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Olfactory and gustatory systems play an irreplaceable role in all cycles of growth of insects, such as host location, mating, and oviposition. Many chemosensory genes in many nocturnal moths have been identified via omics technology, but knowledge of these genes in diurnal moths is lacking. In our recent studies, we reported two sex pheromone compounds and three host plant volatiles that play a vital role in attracting the diurnal moth, Phauda flammans. The antennal full-length transcriptome sequence of P. flammans was obtained using the Pacbio sequencing to further explore the process of sex pheromone and host plant volatile recognition in P. flammans. Transcriptome analysis identified 166 candidate olfactory and gustatory genes, including 58 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 19 chemosensory proteins (CSPs), 59 olfactory receptors (ORs), 16 ionotropic receptors (IRs), 14 gustatory receptors (GRs), and 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Subsequently, a phylogenetic tree was established using P. flammans and other lepidopteran species to investigate orthologs. Among the 17 candidate pheromone receptor (PR) genes, the expression levels of PflaOR21, PflaOR25, PflaOR35, PflaOR40, PflaOR41, PflaOR42, PflaOR44, PflaOR49, PflaOR51, PflaOR61, and PflaOR63 in the antennae were significantly higher than those in other non-antennae tissues. Among these PR genes, PflaOR21, PflaOR27, PflaOR29, PflaOR35, PflaOR37, PflaOR40, PflaOR42, PflaOR44, PflaOR60, and PflaOR62 showed male-biased expression, whereas PflaOR49, PflaOR61, and PflaOR63 revealed female-biased expression. The functions of related OR genes were also discussed. This research filled the gap of the chemosensory genes of P. flammans and provided basic data for future functional molecular mechanisms studies on P. flammans olfaction.

Background : Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for severe mental illness but access is limited for patients lacking consent capacity. We aimed to compare the symptomatic, cognitive, quality of life (QOL) and functional outcomes of patients with and without capacity receiving ECT for schizophrenia, depression or mania. Methods : Patients prescribed ECT in a single center had their clinical outcomes pre and post ECT compared with repeated measures ANOVAs. Differences in demographic, clinical characteristics and ECT treatment between the group lacking and having capacity were examined using independent t-tests for continuous variables and chi-squared tests for categorical variables. Results : 75.1% of 175 patients lacked capacity. The group lacking capacity had overall poorer cognitive and global functioning pre ECT but higher QOL. Objective psychiatric symptom ratings after ECT improved similarly between groups. Mood, cognition, QOL and function improved in both groups, with more improvement in mood and function in the group lacking capacity and a trend towards greater cognitive improvement (p = 0.051). Limitations : Subgroup analysis by diagnosis was not done due to smaller sample sizes in each group. Cognition was assessed with a general screening instrument not a full neuropsychological assessment. Conclusions : ECT is a safe and effective treatment for schizophrenia, bipolar mania and depression, and may provide similar or greater benefits in patients lacking capacity to consent, compared to those with capacity. These results support the provision of a framework for substitute decision making in the patients’ best interests for ECT in patients unable to provide their own consent.

Olfactory and gustatory systems play an irreplaceable role in all cycles of growth of insects, such as host location, mating, and oviposition. Many chemosensory genes in many nocturnal moths have been identified

Ligands play a critical role in the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) based on heterogeneous molecular catalysts. Previous research on heterogeneous molecular electrocatalysis has mainly dealt with N4 ligands with pyrrole as subunits (porphyrin, phthalocyanine, etc.), while ligands constructed from pyridine subunits remain uncommon. The examples for comparing active configurations are few and far between. Herein, the development of new N4 cobalt complexes based on pyridine subunits is explored. After anchoring onto carbon nanotubes, they can exhibit CO2RR activity at a low overpotential of 140 mV, and high activity from -0.30 to -0.60 V versus reference hydrogen electrode with a selectivity of above 98%. Excellent performance at large current densities can also be observed in a flow cell. In situ attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy proves that such electrocatalysts exhibit CO production at lower overpotential and moderate CO adsorption ability over a wide potential range. From density functional theory calculations, it is shown that a pyridine-based cobalt complex on a carbon substrate can reduce the Gibbs free energy for reactions further than its counterpart pyrrole-based ones. Further analysis proves that the semimetal behavior of optimized d-orbitals may facilitate charge transfer and increase the activity. This provides a new insight for understanding catalytically active moieties in heterogeneous molecular catalysts with ligands constructed from pyridine subunits. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Ministry of Education (MOE) National Research Foundation (NRF) This project was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF), Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore, under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) program. The authors also acknowledge financial support from the academic research fund AcRF tier 1 (M4012076 RG118/18), Ministry of Education, Singapore, AME Individual Research Grant (Grant number: A1983c0026), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.

