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Wenjuan Chen,1,2 Chen Peng,1,2 Jianfeng Zheng,1,2 Xiya Lu,1,2 Yangfeng Ding,1,2 Lina Su1,2 1Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Institute of Psoriasis, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lina Su; Yangfeng Ding, Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 1278 Baode Road, Jing’an District, Shanghai, 200443, People’s Republic of China, Email sulina11@hotmail.com; vygd112@163.comAbstract: Psoriasis is an immune-mediated systemic disease with multiple organs involvement, such as cardiovascular, live, gut, endocrine, and so on. Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a rare comorbidity associated with psoriasis, while BP occurring in erythrodermic psoriasis (EP) is very rare. In this case, we reported a woman with severe EP who developed BP, in whom beta hemolytic streptococcus infection was a possible triggering factor. The complicated condition of such patients needs to draw attention of the physician and study further for better treatment.Keywords: bullous pemphigoid, erythrodermic psoriasis, comorbidity

PURPOSE: This study aimed to verify whether the use of the Kaiser score can improve the diagnostic performance in breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for suspicious lesions and avoid further invasive diagnostic approaches. METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled 97 patients who underwent breast MRI before undergoing breast biopsy or surgery. Evaluations were conducted on all MRI images individually by 2 radiologists using the Kaiser score. Neither radiologist had the knowledge of the final histopathological diagnosis. The ability of the Kaiser score in diagnosis was established via a receiver performing characteristic (ROC) analysis, which was measured by the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Youden index was used to define the optimal cutoff value. Kaiser score categories were dichotomized into positive (cutoff score > 4) and negative scores (cutoff score ≤ 4). Cohen’s kappa coefficient was used to analyze the inter-rater agreement. RESULTS: Histopathology revealed 56 malignant and 41 benign lesions. The AUC for all lesions evaluated by the Kaiser score was 0.992 (95% CI: 0.981-1.0) and 0.958 (95% CI: 0.920-0.996) for 2 radiologists, respectively. Inter-rater agreement of the dichotomized Kaiser score was excellent (κ = 0.894, P < .001). A total of 20 lesions (33.8%) previously categorized as BI-RADS 4 were reduced to BI-RADS 2/3 (19 benign lesions and 1 malignant lesion). CONCLUSION: The Kaiser score is a valuable auxiliary diagnostic tool for improving the diagnostic ability of radiologists, whose experiences in breast MRI are diverse. In some cases, the application of the Kaiser score could possibly avoid unnecessary breast biopsies.

Mobile edge computing (MEC) emerges as a promising solution for servicing delay-sensitive tasks at the edge network. A body of recent literature started to focus on cost-efficient service placement and request scheduling. This work investigates the joint optimization of service placement and request scheduling in a dense MEC network, and develops an efficient online algorithm that achieves close-to-optimal performance. Our online algorithm consists of two basic modules: (1) a regularization with look-ahead approach from competitive online convex optimization, for decomposing the offline relaxed minimization problem into multiple sub-problems, each of which can be efficiently solved in each time slot; (2) a randomized rounding method to transform the fractional solution of offline relaxed problem into integer solution of the original minimization problem, guaranteeing a low competitive ratio. Both theoretical analysis and simulation studies corroborate the efficacy of our proposed online MEC optimization algorithm., 38 pages, 9 figures

Additional file 5:Association between BAX and BMPR1B genotype and litter size traits. A and B, p ≤ 0.05; a and b, p = 0.09. ** p ≤ 0.05, *p ≤ 0.1 = 0.06. N: Number of investigated litters. (DOC 73 KB)

Additional file of Microarray profiling for differential gene expression in PMSG-hCG stimulated preovulatory ovarian follicles of Chinese Taihu and Large White sows

Additional file 1. Additional figures.

