time, the saturated value of the entanglement entropy is twice the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy in doubly holography., v1: 34 pages, 13 figures; v2: references added

The $n$-partite information (nI) is formulated as a measure of multi-partite entanglement. Field theory computation revealed that the sign of nI is indefinite for $n\geq 3$, while holographic studies conjectured a sign property that holographic nI is non-negative/non-positive for even/odd $n$, with tripartite information (TI, $n=3$) proved. We investigate the aspects of nI with holographic duality. With a generically static bulk geometry, we give an alternate geometric proof that holographic TI for parallel disjoint boundary strips is non-positive, and illustrate that remarkably for larger $n$, the sign is indefinite. In hyperscaling violating geometry, we confirm the conjectured sign property for strips of equal length with equal separation distance, and self-consistently disprove this conjecture for $n>3$ with general configurations. Therefore, nI in field theories and holography exhibits compatibility except for $n=3$. We also discuss other properties of holographic nI with analytic computation: the monotonicity, linearity, relation to hyperscaling violating parameters, temperature and UV cutoff effects, and the physical implications. It is doubtful that nI is an effective measure of entanglement considering the indefinite sign, non-monotonicity, and quasi-linearity of its holographic dual. In this respect, we propose constraints on the multi-partite entanglement measures., 30 pages, 19 figures

Tretospeira cheirospora N.G. Liu & Jian K. Liu, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF900053 Etymology: in reference to its cheiroid conidia Holotype: MFLU 22-0204 Saprobic on decaying wood in terrestrial habitat. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Colonies on natural substrate superficial, effuse, dark brown to black, velvety. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed, composed of septate, branched, brown hyphae. Conidiophores 34–61 × 5.5–9.5 μm (= 44.5 × 8 μm, n = 15), macronematous, mononematous, gregarious, erect, short, cylindrical, rounded at apex, straight or broadly curved, septate, unbranched, brown to dark brown, thick-walled. Conidiogenous cells 6.5–10.5 × 8–10.5 μm (= 8.5 × 9 μm, n = 15), monotretic, terminal, integrated, slightly swollen, dark brown, thick-walled. Conidia 64–77 × 15.5–24.5 μm (= 68.5 × 19 μm, n = 20), solitary, dry, cheiroid, obclavate to narrowly obpyriform, composed of 4 narrowly obclavate columns, fused laterally except at the apex, olivaceous brown to brown, distoseptate, slightly constricted at the septa, verrucose, with a circular, hyaline, gelatinous sheath around the hyaline tip. Culture characteristics: Conidia germinate on water agar within 72 hrs. Germ tubes are produced from the apex or base. Colonies superficial, irregularly circular, with raised surface and undulate edge, from above grey to whitish grey in the center, brownish gray at the edge, and from below, pale grey in the middle, brownish grey at the edge Material examined: THAILAND, Chiang Mai province, Mae Taeng, Mushroom Research Center, on decaying wood in terrestrial habitat, 18 July 2020, Y. R. Sun, MRCS9 (MFLU 22-0204, holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 22-0171. Notes: Tretospeira cheirospora resembles the type species in having erect, cylindrical, short conidiophores and monotretic conidiogenous cells bearing obclavate to narrowly obpyriform conidia composed of four columns (Pirozynski 1972). However, Tretospeira cheirospora has slightly longer conidiophores (34–61 μm vs. 15–50 μm) and larger conidia (64–77 × 15.5–24.5 μm vs. 40–60 × 17 μm) than those of T. ugandensis (Pirozynski 1972). Besides, conidia of T. cheirospora have a circular, hyaline, gelatinous sheath at the apex which is absent in T. ugandensis. Therefore, we introduce Tretospeira cheirospora as a new species based on morphology. In our phylogenetic analysis, Tretospeira cheirospora has close affinity with Banksiophoma australiensis (FIGURE 1). Banksiophoma is a monotypic genus represented by its coelomycetous asexual morph, which has pycnidial conidiomata and ellipsoid to globose or subglobose, hyaline, aseptate conidia (Crous et al. 2017). Thus their morphology can not be appropriately compared. Further discoveries of sexual morphs of both Banksiophoma and Tretospeira may bring a clearer understanding of the two genera., Published as part of Liu, Ning-Guo, Liu, Jian-Kui, Sun, Ya-Ru & Jumpathong, Juangjun, 2023, Phylogenetic placement of Tretospeira cheirospora in Phaeosphaeriaceae, pp. 175-186 in Phytotaxa 579 (3) on page 180, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7550325, {"references":["Pirozynski, K. A. (1972) Microfungi of Tanzania. I. Miscellaneous Fungi on Oil Palm. II. New Hyphomycetes. Mycological Papers 129: 1 - 64."]}

A new hyphomycetous species, Tretospeira cheirospora, collected on decaying wood in a terrestrial habitat in northern Thailand is described and illustrated. It has macronematous, mononematous, erect, short, simple, brown to dark brown conidiophores, monotretic conidiogenous cells, and cheiroid, olivaceous brown to brown, distoseptate conidia composed of 4 columns and with an apical, hyaline, gelatinous sheath. Molecular data of Tretospeira are provided for the first time. The phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU and ITS sequence data shows that Tretospeira cheirospora belongs to Phaeosphaeriaceae and presents a distinct lineage which is sister to Banksiophoma australiensis. Hyphomycetous asexual morphs in Phaeosphaeriaceae and morphologically similar genera are compared and discussed.

Effective field theory models capable of realizing various gapless topological states are presented in this work. After reviewing the effective field models of the Weyl and nodal line semimetal states, we study the competition of these two semimetal states in effective field theories. When the one form field giving rise to the Weyl nodes lie perpendicular to the plane where the nodal ring lives, the nodal ring and Weyl nodes could coexist as the mirror symmetry responsible for the nodal ring is not broken. New phases including a three-node state and a triple degenerate state exist. The nodal ring is immediately destroyed when the one form field lies in the plane of the ring. However, we show that in an eight-component spinor model, Weyl nodes and nodal rings could still coexist even when the one form field is parallel to the plane, due to the expanded symmetry. Finally we calculate the topological invariants in these models and in particular confirm the interesting nontrivial topology of the three-node state and the triple-degenerate node., Comment: 35 pages,13 figures

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-sgo-10.1177_21582440231152227 for How YouTubers Make Popular Marketing Videos? Speech Acts, Move Structure, and Audience Response in YouTube Influencer Marketing Videos by Gong Chen, Yi Li and Ya Sun in SAGE Open

BACKGROUND Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme α-galactosidase A. CASE SUMMARY Herein, we analyzed a four-generation Chinese family. The proband is a 57-year-old woman who was diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy and atrial fibrillation 7 years ago. Echocardiography showed an end-diastolic diameter of the interventricular septum of 19.9 mm, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter of 63.1 mm, and moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation. Cardiac magnetic resonance indicated an enlarged left heart and right atrium, decreased left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, a left ventricular ejection fraction of 20%, and thickening of the left ventricular septum. In March 2019, gene and enzyme activity tests confirmed the diagnosis of FD. Her son was diagnosed with FD after gene and enzyme activity assay, and was prescribed agalsidase-β for enzyme replacement therapy in July 2020. Two sisters of the proband were also diagnosed with FD by genetic testing. Both of them had a history of atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSION A novel mutation was identified in a Chinese family with FD, in which the male patient had a low level of enzyme activity, early-onset, and severe organ involvement. Comprehensive analysis of clinical phenotype genetic testing and enzyme activity testing helped in the diagnosis and treatment of this FD family.