A narrow linewidth electro-optically tuned multi-channel interference (MCI) widely tunable semiconductor laser based on carrier injection is demonstrated in this paper. The MCI laser with a common phase section and a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is packaged into a 16-pin butterfly box. The laser is characterized by a strategy: shifting the longitudinal mode and then aligning the reflection peak, which obtains a quasi-continuous tuning range over 48 nm. The corresponding side mode suppression ratios (SMSRs) are higher than 40 dB and frequency deviations from ITU-grid are less than ± 1 GHz. Threshold currents are less than 28 mA. Fiber coupled output powers are higher than 20 mW and power variations with fixed gain and SOA currents are less than 0.8 dB over the whole tuning range. Lorentzian linewidths are less than 320 kHz over the entire tuning range, which is one of the lowest results for monolithic widely tunable semiconductor lasers tuned by carrier injection. These results demonstrate the potential prospects of the MCI laser with carrier injection in the field of optical sensing and optical communications.

Optical Phase Arrays (OPAs) are expected to be an ideal solution to achieve beam shaping, laser radar (LIDAR), free-space optical communications, and spatially resolved optical sensors, etc. We demonstrated a low-power consumption 32-channel OPA with non-uniformly spaced waveguides based on InP substrate. The phase shifters are based on a p-i-n structure which are operated with reverse bias and have a low power consumption. Besides, in order to improve the performance especially to obtain larger steering angle and narrower beam divergence without increasing the number of channels, we have optimized the spacing between the output waveguides. The fabricated OPA achieved a steering angle of 35° with the side lobe suppression ratio more than 8.2 dB across the angle range from -20° to 20° in the far field, which is the largest phase tuning steering angle reported by InP-based OPAs as far as we know. The divergence angle is about 0.46° in the phase steering dimension and the power consumption of the OPA at each steering angle is lower than 7.5 mW.

Cylindrical vector (CV) beams are highly desirable for wide applications ranging from manipulation to communications. Despite diverse schemes of CV beam emitters, the efficient generation of vector...

Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) modulators are expected to be an ideal solution to achieve a super-wide modulation bandwidth needed by the next-generation optical communication system. To improve the performance, especially to reduce the driving voltage, we have carried out a detailed design of the TFLN push-pull modulator by calculating 2D maps of the optical losses and V

Cognitive remediation (CR) is a learning-based intervention that aims to address the cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, which largely accounts for poor functional outcomes. Studies to understand the neurobiological adaptations after CR, especially on a network scale, have now emerged. We aim to provide an up-to-date review of neuroimaging studies of CR in schizophrenia, by conducting a systematic search of the electronic database till September 2018 to identify studies that included an active patient control group and a sample size of at least ten subjects per group. Eleven studies (four task-based fMRI, four resting-state fMRI, one diffusion tensor imaging, and one structural MRI) were identified, with a majority adopting a brain region-of-interest approach. The outcomes of the findings were largely positive, with most studies observing a group-by-time effect, and an association between brain changes and cognitive improvements. The synthesis of findings to identify common CR-evoked brain changes is hampered by the small number of studies till date and the high variability in CR approach, for instance, the domains of cognition targeted, presence of therapist, duration of CR, and environment in which CR is carried out. While the current findings demonstrate that CR can remodel the neurocircuitries in schizophrenia regardless of the phase of illness, the clinical utility of using neuroimaging markers to predict CR response will hinge on continued work to concurrently identify the active ingredients of CR and neuroimaging tools that can reliably detect subtle CR-led brain changes.

