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Sports injuries in athletes will affect their performance. The purpose of this study was to determine and find out the common injuries experienced by Kabaddi athletes in Indonesia. This study used a quantitative descriptive research design. The instrument used in this study was an injury report questionnaire. The questions focused on anthropometry, types of injury, and causes of injury. The population of this study was Kabaddi athletes spread across provinces in Indonesia. The samples of this study were taken using a purposive sampling technique. The inclusive criterion included Kabaddi athletes who had or were currently experiencing injuries. The samples of the study were 41 athletes (n = 41). In female Kabaddi athletes, the most common injuries were found in the upper body and experienced by athletes in the defender position (61.5%). Injuries to the lower body were mostly experienced by a raider (38.5%). The body parts that were commonly injured in male Kabaddi athletes, especially to the upper body, involved mostly wrist injuries (14.29%) followed by shoulder/clavicle and upper arm injuries (7.14%). In the lower body, the most common injuries were on the knees (21.43%) and ankles (17.86%). Meanwhile, in other parts of the body, the injury mostly occurred on the head, such as the face, nose, and mouth, (10.71%). In female Kabaddi athletes, the most common injuries occurred to the upper body, including to the shoulder/clavicle (30.77%). Meanwhile, in the lower body, the injury mostly occurred to the ankle (15.38%). This study shows that the most common injuries to male Kabaddi athletes in Indonesia are injuries to the lower body, namely the knee, and ankle, while the most common injury to female Kabaddi athletes is an injury to the upper body, namely the shoulder/clavicle.

The case of stunting in Indonesia is number one in ASEAN. The stuntingindicator can be predicted by height and weight; the gene, nutrition, health, andphysical activity also contributed to development and growth. The appropriatephysical activity and engagement in sports can help to increase growth spurt inchildren. Each sport has a different characteristic and type and its effect on thegrowth of who engaged. The study investigates the relationship between physicalactivity (PA) and Peak Height Velocity (PHV) in children. The literature review wasused in this study to explore the association between PA and PHV. The review studyfound that the level of PA strongly correlated with PHV. The substantial evidencealso found that boys were higher in PA than girls on PHV time. However, whenaligned no difference in biological age and sex three years before PFV. The childrenwho get the intervention of PA regularly higher on PHV than no PA regularly. Thestudy concludes that PA is essential to increase PHV in the development and growthstage of children.

Received: August 21st, 2022 ; Accepted: November 14th, 2022 ; Published: November 24th, 2022 ; Correspondence: sgh_undip@yahoo.co.id This study investigated the impact of nutmeg flesh extract on intestinal morphology, bacterial population, blood profile and antioxidant status of broiler chickens stocked at high density pens. After 15 days of rearing, 370 Lohmann broiler chicks (unsexed) were assigned to five treatment groups based on a completely randomized design, including T0 (chicks were raised at a density of 10 birds m-2 and received no nutmeg flesh extract), T1 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds m-2 and received no nutmeg flesh extract), T2 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds m-2 and received 0.5 mL kg-1 nutmeg flesh extract), T3 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds m-2 and received 1.0 mL kg-1 nutmeg flesh extract), and T4 (chicks were raised at a density of 16 birds m-2 and received 1.5 mL kg-1 nutmeg flesh extract). Sampling was conducted on day 35 of age. The results showed that the administration of nutmeg flesh extract (regardless of its levels) to broilers diets at high density (16 birds m-2 ) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the performance, villi height in the duodenum, jejunum and ileum, decreased pH in the ileum and cecum, increased lactic acid bacteria and decreased coliform bacteria in the ileum and cecum, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and had no significant effect (p > 0.05) on the blood profile of broiler chickens. The findings demonstrated that nutmeg flesh extract improved performance, intestinal bacterial population and morphology and antioxidative status of broilers raised under high density condition.

The study was conducted to evaluate the impact of feeding multistrain probiotic on breast muscle characteristics of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) infected broilers. Three hundred and thirty six Lohmann MB-202 day-old-chicks were divided to four treatment groups, including CNTRL (chicks receiving basal diet and not infected), APEC (chicks receiving basal diet and infected with APEC), APEC-AGP (chicks taking in basal diet containing 0.04% zinc bacitracin and infected with APEC) and APEC-PROB (chicks taking in basal diet containing 0.5% probiotic Bacillus and infected with APEC). At day 35, birds were randomly taken and slaughtered, and from which the breast muscles were collected for the determination of breast meat characteristics. The breast meat of CNTRL had lower (P < 0.05) pH values than APEC-AGP and APEC-PROB birds. The breast muscles from CNTRL exhibited higher (P < 0.05) water holding capacity (WHC) and water content than that from infected groups. Crude fat was higher (P < 0.05) in APEC-AGP and APEC-PROB than that of CNTRL and APEC meats. Crude ash was higher (P < 0.05) in APEC-PROB meat than that in other meats. The L* (lightness) values were higher (P < 0.05) in meats from APEC and APEC-AGP than in CNTRL and APEC-PROB meats. The a* (redness) values were higher (P < 0.05) in meat of CNTRL than in APEC-AGP and APEC-PROB. The samples from APEC-AGP had the highest (P < 0.05) values of b* (yellowness). Palmitic, stearic and linoleic acids were higher (P < 0.05) in meat from CNTRL and APEC compared to that from APEC-AGP and APEC-PROB. Oleic acid was higher (P < 0.05) in CNTRL than in APEC-AGP and APEC-PROB meats. CNTRL meat had higher (P < 0.05) antioxidant activity than APEC and APEC-AGP meats. The 21, 42.7, 40, 51 and 53 kDa bands were intense in all meat samples from APEC group, but less intense in some samples from CNTRL, APEC-AGP and APEC-PROB groups. In conclusion, APEC infection posed a negative effect on broiler meat characteristics. Probiotic seemed to counteract infection and thereby alleviate the detrimental effect of APEC infection on meat traits.

