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Cross-sectional analyses of circular and square reinforced concrete (RC) columns strengthened with reactive powder concrete jacketing and fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) wrapping were undertaken. The stress block method was used to determine theoretical axial load–bending moment (AL–BM) interactions of the columns. These were then compared with experimental results and found to be in very good agreement. A parametric study was also undertaken to investigate the most important factors that influence the AL–BM capacity of circular and square strengthened columns. Finally, a group of theoretical AL–BM interactions for circular and square strengthened columns was produced. These can be used in a wide range of applications for strengthening RC columns with high-performance concrete jackets and FRP wraps.

Concrete-filled double-skin tubular beams consist of two tubes, placed eccentrically or concentrically, with the hollow space between the two tubes filled with concrete. This type of construction can thus combine the properties of steel and concrete to provide the advantage of increased strength, ductility, stiffness and economy of the section. This paper reports on a study into the flexural properties of beams made of square hollow section steel for the both inner and outer tube, connected with steel strips. In total, 12 specimens were tested under monotonic and cyclic loading. The effects of the concrete infill, the eccentricity of the inner tube, the provision of minimum steel reinforcement and slip control due to the attachment of steel strips at the end of the beams were studied. Beams with an eccentric inner tube showed better flexural response and were also more economical due to the reduced concrete volume; their load-carrying capacity under cyclic loading was less than that under monotonic loading. Compared with beams without longitudinal reinforcement, the beams with longitudinal reinforcement showed improved flexural strength when subjected to cyclic loading.

This paper reports the test results for eight high-strength concrete square pile caps. The main variables are the area of flexural steel bars and the configuration patterns of flexural steel bars. The test results show that the ultimate load on the pile cap increases as the total area of the flexural steel bars increases. The load–displacement curves are not significantly affected by an increase in the total area of the flexural steel bars. For a specific area of flexural steel bar, the ultimate load on the pile caps in a bunched square reinforcement pattern is no greater than that for pile caps in a grid reinforcement pattern. Pile caps in a bunched square reinforcement pattern exhibit no significant mechanical advantage over pile caps in a grid reinforcement pattern. Square pile caps in a grid reinforcement pattern perform better because this pattern is more conducive to concrete casting than a bunched square reinforcement pattern. The softened strut-and-tie model more accurately predicts the ultimate load for pile caps than the ACI sectional method for various shear span-to-depth ratios and compressive strengths of concrete. The ACI sectional method overestimates the flexural strength of the square pile cap.

The objective of this study was to improve students’ skill in writing descriptive text utilizing Four Square Writing Method (FSWM). Thirty students of Junior High School participated in this classroom action research which took place in two cycles. Two sorts of instruments were used in this study; observation sheet and writing test. While the first was utilized to obtain the data on students’ responses and behavior, the latter was to achieve the data on students’ writing improvement. The implementation of the method in the first cycle was able to increase students’ mean score from 48.82 to 66.05. In the second cycle, more than 70% of the students successfully reached the score greater or equal to 72.95. This shows that the FSWM is one of alternative techniques in teaching descriptive text.

In this study a series of shaking table tests were carried out to investigate the effect of tunnel model depth and direction of ground acceleration on the horizontal acceleration of tunnel model and soil beside it, ground surface settlement, and the dynamic earth pressure on the tunnel wall. Square tunnel model embedded in both dry and saturated soil (Karbala Sand). It subjected to three input sinusoidal motions 0.05g, 0.1g, and 0.2g. Two relative densities used, 30% for the upper layer and 70% for the lower layer. The results obtained indicate that the direction of seismic loading has significant effect on the horizontal acceleration of tunnel model. The increase of tunnel model depth lead to decrease the horizontal acceleration of tunnel model. While, the settlement of soil surface increases with an increase of tunnel model depth and ground acceleration especially at 0.2g earthquake loading. The change of direction of seismic loading leads to a small change in the settlement for dry soil. The results appear that dynamic earth pressure (DEP) was positive in dry soil and negative in saturated soil in all test. In saturated soil, the effect of direction of ground acceleration and depth of tunnel model on DEP in 0.2g is quite little.

