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Understanding the impact of climate change and human activities on runoff is crucial for water resources management. However, an evaluation of available methods for analysing this impact is lacking. In this study, we comprehensively reviewed four commonly used quantitative methods: the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, Budyko-based approach, and two empirical methods, i.e., Double mass curve (DMC) and Modified DMC (MDMC). Using the Wei River basin as a case study, we assessed the runoff reduction influenced by climate change and human activities from 1970 to 2017. The results show that human activities are the primary driver for runoff reduction. The highest contribution of human activities was estimated by the DMC (93.2%–99.9%), followed by MDMC and SWAT (65.6%–87.1%), while the Budyko-based had the smallest estimates (55.3%–61.2%). Each method has advantages and limitations, so the appropriate method should be selected based on research objectives and data availability/quality.

Atmospheric escape from exoplanets is a topic of great interest for the exoplanet community since atmospheric retention is an important component of surface habitability. While atmospheric escape has been detected from large exoplanets, it remains difficult to measure for smaller (rocky) planets. Indeed, for rocky planets orbiting active stars it is thought that it may be difficult for atmospheres to be retained at all. In the absence of detailed observations, one option is to leverage observations and models for planets in our own solar system.Here we consider atmospheric escape from Mars – if it orbited an M Dwarf star similar to Barnard’s star. Our analysis considers five escape processes: hydrodynamic escape, thermal escape, photochemical escape, ion escape, and sputtering. To estimate the escape rate via each process from our hypothetical “ExoMars”, we employ models for escape that have either been validated using observations or verified against other models. We provide escape rate estimates for important species in the Martian upper atmosphere: O, O2, H, and CO2, and use them to estimate the lifetime of the Martian atmosphere.

[ES] El objetivo del presente Trabajo Fin de Máster es el diseño de un centro de distribución para una empresa del sector de moda deportiva, con el fin de permitir el abastecimiento a nivel nacional de sus tiendas de venta al público. Dado que no existe un procedimiento universal para el diseño de centros de distribución, se opta por una metodología iterativa de diseño que permita satisfacer una serie de requisitos analizados y establecidos por la empresa, como son los niveles de inventario, los perfiles de preparación de pedidos, las características de los productos y la inversión del proyecto. Para llevar a cabo el diseño, primero se deben analizar las condiciones que se exigen cumplir con la actividad de la empresa. A partir de los datos obtenidos, se procede a definir una primera configuración en la que se realiza el dimensionamiento de los medios de almacenamiento, la definición del modelo de funcionamiento para el centro de distribución, el dimensionamiento de los medios de manutención, la distribución en planta, la estimación de costes operativos, la inversión necesaria y la determinación de los procesos operativos. Tras ello, se hace un análisis de la configuración obtenida y se identifican otras alternativas para tratar de optimizar el diseño, modificando las decisiones de diseño y repitiendo el procedimiento explicado anteriormente. Por último, a través de las sucesivas iteraciones, en las que también se evalúa económicamente cada una de las opciones de diseño, se selecciona una solución final que cumpla con los requisitos establecidos por la empresa y que además proporcione los menores costes anuales y la menor inversión., [EN] The objective of this Master's Thesis is the design of a distribution center for a company in the sports fashion sector, in order to allow the nationwide supply of its retail stores. Since there is no universal method for the design of distribution centers, an iterative design methodology is chosen which enables to provide a series of analyzed requirements and established by the company, such as inventory levels, order preparation profiles, the characteristics of the products and the investment of the project. To accomplish the design, first, the conditions that are required to fulfill the activity of the company must be analyzed. From the obtained data, it is proceeded to define a first configuration in which is done the sizing of the storage media, the definition of the operating model for the distribution center, the sizing of the handling media, the layout, the estimation of operating costs, the necessary investment and the determination of the operating processes. After that, it is made an analysis of the configuration obtained and it is identified other alternatives to try to optimize the design, modifying the design decisions and repeating the procedure explained above. Finally, through successive iterations, in which each of the design options is also economically evaluated, a final solution is selected that meets the requirements established by the company and that also provides the lowest annual costs and the lowest investment.