This study investigated the responses of low-weight day-old chicks to zinc bacitracin and Bacillus mixture on growth performance, hematology, intestinal selected microbiota populations, and carcass characteristics. A total of 192 unsexed Lohman MB-202 day-old broiler chicks were randomly allotted to four dietary treatment groups of 48 chicks each (6 replicates of 8 chicks) and fed for 35 days. The four treatments were CONT (basal diet without supplementation), AGP (basal diet with 0.04% zinc bacitracin), PROB (basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Bacillus mixture), and PROB+AGP (basal diet supplemented with 0.5% Bacillus mixture and 0.04% zinc bacitracin). There were no significant differences in final body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio of broilers. The relative weight of thymus was higher (P= 0.01) in AGP than that in PROB and PROB+AGP birds. Birds in PROB+AGP had lower (P= 0.04) values of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme compared to those in CONT and AGP groups, but the difference was not significant when compared with birds in PROB group. Serum creatinine was lower (P< 0.01) in PROB+AGP than in CONT and AGP birds. Birds in AGP group tended (P = 0.09) to have higher globulin concentration in the serum compared to other birds. There was also a tendency (P = 0.07) for PROB+AGP birds to have higher albumin to globulin ratio compared with other birds. There was more lactic acid bacteria in ileal digesta (P = 0.05) in PROB+AGP than in AGP birds, but the difference was not significant when compared to CONT and PROB birds. Birds in AGP group had higher (P = 0.05) relative breast weight compared to other birds. In conclusion, Bacillus mixture did not affect performance and hematological parameters, but increased the intestinal population of lactic acid bacteria in broiler chicks.

Perkembangan teknologi informasi yang sedemikian cepatnya telah membawa dunia memasuki era baru yang lebih cepat. Salah satu hasil dari kemajuan teknologi adalah dihasilkannya teknologi perangkat mobile. Teknologi perangkat mobile saat ini sudah semakin berkembang penggunaannya seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, dimana salah satunya adalah perkembangan komunikasi berbasis mobile smartphone. Teknologi yang menjadi pengaruh sangat besar saat ini adalah platform smartphone berbasis android. Salah satu manfaat smartphone berbasis android yang dapat di gunakan yaitu untuk mencari berbagai informasi atau ilmu pengetahuan dengan mudah dan cepat.Informasi mengenai kebudayaan di Indonesia saat ini sangat di butuhkan agar pengguna atau generasi muda dapat mengenal dan melesetarikan kebudayaan Indonesia ataupun kebudayaan di daerahnya sendiri dengan mudah. Seiring berkembangnya zaman, menimbulkan perubahan pola hidup masyrakat yang lebih modern terutama bagi remaja sebagai generasi muda.�� Akibatnya, masyarakat lebih memilih kebudayaan baru seperti kebudayaan asing yang mungkin dinilai lebih praktis dibandingkan dengan budaya lokal. Budaya asing masuk ke Indonesia membawa berbagai macam pengaruh, yaitu pengaruh positif dan pengaruh negatif. Salah satu contoh yang dapat dilihat dari sisi negatif kebudayaan asing yang datang ke Indonesia adalah gaya hidup orang asing, mulai dari cara berpakaian kurang sopan yang seharusnya tidak digunakan sampai dengan cara bergaul mereka. Hal ini tidak dapat dibiarkan begitu saja sebagai generasi penerus bangsa sudah semestinya menjaga dan melestarikan kebudayaan Indonesia. Dalam hal ini, mengenal budaya Indonesia saja sangatlah penting karena mengenal budaya dan keanekaragaman Indonesia adalah salah satu awal yang baik untuk kita nantinya akan melestarikan keanekaragaman budaya Indonesia.Berdasarkan uraian di atas, penulis akan memanfaatkan teknologi perangkat mobile smartphone berbasis android untuk membangun aplikasi pencarian informasi kebudayaan yang terdapat di indonesia. Dengan menggunakan perangkat mobile yang dapat di bawa kemana saja, maka pengguna di mudahkan untuk�� mencari informasi kebudayaan di indonesia dengan mudah dan cepat. Untuk membangun aplikasi� pencarian kebudayaan di Indonesia yang berbasis mobile, maka dalam penelitian ini penulis akan menggunakan algoritma brute force. Algoritma brute force ini akan di terapkan dalam proses pencarian kebudayaan di indonesia, dimana algoritma ini dapat di gunakan dalam pencarian string atau teks.Kata Kunci : Brute Force, Mobile Phone, Android

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary Chlorella sp. supplementation on immune response and growth performance of broiler chickens exposed to post hatch holding time. Allotted in 36 pens, a total of 180 newly hatched chicks were assigned in a 3 × 2 factorial design, with dietary Chlorella administration (0, 5 and 10 g kg-1) and feeding time post hatch (hour 0 and 48) as the factors. The Chlorella supplemented diets were provided to chicks either immediately (early) or after 48 hours (late) post hatch until day 35. Irrespective of the post hatch feeding times, Chlorella supplementation increased (P< 0.05) total IgA concentration in the intestinal mucosa of broilers. Birds withheld from feed for 48 hours after hatching had lower (P< 0.05) final body weight (BW) than those of fed immediately.Chlorella supplementation had no influence on the final BW, but abdominal fat content of broilers was lowered (P< 0.05) by Chlorella, regardless of the different feeding times post hatch. In conclusion, post hatch holding time resulted in lower final BW of broilers. Although feeding 1% Chlorella could not alleviate the retarded growth rate in feed withheld-birds, the treatment may be useful to improve the immune response and to decrease the abdominal fat content of broilers.