Bird collisions with high-speed transport modes is a vital topic on vehicle safety and wildlife protection, especially when high-speed trains, with an average speed of 250km/h, have to run across the habitat of an endangered bird species. This paper evaluates the bird-train collision risk associated with a recent high-speed railway project in Qinling Mountains, China, for the crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) and other local bird species. Using line transect surveys and walking monitoring techniques, we surveyed the population abundance, spatial-temporal distributions, and bridge-crossing behaviors of the birds in the study area. The results show that: (1) The crested ibis and the egret were the two most abundant waterfowl species in the study area. The RAI of these two species were about 43.69% and 42.91%, respectively; (2) Crested ibises overall habitat closer to the railway bridge. 91.63% of them were firstly detected within the range of 0m to 25m of the vicinity of the bridge; (3) the ratio between crossing over and under the railway bridge was about 7:3. Crested ibises were found to prefer to fly over the railway bridge (89.29% of the total crossing activities observed for this species). Egrets were more likely to cross the railway below the bridge, and they accounted for 60.27% of the total observations of crossing under the bridge. We recommend that, while the collision risk of crested ibises could be low, barrier-like structures, such as fences, should still be considered to promote the conservation of multiple bird species in the area. This paper provides a practical case for railway ecology studies in China. To our best knowledge, this is the first high-speed railway project that takes protecting crested ibises as one of the top priorities, and exemplifies the recent nationwide initiative towards the construction of "eco-civilization" in the country., 25 pages, 6 figures, preprint for submission to Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

Figure S5. Overlaid chromatograms for recovery. 1 = angoroside C; 2 = cinnamic acid; 3 = harpagoside. (DOCX 39 kb)

Figure S3. Overlaid chromatograms for precision (50 Îźg/mL, 25 Îźg/mL, 50 Îźg/mL for angoroside C, cinnamic acid and harpagoside, respectively). 1 = angoroside C; 2 = cinnamic acid; 3 = harpagoside. (DOCX 30 kb)

Figure S1. Overlaid chromatograms for calibration curves. 1 = angoroside C; 2 = cinnamic acid; 3 = harpagoside. (DOCX 35 kb)

Figure S6. Chromatogram showing the limit of quantification. 1 = angoroside C; 2 = cinnamic acid; 3 = harpagoside. (DOCX 21 kb)

Figure S2. Overlaid chromatograms for precision (5 Îźg/mL, 2.5 Îźg/mL, 5 Îźg/mL for angoroside C, cinnamic acid and harpagoside, respectively). 1 = angoroside C; 2 = cinnamic acid; 3 = harpagoside. (DOCX 28 kb)

Figure S4. Overlaid chromatograms for precision (200 Îźg/mL, 100 Îźg/mL, 200 Îźg/mL for angoroside C, cinnamic acid and harpagoside, respectively). 1 = angoroside C; 2 = cinnamic acid; 3 = harpagoside. (DOCX 30 kb)

Rationale: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies have been extensively reported associated with malignancy. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), however, has rarely been connected with malignancy including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patient concerns: A 65-year-old woman was diagnosed with AML and received regular chemotherapy. After the 5th cycle chemotherapy, she achieved complete remission but developed severe muscle weakness and myalgia with dramatic increasing creatine kinase (CK). Diagnosis: The positivity of antinuclear matrix protein 2 antibody (anti-NXP2 Ab) and muscle biopsy in together confirmed the diagnosis of IMNM. Intervention: Methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin was administered. Outcomes: This treatment resulted in a dramatic clinical and laboratory improvement within 1 month. CK and lactate dehydrogenase levels dropped sharply to normal. Anti-NXP2 Ab was shown to disappear in a repeated test afterwards. Lessons: The IMNM is also closely related to malignancy. We here report a case of IMNM associated with AML for the first time. Anti-NXP2 Ab may be utilized as both diagnostic and prognostic markers of paraneoplastic IMNMs.

Single electron transistors (SETs) are known to be extremely sensitive electrometers owing to their high charge sensitivity. In this work, we report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a silicon-on-insulator-based SET scanning probe. The fabricated SET is located about 10 μm away from the probe tip. The SET with a quantum dot of about 70 nm in diameter exhibits an obvious Coulomb blockade effect measured at 4.1 K. The Coulomb blockade energy is about 18 meV, and the charge sensitivity is in the order of 10-5-10-3 e/Hz1/2. This SET scanning probe can be used to map charge distribution and sense dynamic charge fluctuation in nanodevices or circuits under test, realizing high sensitivity and high spatial resolution charge detection.

