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Agravos que acometem a saúde bucal são objetos de estudos epidemiológicos por suas altas prevalências e gravidades. A cárie dentária é considerada a doença bucal mais comum na população mundial. O conhecimento da situação epidemiológica contribui na formulação de políticas públicas, na oferta e execução dos serviços de saúde bucal de uma comunidade. O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar uma análise bibliométrica das produções científicas sobre os inquéritos de saúde bucal e cárie entre os anos de 2010 e 2021. Os artigos foram selecionados nas bases Scopus e Web of Science e a estratégia de busca delimitou-se aos Descritores em Ciências da Saúde de busca (DeCS) “dental caries”, “oral health” e “dental health surveys”. A busca resultou em 906 artigos e o software RStudio® garantiu a extração, manipulação e fornecimento de resultados técnicos sobre os inquéritos de saúde bucal da produção científica mundial. Considerando o país do autor correspondente, o Brasil lidera a produção científica, a Arábia Saudita é destaque nas pesquisas com cooperação internacional e fica clara a predileção dos autores pela fonte de publicação “Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology”. A estrutura conceitual demonstrou a força de integração entres autores e fontes de publicação, a estrutura intelectual revelou a rede de cocitação e a história das investigações, e a estrutura social revelou redes colaborativas entre autores, instituições e países. Portanto, a bibliometria permite uma análise estruturada do grande volume de informações da ciência, contribui para a revisão das investigações anteriores e apresenta a direção das futuras pesquisas.

This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ceramics., Y2O3 at 3% mol partially stabilized Zr2O3 (3YSZ) porous specimens with variable open porosity, from fully dense up to ~47%, and their potential use as anode supports for new solid oxide cell designs were fabricated by tape casting. The stiffness, strength and fracture properties were measured to investigate the influence of porosity on mechanical properties. The evolution of Young’s modulus and characteristic strength was evaluated by ball-on-ring tests. The variation of critical plane stress Mode I stress intensity factor with porosity has also been investigated and modelled from the results obtained from fracture mechanics testing. R-curve behaviour was observed in dense 3YSZ specimens and in porous 3YSZ compositions. The width of the transformation zone after fracture mechanics testing and the variation with porosity were investigated. The phases existing in the fracture zone were determined and quantified by Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the width of the transformation zone increased with increasing porosity. A new general R-curve model for 3YSZ based on the McMeeking–Evans equation is presented, which can be used to predict the behaviour of the R-curve as a function of porosity, simply by knowing the properties of the dense material and introducing in this equation porosity-dependent laws on the key properties that affect fracture toughness.

This study aimed to evaluate whether ligature-induced periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) potentiate the deleterious effects on functional capacity, periodontal and synovial tissues, leukocyte migration, and interleukin 17 (IL-17) levels, and to investigate the repercussions of single Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA) injection associated with periodontitis.Fifty-one malePRAG showed no reduction of edema or improvement of muscle strength, whereas it showed most significant changes in leukocyte migration, morphological analyses of the synovial membrane (SM), and radiographic and histometric analyses of the jaw. The PIAG showed some alterations, though not permanent.Ligature-induced periodontitis and RA induced by two FCA injections accentuated the deleterious effects on functional capacity, leukocyte migration, synovial and periodontal tissues.

The energetic landscape at the interface between electron donating and accepting molecular materials favors efficient conversion of intermolecular charge-transfer states (CTS) into free charge carriers in high-performance organic solar cells. Here, we elucidate how interfacial energetics, charge generation and radiative recombination are affected by structural ordering. We experimentally determine the CTS binding energy of a series of model, small molecule donor-acceptor blends, where the used acceptors (B2PYMPM, B3PYMPM and B4PYMPM) differ only in the nitrogen position of their lateral pyridine rings. We find that the formation of an ordered, face-on molecular packing in B4PYMPM is beneficial to efficient, field-independent charge separation, leading to fill factors over 70% in photovoltaic devices. This is rationalized by a comprehensive computational protocol showing that, compared to the more amorphous and isotropically oriented B2PYMPM, the higher order of the B4PYMPM molecules provides more delocalized CTS. Furthermore, we find no correlation between the quantum efficiency of radiative free charge carrier recombination and the bound or unbound nature of the CTS. This work highlights the importance of structural ordering at donor-acceptor interfaces for efficient free carrier generation and shows that more ordering and less bound CT states do not preclude efficient radiative recombination.