BACKGROUND Currently, the standard surgical procedure for right colon cancer is complete mesocolic excision. Whether preventive extended lymph node dissection for colon cancer located in the hepatic flexure or right transverse colon should be performed remains controversial because the safety and effectiveness of the operation have not been proven, and infrapyloric lymph nodes (No. 206) and lymph nodes in the greater curvature of the stomach (No. 204) have not been strictly defined and distinguished as surgical indicators in previous studies. AIM To analyze the metastatic status of infrapyloric lymph nodes and lymph nodes of the greater curvature of the stomach and perioperative complications and systematically evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic extended right colectomy using prospective data collected retrospectively. METHODS The study was a clinical study. Twenty patients with colon cancer who underwent laparoscopic extended right colon resection in our hospital from June 2020 to May 2021 were included. RESULTS Among the patients who underwent extended right colon resection, there were no intraoperative complications or conversion to laparotomy; 2 patients had gastrocolic ligament lymph node metastasis, and 5 patients had postoperative complications. The patients with postoperative complications received conservative treatment. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic extended right colon resection is safe. However, malignant tumors located in the liver flexure or the right-side transverse colon are more likely to metastasize to the gastrocolic ligament lymph nodes, and notably, the incidence of gastroparesis was high. The number of patients was small, and the follow-up time was short. It is necessary to further increase the sample size to evaluate the No. 204 and No. 206 lymph node metastasis rates and the long-term survival impact.

In the field of multimodal sentiment analysis (MSA), a few studies have leveraged the inherent modality correlation information stored in samples for self-supervised learning. However, they feed the training pairs in a random order without consideration of difficulty. Without human annotation, the generated training pairs of self-supervised learning often contain noise. If noisy or hard pairs are used for training at the easy stage, the model might be stuck in bad local optimum. In this paper, we inject curriculum learning into weakly supervised modality correlation learning. The weakly supervised correlation learning leverages the label information to generate scores for negative pairs to learn a more discriminative embedding space, where negative pairs are defined as two unimodal embeddings from different samples. To assist the correlation learning, we feed the training pairs to the model according to difficulty by the proposed curriculum learning, which consists of elaborately designed scoring and feeding functions. The scoring function computes the difficulty of pairs using pre-trained and current correlation predictors, where the pairs with large losses are defined as hard pairs. Notably, the hardest pairs are discarded in our algorithm, which are assumed as noisy pairs. Moreover, the feeding function takes the difference of correlation losses as feedback to determine the feeding actions (`stay', `step back', or `step forward'). The proposed method reaches state-of-the-art performance on MSA., Accepted by EMNLP 2022

BackgroundPerimenopausal depression (PMD) is characterized by affective symptoms as well as menopause-specific somatic complaints and has attracted increasing attention over the past few decades. Using a bibliometric tool, this study aims to evaluate the origin, current hotspots, and research trends on PMD.MethodsArticles with research on PMD were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). We used the bibliometric method to analyze publication years, journals, countries, institutions, authors, research hotspots, and trends. We plotted the reference co-citation network and used keywords to analyze the research hotspots and trends.ResultsA total of 209 publications related to PMD were identified from WoSCC on May 8, 2022. The number of publications concerning PMD every year shows an upward trend. Further analysis indicated that 209 articles were contributed by 45 countries, 288 institutions, and 501 authors. The United States contributed the most significant number of publications, followed by China. Harvard University is the core institution of PMD research, and Cohen’s work has had an important impact on another research. The occurrence and pathological mechanisms of depression during the menopausal transition from the knowledge base of PMD. All of them belong to the category of gynecology and psychosis, which reflects the focus of the research topics. Major depression, postmenopausal women, symptoms like hot flashes, and prevalence and risk factors are research hotspots in the PMD field. The frontiers in PMD field that will impact future research are anxiety, meta-analysis, association, and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).ConclusionThese findings provide us with the core countries, institutions, and authors in PMD research and point out the direction of attention in this field. The current research focuses on depression, postmenopausal women, hot flashes, and other symptoms, as well as the prevalence and risk factors. The frontiers will be anxiety, meta-analysis, related factors, and depression assessment in future research.

Based on previous work that topologically nontrivial gapless modes in relativistic hydrodynamics could be found by weakly breaking the energy momentum conservation, in this paper, we study the holographic system which produces the same hydrodynamic modes. In the hydrodynamic system, one possibility to obtain the energy momentum non-conservation is to couple the system to external gravitational fields, i.e. to observe the system in a special non-inertial frame. Similar to what happens in the hydrodynamic system, a non-inertial frame version of holography indeed produces the same topologically nontrivial gapless hydrodynamic modes. We also generalize the study of topological modes in relativistic hydrodynamics to the case with one extra U(1) current and find that more complicated topological phase diagrams could exist when we consider more possibilities of the mass terms. We also discuss the possible underlying mechanism for this topological change in the spectrum when being observed in a non-inertial reference frame., Comment: v3: 34 pages, 4 figures; minor edits

The aim of this study is to develop new ways of reducing energy consumption in hotels. We propose to test the effectiveness of three alternative approaches to changing consumer behaviour, each based on a different theory: nudge theory, theory of environmentally significant behaviour and focus theory of normative conduct. We will develop interventions based on each one of these theories. We will run a survey study first to undertake a manipulation check, then run a field experiment to test the effect of the interventions on minibar-generated electricity use.