A single electron transistor based on a silicon-on-insulator is successfully fabricated with electron-beam nano-lithography, inductively coupled plasma etching, thermal oxidation and other techniques. The unique design of the pattern inversion is used, and the pattern is transferred to be negative in the electron-beam lithography step. The oxidation process is used to form the silicon oxide tunneling barriers, and to further reduce the effective size of the quantum dot. Combinations of these methods offer advantages of good size controllability and accuracy, high reproducibility, low cost, large-area contacts, allowing batch fabrication of single electron transistors and good integration with a radio-frequency tank circuit. The fabricated single electron transistor with a quantum dot about 50 nm in diameter is demonstrated to operate at temperatures up to 70 K. The charging energy of the Coulomb island is about 12.5 meV.

Li, Xiaochen, Wang, Lizhi, Liu, Ying, Su, Lina (2005): A new species and five new records of the family Echiniscidae (Tardigrada) from China. Zootaxa 1093 (1): 25-33, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1093.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1093.1.2

Pseudechiniscus papillosus sp. nov. (Fig. 3A–E, Table 1) Material examined: Holotype (Slide number MTB05080762), two paratypes (Slide number MTB05080761, MTB05080763) were collected from Mount Taibai at an altitude of 3,760 m a.s.l. (33°57.32’ N, 107°45.94’ E). The specimens are deposited at the College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, P. R. China. Diagnosis: Colour red. Cephalic appendages include internal buccal cirrus, very short and wide cephalic papilla, external buccal cirrus, cirrus A, and clava. Armor consists of single cephalic plate, scapular plate, first single median plate, first paired­plates, second single median plate, second paired­plates, third single median plate, pseudosegmental plate with two lobes on the posterior edge, and terminal plate with usual two notches; scapular plate divided transversely into an anterior part and a posterior part. All plates decorated with papilla­like projections; papilla­like projections absent on ventral side; lateral side near the base of legs also decorated with papilla­like projections, but much smaller than the ones on dorsal plates. Papilla present near the base of the fourth pair of legs. Spurs absent on all claws of each leg. Description of the holotype: Colour red. Eyespots not detected. Cephalic appendages include internal buccal cirrus, cephalic papilla very short and wide, external buccal cirrus, cirrus A, and clava. No other appendages present (Fig. 3A–B). Dorsal plates covered with papilla­like, uniformly distributed projections varying in size, diameter of 2.0– 2.6 m, height of 3.8–4.8 m (Fig. 3C). Cephalic plate faceted; armor consists of single cephalic plate, scapular plate, first single median plate, first paired­plates, second single median plate, second paired­plates, third single median plate (all median plates undivided), pseudosegmental plate subdivided along the mid­sagittal plane of the body, the pseudosegmental plate with two lobes on the posterior edge, the lobes triangle­shaped with one point directed backward, and terminal plate with the two usual notches; scapular plate transversely divided into an anterior part and posterior part; all plates decorated with many papilla­like projections varying in size (Fig. 3C), absent on ventral side. Legs normal length, a papilla (length 4.7 m) present on the external side of the fourth pair of legs near their bases. Lateral side near the base of legs covered with many papillalike projections much smaller than the ones on the dorsal plates. Claws normally curved distally, without spurs near the bases of the claws on each leg (Fig. 3D–E). Eggs unknown. Remarks: The paratypes are similar to the holotype as regards the qualitative characters. Etymology: This species is named after the papilla­like sculpture of the cuticle. Differential diagnosis: Kristensen (1987) distinguishes two groups in the genus Pseudechiniscus: the suillus or conifer group without cirri B–E, and the victor group with cirri or spines B–E. Pseudechiniscus papillosus sp. nov. belongs to the suillus / conifer group and differs from all known species of the genus Pseudechiniscus by the papilla­like projections on both dorsal plates and legs. Compared with other species of the suillus /conifer group, Pseudechiniscus papillosus sp. nov. is similar to P. spinerectus Pilato et al., 2001 in having divided scapular plate, but it differs from it in lacking ventral sculpture, in having different cuticular sculpture, in having undivided median plates, in having lobes instead of spines on the posterior edge of pseudosegmental plate, and in having no spurs on the fourth claws. This new species differs from Pseudechiniscus rammazzottii Maucci, 1952 in having different cuticular sculpture, in having undivided median plates and transversely divided scapular plate. This new species differs from P. asper Abe et al., 1998 in having different cuticular sculpture and in lacking segmental lateral plates on scapular plate and paired­plates., Published as part of Li, Xiaochen, Wang, Lizhi, Liu, Ying & Su, Lina, 2005, A new species and five new records of the family Echiniscidae (Tardigrada) from China, pp. 25-33 in Zootaxa 1093 (1) on pages 30-32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1093.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5051248, {"references":["Kristensen, R. M. (1987) Generic revision of the Echiniscidae (Heterotardigrada), with a discussion of the origin of the family. In: Bertolani, R. (ed.) Biology of Tardigrades. Selected Symposia and Monographs U. Z. I., 1, 261 - 335.","Pilato, G., Binda, M. G. & Moncada, E. (2001) Notes on South American tardigrades with the description of two new species: Pseudechiniscus spinerectus and Macrobiotus danielae. Tropical Zoology, 14, 223 - 231.","Maucci, W. (1952) Un nuova Pseudechiniscus del Carso Triestino (Tardigrada, Scutechiniscidae). Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturale e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Milano, 91, 127 - 130.","Abe, W., Utsugi, K. & Takeda, M. (1998) Pseudechiniscus asper, a new Tardigrada (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from Hokkaido, northern Japan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111 (4), 843 - 848."]}

