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We have carried out Raman spectroscopy experiments to investigate two-magnon excitations in epitaxial thin films of the quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnetic Mott insulator Sr$_2$IrO$_4$ under in-plane misfit strain. With in-plane biaxial compression, the energy of the two-magnon peak increases, and the peak remains observable over a wider temperature range above the N\'eel temperature, indicating strain-induced enhancement of the superexchange interactions between $\it{J}_{eff}$ = 1/2 pseudospins. From density functional theory calculations, we have found an increase of the nearest-neighbor hopping parameter and exchange interaction with increasing biaxial compressive strain, in agreement with the experimental observations. Our experimental and theoretical results provide perspectives for systematic, theory-guided strain control of the primary exchange interactions in 5$\it{d}$ transition metal oxides., Comment: 3 figures

We have investigated structural, transport, and optical properties of tensile strained (Sr$_{1-x}$La$_x$)$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$ (x = 0, 0.025, 0.05) epitaxial thin-films. While High-T$_c$ superconductivity is predicted theoretically in the system, we have observed that all of the samples remain insulating with finite optical gap energies and Mott variable-range hopping characteristics in transport. Cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy indicates that structural defects such as stacking faults appear in this system. The insulating behavior of the La-doped Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$ thin-films is presumably due to disorder-induced localization and ineffective electron-doping of La, which brings to light the intriguing difference between epitaxial thin films and bulk single crystals of the iridates., Comment: 4 figures

We have investigated the electronic and optical properties of (Sr$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$)$_2$IrO$_4$ (x= 0 - 0.375) and (Sr$_{1-y}$Ba$_y$)$_2$IrO$_4$ (y= 0 - 0.375) epitaxial thin-films, in which the bandwidth is systematically tuned via chemical substitutions of Sr ions by Ca and Ba. Transport measurements indicate that the thin-film series exhibits insulating behavior, similar to the J$_{eff}$= 1/2 spin-orbit Mott insulator Sr$_2$IrO$_4$. As the average A-site ionic radius increases from (Sr$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$)$_2$IrO$_4$ to (Sr$_{1-y}$Ba$_y$)$_2$IrO$_4$, optical conductivity spectra in the near-infrared region shift to lower energies, which cannot be explained by the simple picture of well-separated J$_{eff}$= 1/2 and J$_{eff}$= 3/2 bands. We suggest that the two-peak-like optical conductivity spectra of the layered iridates originates from the overlap between the optically-forbidden spin-orbit exciton and the inter-site optical transitions within the J$_{eff}$= 1/2 band. Our experimental results are consistent with this interpretation as implemented by a multi-orbital Hubbard model calculation: namely, incorporating a strong Fano-like coupling between the spin-orbit exciton and inter-site d-d transitions within the J$_{eff}$= 1/2 band., 5 figures

Effects of S. cerevisiae on immune parameters of the L. vannamei after 14 days of S .cerevisiae feeding were evaluated in this study. For this purpose a total of 300 pieces of shrimp with an average weight of 30 to 35 grams were selected from a pool shrimp Abadan CHOEBDEH. After making sure the health, absence of necrosis on the surface of the body, cuts antenna, shrimp were transferred to the center of BANDAR IMAM Research Station. Adaptation was carried out for 3-5 days. After the adaptation, shrimps were screened for virus (WSSV, TSV, MBV, HPV, YHV, BP, IHHNV and IMNV) and vibrio bacteria.After screening shrimps divided to two groups with three replication (including 50 pieces of shrimp in triplicate). The experimental diet has the commercial shrimp composition ,but 2 g of S. cerevisiae substituted 2 g of fish meal. Shrimp of first group (T1) for 14 days with food containing nutritional yeast and shrimp in second group (T2) were fed with normal diet without yeast. After 14 days Immune Factors and survival rates in both groups were evaluated. The results showed that the relative survival rate between the two groups showed no significant difference. But Immune Factors (THC, TPP, PO, POD and SOD) in the treatment fed yeast (T1) compared to control treatment (T2) showed a significant increase. In conclusion these results suggest that the increased survival rate and resistance of shrimp after S. cerevisiae consumption occurs through immune modifications, such as increases in THC, TPP, SOD, SOP and PO activity. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