Data regarding the use of 1-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) as a conversion technique after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) failure is scarce in the literature.The aim of this study was to assess our experience with OAGB as a rescue procedure after failed LAGB.This study involved patients treated at a private hospital in France.This single-center retrospective study included all consecutive patients receiving OAGB from January 2005 to January 2016. Of the 3,224 patients, 63.5% received primary OAGB (pOAGB) and 36.5% received OAGB as a conversion procedure after LAGB (cOAGB).During the period considered, 2,046 patients with obesity received pOAGB, whereas 1,000 patients underwent conversion of LAGB to OAGB in 1 step. The rate of patients lost to follow-up at 5 years was 31% in the pOAGB group and 32.5% in the cOAGB group (P = .4). Five years after the surgery, the mean body mass index was 30.8 ± 10.2 kg/mIn this study, OAGB was effective and safe as a rescue technique after LAGB failure. Conversion in one step did not appear to increase the risk of early complications, whereas a history of gastric banding seems to increase the risk of bile reflux in the long term.

Being a waste picker is not considered a profession in the eyes of society. One reason is that it does not require professional qualifications or training. Thus, most waste pickers are individuals who had difficulty entering the labour market, mainly due to low education levels. As members of waste pickers organisations (WPOs), they have difficulties in practicing self-management and, consequently, in maintaining the WPO’s economic sustainability. This is a barrier to waste pickers’ inclusion in the integrated solid waste management, but it can be overcome with investment in their education and professional training. However, it is not clear how this can be accomplished. This article presents guidelines for the education and training of organised waste pickers. These guidelines were developed based on socioeconomic information with a focus on education and training collected from interviews with waste pickers (n = 215) of 24 Brazilian WPOs. The potentials and vulnerabilities of this socioeconomic profile allowed the elaboration of the main following guidelines: the classroom must be the WPO itself; a mentor is needed to conduct the education and training programme using a non-formal teaching and learning method; the content should be defined collectively, based on the knowledge of the organisation’s members and the daily WPO’s issues. In addition to isolated actions, these guidelines should be included in public policy programmes.

A baixa adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso é associada a resultados negativos para a saúde. Estima-se que a não adesão à farmacoterapia ocorre em mais de 60% dos pacientes com doença cardiovascular. Para melhorar a adesão ao tratamento uma nova ferramenta tem adquirido destaque: a saúde móvel (mHealth). Com a disseminação dos dispositivos móveis e da internet, principalmente após o início da pandemia de COVID-19, o impacto que a mHealth poderia ter sobre a saúde no Brasil e no mundo é evidente, porém evidências que apoiam a eficácia dessa nova tecnologia para melhorar a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso ainda não está clara. O objetivo desta revisão foi avaliar as evidências de como a mHealth pode influenciar a adesão dos pacientes com doença cardiovascular à medicação. A busca pelos estudos foi feita nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e LILACS. A maioria dos estudos apresentam resultados promissores em termos da capacidade da mHealth. Porém, parte dos estudos também apresenta ressalvas devido aos resultados não significativos, justificados em grande parte, pelo número pequeno de participantes e o curto tempo de duração do estudo. Sendo assim, precisamos de evidências mais fortes de estudos bem projetados e implementados, com tamanhos maiores de amostra e maior duração de intervenção e acompanhamento, para confirmar o real benefício da mHealth.

Information system is an integrated system that provides information or data to support various operational activities, management, and decision-making functions of an organization or company. Information systems are needed in an organization because what determines the running of an organization is the information it has, such as in making reports given to the leadership, depending on whether the information is accurate or not. As is the case in non-profit organizations in the community, namely Posyandu. Posyandu (Pos Pelayanan Terpadu) is a form of Upaya Kesehatan Bersumberdaya Masyarakat (UKBM) carried out by, from and with the community, to empower and provide convenience to the community to obtain health services for mothers, infants and toddlers. The implementation of the Posyandu which is routinely carried out every month is carried out by health cadres whose workforce is voluntary and is chosen by local residents and is tasked with fostering the community. The purpose of this community service program is to provide knowledge and understanding to Posyandu cadres so that they can provide maximum health services to the community, especially health service administration during registration, recording and reporting, namely by providing socialization of the use of the Web-Based Posyandu Information System for Cendana Posyandu cadres in Kahuripan Village, Tasikmalaya City. It is hoped that with this socialization, the cadres can use the Posyandu Information System properly so that the health services provided can run optimally. Features that exist in the Posyandu Information System include recording of mother's d