The use of micro components is increasing day by day in the industries such as aviation, power circuit boards, inkjet nozzle, and biomedical. Among various non-traditional micromachining methods, electrochemical micromachining (EMM) shows unique characteristics, such as no tool wear, no residual stress, and high accuracy. In this research, EMM is considered to study the effect of square-shaped stainless steel (SS) and aluminum metal matrix composite (AMC) tools on square hole generation. The significant process parameters, such as machining voltage, duty cycle, and aqueous sodium nitrate (NaNO3) electrolyte of varying concentrations, are considered for the study. The performances of the EMM process are evaluated in terms of machining rate (MR) and Overcut (OC). The AMC tool shows 43.22% lesser OC than the SS tool at the parameter combinations of 8 V, 85%, and 23 g/L. Also, the same parameter combination MR for the SS tool is 71.6% higher than the AMC tool. Field emission scanning electron microscope image (FESEM) analysis shows that the micro square hole generated using composite electrode shows micro-pits on the circumference of the square hole. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis is conducted to verify the presence and distributions of reinforcement in the AMC tool.

Headed bars (HB) with different head shapes (Square, Circular, and Rectangular) and bar diameters (db: 16, 20, and 25 mm) embedded in steel fiber reinforced concrete have been subjected to pull-out test. The influence of head shapes, concrete compressive strength (M20 and M40), db, and steel fibers (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5%) on the anchorage capacity of HB have been evaluated. Numerical model for improving the anchorage capacity of HB has also been proposed. Results have revealed that the anchorage capacity of HB increases with the increase in concrete compressive strength, db, and steel fibers, which have been validated by nonlinear regression analysis using dummy variables. Two failure modes namely, steel and concrete-blowout have been observed and the prevailing mode of failure is steel failure. Based on load–deflection curves and derived descriptive equations, it is observed that the circular HB has displayed the highest peak load.

Let $ N $ be a sufficiently large integer. In this paper, it is proved that, with at most $ O\big(N^{4/9+\varepsilon}\big) $ exceptions, all even positive integers up to $ N $ can be represented in the form $ p_1^2+p_2^3+p_3^3+p_4^3+p_5^3+p_6^3 $, where $ p_1, p_2, p_3, p_4, p_5, p_6 $ are prime numbers.

Kentsel açık alanlar kentlerin kimliğini oluşturan önemli bileşenlerdendir. Meydan biçiminde ortaya çıkan ilk kentsel açık mekânlar, kentlerin kültürünü yansıtmakta ve kentlerin özelliklerine göre farklı nitelikleri barındırmaktadır. Meydanların niteliklerini etkileyen kentsel tasarım ögeleri ile beraber o mekânı kullanan kullanıcıların o mekanda hissettikleri ile bütünleşmektedir. Mekânın niteliklerinin artırılması mekansal davranışsal performansı da artırabilecek ve aynı zamanda o mekanın benimsenerek mekana olumlu değerler yüklenmesine katkı sağlayabilecektir. Çalışma; Bursa kent merkezinde yoğun kullanıma sahip Orhangazi Meydanı’nın mekânsal performansını belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Mekânın davranışsal performansını belirlemek için 43 ölçüt belirlenmiştir. Ağırlıklandırılmış ölçütler yöntemiyle meydanın mekânsal performans puanı 393,70 (% 85,43) hesaplanmıştır.

The Tribonacci-Lucas sequence {Sn}{Sn} is defined by the recurrence relation Sn+3=Sn+2+Sn+1+SnSn+3=Sn+2+Sn+1+Sn with S0=3, S1=1, S2=3.S0=3, S1=1, S2=3. In this note, we show that 11 is the only perfect square in Tribonacci-Lucas sequence for n≢1(mod32)n≢1(mod32) and n≢17(mod96).n≢17(mod96).