Effects of S. cerevisiae on immune parameters of the L. vannamei after 14 days of S .cerevisiae feeding were evaluated in this study. For this purpose a total of 300 pieces of shrimp with an average weight of 30 to 35 grams were selected from a pool shrimp Abadan CHOEBDEH. After making sure the health, absence of necrosis on the surface of the body, cuts antenna, shrimp were transferred to the center of BANDAR IMAM Research Station. Adaptation was carried out for 3-5 days. After the adaptation, shrimps were screened for virus (WSSV, TSV, MBV, HPV, YHV, BP, IHHNV and IMNV) and vibrio bacteria. After screening shrimps divided to two groups with three replication (including 50 pieces of shrimp in triplicate). The experimental diet has the commercial shrimp composition, but 2 g of S. cerevisiae substituted 2 g of fish meal. Shrimp of first group (T1) for 14 days with food containing nutritional yeast and shrimp in second group (T2) were fed with normal diet without yeast. After 14 days Immune Factors and survival rates in both groups were evaluated. The results showed that the relative survival rate between the two groups showed no significant difference. But Immune Factors (THC, TPP, PO, POD and SOD) in the treatment fed yeast (T1) compared to control treatment (T2) showed a significant increase. In conclusion these results suggest that the increased survival rate and resistance of shrimp after S. cerevisiae consumption occurs through immune modifications, such as increases in THC, TPP, SOD, SOP and PO activity.

Background: This study evaluated CMV serostatus in donors and recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and its effects on CMV reactivation of patients and all aspects of CMV on HSCT outcomes. Materials and Methods: Seven hundred and five adult acute leukemia patients (AML=408 and AML=297) who had undergone HSCT were included in this retrospective study. We categorized donor-recipient pairs in three risk groups: positive donors (D+) were studied as high-risk group, including either R+ or R-(n=485), R-D- as low-risk group (n=32) and R+D- as intermediate group (n=15). Results: There was no statistically difference in CMV reactivation among these risk groups (P=0.14).CMV infection rate was lower in R+D+ than R+D-(p=0.050). Multivariate analysis showed that patients developing CMV infection had lower overall survival (p=0.04, HR: 1.43, CI=1.00- 2.05) and higher non- relapse mortality (P=0.01, HR: 1.62, CI=1.11-2.38). Relapse rate did not change in CMV reactivated patients (P=0.94). Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that asCMV reactivation occurred more in R+D- patients compared to R+D+ ones, and was associated with inferior OS and higher NRM it could be suggested that in contrast to general belief, if the recipient is seropositive , seropositive donor is preferred to a seronegative one.

One-dimensional (1D) quantum systems, which are predicted to exhibit novel states of matter in theory, have been elusive in experiment. Here we report a superlattice method of creating artificial 1D quantum stripes, which offers dimensional tunability from two- to one-dimensions. As a model system, we have fabricated 1D iridium (Ir) stripes using a-axis oriented superlattices of a relativistic Mott insulator Sr2IrO4 and a wide bandgap insulator LaSrGaO4, both of which are crystals with layered structure. In addition to the successful formation of 1D Ir-stripe structure, we have observed 1D quantum-confined electronic states from optical spectroscopy and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. Since this 1D superlattice approach can be applied to a wide range of layered materials, it opens a new era of 1D science., Comment: 4 figures

We consider the U(1) gauge field defined over a six dimensional space-time with extra dimensions compactified on a noncommutative toroidal orbifold, within the context of coherent state approach to the noncommutative spaces. We demonstrate that the fuzzines of extra dimensions can lead to the cancelation of the part of electrostatic interaction mediated by the massive KK modes., Razmatramo baždarno polje U(1) definirano u šest-dimenzijskom prostoru-vremenu s dodatnim dimenzijama i zbijeno u nekomutativnom toroidnom staznom umotu, u svezi pristupa s koherentnim stanjima nekomunitativnim prostorima. Pokazujemo da neodređenost dodatnih dimenzija može voditi poništenju dijela elektrostatskog međudjelovanja koje prenose masivni KK modovi.

Possibility of rearing silver bream (Sparidentex hasta) in the earthen pond was experimented using 2 types of available artificial trout feed (FFT and GFT1). The experiment was carried out in 2 phases in Shahid-Kiani Extension Shrimp Farm in Chowibdeh Shrimp Site-Abadan Southern Iran, and earthen ponds with 0.25 ha. Area were used for both phases of the study. Juvenile fish of 3.2 g initial weight with the density of 9324 ind./ha. Were stocked for 196 days in the first phase. The initial weight, stocking density and rearing period of the fish in the second phase were 108.60 g, 9800 ind./ha. And 237 days respectively. Maximum amount of WG, FCR, PER and SVR of the fish in the first phase of the study were 100.12 g, more than 6, 0.38 and 55.32% respectively. WG and SR of the fish in the second phase respectively were 417 g and 20.74%. The Salinity of pond water was in the range between 9 and 22 ppt, and the water temperature was between 8.3 ֯C (mid December morning) and 34.8 ֯C (early Sep.....