Objetivos: analisar o perfil epidemiológico e clínico dos casos notificados de sífilis congênita em região de alta incidência. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação e Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos, para o período de 2015 a 2017. Foram identificadas as notificações de mulheres que residiam na região Norte do Espírito Santo. Resultados: foram analisados 99 casos de sífilis congênita, 97% foram notificados até 29 dias de vida, 76,5% eram assintomáticos, 89,9% estavam vivas no momento da notificação, e 49% foram tratados com penicilina. A maioria das gestantes realizaram o pré-natal (92,9%) e 56,1% realizaram sete ou mais consultas. O tratamento da sífilis gestacional foi inadequado em 55,6% dos casos. A realização do pré-natal e o diagnóstico precoce influencia significativamente no desfecho da criança nascer viva (p=

Introduction: Severe forms of COVID-19 are more common in patients with abnormal fat distribution, particularly high visceral adiposity. The patient's muscle strength may be reduced during the acute phase of the infection. Electrical bioimpedance (BIA) is a non-invasive method for measuring body compartments and estimating visceral fat area (VFA) that can be used at the bedside. Objective: To assess the relationship between several body composition parameters, primarily adipose tissue and VFA, in patients with and without a diagnosis of COVID-19 infection, as well as its role in disease severity. Methods: This is a retrospective study that was conducted in a private hospital in the city of São Paulo from March 2020 to August 2021. The Student's T test was used to compare the results of quantitative variables in the groups with and without COVID-19. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used where normality could not be established. When dealing with categorical data, Pearson's Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test are used to analyze relationships. Results: A total of 96 patients with a mean age of 69.1 years (SD 15) were divided into two groups of 48 individuals, with and without COVID-19 infection. Body mass index (p=0.000), fat mass (p=0.052), and VFA (p=0.042) were all higher in the infection group. When COVID-19 patients were evaluated, those with higher VFA had longer hospital stays (p=0.020) and used more vasoactive drugs (p=0.043). Patients with COVID-19 with poor handgrip strength were 4.38 times more likely to require a prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay. Conclusion:The study concluded that excess weight and body fat are significantly associated with COVID-19 involvement, but the severity is primarily related to a greater area of visceral fat. The use of bioimpedance for visceral fat measurement was effective, as it is a simple method performed in the hospital setting that does not require the use of radiation.

Background and Objectives: to describe current scientific knowledge regarding the treatment options in advanced oropharyngeal cancer. The standard care for advanced oropharyngeal cancer (OPSCC) has been chemoradiotherapy, although surgical approaches followed by adjuvant treatment have been proposed. The best therapy for each patient should be decided by an interdisciplinary tumour-board. Different strategies should be considered for the specific patient’s treatment: surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy or combinations of them. The treatment choice is influenced by tumour variability and prognostic factors, but it also depends on cancer extension, extranodal extension, nervous invasion, human papilloma virus (HPV) presence, making the decisional algorithm not always clear. HPV-related OPSCC is strongly associated with a favourable overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival rate (DSS); by contrast, HPV-negative OPSCC often flags a worse prognosis. Consequently, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) differentiates OPSCC treatment and prognosis based on HPV status. Methods: we carried out a review of current scientific literature to analyze the different indications and limitations of surgical treatment options in OPSCC stage III and IV. Conclusion: robotic surgery or open approaches with reconstructive flaps can be considered in advanced stages, resulting in the de-intensification of subsequent systemic therapy and fewer related side effects. Furthermore, in the event of the primary failure of systemic therapy or disease recurrence, the surgical approach constitutes an additional therapeutic option which lengthens patient survival functions.

