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1. Pooling birth cohorts in allergy and asthma: European union-funded initiatives-a MeDALL, CHICOS, ENRIECO, and GALEN joint paper: CHICOS study group ENRIECO study group GA2LEN study group

Author

Bousquet, Jean, Anto, Josep, Sunyer, Jordi, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Vrijheid, Martine, Keil, Thomas, Akdis, M., Auffray, C., Postma, D. S., Valenta, R., Haahtela, T., Cambon-Thomsen, A., Lambrecht, B. N., Akdis, C. A., Annesi-Maesano, I., Arno, A., Bachert, C., Ballester, F., Basagana, X., Baumgartner, U., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Brunekreef, B., Chatzi, L., Eller, E., Forastiere, F., Garcia-Aymerich, J., Guerra, S., Gehring, U., Hammad, H., Heinrich, J., Hohmann, C., Kauffmann, F., Kerkhof, M., Kogevinas, M., Koppelman, G. H., Kowalski, M. L., Kull, I., Lau, S., Lodrup-Carlsen, K. C., Lupinek, C., Maier, D., Makela, M. J., Martinez, F. D., Momas, I., Nawijn, M. C., Neubauer, A., Oddie, S., Palkonen, S., Reitamo, S., Rial-Sebbag, E., Salapatas, M., Siroux, V., Smagghe, D., Smit, H. A., Torrent, M., Toskala, E., van Oosterhout, A. J. M., Varaso, R., von Hertzen, L., Wickman, M., Wijmenga, C., Zuberbier, T., Burney, P. G., Van Cauwenberge, P., Bonini, S., Fokkens, W. J., Kramer, U., Mullol, J., Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, E., Papadopoulos, N., Alm, B., Alm, J., Arshad, S. H., Bravi, F., Canonica, G. W., Custovic, A., Dubakiene, R., Fantini, M. P., Gjomarkaj, M., Halken, S., Host, A., Howarth, P., Kuehni, C., Lotvall, J., Mommers, M., Porta, D., Radon, K., Ring, J., Roberts, G., Schünemann, H. J., Simpson, A., Szczecklik, A., Thijs, C., Todo-Bom, A., Valovirta, E., van Steen, K., Von Berg, A., von Mutius, E., Wahn, U., Wennergren, G., Wijga, A. H., Zock, J. P., Duijts, L., Jaddoe, V., Lawlor, D., Lucas, P., Magnus, P., Merletti, F., Nybo Andersen, A. M., Raat, H., Stoltenberg, C., Casas, M., Bergström, A., Carmichael, A., Chen, C. -M., Cordier, S., Eggesbø, M., Fernández, M. F., Fernández-Somoano, A., Grazuleviciene, R., Karvonen, A. M., Koppen, G., Krämer, U., Kuehni, C. E., Majewska, R., Patelarou, E., Skaalum Petersen, M., Pierik, F. H., Polanska, K., Richiardi, L., Santos, A. C., Slama, R., Sram, R. J., Tischer, C., Toft, G., Trnovec, T., Vandentorren, S., Vardavas, C., Vrijkotte, T. G. M., Wilhelm, M., Bousquet, Jean, Anto, Josep, Sunyer, Jordi, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Vrijheid, Martine, Keil, Thoma, Akdis, M., Auffray, C., Postma, D.S., Valenta, R., Haahtela, T., Cambon-Thomsen, A., Lambrecht, B.N., Akdis, C.A., Annesi-Maesano, I., Arno, A., Bachert, C., Ballester, F., Basagana, X., Baumgartner, U., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Brunekreef, B., Chatzi, L., Eller, E., Forastiere, F., Garcia-Aymerich, J., Guerra, S., Gehring, U., Hammad, H., Heinrich, J., Hohmann, C., Kauffmann, F., Kerkhof, M., Kogevinas, M., Koppelman, G.H., Kowalski, M.L., Kull, I., Lau, S., Lodrup-Carlsen, K.C., Lupinek, C., Maier, D., Makela, M.J., Martinez, F.D., Momas, I., Nawijn, M.C., Neubauer, A., Oddie, S., Palkonen, S., Reitamo, S., Rial-Sebbag, E., Salapatas, M., Siroux, V., Smagghe, D., Smit, H.A., Torrent, M., Toskala, E., van Oosterhout, A.J.M., Varaso, R., von Hertzen, L., Wickman, M., Wijmenga, C., Zuberbier, T., Burney, P.G., Van Cauwenberge, P., Bonini, S., Fokkens, W.J., Kramer, U., Mullol, J., Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, E., Papadopoulos, N., Alm, B., Alm, J., Arshad, S.H., Bravi, F., Canonica, G.W., Custovic, A., Dubakiene, R., Fantini, M.P., Gjomarkaj, M., Halken, S., Host, A., Howarth, P., Kuehni, C., Lotvall, J., Mommers, M., Porta, D., Radon, K., Ring, J., Roberts, G., Schünemann, H.J., Simpson, A., Szczecklik, A., Thijs, C., Todo-Bom, A., Valovirta, E., van Steen, K., Von Berg, A., von Mutius, E., Wahn, U., Wennergren, G., Wijga, A.H., Zock, J.P., Duijts, L., Jaddoe, V., Lawlor, D., Lucas, P., Magnus, P., Merletti, F., Nybo Andersen, A.M., Raat, H., Stoltenberg, C., Casas, M., Bergström, A., Carmichael, A., Chen, C.-M., Cordier, S., Eggesbø, M., Fernández, M.F., Fernández-Somoano, A., Grazuleviciene, R., Karvonen, A.M., Koppen, G., Krämer, U., Kuehni, C.E., Majewska, R., Patelarou, E., Skaalum Petersen, M., Pierik, F.H., Polanska, K., Richiardi, L., Santos, A.C., Slama, R., Sram, R.J., Tischer, C., Toft, G., Trnovec, T., Vandentorren, S., Vardavas, C., Vrijkotte, T.G.M., and Wilhelm, M.