Ferro-geopolymer is an upcoming building material that replaces the need for cement in construction practices and thereby reducing its carbon footprint. It is a composite consisting of geopolymer mortar matrix and wire meshes as reinforcement. The present study pioneers in the research of a prototype trapezoidal ferro-geopolymer roofing element under flexure. A total of nine specimens were cast, steam cured and subjected to third point loading. Three different spans of 2.5 m, 3.0 m and 3.4 m, and three different mesh types, (i) square welded mesh, (ii) square woven wire mesh, and (iii) hexagonal wire mesh, were the parameters considered for the study. Specimens reinforced with square welded wire mesh exhibited higher flexural strength compared with others, consequent to the additional strength imparted through the rigidity of welded connections. Maximum reduction in flexural strength of 20% and 32%, for specimens reinforced with square woven wire mesh and combination of hexagonal and square welded mesh, with respect to square welded wire mesh was observed for 3.0 m span beam elements. In addition, two analytical methods have been proposed to determine the ultimate flexural strength of ferro-geopolymer specimen and both methods were found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. The coefficient of variation of the predicted value of ultimate strength from the experimental value was obtained to be 9% for Method-I and 6% for Method-II.

The article examines Gorky’s avant-garde legacy. The author compares thewriter’s metaphors with the imagery of futurists and discovers aSuprematist flavour of descriptions in Gorky’s works. Examined in detail is the use of defamiliarisation ( ostranenie). In Gorky’s earlier works, its effect is diminished by the author’s comments on the technique. In the novel The Life of Klim Samgin [ Zhizn Klima Samgina], defamiliarisation features at its most accomplished level and becomes the organising principle of the narration. Theparticular relevance of defamiliarisation follows from Gorky’s natural tendency towards allegory. Defamiliarisation is analysed as a special case ofallegory (termed ‘a negative allegory’ by D. Chizhevsky). Gorky’s differences with the avant-garde movement were spiritual as much as artistic: a negative meaning of the ‘black square’ in his works proves it. The article shows how the image, unrelated to the famous painting but representing the philosophy favoured by Malevich, can be found in the collections Through Russia [Po Rusi] and Tales of Italy [ Skazki ob Italii], the autobiographic installment In the World [V lyudyakh], and in The Life of Klim Samgin.

Objectives. To carry out mathematical simulations of changes in time of tornado compositions in channels with projections of semicircular, triangular, square profiles for average Reynolds criteria based on multiblock computing technology with the solution of finite- volume factorized methods of the Reynolds equation and energy equations.Method. The calculations were carried out on the basis of theoretical approaches based on the solution of Reynolds equations by finite-volume factorized methods, which were closed using the simulation of Menter stresses, and the energy of a structured grid.Result. The calculations of time-dependent flow and heat transfer parameters carried out in the article showed that the excess dissipation of turbulence generation for projections of sharp profiles - square profile, triangular profile - and rounded profiles - semicircular profile, segment profile - is provided with radically different hydraulic losses: channels with protrusions of rounded profiles, for example, semicircular, have much lower hydraulic resistance coefficients than channels with protrusions with sharp profiles, for example, triangular or square, rectangular.Conclusion. In the article, mathematical simulations of time-dependent tornado compositions were performed in channels with transversal profiles in the form of a square, triangle and semicircle, which is as informative as possible in terms of studying turbulent flows and heat transfer arising under average Reynolds criteria based on computer multiblock technology when using solutions of finite-volume factorized methods (FCOM-am) Reynolds equations and energy equations. The following protrusions were considered in the article: square transversal profiles, in which tornadoes are most pronounced, and side tornadoes affect the flow in the maximum way; triangular transversal profiles, where tornadoes are not so strong, and side tornadoes affect the main flow weaker than with square protrusions; semicircular transversal profiles, in which the incoming main tornado moves along the stream with the generation of limited side tornadoes. The calculated information obtained in the article correlates to a high degree with the available experimental data, which indicates the verification of the mathematical modeling involved in the article.

