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supplement 1

This study introduces three methods for building an auto-transformer rectifier units (ATRU) real-time model based on different application scenarios. Real-time models run on an advanced real-time simulator that has the capability to leverage central processing units and field programming gate arrays. In the first section, the disadvantages of the off-line simulation are explained and the solution is offered through real-time simulation. In the second section, applications of real-time simulation in a more electric aircraft (MEA) electric power system will be presented. In the third section, methods to build the ATRU real-time model are illustrated based on requirements and different scenarios. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate the agreement between the results and analysis.

More electric aircraft (MEA) is a developing trend in modern aerospace engineering aiming for a reduction of the aircraft weight, operation cost and environmental impact through putting more emphasis on the utilisation of electrical power. It has many advantages, but also increases the complexity of the aircraft. Therefore, the requirements of prognostic and health management for MEA are needed. The method that using sequential importance re-sampling (SIR) particle filtering state estimation and smoothed residual to diagnose fault for typical components is discussed. The simulation results show that this method can locate faults accurately and quickly.