Diaporthe orixae Q.T. Lu & Z. Zhang, sp. nov. FIGURE 2 Index Fungorum number: IF558801; Facesoffungi number: FoF 10496 Etymology: Name referring to the host “ Orixa japonica ”, using the genitive case meaning “of Orixa ”. Holotype: HKAS 121465 Endophytic in the stems of Orixa japonica. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 98–509 μm × 55–360 μm, superficial or immersed in MEA culture media, pycnidial, globose to conical, gregarious scattered or aggregated, brown to dark brown, ostiolate, with short necks, 36–88 μm × 49–73 μm, outer surface smooth or covered by sparse hyaline hyphae; pycnidial wall consisting of brown, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophore hyaline, subcylindrical to cylindrical, formed from the inner layer of the locular wall, reduced to conidiogenous cells, rarely septate. Conidiogenous cells 2.0–4.2 μm × 1.0–2.5 μm, hyaline, subcylindrical to cylindrical, rarely tapering towards the apex, collarette present and not flared, with prominent periclinal thickening. Alpha conidia 3.5–5.5 μm × 1.5–3.0 μm, hyaline, oblong to ellipsoid, apex bluntly rounded, base obtuse; small guttulate at the top, middle and base of alpha conidia. Beta and gamma conidia absent. Culture characteristics: Colonies on MEA medium at 26°C, surface mycelium dense and felty, buff or off white, mycelium radiate outward from the centre with feathery branches at margin; reverse pale yellow to pale brown grey, fading gradually from the centre to the edge. Conidiomata distributed in the dish irregularly. Material examined: CHINA, Guizhou Province, Qingzhen city, from the healthy stems of Orixa japonica, 14 Sep 2020, Hong-Bo Wang, JJ 3 (Holotype: HKAS 121465, dried culture), ex-type living culture: KUNCC 21–10714, ibid., 14 Sep 2020, Hong-Bo Wang, JJ 18 (paratype: GZAAS 21–0392), living culture GZCC 21–1085. Notes: Two obtained cultures (KUNCC 21–10714 and GZCC 21–1085) isolated from the healthy stems of Orixa japonica, are identified to represent a new species of Diaporthe orixae which cluster closer to D. sackstonii and D. caryae with a high bootstrap support values (99% ML-bs, 1.00 BYPP and 74% MP-bs) in the phylogenetic tree. Based on pairwise nucleotide comparisons, D. orixae is different from D. caryae in 20/622 bp (3%) of ITS, 7/577bp (1.2%) of tef1-α, 17/749 (2.3%) of β-tub and 14/590 (2.4%) of his3 and differs from D. sackstonii in 23/566 bp (4%) of ITS, 9/587bp (1.5%) of tef1-α and 7/773 (0.9 %) of β-tub. They also can be distinguished by morphological characters. Diaporthe orixae has bigger conidiomata compared to D. caryae (98–509 μm versus 310–325 μm diam); smaller alpha conidia (3.6–5.6 × 1.7–2.7 μm versus 7–8.5 × 2.1–2.5 μm), however, the beta conidia of D. orixae is absent, but D. caryae produced. Diaporthe orixae has bigger conidiomata compared to D. sackstonii (98–509 μm versus 50–100 μm diam), smaller necks (36–88 μm versus up to 500 μm), smaller conidiogenous cells (2.0–4.2 × 1.2–2.6 μm versus 10–15 ×1.5–3.0 μm) and smaller alpha conidia (3.6–5.6 × 1.7–2.7 μm versus 6–8 × 2–2.5 μm). Based on the combination of morphological characterization and multi-gene phylogeny, we introduce D. orixae as a distinct species according to the guidelines for species delineation described in Jeewon & Hyde (2016). The paratype of D. orixae (GZCC 21–1085), did not produce micro-morphologic structures in the media., Published as part of Lu, Qing-Tao, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Sun, Ya-Ru, Tang, Xia, Lu, Yong-Zhong & Zhang, Zhen, 2022, Diaporthe orixae sp. nov., an endophytic species isolated from Orixa japonica in southern China, pp. 37-51 in Phytotaxa 544 (1) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.544.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6501342, {"references":["Jeewon, R. & Hyde, K. D. (2016) Establishing species boundaries and new taxa among fungi: recommendations to resolve taxonomic ambiguities. Mycosphere 7 (11): 1669 - 1677. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / 7 / 11 / 4"]}

Diaporthe caryae C.M. Tian & Q. Yang, MycoKeys 39, 97–149 (2018) FIGURE 3 Index Fungorum number: IF824706, MycoBank: MB824706 Etymology: Named after the host genus on which it was collected, Carya Holotype: BJFC-S1476 Endophytic in the stem of Orixa japonica. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, sporulating poorly on MEA, immersed in the medium, aggregated, globose, multilocular, black, erumpent. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, 1–3-septate, branched, densely aggregated, cylindrical, straight to sinuous, 6.0–16 (–21.0) × 1.7–3.0 μm (x̅ = 11.5 × 2.5 μm, n = 15). Alpha conidia 3.5–6.5 × 1.5–2.5 μm (x̅ = 5.3 × 2.2 μm, n = 30), aseptate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, ellipsoidal or fusiform, tapering towards ends or obtuse at both ends. Beta conidia hyaline, aseptate, filiform, straight or hamate, slightly tapering towards both ends, eguttulate, base subtruncate, 15.0– 24.5 × 1.0–2.0 μm (x̅ = 20.7 × 1.4 μm, n = 30). Culture characters: Cultures incubated on MEA at 25 °C. Colony entirely white at surface, reverse with pale brown pigmentation, white, fluffy aerial mycelium, the sporulation distributed in the media randomly. Known distribution: CHINA (Yang et al. 2018, Guo et al. 2020, Wang et al. 2021, this study) Known hosts: On symptomatic twigs of Carya illinoensis (Juglandaceae), pear shoot canker, Rosa roxburghii, Prunus persica and health stems of Orixa japonica (Rutaceae) (Yang et al. 2018, Guo et al. 2020, Wang et al. 2021, this study). Material examined: CHINA, Guizhou Province, Qingzhen city, from the healthy stems of Orixa japonica, 14 Sep 2020, Hong-Bo Wang, JJ 9 (GZAAS 21–0393, dried culture; living culture: GZCC 21–1086), JJ17 (GZAAS 21–0394, dried culture; living culture: GZCC21–1087). Notes: Diaporthe sackstonii was introduced by Thompson et al. (2015) with only producing alpha conidia. The strain (GZCC 19–0129) which was reported by Dissanayake et al. (2020a) without any morphological description was clustered together with taxa of D. caryae in our study (FIGURE 1). A comparison of nucleotide base pairs of ITS, tef1-α, and β-tub between the strain (GZCC 19–0129) and the type species of D. sackstonii and D. caryae were done based on BLASTn algorithms for aligning two sequences in NCBI. In ITS, D. sackstonii (GZCC 19–0129) differs from the type species of D. sackstonii (BRIP 54669b) and D. caryae (CFCC 52563) in 1/469 bp (0.21%), 3/452 bp (0.66%), respectively. In tef1-α, they are different in 13/311 bp (4.18%), 1/311 bp (0.32%), respectively. In β-tub, they are different in 25/701 bp (0.036%) and 10/400 bp (2.5%), respectively. We therefore suggested that the identification of the strain (D. sackstonii GZCC 19–0129) may need to re-evaluate. Diaporthe caryae was firstly described from symptomatic twigs of Carya illinoensis by Yang et al. (2018). Morphologically, the two new collections (GZCC 21–1086, GZCC 21–1087) are similar to the holotype of D. caryae in conidiophores and conidia. Phylogenetically, GZCC 21–1086 and GZCC 21–1087 are grouped with D. sackstonii (GZCC 19–0129) and D. caryae (CFCC 52563, CFCC 52564) in the phylogenetic tree with good support. Furthermore, we compared the new collections with the holotype of D. caryae (CFCC 52563) using single gene data, and they are 100%, 1.8% (5/273), 0.7% (5/699) similar in ITS, tef1-α, and β-tub, respectively. Based on the morphology and molecular data analyses, the two new collections (GZCC 21–1086, GZCC 21–1087) are considered as D. caryae. This is the first report of D. caryae on O. japonica in China., Published as part of Lu, Qing-Tao, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Sun, Ya-Ru, Tang, Xia, Lu, Yong-Zhong & Zhang, Zhen, 2022, Diaporthe orixae sp. nov., an endophytic species isolated from Orixa japonica in southern China, pp. 37-51 in Phytotaxa 544 (1) on pages 46-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.544.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6501342, {"references":["Yang, Q., Fan, X. L., Guarnaccia, V. & Tian, C. M. (2018) High diversity of Diaporthe species associated with dieback diseases in China, with twelve new species described. MycoKeys 39: 97 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / mycokeys. 39.26914","Guo, Y. S., Crous, P. W., Bai, Q., Fu, M., Yang, M. M., Wang, X. H., Du, Y. M., Hong, N., Xu, W. X. & Wang, G. P. (2020) High diversity of Diaporthe species associated with pear shoot canker in China. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 45: 132 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / persoonia. 2020.45.05","Wang, X., Guo, Y., Du, Y., Yang, Z., Huang, X., Hong, N., Xu, W. & Wang, G. (2021) Characterization of Diaporthe species associated with peach constriction canker, with two novel species from China. MycoKeys 80: 77 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / mycokeys. 80.63816","Thompson, S. M., Tan, Y. P., Shivas, R. G., Neate, S. M., Morin, L., Bissett, A. & Aitken, E. A. B. (2015) Green and brown bridges between weeds and crops reveal novel Diaporthe species in Australia. Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 35: 39 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 003158515 X 687506","Dissanayake, A. J., Chen, Y. Y. & Liu, J. K. (2020 a) Unravelling Diaporthe species associated with woody hosts from Karst Formations (Guizhou) in China. Journal of Fungi 6 (4): 251. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / jof 6040251"]}