Pseudechiniscus asper Abe, Utsugi & Takeda, 1998 (Fig. 2C) Material examined: Four specimens were collected from Mount Taibai. Description: Small in size. Dorsal plates decorated with granulation. Scapular plate and segmental paired­plates I and II each with segmental lateral plates. Two transversely expanded lobes present on the posterior edge of pseudosegmental plate. Spurs present on the middle two claws. Remarks: The specimens from Mount Taibai differ from the holotype of this species from Japan by the shape of the lobes on pseudosegmental plate. The paired­lobes on pseudosegmental plate in our specimens are remarkably expanded transversely, and the posterior edges of the lobes are quite smooth without any pointed structure. However, the lobes on the pseudosegmental plate in the specimens from Japan are roundly triangular, tipped with papillate projection. The type locality of this species is Hokkaido, Japan (Abe et al., 1998). Mount Taibai is the second locality of this species since it was described., Published as part of Li, Xiaochen, Wang, Lizhi, Liu, Ying & Su, Lina, 2005, A new species and five new records of the family Echiniscidae (Tardigrada) from China, pp. 25-33 in Zootaxa 1093 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1093.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5051248, {"references":["Abe, W., Utsugi, K. & Takeda, M. (1998) Pseudechiniscus asper, a new Tardigrada (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscidae) from Hokkaido, northern Japan. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 111 (4), 843 - 848."]}