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro anti-Leishmania activity of chalcone-rich three extracts (LDR, LHR and LMR) from Lonchocarpus cultratus (Vell.) A.M.G. Azevedo & H.C. Lima against L. amazonensis. Also, the immunomodulatory and antioxidant capacity was assessed. Methods Successive extraction with hexane, dichloromethane and methanol were performed to obtain LHR, LDR and LMR extracts from L. cultratus roots, which were characterized by 1H NMR. Promastigotes, amastigotes and peritoneal macrophages were exposed to crescent concentrations of the three extracts, and after incubation, the inhibition rates were determined to both types of cells, and morphological analyses were performed on the parasite. The immunomodulatory activity was determined against stimulated macrophages. Key findings LDR, LHR and LMR inhibited promastigote cell growth (IC50 0.62 ± 0.3, 0.94 ± 0.5 and 1.28 ± 0.73 µg/ml, respectively) and reduced the number of amastigotes inside macrophages (IC50 1.36 ± 0.14, 1.54 ± 0.26 and 4.09 ± 0.88 µg/ml, respectively). The cytotoxicity against murine macrophages resulted in a CC50 of 13.12 ± 1.92, 92.93 ± 9.1 and >300 µg/ml, resulting in high selectivity index to promastigotes and amastigotes. The extracts also inhibited the nitric oxide secretion in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The antioxidant capacity resulted in a higher scavenger LMR ability. Conclusions These results suggest that L. cultratus extracts have anti-Leishmania potential, are non-toxic, and immunosuppress macrophages in vitro.

Introduction: The realization of an antireflux valve according to the Nissen technique during the operation of one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) may theoretically decrease the incidence of postoperative reflux in patients with hiatal hernia (HH). Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, we included all patients operated on between January 2015 and January 2019 for an OAGB associated with the creation of an antireflux Nissen valve (360-degree wrap). The patients included had type II or type III HH that had been diagnosed preoperatively or discovered intraoperatively. Results: Twenty-two patients were operated on during the period considered. The mean preoperative BMI was 40 ± 14 kg/m2. Five patients (22.7%) had a history of bariatric surgery. Typical symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) were preoperatively present in four patients (18%), and HH was revealed preoperatively only in four patients; for all the other patients, the diagnosis of HH was made intraoperatively. The rate of early and/or late postoperative complications was 0%. The mean duration of follow-up was 23 ± 15 months. No dysphagia was reported during follow-up. Three patients presented with symptomatic GERD postoperatively, including one de novo. Mean BMI at the end of follow-up was 24 ± 3 kg/m2, and the % of total weight loss was 108 ± 30%. Conclusions: OAGB with a Nissen antireflux valve seems to be a safe and effective surgical technique and it could be an extra arrow in the surgeon’s quiver in the presence of HH in a patient scheduled for OAGB.