The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the vulnerability of tourism workers, but no detailed job loss figures are available that links tourism vulnerability with income inequality. This study evaluates how reduced international tourism consumption affects tourism employment and their income loss potential for 132 countries. This analysis shows that higher proportions of female (9.6%) and youth (10.1%) experienced unemployment whilst they were paid significantly less because they worked in tourism (_5%) and if they were women (_23%). Variations in policy support and pre-existing economic condition further created significant disparities on lost-income subsidies across countries. With the unequal financial burden across groups, income and regions, the collapse of international travel exacerbates short-term income inequality within and between countries.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-aor-10.1177_00034894221081612 for Comparison Between Different Approaches Applied in Pediatric Adenoidectomy: A Network Meta-Analysis by Ya-Lei Sun, Bin Yuan and Fei Kong in Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-aor-10.1177_00034894221081612 for Comparison Between Different Approaches Applied in Pediatric Adenoidectomy: A Network Meta-Analysis by Ya-Lei Sun, Bin Yuan and Fei Kong in Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology

Supplementary Material 1: Figure S1. Primary root length and lateral root density of wild-type seedlings exposed to C10-HSL. Figure S2. NIA1, NIA2 and NOA1 participate in C10-HSL induced short primary root. Figure S3. U0126 could rescue C10-HSL induced primary root inhibition. Figure S4. Relative primary root growth of Col-0 seedlings exposed to C10-HSL with or without LiCl plus LaCl3. Table 1. List of the primers for qRT-PCR analysis of the genes. Bloting images (Figure S5 and S6): Original blotting images.

We present effective field theories for the weakly coupled Weyl-$\mathrm{Z}_2$ semimetal, as well as the holographic realization for the strongly coupled case. In both cases, the anomalous systems have both the chiral anomaly and the $\mathrm{Z}_2$ anomaly and possess topological quantum phase transitions from the Weyl-$\mathrm{Z}_2$ semimetal phases to partly or fully topological trivial phases. We find that the topological phase transition is characterized by the anomalous transport parameters, i.e. the anomalous Hall conductivity and the $\mathrm{Z}_2$ anomalous Hall conductivity. These two parameters are nonzero at the Weyl-$\mathrm{Z}_2$ semimetal phase and vanish at the topologically trivial phases. In the holographic case, the different behavior between the two anomalous transport coefficients is discussed. Our work reveals the novel phase structure of strongly interacting Weyl-$\mathrm{Z}_2$ semimetal with two pairs of nodes., v2: 45 pages,12 figures. References and comments added, typos corrected. Final version to appear in JHEP

Alcohol dependence is a global public health problem, yet the mechanisms of alcohol dependence are incompletely understood. The traditional view has been that ethanol alters various neurotransmitters and their receptors in the brain and causes the addiction. However, an increasing amount of experimental evidence suggests that gut microbiota also influence brain functions via gut-to-brain interactions, and may therefore induce the development of alcohol use disorders. In this study, a rat model of alcohol dependence and withdrawal was employed, the gut microbiota composition was analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the metagenome function was predicted by PICRUSt software. The results suggested that chronic alcohol consumption did not significantly alter the diversity and richness of gut microbiota in the jejunum and colon, but rather markedly changed the microbiota composition structure in the colon. The phyla Bacteroidetes and eight genera including Bacteroidales S24-7, Ruminococcaceae, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, et al were drastically increased, however the genus Lactobacillus and gauvreauii in the colon were significantly decreased in the alcohol dependence group compared with the withdrawal and control groups. The microbial functional prediction analysis revealed that the proportions of amino acid metabolism, polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis and peroxisome were significantly increased in the AD group. This study demonstrated that chronic alcohol consumption has a dramatic effect on the microbiota composition structure in the colon but few effects on the jejunum. Inducement of colonic microbiota dysbiosis due to alcohol abuse seems to be a factor of alcohol dependence, which suggests that modulating colonic microbiota composition might be a potentially new target for treating alcohol addiction.

Purpose. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topical treatments (including steroids and antibiotics) for adults with blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC). Methods. The following databases were searched for relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs): China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Web of Science, MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database (CENTRAL). Two reviewers selected studies and analyzed the risk of bias independently. The treatments were loteprednol 0.5%/tobramycin 0.3% (LE/T) and dexamethasone 0.1%/tobramycin 0.3% (DM/T). The efficacy outcome measures were change from baseline (CFB) in composite scores of ocular symptoms and signs; the CFB in the signs composite scores for blepharitis, conjunctivitis, and keratitis at each visit; the total ocular adverse event incidence (AEs); and the incidence of intraocular pressure (IOP) increase after treatment. Prepost mean differences (MDs) were compared for continuous outcome variables, and incidences were analyzed for dichotomous data. The pooled effect sizes were analyzed using 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in a fixed-effect model. Heterogeneity was evaluated using the Q-test and I2 statistic. Results. The CFB to final visit in ocular symptoms and signs of BKC was not statistically different between the two treatments (95% CI, −0.33 to 1.50; MD = 0.58; P=0.21). The CFB in signs composite scores for blepharitis (95% CI, −0.16 to 0.48; MD = 0.16; P=0.32), conjunctivitis (95% CI, −0.55 to 1.76; MD = 0.61; P=0.30), and keratitis (95% CI, 0.00–0.28; MD = 0.14; P=0.05) was also similar with the two treatments. LE/T was a safer intervention than DM/T, with fewer overall adverse events (95% CI, 0.34–0.80; RR = 0.52; P=0.003) and significantly less elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) (95% CI, 0.32–0.70; RR = 0.47; P=0.0002). Conclusions. DM/T and LE/T are both effective treatments for BKC, but LE/T may be a safer intervention.