Pseudechiniscus papillosus sp. nov. (Fig. 3A–E, Table 1) Material examined: Holotype (Slide number MTB05080762), two paratypes (Slide number MTB05080761, MTB05080763) were collected from Mount Taibai at an altitude of 3,760 m a.s.l. (33°57.32’ N, 107°45.94’ E). The specimens are deposited at the College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, P. R. China. Diagnosis: Colour red. Cephalic appendages include internal buccal cirrus, very short and wide cephalic papilla, external buccal cirrus, cirrus A, and clava. Armor consists of single cephalic plate, scapular plate, first single median plate, first paired­plates, second single median plate, second paired­plates, third single median plate, pseudosegmental plate with two lobes on the posterior edge, and terminal plate with usual two notches; scapular plate divided transversely into an anterior part and a posterior part. All plates decorated with papilla­like projections; papilla­like projections absent on ventral side; lateral side near the base of legs also decorated with papilla­like projections, but much smaller than the ones on dorsal plates. Papilla present near the base of the fourth pair of legs. Spurs absent on all claws of each leg. Description of the holotype: Colour red. Eyespots not detected. Cephalic appendages include internal buccal cirrus, cephalic papilla very short and wide, external buccal cirrus, cirrus A, and clava. No other appendages present (Fig. 3A–B). Dorsal plates covered with papilla­like, uniformly distributed projections varying in size, diameter of 2.0– 2.6 m, height of 3.8–4.8 m (Fig. 3C). Cephalic plate faceted; armor consists of single cephalic plate, scapular plate, first single median plate, first paired­plates, second single median plate, second paired­plates, third single median plate (all median plates undivided), pseudosegmental plate subdivided along the mid­sagittal plane of the body, the pseudosegmental plate with two lobes on the posterior edge, the lobes triangle­shaped with one point directed backward, and terminal plate with the two usual notches; scapular plate transversely divided into an anterior part and posterior part; all plates decorated with many papilla­like projections varying in size (Fig. 3C), absent on ventral side. Legs normal length, a papilla (length 4.7 m) present on the external side of the fourth pair of legs near their bases. Lateral side near the base of legs covered with many papillalike projections much smaller than the ones on the dorsal plates. Claws normally curved distally, without spurs near the bases of the claws on each leg (Fig. 3D–E). Eggs unknown. Remarks: The paratypes are similar to the holotype as regards the qualitative characters. Etymology: This species is named after the papilla­like sculpture of the cuticle. Differential diagnosis: Kristensen (1987) distinguishes two groups in the genus Pseudechiniscus: the suillus or conifer group without cirri B–E, and the victor group with cirri or spines B–E. Pseudechiniscus papillosus sp. nov. belongs to the suillus / conifer group and differs from all known species of the genus Pseudechiniscus by the papilla­like projections on both dorsal plates and legs. Compared with other species of the suillus /conifer group, Pseudechiniscus papillosus sp. nov. is similar to P. spinerectus Pilato et al., 2001 in having divided scapular plate, but it differs from it in lacking ventral sculpture, in having different cuticular sculpture, in having undivided median plates, in having lobes instead of spines on the posterior edge of pseudosegmental plate, and in having no spurs on the fourth claws. This new species differs from Pseudechiniscus rammazzottii Maucci, 1952 in having different cuticular sculpture, in having undivided median plates and transversely divided scapular plate. This new species differs from P. asper Abe et al., 1998 in having different cuticular sculpture and in lacking segmental lateral plates on scapular plate and paired­plates.

Echiniscus melanophthalmus Bartoš, 1936 (Fig. 1B) Material examined: Six specimens were collected from Mount Taibai. Description: Colour reddish­brown, eyespots present. Sculpture consists of closely spaced polygonal depressions. Median plate III absent; cephalic plate facetted and terminal plate with the two usual notches. Cirrus A, B, C and D, filaments C d and D d present; teeth C near cirrus C and teeth D near cirrus D present. Spurs present on the middle two claws on leg IV. Remarks: This species was observed in the Carpathians, in Romania and Istria (Ramazzotti & Maucci, 1983). It has never been reported from China before., Published as part of Li, Xiaochen, Wang, Lizhi, Liu, Ying & Su, Lina, 2005, A new species and five new records of the family Echiniscidae (Tardigrada) from China, pp. 25-33 in Zootaxa 1093 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1093.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5051248, {"references":["Bartos, E. (1936) Neue Tardigraden-Arten aus dem unterkarpatischen Russland. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 114, 45 - 48.","Ramazzotti, G. & Maucci, W. (1983) Il Phylum Tardigrada. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, Pallanza, 41, 408 - 409."]}