Specific bone structures (BSDs) are critical in treating bone density, bone fractures or metastases. They can be classified as anti-resorptive or anabolic. ONJ was first associated with bisphosphonate treatment in 203, and is now recognized as an adverse effect of bisphosphonate and other BSD treatment. In this sense, this study aimed to review the literature on drug-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws, addressing diagnostic methods, as well as prevention and treatment protocols for this disease. For the construction of this article, a bibliographic survey was carried out in the databases SciVerse Scopus, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), U.S. National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) and ScienceDirect, with the help of the Mendeley reference manager. Articles Osteonecrosis between the years 2022.lars to drug-induced maxi-drug therapy, but were too necrosis for a therapy, of adverse drug consequence, but were too necrosis for a PB therapy of adverse effects. It is mainly associated with the use of more potent bisphosphonate amino acids for long periods of time. The most important antecedent event to the development of clinics is invasive dental treatment, therefore, it is important for ordinary oral health professionals to have an understanding of its causes and management. The most important aspect of the treatment starts at the time of the first preparation and must continue for the life-restoring effect of the patient due to the continued effect of the drugs on the bone. Las estructuras óseas específicas (BSD, por sus siglas en inglés) son críticas en el tratamiento de la densidad ósea, las fracturas óseas o las metástasis. Se pueden clasificar en antirresortivos o anabólicos. La ONM se asoció por primera vez con el tratamiento con bisfosfonatos en 203 y ahora se reconoce como un efecto adverso de los bisfosfonatos y otros tratamientos con BSD. En este sentido, este estudio tuvo como objetivo revisar la literatura sobre la osteonecrosis de los maxilares inducida por fármacos, abordando los métodos de diagnóstico, así como los protocolos de prevención y tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Para la construcción de este artículo se realizó un levantamiento bibliográfico en las bases de datos SciVerse Scopus, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), EE.UU. Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (PUBMED) y ScienceDirect, con la ayuda del gestor de referencias de Mendeley. Artículos Osteonecrosis entre los años 2022. Lars a maxi-farmacoterapia inducida por fármacos, pero eran demasiado necrosis para una terapia, de consecuencia farmacológica adversa, pero eran demasiado necrosis para una terapia PB de efectos adversos. Se asocia principalmente con el uso de aminoácidos bisfosfonatos más potentes durante largos períodos de tiempo. El evento antecedente más importante para el desarrollo de las clínicas es el tratamiento dental invasivo, por lo tanto, es importante que los profesionales de la salud bucal tengan una comprensión de sus causas y manejo. El aspecto más importante del tratamiento comienza en el momento de la primera preparación y debe continuar para lograr el efecto de restauración de la vida del paciente debido al efecto continuado de los medicamentos sobre el hueso. As drogas ósseas específicas (BSDs) atuam de forma fundamental no tratamento de indivíduos com baixar densidade óssea mineral, fraturas ou metástase óssea. Elas podem ser classificadas como antirreabsotivos ou anabólicos. O ONJ foi associado pela primeira vez ao tratamento com bisfosfonatos em 2003, e agora é amplamente reconhecido como um efeito adverso do tratamento com bisfosfonatos e outros BSD. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivou revisar a literatura acerca da osteonecrose dos maxilares induzidas pelo uso de medicamentos, abordando os métodos de diagnóstico, bem como os protocolos de prevenção e tratamento dessa doença. Para a construção deste artigo foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados SciVerse Scopus, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), U.S. National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) e ScienceDirect, com auxílio do gerenciador de referências Mendeley. Os artigos foram contemplados entre os anos de 2010 a 2022. A osteonecrose dos maxilares induzidas por medicamentos é uma consequência adversa incomum, mas potencialmente muito séria, da terapia medicamentosa para PB. Está principalmente associado ao uso de amino-bifosfonatos mais potentes por longos períodos de tempo. O evento antecedente mais comum ao desenvolvimento de lesões clínicas é o tratamento odontológico invasivo, sendo, portanto, particularmente importante que os profissionais de saúde bucal tenham uma compreensão de suas causas e manejo. A prevenção continua sendo o aspecto mais importante do manejo e começa no momento da primeira prescrição e deve continuar pelo resto da vida do paciente devido ao efeito duradouro desses medicamentos no osso.