Supplemental material, CRI914196 Supplemental Materials for A pragmatic randomized controlled trial of a cardiac hospital-to-home transitional care program in a Singapore academic medical center by Yanying Chen, Yi Jin Tan, Ya Sun, Cheng Zhan Chua, Jeffrey Kwang Sui Yoo, Shing Hei Wong, Helen Chen, John Chee Meng Wong and Phillip Phan in Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management

Yanyan Hu,1,2 Erpeng Qi,1 Fangyi Liu,1 Yuhan Lu,1 Shuilian Tan,1 Ya Sun,1 Zhiyu Han,1 Ping Liang,1 Xiaoling Yu1 1Department of Interventional Ultrasound, General Hospital of People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, China; 2Medical Department, First Affiliated Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of iodine-125 (125I) seed implantation for pancreatic cancer (PC), and preliminarily evaluate the clinical value of a self-developed three-dimensional (3D) visualized seed planning and navigation system in 125I seed implantation for treatment of PC. Patients and methods: Our team retrospectively reviewed 25 PC patients who underwent 125I seed implantation between December 2010 and November 2016. The patients were divided into two groups: 3D visualization preoperative planning group (12 patients, 13 lesions) and two-dimensional (2D) regular group (13 patients, 14 lesions). We compared and analyzed the parameters of the two groups, such as number of needle insertions, one-time treatment success rate, proportion of added seeds, local control rate, rate of complications, rate of pain relief, and the survival rate and risk factors of the two groups. There was no significant difference in clinical data of the two groups. Results: 125I seed implantation was performed successfully in all PC patients, with no occurrence of serious complications during and after the procedure. The one-time treatment success rate of 3D group (80%) was higher than that of 2D group (45.5%) (P

The rural homestead reclaimation is the potential of arable land, which is one of the important ways to supplement the occupied land. The reclaimation should give consideration to both quality and efficiency, and the appropriateness of cultivated land is conducive to more effective and targeted reclaimation of homestead. At the same time, it is of some guiding significance to evaluate the quality of the homestead. Based on the soil of rural homestead in Xiqing district, Tianjin, the soils of the homestead and ordinary cultivated lands were studied,eleven evaluation factors were selected through field survey sampling and indoor soil physical and chemical properties analysis to obtain experimental data, then the appropriateness evaluation model of cultivated land was established by means of the Delphi method, analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy mathematics method. And then the data of soil and arable land in reclaimed land were used to verify the reliability of arable land suitability evaluation model. Finally, the farmland suitability of the soil of Tianjin homestead was evaluated. The suitability of homestead soil was 4.41, which in level 8 or 9 of national standards. Compared with cultivated soil, the organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium contents of the homestead soil were low. The use of fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphate and organic matter should be increased in appropriate amount during reclamation. Soil bulk density and particle size were poor, so the corresponding measures should be taken when reclamation, at the same time the risk of heavy metals pollution should be emphasized.

The benefits of using polyethylene(PE) mulch films in agriculture are well established in China. However, residues of PE films contaminate soils. Disposing of used films may lead to off -site environmental pollution, especially contributing to white pollution. We conducted a study to measure the amount of PE film residue in a number of farmland soils(27 sites) previously subjected to long-term film mulching across five main agriculture production regions of Qingdao, China. The amount of film residue in soils was highly variable with the mean being 32.3±15.7 kg·hm-2. Seven sites exceeded 40 kg·hm-2 with the highest being 69.3 kg·hm-2. There was no evident correlation between the amount of film residue in soil and the type of cropping system or the number of years of surface mulching, but was related to the recovery rate of the film in the current season. About 1.6% of the recovered PE films was in pieces less than 2 cm2, 7.3% was between 2 cm2 and 20 cm2, 19.2% was between 20 cm2 and 100 cm2, and the remainder (71.9%) was in pieces greater than 100 cm2. More than 90% of the residue PE films was in the 0~20 cm ploughing soil layer, while 5% was in the 20~30 cm layer. A number of key steps are suggested to control the ongoing pollution of PE film residue in farmland:(1) Establish and implement a comprehensive program for controlling soil PE film residue pollution in agriculture involving both government and industry initiatives;(2) Upgrade the quality of PE film to increase the proportion that can be recovered after harvest and recycled;(3) Develop and promote new biodegradable films to as cost-effective alternatives PE residual pollution.

Using the Gleeble-1500D simulator, the high temperature plastic deformation behavior of SiCp/Al-Cu composite were investigated at 350-500℃ with the strain rate of 0.01-10s-1. The true stress-strain curves were obtained in the tests. Constitutive equation and processing map were established. The results show that the softening mechanism of dynamic recrystallization is a feature of high-temperature flow stress-strain curves of SiCp/A1-Cu composite, and the peak stress increases with the decrease of deformation temperature or the increase of strain rate.The flow stress behavior of the composite during hot compression deformation can be represented by a Zener-Hollomon parameter in the hyperbolic sine form. Its activation energy for hot deformation Q is 320.79kJ/mol. The stable regions and the instability regions in the processing map were identified and the microstructures in different regions of processing map were studied.There are particle breakage and void in the instability regions.

Luyuan Tan,1,2,* Ya Sun,3,* Liling Zhu,1,2,* Xin Lei,4 Dongya Liang,5 Nanyan Rao,1,2 Fengxi Su,1,2 Kai Chen,1,2 Shunrong Li1,2 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Breast Surgery, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shunrong Li; Kai ChenDepartment of Breast Surgery, Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou 510120, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 203 407 0091Email lishr@mail.sysu.edu.cn; Chenkai23@mail.sysu.edu.cnPurpose: Totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) are widely used in cancer patients. The main purpose of our study is to observe the incidence and identified risk factors of catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in breast cancer patients with TIVAD.Patients and methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of consecutive breast cancer patients who received the ultrasound-guided TIVAD implantation for the administration of chemotherapy from 2013 to 2016. The primary outcome was CRT (both symptomatic and asymptomatic detected by ultrasound). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors for breast cancer TIVAD-related CRT.Results: A total of 209 breast cancer patients with a newly implanted TIVAD for chemotherapy were included in this study. The average time of port duration was 7 months. Of the enrolled 209 patients, 33 patients (15.8%) had CRT, 2 of the 33 cases were symptomatic (1 pulmonary embolism, 1 deep-venous thrombosis [DVT]), the other 31 cases were asymptomatic detected by routine ultrasound examination of the catheter-associated vein before TIVAD removal with all cycles of chemotherapy completed. In total, 19 (57.6%) of CRT patients underwent directly TIVAD removal without any further treatments, 14 patients received anticoagulation treatments for 3–30 days followed by TIVAD removal. No DVT event was observed within at least 1.5 years of follow-up. In the multiple-variable analysis, tumor size >2 cm (OR 2.735, 95% CI 1.042–7.177; P=0.032), positive HbsAg (OR 2.803 95% CI 1.027–7.856; P=0.047) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) >3.6 mmol/L (OR 2.360, 95% CI 1.059–5.351; P=0.040) were the significant independent risk factors of breast cancer TIVAD-related CRT.Conclusion: CRT is a common complication in breast cancer patients with TIVAD for chemotherapy. Tumor size, HbsAg status and LDL level were independent predictors of breast cancer for TIVAD-related CRT. Removal of the port without anticoagulation treatments might be a feasible choice for asymptomatic TIVAD-related CRT.Keywords: deep-venous thrombosis, hepatitis B virus, breast cancer, totally implantable venous access devices

Background: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of montelukast for the treatment of patients with pediatric allergic purpura (PAP). Methods: We will retrieve the following electronic databases from inception to the present: MEDILINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, AMED, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang, and VIP database without language limitation. Two authors will carry out study selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation independently. RevMan V5.3 software will be used for statistical software. Results: This study will summarize high-quality evidence-based medicine to evaluate the efficacy and safety of montelukast for the treatment of PAP. Conclusion: This study will provide strong evidence to determine whether montelukast is an effective and safety treatment for PAP. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42019145472.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text, Background: Treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) remains challenging. LN remains the primary source of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Chinese patent medicine Bailing capsule is commonly used for the treatment of LN. However, there is no consensus on the difference in clinical efficacy compared with routine treatment. Therefore, we plan to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to review the clinical efficacy and safety of Bailing capsule for LN. Methods: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Database, Wanfang database, and VIP information database will be searched from their inception until January 2019. The meta-analysis will be conducted with Review Manager 5.3 software to systematically review the clinical efficacy and safety of Bailing capsule for LN. The primary outcome will include clinical effective rate, and the secondary outcomes will include Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index, serum creatinine, 24-hour urine protein quantity, complement 3, and adverse effects. Results: This analysis will provide useful information about clinical efficacy and safety of Bailing capsule for LN. Conclusions: Our study will generate strong evidence of Bailing capsule for patients with LN and provide suggestions for clinical practice.