Echinsicus trisetosus Cuénot, 1932 (Fig. 2B) Material examined: Five specimens were collected from Mount Taibai at 3,740 m a.s.l.. Description: Eyespots present. Cuticular sculpture similar to E. melanophthalmus. The paired­plates I and II often show a smooth transverse band, lacking sculpture; median plate III present with sculpture scarce. Cephalic appendages normal; lateral appendages include cirrus C and D, dorsolateral appendages include filament C d and spine D d. Dentate collar and papilla present on leg IV. Remarks: Our specimens differ from specimens from other localities by much longer D d. This species is cited for many localities in Europe, North America, and Turkey (Ramazzotti & Maucci, 1983), however it has never been reported from China before., Published as part of Li, Xiaochen, Wang, Lizhi, Liu, Ying & Su, Lina, 2005, A new species and five new records of the family Echiniscidae (Tardigrada) from China, pp. 25-33 in Zootaxa 1093 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1093.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5051248, {"references":["Cuenot, L. (1932) Tardigrades. In: Paul Lechevalier (Ed.), Faune de France, Paris, 24, 1 - 96.","Ramazzotti, G. & Maucci, W. (1983) Il Phylum Tardigrada. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, Pallanza, 41, 408 - 409."]}

Echiniscus cheonyoungi Moon & Kim, 1994 (Fig. 1A) Material examined: Twenty specimens were collected from Mount Taibai at 3,760 m a.s.l.. Description: Body light yellow. Cuticular sculpture consists of minute, closely spaced polygons and irregular pores. Armor consists of cephalic plate, scapular plate, pairedplates I and II, undivided median I and III, divided median plate II, terminal plate with usual notches. Cephalic appendages include internal cirrus, external cirrus and cephalic papilla; lateral appendages include cirrus A, B, C, D and E; dorsal appendages include C d and D d. Papilla and dentate collar present on leg IV. Spurs absent on claws. Remarks: The type locality of this species is in South Korea. Mount Taibai is the second locality of this species since it was described (Moon & Kim, 1994). This species has never been reported from China., Published as part of Li, Xiaochen, Wang, Lizhi, Liu, Ying & Su, Lina, 2005, A new species and five new records of the family Echiniscidae (Tardigrada) from China, pp. 25-33 in Zootaxa 1093 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1093.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5051248, {"references":["Moon, S. Y. & Kim, W. (1994) New species of Echiniscus (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscoidea: Echiniscidae) from Korea. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 107 (3), 511 - 513."]}

Pseudechiniscus asper Abe, Utsugi & Takeda, 1998 (Fig. 2C) Material examined: Four specimens were collected from Mount Taibai. Description: Small in size. Dorsal plates decorated with granulation. Scapular plate and segmental paired­plates I and II each with segmental lateral plates. Two transversely expanded lobes present on the posterior edge of pseudosegmental plate. Spurs present on the middle two claws. Remarks: The specimens from Mount Taibai differ from the holotype of this species from Japan by the shape of the lobes on pseudosegmental plate. The paired­lobes on pseudosegmental plate in our specimens are remarkably expanded transversely, and the posterior edges of the lobes are quite smooth without any pointed structure. However, the lobes on the pseudosegmental plate in the specimens from Japan are roundly triangular, tipped with papillate projection. The type locality of this species is Hokkaido, Japan (Abe et al., 1998). Mount Taibai is the second locality of this species since it was described.

Echiniscus nepalensis Dastych, 1975 (Fig. 2A) Material examined: Six specimens were collected from Mount Taibai at 3,720 m a.s.l. Description: Eyespots present. Cuticular sculpture consists of many small polygonal depressions distributed irregularly, varying in size. Median plate III absent. Remarks: Our specimens are different from the specimens from the Himalayas by the second median plate transversely divided into a smooth anterior part and a posterior part decorated with the usual sculpture. The type locality of this species is the Himalayas, Nepal (Dastych, 1975). It was also collected in some localities of New Zealand (Ramazzotti & Maucci, 1983). It has never been reported from China before., Published as part of Li, Xiaochen, Wang, Lizhi, Liu, Ying & Su, Lina, 2005, A new species and five new records of the family Echiniscidae (Tardigrada) from China, pp. 25-33 in Zootaxa 1093 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1093.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5051248, {"references":["Dastych, H. (1975) Some Tardigrada from the Himalayas (Nepal), with a description of Echiniscus (E.) nepalensis n. sp. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, Pallanza, 32 (Suppl.), 61 - 68.","Ramazzotti, G. & Maucci, W. (1983) Il Phylum Tardigrada. Memorie dell'Istituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, Pallanza, 41, 408 - 409."]}