In the article, a novel 2-degree-of-freedom hybrid piecewise-linear piezoelectric–electromagnetic vibration energy harvester is presented to achieve better energy harvesting efficiency. The harvester consists of a primary piezoelectric energy harvesting device to which an electromagnetic mechanism is coupled to improve the integral energy output, and a driven beam is mounted to broaden the operating bandwidth by inducing nonlinearity. Considering the piezoelectric–electromagnetic coupling characteristics and the nonlinear factors, dynamic equations of the system are established. Expressions of the output power are deduced though averaging method. Characteristic parameters are analyzed theoretically, including the piezoelectric parameters, electromagnetic parameters, and the piecewise-linearity. Frequency sweep excitation test is conducted on the setup at an excitation acceleration of 0.3 g and results demonstrate that two resonant regions are obtained with the peak output power of 5.4 and 6.49 mW, respectively, and the operating bandwidth is increased by 8 Hz. Moreover, though adjusting the stiffness of the driven beam k3 and the gap between the primary beam and the driven beam d, the performance of the harvester can be further optimized.

In the paper, on the basis of the stress field intensity method, the internal complex wingding structure of 6 × 31SW + FC type wire rope is analyzed and calculated. As a first step, considering the weakening speed of weight function in the stress field intensity method is too fast, a modification is presented to make it more suitable for the calculation of the fatigue life of wire rope. The load spectrum of the critical locations of wire rope is then established, based on the Costello mechanical model and the actual working conditions. Through the stress field intensity method, the time history curve of stress field is then obtained. Subsequently, the fatigue life of wire rope is calculated by using the linear cumulative damage theory of fatigue. The wire rope fatigue test rig is established, and the experimental value of the fatigue life of wire rope is compared with the theoretical calculation value. The results show that the experimental load of 90 t is the demarcation point of high and low cycle fatigue of wire rope, the theoretical values and the test results are close to each other in the fatigue cycle, which proves the effectiveness of the stress field intensity method in predicting the fatigue life of the wire rope.

DiVA, Academic Archive On-line, is a website which can provide the information from the most academic publications of Swedish Universities. The information includes the title, author, publication data, and so on. The aim of this project is to design a tool to visualize the co-authorship publication network and be able to transform the data into a more readable form. For parsing and visualizing data, the tool adopts the “InforVis Reference” model. Here a set of interaction and visualization technologies are adopted, so that it can create view base on user’s query with increasing the usability. In this thesis, we present a “use case” by applying our tool to visualize a part of articles published at Linnaeus University and to illustrate the capability and functions of the tool. The tool can also provide user a comfortable operating environment with a quick searching speed and high efficiency; it can be used anywhere, if internet is available.

BackgroundProstate stem/progenitor cells function in glandular development and maintenance. They may be targets for tumor initiation, so characterization of these cells may have therapeutic implications. Cells from dissociated tissues that form spheres in vitro often represent stem/progenitor cells. A subset of human prostate cells that form prostaspheres were evaluated for self-renewal and tissue regeneration capability in the present study.MethodsProstaspheres were generated from 59 prostatectomy specimens. Lineage marker expression and TMPRSS-ERG status was determined via immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Subpopulations of prostate epithelial cells were isolated by cell sorting and interrogated for sphere-forming activity. Tissue regeneration potential was assessed by combining sphere-forming cells with rat urogenital sinus mesenchyme (rUGSM) subcutaneously in immunocompromised mice.ResultsProstate tissue specimens were heterogeneous, containing both benign and malignant (Gleason 3-5) glands. TMPRSS-ERG fusion was found in approximately 70% of cancers examined. Prostaspheres developed from single cells at a variable rate (0.5-4%) and could be serially passaged. A basal phenotype (CD44+CD49f+CK5+p63+CK8-AR-PSA-) was observed among sphere-forming cells. Subpopulations of prostate cells expressing tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (Trop2), CD44, and CD49f preferentially formed spheres. In vivo implantation of sphere-forming cells and rUGSM regenerated tubular structures containing discreet basal and luminal layers. The TMPRSS-ERG fusion was absent in prostaspheres derived from fusion-positive tumor tissue, suggesting a survival/growth advantage of benign prostate epithelial cells.ConclusionHuman prostate sphere-forming cells self-renew, have tissue regeneration capability, and represent a subpopulation of basal cells.