Dina I Abu Rabe,1 Mohamad M Al Awak,1 Fan Yang,2 Peter A Okonjo,1 Xiuli Dong,1 Lindsay R Teisl,2 Ping Wang,2 Yongan Tang,3 Nengyu Pan,2 Ya-Ping Sun,2 Liju Yang11Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USA; 2Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; 3Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC 27707, USABackground: Carbon dots (CDots) have recently been demonstrated their effective visible light-activated antimicrobial activities toward bacteria. This study was to evaluate and understand the roles of the surface functionalities in governing the antimicrobial activity of CDots.Methods: Using the laboratory model bacteria Bacillus subtilis, the photo-activated antimicrobial activities of three groups of CDots with specifically selected different surface functionalization moieties were evaluated and compared. The first group consisting of CDots with surface functionalization by 2,2-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine) (EDA) vs. 3-ethoxypropylamine (EPA), was evaluated to determine the effect of different terminal groups/charges on their photo-activated antibacterial activities. The second group consisting of CDots functionalized with oligomeric polyethylenimine (PEI) and those prepared by the carbonization of PEI – citric acid mixture, was to evaluate the effects of dot surface charges vs. fluorescent quantum yields on their antimicrobial activities. The third group consisting of CDots functionalized with PEI of 1,200 vs. 600 in average molecular weight was evaluated for the effect of molecular weight of surface passivation molecular on their antimicrobial activities.Results: The results indicated the EDA-CDots in the first group was more effective and was attributed to the positive charges from the protonation of the amino groups (–NH2) being more favorable to interactions with bacterial cells. The evaluation of the second group CDots suggested the same surface charge effect dominating the antibacterial performance over the fluorescent quantum yields. The evaluation of the third group CDots functionalized with PEI of 1,200 vs. 600 in average molecular weight, indicated the latter was significantly more effective.Conclusions: The results from this study highlighted the dominant role of surface functionalities in governing CDots’ light activated antimicrobial activity and should have significant implications to the further design and development of CDots as a new class of visible light-activated antibacterial agents.Keywords: carbon dots, antimicrobial, bacteria, photo-activated, surface functionalization

Distribution of conserved motifs in different protein families. Motif analysis was performed online by MEME; up to 6 motifs were permitted. (PDF 376 kb)

We report on the morphological evolutions of iron films sputtering deposited on elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates under uniaxial compression/tension. The experiment shows that the as-prepared film (no external strain) spontaneously forms cracks and wrinkles due to the residual thermal stresses stored up during/after the film deposition. The external uniaxial compression can generate delaminated buckles perpendicular to the loading direction (transverse direction) and new cracks in the loading direction (longitudinal direction). Subsequent reloading and further straining result in the formation of transverse cracks and longitudinal buckles. It is found that there exists a significant coupling effect between the cracking and buckling patterns during the compression/tension process. The morphological evolution behaviours and underlying physical mechanisms are discussed and analysed in depth in this paper.