Biserovus xiae sp. nov. Fig. 1 A���C Holotype: Adult, sex unknown (slide number 04/02/002), collected on Zhaobaoshan mountain in March, 2004. The type is deposited at College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University. Paratype: None. Type locality: Zhaobaoshan mountain, Zhenhai County, Zhejiang Province, P. R. China. Etymology: This species is named after Madam Xia, who kindly sent us the material for investigation. Diagnosis: Bucco��pharygeal tube wide, subdivided into a rigid anterior portion with a ventral lamina and a posterior flexible portion with spiral thickening on the wall. Buccal aperture with ten peribuccal lamellae. Pharyngeal tube portion very short. Diploclaws formed by a fine short common tract, lunule absent. Description of the holotype: Body length 368.6 ��m, cuticle smooth without pearl��like sculpture, colorless, eyes absent; the bucco��pharyngeal tube is subdivided into a rigid anterior portion and a posterior flexible portion with spiral thickening on the wall (Fig. 1 A), total bucco��pharyngeal tube length 41.8 ��m, buccal tube length 31.3 ��m, 75.0% with respect to the total length of the bucco��pharyngeal tube, buccal tube width 4.7 ��m (pt = 15.0), stylet supports inserted on the buccal tube at 91.7 of its length (pt = 91.7), stylet furcae well��developed, pharyngeal tube (the flexible annulated portion) length 10.4 ��m, the buccal tube with ventral lamina much longer than the pharyngeal tube, mouth terminal with ten small peribuccal lamellae, dorsal buccal apophyses absent, ventral buccal apophyses unclear; pharyngeal bulb oval, pharyngeal apophyses present, macroplacoid row plus microplacoid 22.2 ��m long (pt = 70.9), three macroplacoids rod��shaped, equal length, 5.2 ��m long (pt = 16.7), microplacoid 3.7 ��m long (pt = 11.7), diploclaws on all legs similar in size and shape, small, with a common tract fine and short; main branch 7.8 ��m long (pt = 25.0) and the secondary branch 6.5 ��m long (pt = 20.2); main branch with accessory points; lunules absent (Fig. 1 BC). Eggs unknown. Remarks: The genus Biserovus was instituted for B. bindae which was originally ascribed to Pseudodiphascon (Christenberry & Higgins, 1979). The genus Pseudodiphascon was also abolished by Guidetti & Pilato (Guidetti & Pilato, 2003). The genus Biserovus contains only one species B. bindae. B. xiae sp. nov. differs from B. bindae mainly by having a shorter and wider bucco��pharyngeal tube with the buccal tube width pt = 15.0 which is much larger than the average pt = 7.1 in B. bindae based on measurements of the figures (Guidetti & Pilato, 2003; Ramazzotti and Maucci, 1983), by having the pharyngeal tube much shorter than the buccal tube with a stylet support pt = 91.7 which is larger than the average pt = 81.9 in B. bindae based on measurements of the figures (Guidetti & Pilato, 2003; Ramazzotti and Maucci, 1983), by having a longer buccal tube, 75.0% with respect to the total length of the bucco��pharyngeal tube, whereas average 54.7 % in B. bindae, especially by having a narrower and shorter common tract and much longer principal and secondary branches of the double claw, by having three macroplacoids the same in length., Published as part of Li, Xiaochen, Su, Lina & Yu, Di, 2004, Biserovus xiae sp. n. and Doryphoribius qinlingense sp. n., new species of eutardigrades from China, pp. 1-7 in Zootaxa 660 on pages 2-3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.158239, {"references":["Christenberry, D. & Higgins, R. (1979) A new species of Pseudodiphascon (Tardigrada) from Alabama. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 98, 508 - 514.","Guidetti, R. & Pilato, G. (2003) Revision of the genus Pseudodiphascon (Tardigrada, Macrobiotidae), with the erection of three new genera. Journal of Natural History, 37 (14), 1679 - 1690.","Ramazzotti, G. & Maucci, W. (1983) Il Phylum Tardigrada (3 rd ed) (Beasley, C. W., English Translation). Memorie dellIstituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 41, 1 - 1012."]}