Subjects
Allergy, Risk Factor, Immunology, CHICOS, Longitudinal Studie, Environmental Exposure, Asthma, Europe, MeDALL, ENRIECO, Hypersensitivity, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Immunology and Allergy, European Union, Cohort Studie, Birth cohort, Human
Abstract

Long-term birth cohort studies are essential to understanding the life course and childhood predictors of allergy and the complex interplay between genes and the environment (including lifestyle and socioeconomic determinants). Over 100 cohorts focusing on asthma and allergy have been initiated in the world over the past 30 years. Since 2004, several research initiatives funded under the EU Framework Program for Research and Technological Development FP6-FP7 have attempted to identify, compare, and evaluate pooling data from existing European birth cohorts (GA2LEN: Global Allergy and European Network, FP6; ENRIECO: Environmental Health Risks in European Birth Cohorts, FP7; CHICOS: Developing a Child Cohort Research Strategy for Europe, FP7; MeDALL: Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy, FP7). However, there is a general lack of knowledge about these initiatives and their potentials. The aim of this paper is to review current and past EU-funded projects in order to make a summary of their goals and achievements and to suggest future research needs of these European birth cohort networks. © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Published
2013

2. Early growth and the risk of childhood asthma: A meta-analysis of 147,000 European children

Author

Sonnenschein-Van Voort, A. M. M., Arends, L. R., Jongste, J. C., Annesi-Maesano, I., Barros, H., Basterrechea, M., Bisgaard, H., Chatzi, L., Corpeleijn, E., Correia, S., Craig, L. C., Devereux, G., Di Oregon, V., Cristian Dogaru, Dostal, M., Duchen, K., Eggesbo, M., Ent, C. K., Fantini, M. P., Forastiere, F., Frey, U., Gehring, U., Gugten, A. C., Hanke, W., Henderson, A. J., Heude, B., Iniguez, C., Inskip, H. M., Keil, T., Kelleher, C. C., Kogevinas, M., Kreiner-Moller, E., Kuehni, C. E., Kupers, L. K., Lancz, K., Larsen, P. S., Lau, S., Ludvigsson, J., Mommers, M., Andersen, A. M. N., Palkovicova, L., Pike, K. C., Pizzi, C., Polanska, K., Porta, D., Richiardi, L., Roberts, G., Schmidt, A., Sram, R. J., Sunyer, J., Thijs, C., Torrent, M., Viljoen, K., Wijga, A. H., Vrijheid, M., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Duijts, L., A.M.M. Sonnenschein-van der Voort, L.R. Arend, J.C. de Jongste, I. Annesi-Maesano, H. Barro, M. Basterrechea, H. Bisgaard, L. Chatzi, E. Corpeleijn, S. Correia, L.C. Craig, G. Devereux, V. Di Gregori, C.M. Dogaru, M. Dostal, K. Duchen, M. Eggesbo, C.K. van der Ent, M.P. Fantini, F. Forastiere, U. Frey, U. Gehring, A.C. van der Gugten, W. Hanke, A.J. Henderson, B. Heude, C. Iñiguez, H.M. Inskip, T. Keil, C.C. Kelleher, M. Kogevina, E. Kreiner-Moller, C.E. Kuehni, L.K. Küper, K. Lancz, P.S. Larsen, S. Lau, J. Ludvigsson, M. Mommer, A.M. Nybo Andersen, L. Palkovicova, K.C. Pike, C. Pizzi, K. Polanska, D. Porta, L. Richiardi, G. Robert, A. Schmidt, R.J. Sram, J. Sunyer, C. Thij, M. Torrent, K. Viljoen, A.H. Wijga, M. Vrijheid, and V.W.V. Jaddoe and L. Duijts