To investigate the effects of Zhibai Dihuang Decoction (ZDD) on sperm mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) in the rat model of ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection (UUI).Ninety male SD rats were randomly divide into five groups: normal control, UUI model control, ZDD, doxycycline, and ZDD + doxycycline. The UUI model was established in the latter four groups of rats by UU injection into the bladder. On the second day after modeling, the animals of the normal control and UUI model control groups were treated intragastrically with 0.9% sodium chloride solution and those in the other groups with corresponding drugs, all for 21 consecutive days. At 24 hours after drug withdrawal, epididymal samples were obtained for detection of the protein and mRNA expressions of VDAC2 and ANT4 in the sperm mitochondria by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively and determination of the contents of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and energy charge (EC) in the sperm mitochondria by high-performance liquid chromatography.The protein expressions of VDAC2 and ANT4 in the rat sperm mitochondria were 0.626 ± 0.074 and 0.527 ± 0.096 in the normal control group, 0.039 ± 0.011 and 0.044 ± 0.011 in the UUI model control group, 0.101 ± 0.037 and 0.127 ± 0.040 in the ZDD group, 0.236 ± 0.070 and 0.253 ± 0.054 in the doxycycline group, and 0.475 ± 0.064 and 0.367 ± 0.086 in the ZDD + doxycycline group, significantly lower in the UUI model control than in the normal control group (P0.05 and P0.01), but remarkably higher in the doxycycline and ZDD + doxycycline groups than in the UUI model control (P0.01) and the ZDD group (P0.05 and P0.01), and the expression of VDAC2 was markedly higher in the ZDD + doxycycline than in the doxycycline group (P0.01). The mRNA expressions of VDAC2 and ANT4 were 0.008 ± 0.001 035 and 0.026 50 ± 0.003 401 in the normal control group, 0.000 79 ± 0.000 226 and 0.001 64 ± 0.000 205 in the UUI model controls, 0.002 06 ± 0.000 861 and 0.005 04 ± 0.002 537 in the ZDD group, 0.003 34 ± 0.000 229 and 0.008 57 ± 0. 000 690 in the doxycycline group, and 0.004 85 ± 0.000 495 and 0.013 13 ± 0.000 826 in the ZDD + doxycycline group, significantly lower in the UUI model control than in the normal control group (P0.05 and P0.01), but remarkably higher in the ZDD, doxycycline and ZDD + doxycycline groups than in the UUI model controls (P0.01) as well as in the doxycycline and ZDD + doxycycline groups than in the ZDD group (P0.01) and in the ZDD + doxycycline than in the doxycycline group (P0.01). The levels of ATP, ADP, AMP and EC in the sperm mitochondria were (203.41 ± 13.16) mg/L, (129.87 ± 14.68) mg/L, (149.05 ± 5.65) mg/L and 0.56 ± 0.01 in the normal control group, (96.22 ± 12.55) mg/L, (99.87 ± 3.28) mg/L, (212.53 ± 19. 43) mg/L and 0.36 ± 0.03 in the UUI model control group, (101.99 ± 5.97) mg/L, (104.99 ± 16.40) mg/L, (183.97 ± 12.43) mg/L and 0.40 ± 0.01 in the ZDD group, (159.44 ± 33.16) mg/L, (118.51 ± 12.99) mg/L, (160.64 ± 14.19) mg/L and 0.50 ± 0.06 in the doxycycline group, and (194.07 ± 9.36) mg/L, (121.62 ± 9.41) mg/L, (150.21 ± 12.87) mg/L and 0.55 ± 0.01 in the ZDD + doxycycline group. The levels of ATP and EC were significantly lower and that of AMP higher in the UUI model control than in the normal control group (P0.01), while the former two were remarkably higher and the latter one lower in the doxycycline and ZDD + doxycycline groups than in the UUI model controls (P0.05 and P0.01). Compared with the ZDD + doxycycline group, the ZDD group showed significantly decreased ATP and EC but increased AMP, while the doxycycline group exhibited decreases in both ATP and EC (P0.05 and P0.01).ZDD can upregulate the decreased protein and mRNA expressions of VDAC2 and ANT4 in the sperm mitochondria and improve sperm mitochondrial permeability transition and mitochondrial energy metabolism in rats with UU infection, which may be one of its action mechanisms in the treatment of UU infection-induced male infertility.目的： 观察知柏地黄汤对解脲脲原体(UU)感染模型大鼠精子线粒体通透性转化的影响。方法： 取SPF级SD雄性大鼠90只，随机分成正常对照组、模型组、中药组(知柏地黄汤)、西药组（强力霉素）、中西组（知柏地黄丸+强力霉素），除正常对照组外，其他组均采用经大鼠膀胱注射UU建立UU感染动物模型。造模成功后，给予对应药物连续灌胃21 d，末次给药24 h后取标本，采用RT-PCR法测定大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2 mRNA、ANT4 mRNA表达水平，采用Western印迹法检测大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4蛋白表达水平，采用高效液相色谱法检测精子线粒体ATP、ADP、AMP含量。结果： 正常对照组、模型组、中药组、西药组、中西药组大鼠精子VDAC2蛋白表达水平分别为0.626±0.074、0.039±0.011、0.101±0.037、0.236±0.070、0.475±0.064；ANT4蛋白表达水平分别为0.527±0.096、0.044±0.011、0.127±0.040、0.253±0.054、0.367±0.086；模型组大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4蛋白表达水平明显低于正常对照组（P0.05，P0.01）；西药组、中西组较模型组大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4蛋白表达水平显著升高（P0.01）；西药组、中西组较中药组大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4蛋白表达水平上升显著（P0.05，P0.01）；中西组较西药组线粒体VDAC2蛋白表达水平上升显著（P0.01）。正常对照组、模型组、中药组、西药组、中西药组大鼠精子VDAC2 mRNA表达水平分别为0.008±0.001 035、0.000 79±0.000 226、0.002 06±0.000 861、0.003 34±0.000 229、0.004 85±0.000 495；ANT4 mRNA表达水平分别为0.026 50±0.003 401、0.001 64±0.000 205、0.005 04±0.002 537、0.008 57±0.000 690、0.013 13±0.000 826；模型组大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4 mRNA表达水平明显低于正常对照组（P0.05，P0.01）；治疗组（中药组、西药组、中西组）大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4 mRNA表达水平较模型组显著升高（P0.01）；西药组、中西组较中药组大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4 mRNA表达水平显著上升（P0.01）；中西组较西药组大鼠精子VDAC2、ANT4 mRNA表达水平显著上升（P0.01）。正常对照组、模型组、中药组、西药组、中西药组大鼠精子ATP值分别为(203.41±13.16)、(96.22±12.55)、(101.99±5.97)、(159.44±33.16)、(194.07±9.36) mg/L；ADP值分别为(129.87±14.68)、(99.87±3.28)、(104.99±16.40)、(118.51±12.99)、(121.62±9.41) mg/L；AMP值分别为(149.05±5.65)、(212.53±19.43)、(183.97±12.43)、(160.64±14.19)、(150.21±12.87) mg/L；EC值分别为0.56±0.01、0.36±0.03、0.40±0.01、0.50±0.06、0.55±0.01；与正常对照组比较，模型组大鼠精子ATP及EC值降低，AMP值上升，差异有显著性（P0.01）。与模型对照组比较，西药组、中西组大鼠精子ATP及EC值上升，AMP值下降，差异有显著性（P0.05，P0.01）。与中西组比较，中药组大鼠精子ATP及EC值下降，AMP值上升，西药组大鼠精子ATP、EC值下降，差异有显著性（P0.05，P0.01）。结论： UU感染能使大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4蛋白表达水平下降，VDAC2 mRNA、ANT4 mRNA表达水平降低，使ANT/VDAC的转运异常，进而使线粒体能量代谢异常，ATP、ATP/ADP及EC值下降。知柏地黄汤能够使UU感染大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4蛋白表达水平上升，VDAC2 mRNA、ANT4 mRNA表达水平升高，调控ANT/VDAC蛋白复合体的转运功能，保证了ATP、ADP在线粒体与胞质间的有效转运，提升ATP、ATP/ADP及EC值，维护了大鼠精子线粒体正常的能量代谢。这可能是知柏地黄汤治疗UU感染性不育症的机制之一。.

Electrical resistivity investigation was conducted in vicinity of Tarbela Ghazi, in order to study the subsurface layer with a view of determining the depth to the aquifer and thickness of groundwater potential zones. Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) using Schlumberger array was carried out at 16 VES stations. Well logging data at four tube wells have been used to mark the super saturated zones with great discharge rate. The present paper shows a geoelectrical identification of the lithology and an estimate of the relationship between the resistivity and Dar Zarrouk parameters (transverse unit resistance and longitudinal unit conductance). The VES results revealed both homogeneous and heterogeneous nature of the subsurface strata. Aquifer is unconfined to confine in nature, and at few locations though perched aquifer has been identified, groundwater potential zones are developed in unconsolidated deposits layers and more than seven geo-electric layers are observed at some VES locations. Saturated zones thickness ranges from 5 m to 150 m, whereas at few area aquifer is beyond 150 m thick. The average anisotropy, transvers resistance and longitudinal conductance values are 0.86 %, 35750.9821 Ω.m2, 0.729 Siemens, respectively. The transverse unit resistance values fluctuate all over the aquifer system, whereas below at particular depth high values are observed, that significantly associated with the high transmissivity zones. The groundwater quality in all analyzed samples is below permissible limit according to World Health Standard (WHO)., {"references":["Ammar, A. I. Estimating the groundwater storage from the electrical resistivity measurements in Wadi El-Natrun Area, Western Desert, Egypt. J. Am. Sci. 2010, 6 (10), 1-10.","Bundschuh, J. Hydrochemical and hydrogeological studies of groundwater in Peshawar Valley, Pakistan. Geological Bulletin, University of Peshawar, 1992, 25, 23–37.","Freeze, R. A., & Cherry, J. A. Groundwater, 1979 (p. 604). New Jersey: Prentice Hall Publications.","Government of Pakistan. Census report, Haripur District, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, 2017.","Huntley, D. Relations between permeability and electrical resistivity in granular aquifers. Ground water, 1986, 24, 466-474.","Kelly, W. E. Geoelectrical sounding for estimating aquifer hydraulic conductivity. Ground water, 1977, 15, 420-424.","Kumar, M. S.; Gnanasundar, D.; Elango, L. Geophysical studies to determine hydraulic characteristics of an alluvial aquifer. Journal of Environmental Hydrol. 2001, 09 (15), 1-7.","Louis, I. F.; Karantonis, G.A.; Voulgaris, N. S.; Louis, F.I. The contribution of geophysical methods in the determination of aquifer parameters: the case of Mornos River delta, Greece. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 2004, 8(4), 41–49.","Mazac, O.; Kelly, W. E.; Landa, I.A. hydrogeophysical model for relations between electrical and hydraulic properties of aquifers. J. Hydrol. 1985, 79,1-19. \n[10]\tNasreen, S. Monitoring of surface water groundwater air and soil in Peshawar basin against time the 3rd dimension. A Thesis-Excellence in Geology, Uni. of Peshawar, 2006.\n[11]\tNiwas, S.; Singhal, D.C. Estimation of aquifer transmissivity from Dar Zarrouk parameters in porous media. Hydrol. 1981, 50, 393-399.\n[12]\tR. Maillet, \"The Fundamental Equations of Electrical Prospecting,\" Geophysics, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1947, pp. 529- 556. doi:10.1190/1.1437342\n[13]\tSrivastava, P.K.; Bhattacharya, A.K. Groundwater assessment through an integrated approach using remote sensing, GIS and resistivity techniques: a case study from a hard rock terrain. Int. J. Remote Sens. 2006, 27(20), 4599–4620. \n[14]\tTariq, S. Environmental geochemistry of surface and sub surface water and soil in Peshawar basin of NWFP Pakistan. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Peshawar, 2001.\n[15]\tYeats, R. S. and Lawrence, R. D. Tectonics of the Himalayan thrust belt in northern Pakistan. In: Haq, B.U. and Milliman, J. D., (eds.) Marine Geology and oceanography of Arabian Sea and coastal Pakistan. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. NewYork, 1984, 177-200.\n[16]\tZohdy, A. A. R.; Eaton, G. P.; Mabey, D. R. Application of surface geophysics to ground-water investigations. U.S. Geological Survey. Techniques of water-Resources Investigation, 1974, Book 2, Chap.D1, pp. 5."]}