Heterogeneous molecular catalysts have attracted considerable attention as carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2 RR) electrocatalysts. The π-electron system of conjugated ligands in molecular catalysts may play an important role in determining the activity. In this work, by enlarging π-conjugation through appending more aromatic substituents on the porphyrin ligand, altered π-electron system endows the as-prepared 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-(pyren-1-yl)phenyl)porphyrin CoII with high Faradaic efficiency (ca. 95 %) for CO production, as well as high turnover frequency (2.1 s-1 at -0.6 V vs. RHE). Density functional theory calculation further suggests that the improved electrocatalytic performance mainly originates from the higher proportion of Co dz2 orbital and the CO2 π* orbital in the HOMO of the (Co-porphyrin-CO2 )- intermediate with larger π-conjugation, which facilitates the CO2 activation. This work provides strong evidence that π-conjugation perturbation is effective in boosting the CO2 RR. Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Ministry of Education (MOE) National Research Foundation (NRF) This work was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF), Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore, under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) program. The authors also acknowledge financial support from the academic research fund AcRF tier1 (M4012076RG118/18), Ministry of Education, Singapore, and AME Individual Research Grant (Grant A1983c0026), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR).

The genus Macromotettixoides Zheng, Wei & Jiang, 2005 is reviewed. Four new species of the genus, M. daiyunshanensis Deng, sp. nov., M. curvicarina Deng, sp. nov., M. convexa Deng, sp. nov. and M. shengtangshanensis Deng, sp. nov. are described with detailed illustrations of external morphology. Two new synonyms are established: M. jinggangshanensis, syn. nov. is synonymized with M. jiuwanshanensis Zheng, Wei & Jiang, 2005; M. parvula Zha & Wen, 2017, syn. nov. is synonymized with M. undulatifemura Deng, Zheng & Yang, 2012. Additionally, an updated key to species of the genus is given.

We calculated $\mathrm{V}_{\pi}$ and light loss for different electrode gap and waveguide depth for x-cut TFLN modulators. Then we fabricated modulators which have shown the lowest $\mathrm{V}_{\pi}\mathrm{L}$ among similar modulators as far as we know. © 2020 The Author(s)

We designed and fabricated two-dimensional optical beam steering chip based on X-cut LNOI wafer. The device can achieve a maximum angle of 18° in the phase tuning dimension with about 10 dB side lobe suppression ratio.

An easily manufacturable oxide-aperture ridge-waveguide GaAs/AlGaAs DFB laser has been demonstrated with first-order surface-gratings shallowly etched into the ridge. Uncoated devices exhibit threshold-current of 10 mA and SMSR>40 dB. Stable single-mode operation has been observed over the temperature range from 10 to 50 °C.

We present 1.3pm regrowth-free directly-modulated DBR lasers based on V-shaped slotted surface-gratings through standard photolithography. The fabricated laser has achieved the threshold-current ~12mA, SMSR ~50dB from 0°c to 50°c and 3-dB bandwidth ~12GHz.

This paper designs a minority language translation system based on Android, which combines the development technology of TensorFlow building neural network. In addition, the Python-based flask framework helps us achieve data transmission, so that the translation of minority languages into Chinese or Chinese into minority languages, and in the form of deep learning, the above system can be used in practical applications to solve the communication barriers between ethnic minority areas and language lovers. We try to use the LSTM algorithm to realize the background translation of the system, and by comparing the translation results with the original text, we find that the translation results have a certain quality improvement over the traditional machine translation, rather than rigid mechanical translation. Therefore, it is hoped that a good translation system of minority languages can be realized.

Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) modulators are expected to be an ideal solution to achieve a super-wide modulation bandwidth needed by the next-generation optical communication system. To improve the performance, especially to reduce the driving voltage, we have carried out a detailed design of the TFLN push-pull modulator by calculating 2D maps of the optical losses and Vπ for different ridge waveguide depths and electrode gaps. Afterwards the modulator with travelling wave electrodes was fabricated through i-line photolithography and then characterized. The measured Vπ for a modulator with 5-mm modulation arm length is 3.5 V, corresponding to voltage-length product of 1.75 V·cm, which is the lowest among similar modulators as far as we know. And the measured electro-optic response has a 3-dB bandwidth beyond 40 GHz, which is the limitation of our measurement capability. The detailed design, fabrication and measurement results are presented.

A practical two-dimensional beam steering solid-state system based on the synthesis of one-dimensional wavelength tuning and a one-dimensional optical phased array is demonstrated and investigated. The system incorporates an integrated multiple-channel-interference widely tunable laser, an integrated 32-channel optical phased array, an offline phase error correction unit, and home-made control electronics. The introduction of the integrated tunable laser avoids the traditional bulky light source fed into the optical phased array, making the architecture promising to be miniaturized. In addition, a calibration method based on particle swarm optimization is proposed and proved to be effective to correct the phase errors existing in the arrayed channels and improve the emitted far-field quality. Other practical aspects, such as high-speed control and cost, are taken into the consideration of the system design as well. Under the control of home-made electronics, the laser exhibits a tuning range of 50 nm with a 44 dB side-mode suppression ratio, and the system presents the characteristics of low divergence ( 0.63 ∘ × 0.58 ∘ ), high side-lobe suppression ratio ( > 10 d B ), and high-speed response ( < 10 µ s time constant) in an aliasing-free sweeping range of 18 ∘ × 7 ∘ .