Possibility of rearing silver bream (Sparidentex hasta) in the earthen pond was experimented using 2 types of available artificial trout feed (FFT and GFT1). The experiment was carried out in 2 phases in Shahid-Kiani Extension Shrimp Farm in Chowibdeh Shrimp Site-Abadan Southern Iran, and earthen ponds with 0.25 ha. Area were used for both phases of the study. Juvenile fish of 3.2 g initial weight with the density of 9324 ind./ha. Were stocked for 196 days in the first phase. The initial weight, stocking density and rearing period of the fish in the second phase were 108.60 g, 9800 ind./ha. And 237 days respectively. Maximum amount of WG, FCR, PER and SVR of the fish in the first phase of the study were 100.12 g, more than 6, 0.38 and 55.32% respectively. WG and SR of the fish in the second phase respectively were 417 g and 20.74%. The Salinity of pond water was in the range between 9 and 22 ppt, and the water temperature was between 8.3 ֯C (mid December morning) and 34.8 ֯C (early September afternoon) during the study. Also water pond PH was recorded in the range of 8.65 (morning) and 7.83-9.20 (afternoon) in the study period. Results of the study showed that growth rate of the fish was increased with the increasing of the water temperature, but it showed slow rate or ultimately stopped when the temperature passed 25 ֯C. Also results indicated that artificial feeds of FFT or GFT1 are not accepted as economically feeds for this species to be cultured. Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute Published

An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) and urea on dry and organic matter digestibility (IVDMD and IVOMD, respectively) and gas production in vitro. Raisin stalk contained 8.6% crude protein, 85% dry matter, 7% ash, 13.95% total extractable phenol (TEPH) and 2.13% total extractable tannin (TET). The experimental treatments were: raisin with no supplementation as control (C); supplemented with 3% urea (U 3%), 5% urea (U 5%) or 3% urea plus 5% PEG (U-PEG) per DM. The rumen liquor fluid was obtained from two ruminal-cannulated fat-tailed sheep. TEPH and TET were determined and in vitro incubation was also conducted. The results indicated that the PEG increased IVOMD and IVDMD. The gas produced from time 0 to 3 and 3 to 6 h of incubation were significantly higher in PEG treatment than that of other groups (P < 0.05). The U-PEG treatment increased the total gas production in 96 h, but it was not statistically significant (P = 0.06) Gas production in 96 h incubation using 300 mg fresh sample was significantly higher than 200 mg sample (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the negative effect of tannin on DM and OM digestibility and also gas production of raisin stalk in vitro could be alleviated by PEG treatment.Key words: Raisin stalk, tannin, polyethylene glycol (PEG), urea, gas production, digestibility, in vitro.

Introduction: The increased risk of hemolytic reactions and erythrocyte recovery delay in ABO incompatible hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are well established. Effects of ABO incompatibility on other transplantation outcomes are evaluated in this study. Subjects and Methods: We prospectively followed 501 patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation regarding their ABO compatibility groups for a median time of 34.7 months. Patients were studied in minor, major and bidirectional mismatched and matched groups. Results: Mean survival time (OS) was lower in minor mismatched group (p-value= 0.017). Minor and bidirectional mismatched groups received significantly more packed cell units than matched group (p-value < 0.0001 and p-value =0.002, respectively).Mean number of platelet unit infusion was significantly more in major mismatched recipients than matched group (p- value=0.031). Death rate was much more than expected in minor mismatched group. Two cases of PRCA (pure red cell aplasia) were found in major mismatched group. No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, time to neutrophil recovery, relapse- free survival, non-relapse mortality and relapse rate among groups. Conclusion: In order to prevent complications of ABO-incompatible SCT such as decrease in OS and the need for more transfusions, choosing ABO-compatible donors would improve transplantation outcomes.

Signed graphs are graphs whose edges get signs ±1 and, as for unsigned graphs, they can be studied by means of graph matrices. Here we focus our attention to the largest eigenvalue, also known as the index of the adjacency matrix of signed graphs. Firstly we give some general results on the index variation when the corresponding signed graph is perturbed. Also, we determine signed graphs achieving the minimal or the maximal index in the class of unbalanced unicyclic graphs of order n ≥ 3 .

Machining of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by laser has been extensively studied in engineering research for several applications including microfluidic manufacturing and rapid prototyping. However, very few investigations have taken into consideration the wide range of physico-chemical characteristics of commercially available PMMA that can often affect the quality of the laser-machined structures. These characteristics are often ignored, with many manufacturing publications focusing on a single source of PMMA. To understand the different bonding strengths and laser-cut qualities in the context of our ultra-fast prototyping technique, four types of PMMA have been examined. Molecular weights, and thermal properties have been determined and their roles on the bonding strength and CO2 laser cut quality, including kerf width and taper angle, have been investigated. This study demonstrates that the choice of material, for rapid prototyping of multi-layered structures via CO2 laser machining and solvent-assisted bonding, is crucial and provides a practical guide to researchers selecting PMMA material for use in micro-engineering and microfluidic rapidprototyping.