Subjects
LONGITUDINAL STUDY, CHILDREN, asthma
Abstract

Background. Low birth weight, preterm birth and rapid infant growth seem to be associated with increased risks of childhood asthma. We examined the association of birth and infant growth characteristics with the risks of preschool wheezing and school age asthma using data from 147,252 subjects of 31 European cohort studies. Methods. Studies were eligible if they included children from 1989 onwards, had information on at least gestational age and weight at birth, and preschool wheezing (1-4 years) or school-age asthma (5-10 years). Adjusted pooled odds ratios (OR) from random effect models were calculated, and ORs from individual participant data were used to assess the combined effect of birth weight and gestational age. Results. Compared with term birth, preterm birth (< 37 weeks) was positively associated with increased risks of preschool wheezing and school-age asthma, independent of birth weight (OR 1.34 (1.25, 1.43) and 1.40 (1.18, 1.67)). Birth weight was not associated with preschool wheezing and school-age asthma after adjustment for gestational age at birth. Infant weight gain was positively associated with preschool wheezing and school-age asthma (OR 1.83 (1.61, 2.08) and 1.62 (1.22, 2.14) per 500 gram weight gain per month). We observed the strongest effects on preschool wheezing and school-age asthma for children born preterm with a high birth weight for gestational age, compared with term born children with an appropriate birth weight for gestational age (OR 2.40 (1.53, 3.75) and 2.77 (1.56, 4.95)). Conclusions. Preterm birth and higher infant weight gain, but not low birth weight, are associated with increased risks of wheezing and asthma in childhood.

Published
2013

3. Genomic analysis suggests higher susceptibility of children to air pollution

Author

Leeuwen, D. M., Marie Pedersen, Hendriksen, P. J. M., Boorsma, A., Herwijnen, M. H. M., Gottschalk, R. W. H., Kirsch-Volders, M., Lisbeth E. Knudsen, Sram, R. J., Bajak, E., Delft, J. H. M., Kleinjans, J. C. S., and TNO Kwaliteit van Leven

Subjects
Adult, Male, Parents, RNA Splicing, air pollution, data analysis, environmental exposure, environmental health, Physiological Sciences, cancer risk, immune response, Nuclear Family, blood analysis, gene expression profiling, genomics, micronucleus, Humans, controlled study, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, human, Child, Czech Republic, nucleosome, article, cancer susceptibility, parent, female, priority journal, Gene Expression Regulation, Health, child health, gene expression, RNA, Receptors, Chemokine, transcriptome
Abstract

Differences in biological responses to exposure to hazardous airborne substances between children and adults have been reported, suggesting children to be more susceptible. Aim of this study was to improve our understanding of differences in susceptibility in cancer risk associated with air pollution by comparing genome-wide gene expression profiles in peripheral blood of children and their parents. Gene expression analysis was performed in blood from children and parents living in two different regions in the Czech Republic with different levels of air pollution. Data were analyzed by two different approaches: one method first selected significantly differentially expressed genes and analyzed these gene lists for overrepresented biological processes, whereas the other applied the T-profiler tool to directly perform pathway analyses on the total gene set without preselection of significantly modulated gene expressions. In addition, gene expressions in both children and adults were investigated for associations with micronuclei frequencies. Both analysis approaches returned considerably more genes or gene groups and pathways that significantly differed between children from both regions than between parents. Very little overlap was observed between children and adults. The two most important biological processes or molecular functions significantly modulated in children, but not in adults, are nucleosome and immune response related. Our study suggests differences between children and adults in relation to air pollution exposure at the transcriptome level. The findings underline the necessity of implementing environmental health policy measures specifically for protecting children's health. © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.

Published
2008

5. HVRII of mtDNA in cord blood cells of newborn children and in their saliva 10 years later

Author

Schmuczerova, J., Torokova, P., Kujanova, M., Cechova, H., Jan Topinka, Dostal, M., Sram, R. J., and Brdicka, R.

Subjects
Male, Polymorphism, Genetic, Air Pollution, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Female, Child, Fetal Blood, Saliva, DNA, Mitochondrial, Czech Republic, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Comparison of hypervariable region II nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA obtained from cord blood cells and saliva cells of the same individual at birth and after ten years revealed a few differences at the so-called mutation hot spots (three transitions and three indels within the C-tract). The personal identity of samples was proved by short tandem repeat profiling. Comparison of individuals living in two regions that differ by air pollution, however, did not reveal statistically significantly increased number of mutations in the population from the region of poorer environmental conditions, although indicating such tendency.

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