Tomato peels contain a lot of lycopene with low bio-ability due to the large amount of insoluble fiber. Enzymatic modification could enhance the extraction yield of lycopene and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) of tomato peels dramatically. In this study, the peels were modified by 5% (w/v) Viscozyme L solution at pH 6 and 1:10 (w/v) as the solid-to-liquid ratio for 35 min. Compared with the original tomato peels (O-Peels), the extraction yield of SDF of the tomato peels by enzymatic treatment (E-Peels) was increased by 72.3%. As the results of the monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and zeta potential showed, the SDF treated by enzyme (E-SDF) had a higher galacturonic acid content, a smaller molecular weight of 7.09 × 104 Da, and a lower zeta potential of −37.6 mV than the original SDF (O-SDF). Morphological characters were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), and E-SDF exhibited a looser microstructure than O-SDF. Additionally, E-SDF possessed a stronger gelling ability than O-SDF in the presence of Ca2+. E-SDF and O-SDF had similar thermal properties, but E-SDF exhibited excellent hydration properties and glucose absorption capacity. Furthermore, the lycopene content of E-Peels was 170.67 mg per 100 g, which was increased by 23.8% compared to the O-Peels. These results suggest that enzymatic treatment is practical as a potential modification to obtain functional food materials from peel waste during the processing of tomato products. The enzymatic treated peels, as a novel food additive, have the prospect of improving health with high contents of lycopene and dietary fibers.

In order to develop an eco-friendly method for silk reactive dyeing that uses a lower accelerant dosage to achieve a higher dye fixation, hexyl dimethyl octyl ammonium chloride was synthesised as an accelerant for the dyeing of silk with reactive dyes. The accelerating effect, corresponding adsorption kinetics, and interaction mechanisms among hexyl dimethyl octyl ammonium chloride, reactive dyes, and silk were investigated. At hexyl dimethyl octyl ammonium chloride concentrations of 10.8–14.4 mm, the dye fixations for three reactive dyes were much higher than those achieved with sodium sulfate, even though the required dosages of hexyl dimethyl octyl ammonium chloride were 30–40 times lower than those of sodium sulfate. The wash fastness, rub fastness, light fastness, K/S, and colour difference values after dyeing with hexyl dimethyl octyl ammonium chloride were similar to those obtained using sodium sulfate, and silk can be dyed uniformly. The adsorption kinetics followed a second-order kinetic model. The activation energies of surface adsorption for the three reactive dyes were lower than those of sodium sulfate. The high fixation of reactive dyestuffs and the low required dosage of hexyl dimethyl octyl ammonium chloride demonstrate that the use of this new accelerant provides a novel, highly efficient method for silk dyeing. A possible acceleration mechanism of hexyl dimethyl octyl ammonium chloride for reactive dyes adsorbed on the surface of silk was proposed, based on a series of activation parameters of the adsorption process.

In this paper, we present a detailed measurement of the spectral linewidth and RIN of a new single mode semiconductor laser. The laser with active section cavity length of 600μm exhibits a minimum intrinsic linewidth of Voigt fitting around 760 kHz at 85 mA drive current and the minimum RIN is below -160dB/Hz at room temperature.

Herein, polyimide/graphene sheets (PI/GS) nanocomposite films with different GS distribution structures have been successfully obtained by controlling the imidization degrees, and the effect of the lamellar structure on the properties of PI film has been investigated. The results show that GS are gradually parallel to the surface of PI nanocomposite film with the increase of the imidization temperature, and 150 °C is the critical temperature, where the imidization rate is the fastest and the lamellar structure begins to form. Furthermore, with the drying temperature increasing, the corresponding thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of PI/GS nanocomposite films are significantly improved compared with that of pure PI films, which are ascribed to both the higher imidization degree and the lamellar GS structure. It is noteworthy that the formation process of the lamellar structure at different imidization stages can be directly observed by scanning electron microscope. Based on these results, a model has been proposed to explain the relationship between the lamellar structure and properties of PI composite film under different imidization stages, and the confinement of the thickness may be the most important factor for the formation of lamellar GS structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43575.