Farmstead planning of Mokhnach П settlement during the time of existence of the Saltiv cultural historical community within the second half of the 8th — mid-9th centuries is analyzed in the paper. The settlement was included into the residential agglomeration (microregion) with the center in Mokhnach hillfort. Some categories of household living buildings and ways of their location in relation to this or other dwelling are distinguished within the bounds of the largest excavation site 1. Generally, 36 Saltiv sites were identified on the mentioned area; among them there are 4 dwellings, 4 slightly deepened household buildings, 3 summer kitchens, 4 constructions for harvest storage (1 vault, 2 cellars and 1 box room) and 21 household pits (two of them were used to prepare clay for ceramics production). The planography analysis of the present complexes of the excavation site 1 allows to admit that in the south eastern part of the settlement there were 4 farmsteads that belonged to separate families which did their own housekeeping. The usable area was not large (12—18 m2). It points to the fact that a so-called «small family» consisting of 4—6 persons owned a certain household. Borderlines of these farmsteads do not overlap one another — it shows that they coexisted together at the same time. There is enough space for passage of people or transport vehicles between the farmsteads. Structure of household buildings is generally similar. The dwelling was accompanied by a slightly deepened household building, a summer kitchen, a construction for harvest storage, and a certain amount of household pits. At the same time, some differences are also can be observed. In two cases (farmstead 2, 4), a small household pit located very close to a household building has been discovered. In the farmsted 3 no summer kitchen was identified, and in the farmstead 1 no construction for harvest storage was found as well. In three other cases (farmsteads 2—4), buildings for harvest storage differed between one another by a form, construction and storage capacity. In the each farmstead the amount of household pits that could coexist at the same time did not exceed 5 units. Thus, it can be noticed that the square of the identified farmsteads, the characteristics of the household buildings, amount of supportive household pits and their location point to the quite convenient organization of the living space and the opportunity to do housekeeping successfully.

The paper introduces into scientific circulation the results of research of the objects of Early Slavs of the Prague-Korchak culture in a multi-layered settlement in the southern part of Rivne city. The settlement is located on the eastern shore of the Basiv Kut Reservoir, on the oval hill measuring 220 Ч 120 m. The first finds of the Early Middle Ages were discovered here by V. K. Piasetskyi in 1989. In 2019, the excavations were carried out on the area of 590 m2; the housing and storage pit of the Prague-Korchak culture have been discovered. The quadrangular foundation pit of 3.5 Ч 3.5 m square was sunk into the earth to the 0.3—0.4 m from detection level. The remains of stone stove made on the wooden frame were located in the northern corner of the dwelling. Such semi-dugout dwellings with the stove in one of corners was the main type of residential buildings in the population of the Prague-Korchak culture. The pillar holes found in the corners of the foundation pit and in the middle of the walls indicate the frame-pillar construction of the wooden walls. Among the stones from the destroyed stove and on the earthen floor in the central part of the foundation pit of the dwelling the remains of nine clay pots were found. We managed to reconstruct the full profiles of seven of them; two else vessels are represented by the profiles of the upper parts. The pots from the dwelling have a conical body, weakly marked shoulder, scarcely marked neck and short rim. The surface of the item is insufficiently smoothed and bumpy. The admixtures in the clay are mostly of small and medium size, with added fireclay, grus and sand. By their size the vessels are divided into small (1), medium (5) and large (3). All pots from the dwelling belong to variants 1—3 of the first type according to I. P. Rusanova’s classification. This combination is typical of the early monuments of the Prague-Korchak culture. The analysis allows attributing the ceramic complex from Rivne to phaze 1 according to I. O. Havritukhin and to date it as belonging to the second half of 5th — mid-6th centuries. The settlement was not large; two or three farmsteads could simultaneously exist there. They were located at a distance of 100—150 m from each other.