Table S2. Generalized linear model (GLM)-Gamma regression model. (DOCX 18Â kb)

Table S1. Medical expenses for stomach cancer diagnosis and treatment per patient by stage and therapy (average expenses, 95%CI). (DOCX 15Â kb)

Figure S1. Yearly trend of medical expense for stomach cancer diagnosis and treatment per patient, by province groups, 2002-2011 . A to B show the yearly trend of medical expense per patient by province (A), by data reliability (B). (PDF 418 kb)

Additional file 2. We give the proof of THEOREM: $$W_{sm}^{k}$$ W sm k and $$W_{md}^{k}$$ W md k defined in Eqs. (17) and (18) will converge after proper normalization.

The finite element analysis software ANSYS was used to establish the two-dimensional finite element model of the stator and rotor of the axial piston hydraulic motor pump. The numerical calculation and analysis of the driving magnetic field were carried out. The result shows that the distribution of the magnetic field in the oil gap with hydraulic oil was uniform. The statics analysis of pump sleeve which is the key part of motor pump was performed through extracting the parameters of magnetic field torque and other data as the force conditions. It turns out that the distribution of the deformation, stress and shearing force of the pump sleeve under the stress condition was studied. It is concluded that the maximum deformation of the pump sleeve occurs at the shaft shoulder and at the end face of the pump sleeve positioning piston pump cylinder. The research provided reference and basis for the design and related calculation of motor pump.

In this paper, we investigate a (3+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Kadomtsev—Petviashvili equation, which can describe the nonlinear phenomena in fluids or plasmas. Painleve analysis is performed for us to study the integrability and we find that the equation is not completely integrable. By virtue of the binary Bell polynomials, bilinear form and soliton solutions are obtained, and Backlund transformation in the binary-Bell-polynomial form and bilinear form are derived. Soliton collisions are graphically discussed: the solitons keep their original shapes unchanged after the collision except for the phase shifts. Variable coefficients are seen to affect the motion of solitons: when the variable coefficients are chosen as the constants, solitons keep their directions unchanged during the collision; with the variable coefficients as the functions of the temporal coordinate, the one soliton changes its direction.

Aims Several local varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) developed by Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, are widely cultivated in the agricultural regions in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. These varieties are well adapted to multiple environmental stresses such as low temperature, strong solar radiation, and drought. The objective of this study was to determine the responses of PSII photochemical efficiency to high solar irradiance in leaves of four wheat varieties. We examined whether photo-inhibition was appeared in wheat varieties and analysed variations of quantum yield of quenching due to light-induced and non-light-induced. Methods Field experiments were conducted on the farmland of Xiangride, which is located in the eastern side of Caidamu Basin, Qinghai Province. Four local wheat varieties were used during the heading stage in 2013. Measurements of photochemical efficiency and quantum yield were made on the abaxial surface of flag leaves facing the Sun by using a FMS-2 fluorometer, and the content of photosynthetic pigments and specific leaf weight (SLW) were concurrently determined. Pulse-modulated in-vivo chlorophyll fluorescence technique was used to obtain rapid information on photosynthetic processes. The maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) was determined at 8:30, 12:00 and 16:30 on clear days after allowing for 20 min dark adaptation with leaf clips. The PSII maximal and actual photochemical efficiency (Fv′/Fm′ and ΦPSII), the PSII photochemical and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qP and NPQ) were analyzed between morning and afternoon using inner actinic light with photosynthetically active photon flux density at 1 120 μmol photons·m·s. Furthermore, along with analysis of the fraction of PSII reaction centers that are opened (qL), the quantum yield of quenching due to light-induced processes (ΦNPQ) and non-light-induced processes (ΦNO) were explored. Important findings There were significant differences in the content of photosynthetic pigments and SLW among the four wheat varieties. Under conditions of clear days, the flag leaves exhibited marked depressions in 376 植物生态学报 Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 2014, 38 (4): 375–386 www.plant-ecology.com Fv/Fm at three typical times when determined after 20 min dark adaptation. At a given light intensity, the values of Fv′/Fm′ were significantly reduced in the afternoon due to influences by long-lasting high-light irradiation, and ΦPSII showed little differences among the four wheat varieties and no difference between morning and afternoon. There were almost similar variations in qP and NPQ among the four wheat varieties, suggesting that qP and NPQ belong to instinct property and are influenced by the accumulative stresses of high-light intensity. The fractions of ΦNPQ were higher than that of ΦNO in the four wheat varieties and the up-regulatory of ΦNPQ in the afternoon indicated that the photosynthetic apparatus in these wheat varieties had already acclimated to strong solar irradiation in agricultural regions of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

采用柠檬酸络合溶胶–凝胶法制备了Eu 3+ 掺杂BiVO 4 新型光催化剂, 通过XPS、XRD、SEM、BET和UV-Vis等手段对其进行表征和分析。并以甲基橙为模拟污染物, 考察了 BiVO 4 的可见光催化活性。结果表明, Eu 3+ 掺杂前后BiVO 4 均为单斜白钨矿型, 无其他杂质相生成, 且由于掺杂Eu 3+ , 晶体中V 4+ 和氧空缺增多。掺杂后样品光吸收性能发生红移, 但掺杂对其形貌和比表面积改变较小。Eu 3+ 掺杂有效提高了BiVO 4 的可见光催化活性, 当Eu 3+ 掺杂量为0.2mol%时, BiVO 4 光催化效率最高, 50 min内对甲基橙溶液的脱色率达95%, 比纯BiVO 4 提高了62%左右。