Bisphosphonates (BFs), such as alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, and clodronate, are potent osteoclast-inhibiting drugs and are considered the first-choice therapy in diseases that affect bone metabolism. A significant adverse effect seen in patients using oral or intravenous BPs who have undergone invasive dental procedures such as implant therapy is bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (OMRB), which is clinically characterized by painful exposure of bone in the maxillofacial region. In this sense, this study aims to review the literature on the protocol in dento-alveolar surgeries in patients using bisphosphonates, as well as to describe the clinical manifestations of drug-related mandibular osteonecrosis. For the construction of this article, a bibliographic survey was carried out in the databases SciVerse Scopus, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), U.S. National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) and ScienceDirect, with the help of the Mendeley reference manager. The articles were covered between the years 2010 to 2022. Osteonecrosis of the jaws caused by bisphosphonates is an uncommon, but potentially very serious, adverse consequence of drug therapy for BP. It is mainly associated with the use of more potent amino-bisphosphonates for long periods of time. The most common antecedent event to the development of clinical lesions is invasive dental treatment, and it is therefore particularly important that oral health professionals have an understanding of their causes and management. Prevention remains the most important aspect of management and begins at the time of first prescription and should continue for the rest of the patient's life because of the lasting effect of these drugs on bone. Los bisfosfonatos (BF), como el alendronato, el risedronato, el ibandronato y el clodronato, son potentes fármacos inhibidores de los osteoclastos y se consideran la terapia de primera elección en enfermedades que afectan el metabolismo óseo. Un efecto adverso significativo que se observa en pacientes que usan BP orales o intravenosos que se han sometido a procedimientos dentales invasivos, como la terapia con implantes, es la osteonecrosis de la mandíbula relacionada con bisfosfonatos (OMRB), que se caracteriza clínicamente por exposición dolorosa del hueso en la región maxilofacial. En este sentido, este estudio tiene como objetivo revisar la literatura sobre el protocolo en cirugías dentoalveolares en pacientes que utilizan bisfosfonatos, así como describir las manifestaciones clínicas de la osteonecrosis mandibular relacionada con fármacos. Para la construcción de este artículo se realizó un levantamiento bibliográfico en las bases de datos SciVerse Scopus, Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Estados Unidos. Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (PUBMED) y ScienceDirect, con la ayuda del gestor de referencias de Mendeley. Los artículos se cubrieron desde 2010 hasta 2022. La osteonecrosis de los maxilares causada por bisfosfonatos es una consecuencia adversa poco común, pero potencialmente muy grave, de la terapia farmacológica para la PA. Se asocia principalmente con el uso de amino-bifosfonatos más potentes durante largos períodos de tiempo. El evento antecedente más común para el desarrollo de lesiones clínicas es el tratamiento dental invasivo y, por lo tanto, es particularmente importante que los profesionales de la salud bucal comprendan sus causas y su manejo. La prevención sigue siendo el aspecto más importante del tratamiento y comienza en el momento de la primera prescripción y debe continuar durante el resto de la vida del paciente debido al efecto duradero de estos fármacos sobre el hueso. Os bisfosfonatos (BFs), como alendronato, risedronato, ibandronato e clodronato, são potentes drogas inibidoras de osteoclastos e são considerados a terapia de primeira escolha em doenças que afetam o metabolismo ósseo. Um efeito adverso significativo observado em pacientes em uso de BFs orais ou intravenosos que foram submetidos a procedimentos odontológicos invasivos, como a terapia com implantes, é a osteonecrose da mandíbula relacionada aos bisfosfonatos (OMRB), que é caracterizada clinicamente pela exposição dolorosa do osso na região maxilofacial. Nesse sentido, este estudo possui como objetivo revisar a literatura acerca do protocolo em cirurgias dento-alveolares em pacientes que fazem uso do medicamento bisfosfonatos, bem como descrever as manifestações clinicas da osteonecrose mandibular relacionada ao fármaco. Para a construção deste artigo foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados SciVerse Scopus, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), U.S. National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) e ScienceDirect, com auxílio do gerenciador de referências Mendeley. Os artigos foram contemplados entre os anos de 2010 a 2022. A osteonecrose dos maxilares por bifosfonatos é uma consequência adversa incomum, mas potencialmente muito séria, da terapia medicamentosa para PB. Está principalmente associado ao uso de amino-bifosfonatos mais potentes por longos períodos de tempo. O evento antecedente mais comum ao desenvolvimento de lesões clínicas é o tratamento odontológico invasivo, sendo, portanto, particularmente importante que os profissionais de saúde bucal tenham uma compreensão de suas causas e manejo. A prevenção continua sendo o aspecto mais importante do manejo e começa no momento da primeira prescrição e deve continuar pelo resto da vida do paciente devido ao efeito duradouro desses medicamentos no osso.

Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) adapt to changes in their energetic microenvironment. Caloric excess, in a range from transient to diet-induced obesity, could result in the transition of ATMs from highly oxidative and protective to highly inflammatory and metabolically deleterious. Here, we demonstrate that Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) is a key regulator of macrophage oxidative capacity in response to caloric excess. ATMs from mice with genetic-deficiency of Irf5 are characterised by increased oxidative respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential. Transient inhibition of IRF5 activity leads to a similar respiratory phenotype as genomic deletion, and is reversible by reconstitution of IRF5 expression. We find that the highly oxidative nature of Irf5-deficient macrophages results from transcriptional de-repression of the mitochondrial matrix component Growth Hormone Inducible Transmembrane Protein (GHITM) gene. The Irf5-deficiency-associated high oxygen consumption could be alleviated by experimental suppression of Ghitm expression. ATMs and monocytes from patients with obesity or with type-2 diabetes retain the reciprocal regulatory relationship between Irf5 and Ghitm. Thus, our study provides insights into the mechanism of how the inflammatory transcription factor IRF5 controls physiological adaptation to diet-induced obesity via regulating mitochondrial architecture in macrophages.