Perceptual organisation is hypothesised as a key in the perception and appreciation of abstract art. Here, we investigated how relational and compositional features affected the perception and aesthetic appreciation of Black Square and Red Square by Kazimir Malevich (1915). We studied how (i) the presence and obliquity of the red square and (ii) the relative configuration of the black and red square affected the detectability of the obliquity of the black square in this artwork. Results showed that the simultaneous presence and obliquity of the red square masked the obliquity of the original black square. The likelihood of the black square being incorrectly perceived as an exact square was always maximum in the original configuration and even slight alterations in the original configuration of the work resulted in the obliquity of the black square to be noticed. The original artwork was more aesthetically preferred compared to its alternatives. We argue that the artist may have intentionally set the configuration to mask the obliquity of the black square and maximise the aesthetic preference.

In this paper, an antenna with 8 GHz (7–15 GHz) bandwidth is designed, simulated, fabricated, and measured. Commonly, for the effective use of electromagnetic sources, mode converters are used to transform donut-shaped patterns to directive patterns. This paper introduces a novel antenna called the pattern director antenna (PDA) that solves most problems associated with the azimuthally symmetric output modes of high-power microwave sources. The PDA accepts directly (without the need for mode conversion) an azimuthally symmetric generated mode of an electromagnetic source and converts it to radiate a directive pattern. For the proof of concept and validation of the design by simulations, the 3D printing technology [using polylactic acid (PLA)] is used to fabricate the PDA and measure its radiation patterns and return loss. The selected material is cheap and also environmentally friendly. The antenna was coated with aluminum to become a conductor. The gain is from 16.8 to 21.8 dB in the frequency range. The S11, main lobe deviation (MLD), and sidelobe level (SLL) are less than −15 dB, 2°, and −7 dB, in all frequency range, respectively. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measurement.

The Lushanmao site, which was excavated from 2016 to 2018, is located in Yan'an City, Shaanxi Province, China. The core area of the ruins is about 2 million square meters, and its total area is more than 2,100 m2s. Its walls and grounds are all covered with a 3-mm thick, white lime coating. We used XRD, IR, and organic additive detection methods (chemical methods and ELISA) to detect white lime samples from the Lushanmao site. Experimental results show that as early as 4300 years ago (about 2300 BCE), local residents had already started adding protein substances to make white lime coatings. This is the earliest organic-inorganic composite building mortar discovered in China so far.

El bertsolarismo sincretiza aspectos tan divergentes entre sí como la literatura oral, la plaza, la lengua y el humor y surge con los y las bertsolaris. Pero al igual que sucede en muchas situaciones análogas culturales, las mujeres bertsolaris han sido omitidas en su historia. No obstante, en las últimas décadas, las bertsolaris han aparecido en la escena pública. En la actualidad la mitad del alumnado de las bertso-eskolas, donde se forman los bertsolaris, son mujeres. Este artículo versa sobre la improvisación y el género en general y sobre las bertso-eskolas y las bertsolaris en particular. Para ello, se pasó un cuestionario a las 200 bertsolaris actuales y se realizaron 10 entrevistas en profundidad y 5 grupos de discusión con 20 bertsolaris y profesionales para profundizar en los resultados del cuestionario y analizar cómo se formaron en la improvisación y cómo forman ellas actualmente. Concluyeron que ellas rechazan fomentar la competitividad y desarrollan metodologías coeducativas con estrategias más lúdicas, cooperativas, horizontales y participativas en las bertsoeskolas. Bertsolarism, a practice which is conducted by bertsolaris, syncretizes aspects as divergent from one another as oral literature, square towns, language, and humour. In line with other cultural situations, female bertsolaris have been omitted from their own history. However, in recent decades, female bertsolaris have started gaining momentum in the public scene. Currently, half of the students of verse-schools, where bertsolaris are formed, are women. This article taps into improvisation and gender in general and about verse-schools and female bertsolaris in particular. To do so, 200 contemporary bertsolaris were surveyed through a questionnaire. Besides, 10 in-depth interviews and 5 discussion groups were conducted with 20 bertsolaris and professionals to extend the results of the questionnaires and analyze how bertsolaris were trained in improvisation in the past and how these bertsolaris are currently training future generations. The results show that these verse-schools reject competitiveness, promoting, instead, coeducational methodologies with more playful, cooperative, horizontal and participatory strategies. Le bertsolarisme syncrétise des aspects aussi divergents que la littérature orale, la place, la langue et l’humour et émerge avec le bertsolaris. Cependant, comme dans de nombreuses situations culturelles similaires, les femmes bertsularis ont été omises de son histoire. Cependant, au cours des dernières décennies, des bertsularis femelles sont apparus sur la scène publique. Actuellement, la moitié des étudiants des bertso-eskolas, où sont formés les bertsolaris, sont des femmes. Cet article traite de l’improvisation et du genre en général et des bertso-eskolas et bertsolaris en particulier. Pour ce faire, un questionnaire a été envoyé aux 200 bertsolaris actuels et 10 entretiens approfondis et 5 groupes de discussion ont été menés avec 20 bertsolaris et professionnels pour étudier en profondeur les résultats du questionnaire et analyser comment ils se sont formés à l’improvisation et comment ils s’entraînent actuellement. Ils ont conclu qu’ils refusent d’encourager la compétitivité et de développer des méthodologies de coéducation avec des stratégies plus ludiques, coopératives, horizontales et participatives dans les bertsoécoles.