Objective Counselling women where severe growth abnormalities are detected early in the pregnancy is often difficult due to a paucity of outcome data of this specific subset of early onset disease. This study therefore aimed to assess the outcome of pregnancies where an estimated fetal weight less than the third centile were detected prior to 24 weeks gestation. Study design A retrospective study in two London teaching hospitals, over an eight year period was performed, analysing all pregnancies with an ultrasound estimated fetal weight less than the third centile prior to 24 weeks gestation. Outcome data: intrauterine death, neonatal death, survival to discharge, gestation at delivery and birthweight were collected. Results Out of 20 pregnancies included in the analysis, six died in utero, two died in the neonatal period and 12 (60%) survived until discharge. Of the livebirths, 67% delivered preterm and 100% percent of livebirths were delivered by Caesarean Section. Conclusion When severe growth abnormalities were detected before 24 weeks, more than half of pregnancies resulted in survival to neonatal discharge. There was an increased incidence of preterm delivery, caesarean section and neonatal unit admission. This information is useful in counselling parents.

We consider a quasi-linear Hamiltonian system with one and a half degrees of freedom. The Hamiltonian of this system differs by a small, $\sim\varepsilon$, perturbing term from the Hamiltonian of a linear oscillatory system. We consider passage through a resonance: the frequency of the latter system slowly changes with time and passes through 0. The speed of this passage is of order of $\varepsilon$. We provide asymptotic formulas that describe effects of passage through a resonance with an accuracy $O(\varepsilon^{\frac32})$. This is an improvement of known results by Chirikov (1959), Kevorkian (1971, 1974) and Bosley (1996). The problem under consideration is a model problem that describes passage through an isolated resonance in multi-frequency quasi-linear Hamiltonian systems., Comment: 45 pages, 2 figures

Let the adiabatic invariant of action variable in slow-fast Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom have two limiting values along the trajectories as time tends to infinity. The difference of two limits is exponentially small in analytic systems. An iso-energetic reduction and canonical transformations are applied to transform the slow-fast systems to form of systems depending on slowly varying parameters in a complexified phase space. On the basis of this method an estimate for the accuracy of conservation of adiabatic invariant is given for such systems., 27 pages, 14 figures

Fish gallbladders are consumed in rural areas of Asia as a traditional medicine to improve symptoms of arthritis, decreased visual acuity, and impotence. Consumption of large amounts of this traditional medicine can result in systemic toxicities; in particular, acute renal failure. We reviewed records of all admissions to Cho Ray Hospital (Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam) between January 1995 and December 2000 after this ingestion. Clinical courses and outcomes were similar in 16 of 17 patients. Within hours, patients experienced profuse vomiting (n = 16) and diarrhea (n = 15). All developed acute renal failure, with a mean serum creatinine concentration of 14.7 ± 3.9 mg/dL (1,299.5 ± 344.8 μmol/L). Four patients administered intravenous fluid (IVF) developed extracellular fluid volume overload, as did 1 patient not administered IVF. Time to peak creatinine concentration was 8.6 ± 3.0 days, which was accompanied by decreased urine volume (174.7 ± 161.6 mL/24 h). Blood pressure remained normal, with a mean arterial pressure of 91 ± 12 mm Hg. Twelve patients required renal replacement therapy. A mean of 1.9 ± 1.1 hemodialysis sessions was performed per patient. Sixteen patients recovered renal function; 1 patient died of fulminant hepatic failure. Kidney biopsies showed features of acute tubular injury. Acute renal failure after fish gallbladder ingestion is characterized by a failure to respond to IVF, an 8.6-day interval to peak creatinine level, frequent need for dialysis therapy, and findings on renal biopsy consistent with acute tubular necrosis. Acute renal failure after fish gallbladder ingestion has an excellent prognosis. However, death from fulminant hepatic failure can occur. Am J Kidney Dis 41:220-224. © 2003 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.

A new method of electric pulse treatment (EPT) for cancer is presented. The methods used in animal experiments and for clinical studies of esophageal cancer treatment are described. The results show that the techniques of electric pulse treatment for cancer have produced success in both 34 rats and 6 cases of esophageal cancer.