Doryphoribius qinlingense sp. nov. (Fig. 1 D���F) Holotype: Adult, sex unknown (slide number Q04/05/004). The type is deposited at College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University. Paratype: Four adults (slide number Q04/05/001, Q04/05/002, Q04/05/003, Q04/05/ 005). Type locality: Qinling mountains, P. R. China. Etymology: This species is named after the type locality Qinling mountains. Diagnosis: Cuticle smooth; eyes present; three macroplacoids, increasing in length from first to third, microplacoid and septulum absent; two double claws same in size and shape on each leg, common basal tract well��developed, expanding at the base, principal branch strong with well��developed accessory points, secondary branch relatively longer than the one of other species with three macroplacoids of this genus. Description of the holotype: A kind of middle��sized tardigrade (Table 1); colorless; cuticle smooth; eyes present; buccopharyngeal apparatus of Doryphoribius �� type, buccal tube rigid with ventral lamina, peribuccal lamellae absent, buccal armature simple, pharyngeal apophyses present, three macroplacoids short rod��shaped, increasing in length from first to third, microplacoid and septulum absent (Fig. 1 D); claws of Isohypsibius �� type (Fig. 1 E���F), two double claws same in size and shape on each leg, common basal tract well��developed, expanding at the base, principal branch strong with well��developed accessory points, secondary branch relatively longer than the one of other species with three macroplacoids of this genus, lunules and other cuticular thickenings absent on the legs; eggs unknown. . .....continued on the next page * Mn = minimum, Mx = maximum, SD = standard deviation; pt is the percent ratio between the length of a structure and the length of buccal tube (Pilato, 1981). There was variation in length of the macroplacoids. In all paratypes, the first macroplacoid and the third macroplacoid are almost equal in length, and longer than the second one. Remarks: There are six species with three macroplacoids in the genus Doryphoribius. Doryphoribius qinlingense sp. nov. differs from all the six known species with three macroplacoids of this genus by having relatively longer secondary branch, average 68.5 % with respect to the length of the primary branch, differs from Dor. zappalai Pilato, 1971 by having no lunules; differs from Dor. mariae Pilato & Binda, 1990 in having no dorsal undulations, gibbosities, and a polygonal (non reticular) sculpture; differs from Dor. bertolanii Beasley & Pilato, 1987 in longer claws, secondary branch of the claws relatively longer and not strongly curved, and in lacking dorsal tooth in the buccal armature; differs from Dor. gibber Beasley & Pilato, 1987 in smooth cuticle; differs from Dor. korganovae Biserov, 1994 in smooth cuticle and longer secondary branch of the claws; differs from Dor. turkmenicus Biserov, 1999 by having longer and well��developed secondary branch and basal tract, and by having no particularity in the buccal armature., Published as part of Li, Xiaochen, Su, Lina & Yu, Di, 2004, Biserovus xiae sp. n. and Doryphoribius qinlingense sp. n., new species of eutardigrades from China, pp. 1-7 in Zootaxa 660 on pages 4-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.158239, {"references":["Pilato, G. (1981) Analisi di nuovi caratteri nello studio degli Eutardigradi. Animalia, 8, 51 - 57.","Pilato, G. (1971) Su una nuova specie di Doryphoribius (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) e considerazioni sulla posizione filogenetica del genere. Bolletino di Zoologia, 38, 145 - 149.","Pilato, G. & Binda, M. G. (1990) Notizie sui Tardigardi muscicoli di Bali (Indonesia). Animalia, 17, 209 - 218.","Beasley, C. W. & Pilato, G. (1987) Two new species of Doryphoribius (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) from North America. Animalia, 14 (1 / 3), 99 - 105.","Biserov, V. I. (1994) Some tardigrades from the Seychelles with descriptions of three new species. Tropical Zoology, 7, 181 - 189.","Biserov, V. I. (1999) Tardigrada of Turkmenistan, with description of three new species. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 238, 157 - 167."]}