Three square plan shaped tall buildings are arranged at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of varying size. The octagonal plan shaped principal building is also positioned randomly such that the position of the principal building is never overlapped with the square plan shaped buildings. The effect of interference of the square buildings on the wind-induced responses of the principal building is thoroughly measured by computational fluid dynamics using large eddy simulation turbulence model. Metamodels for drag and lift coefficients of the principal building in the interfering conditions are established. Interference factors for the pressure coefficients at different faces of the principal building is calculated and cast into efficient mathematical models. Pareto optimality for the maximum interference criterion is obtained. The optimal positions of the principal and interfering buildings for maximum interference are plotted. Selected cases from the Pareto optima are analysed to obtain the transient wind effects for those interference cases. The peak and root-mean-square pressure coefficients of these interfering conditions are compared with that of the isolated condition. The difference between the power spectra of the isolated and interfering conditions are also depicted.

Em Guerra em surdina: histórias do Brasil na Segunda Guerra Mundial, publicado em 1964, Boris Schnaiderman é o que poderíamos chamar de um intérprete de si e de mais de 20 mil homens da Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB) que, assim como ele, foram convocados em 1944 para lutar, no conflito, ao lado dos aliados. A partir do que vivenciou como pracinha numa Itália destruída, o escritor constrói uma narrativa entre o relato factual e a ficção.

PEEK (polyetheretherketone) and N2 are used in the packaging of high‐voltage power electronics as the frame material and insulation gas, respectively. The surface discharge behaviours of PEEK in N2 under positive repetitive square voltage are the main concerns for the packaging insulation design. However, the influence of N2 pressure on discharge characteristics and mechanisms has not been investigated. Herein, the optical images of streamer propagation and surface discharge current pulses of PEEK in N2 with different pressures are obtained under positive repetitive square voltage. The effects of different N2 pressures on the surface discharge initial voltage (SDIV), pulse parameters of discharge current, time lag of discharge and streamer propagation length are analysed in detail. The effects of N2 pressure on the memory effects of residual charges during surface discharge, effective ionisation rate and electron desorption rate are revealed. Furthermore, the time lag theory is used to analyse the influence of N2 pressure on the time lag of forward and backward discharge. The effects of N2 pressure on pulse parameters of discharge current, surface discharge initial voltage and streamer propagation length are also explained on the basis of the process of surface charges accumulation under different N2 pressures. The presented results can provide guidance for the packaging of press pack IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) and reveal the surface discharge mechanism with different N2 pressures under positive repetitive square voltage.

The restaurant industry is one of the largest and fastest growing sectors in the economy in the United States. According to the National Restaurant Association (NRA), the food service industry is the third largest industry accounting for more than 4% of the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Shake Shack is an American fast food restaurant chain based in New York City. It started out as a food cart at Madison Square Park in 2000, and its popularity grew steadily. Shake Shack is currently one of the best fast-food restaurants in the world. This article discusses the successful business model of Shake Shack through IPO analysis.

Households with children may Tiebout (1956) sort to safe cities. Cities that cut funding for police protection may become less attractive to households with children, spurring housing developers to build smaller houses with fewer rooms. Voting data on police tax levies using regression discontinuity suggests that newly-built houses have more rooms in cities that renew rather than fail their tax levies. The treatment effect peaks in the second year after the tax levy at 1.9 rooms, a sizeable difference over the mean of 6.6 rooms. House size tells a similar story: the difference between newly-built houses in communities that pass and fail public safety tax levies is 317.6 square feet (29.5 square meters), representing 15% of the mean house size in the sample. The results become evident 2 years after the tax levy and persist in the third year before petering out in the fourth year. The effect may stem from communities signaling a decreased commitment to public safety, rather than an increase in the crime rate itself, because cutting small tax levies has about the same effect on house size as cutting large tax levies.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi compreender quais as vivências ou experiências que crianças estudantes das Escolas Municipais Marumbi, Michel Khury, Maria Marli e Rachel Mader, que fazem parte do perímetro do Projeto Vila Sustentável (PVS), possuem em relação aos espaços públicos de lazer e quais eram as principais atividades realizadas por elas nesses espaços. Foi aplicado um questionário com 355 crianças. As categorias de análises foram: quais as praças que as crianças frequentavam; diferentes formas de uso e apropriação das praças; brincar na praça e na rua. A partir dos questionários realizados e das conversas com as crianças, percebemos que elas têm anseios por diferentes atividades de lazer, porém ainda não têm autonomia para se apropriarem dos diferentes espaços públicos, pois são muito novas e ainda dependem dos pais para usufruírem desse direito em sua essência.

Some have argued that unipersonal concepts of God collapse into incoherence, so that such a being is no more possible than a square circle, or at least that such theologies are, as non-trinitarian, significantly less probable than some trinitarian theologies. I discuss the general strategy and examine recent arguments by William Lane Craig, C. Stephen Layman, Thomas V. Morris, and Richard Swinburne based on divine love, flourishing, and glory. I show why none of these arguments is compelling, as each has at least one weak premise.

This work is focused on corrugated bottoms role as a means to improving heat performance of cavities filled by two superimposed fluid layers. Physical models examined are square cavities with botto...

Swell potential of soils from parts of Panyam, North – Central Nigeria were investigated covering 72 square kilometres within latitudes N9021′ and N9026′ and longitudes 9011′E and 9015′30″E. With the increase of civil engineering constructions and the scramble for limited portions of competent soils for such constructions, there is an urgent need in a developing nation to study and characterize such soils based on its geotechnical properties. The geotechnical studies include twenty soil samples taken within the 1.5m depth with the aim of determining the swell potential in order to give appropriate guide to any civil engineering design and construction. The direct method of soil analysis which is the coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE), which ranges from 0.02–0.17 was used for the study. COLE Values greater than 0.06, were considered to be critical for most civil engineering design and constructions. Most of the samples studied were considered not safe for bungalows and some infrastructure without proper safety measures carried out to improve upon it.

Traditionally, historic preservation has aimed to protect “collective memory,”—references to a past accepted as commonly shared and collectively commemorated. Collective memory has been used to construct narratives that define communities and urge specific rules and values. In recent years, we have come to see that “collective memory” is indeed “curated memory,” and that memorializing it in public spaces, parks and squares has enabled the assertion of power by the curators over others and has often excluded those others from the stories of the nation. The thousands of statues and namings in honor of the leaders of the Confederacy make this point. If a city’s greatness is found in the quality of its public spaces, the stature and bearing of Confederate memorials there must cause us to rethink our preservation philosophies, as continuing to honor such repugnant figures denies the humanity and worth of those who are targets of the unspoken, hateful messages from these memorials, which undoubtedly inspires equally hateful acts. As we rethink the idea of “collective memory,” the real challenge will be enabling our institutions (legal, political and social), as well as individual designers and planners, to rewrite the narratives to reveal memories of a diverse people.