The realization of an unobtrusive and effective technology able to track fish freshness in real time and inform on its edibility is highly demanded, but still unachieved. In the present paper, we address this issue through a single metal oxide gas sensor working in temperature modulation mode. The system can work without an external reference air source, which is an appealing feature for its possible integration in domestic refrigerators. Tests were carried out using fresh sea bream fillets as case study and working both inside the refrigerator and at room temperature. Parallel gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and microbiological characterization indicated the marked dependence of both the microbiological condition and the gas-phase composition from the individual sample and from the storage temperature. Despite such a large variability, which may be expected in real applications, the proposed system provided similar responses whenever the total bacterial population approached and exceeded the edibility threshold of 107 CFU/g.

The investigation of the mechanisms lying behind the (photo-)chemical processes is fundamental to address and improve the design of new organic functional materials. In many cases, dynamics simulations represent the only tool to capture the system properties emerging from complex interactions between many molecules. Despite the outstanding progresses in calculation power, the only way to carry out such computational studies is to introduce several approximations with respect to a fully quantum mechanical (QM) description. This thesis presents an approach that combines QM calculations with a classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) approach by means of accurate QM-derived force fields. It is based on a careful selection of the most relevant molecular degrees of freedom, whose potential energy surface is calculated at QM level and reproduced by the analytic functions of the force field, as well as by an accurate tuning of the approximations introduced in the model of the process to be simulated. This is made possible by some tools developed purposely, that allow to obtain and test the FF parameters through comparison with the QM frequencies and normal modes. These tools were applied in the modelling of three processes: the npi* photoisomerisation of azobenzene, where the FF description was extended to the excited state too and the non-adiabatic events were treated stochastically with Tully fewest switching algorithm; the charge separation in donors-acceptors bulk heterojunction organic solar cells, where a tight-binding Hamiltonian was carefully parametrised and solved by means of a code, also written specifically; the effect of the protonation state on the photoisomerisation quantum yield of the aryl-azoimidazolium unit of the axle molecule of a rotaxane molecular shuttle. In each case, the QM-based MD models that were specifically developed gave noteworthy information about the investigated phenomena, proving to be a fundamental key for a deeper comprehension of several experimental evidences.

Introduction: Trypanosoma cruzi is the agent of Chagas’ disease and affects approximately 6-8 million people worldwide. The search for new anti-T. cruzi drugs are relevant because only two drugs exist actually. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the extracts from the seeds of Lonchocarpus cultratus on T. cruzi, its cytotoxicity as well as to elucidate its chemical profile. Methodology: The characterization of the extracts was done using 1H-RMN. T. cruzi forms were treated with increasing concentrations of the extracts and after, the percentage of inhibition and IC50 or LC50 were calculated. Murine peritoneal macrophages were treated with different concentrations of the extracts to evaluate the cellular viability. The hemotoxicity was accessed by verifying the levels of hemolysis caused by the extracts on human red blood cells. Results: Chalcones isocordoin and lonchocarpin were detected in the dichloromethane extract, and chalcone lonchocarpin was detected in the hexane extract. The dichloromethane extract showed higher activity against all the forms of T. cruzi compared to the other two extracts, but the hexane showed the best selectivity index. The cytotoxicity observed in murine macrophages was confirmed in human erythrocytes, with dichloromethane extract having the highest toxicity. The methanolic extract showed the lowest anti-T. cruzi activity but was nontoxic to peritoneal murine macrophages and red blood cells. Conclusions: L. cultratus extracts have the potential to be explored for the development of new anti-trypanosomal drugs. This study was the first to demonstrate the action of extracts from the genus Lonchocarpus on infecting forms of T. cruzi.

Papaya production and export is increasingly expanding in the world market due to the nutritional importance of the fruit. Phytosanitary issues, labor shortages, and unevenness in land-based costal and motorized applications compromise crops, the environment, and humankind. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of droplet distribution using an unmanned aerial vehicle, with different application rates (12.0, 15.0, and 18.0 L ha−1) and spray nozzles (XR110015 and MGA015) in the upper (UL), middle (ML), and lower (LL) layers, and on papaya fruit clusters (BF). Water-sensitive paper labels and artificial targets were used to assess the efficiency. Coverage, density, droplet distribution, and droplet diameter were influenced by the application rates in the following order: 18.0 > 15.0 > 12.0 L ha−1, showing concentrated droplet distribution in the respective layers: UL > ML > LL > BF. The 18.0 L ha−1 rate increased the variables examined, and the droplet coverage on the UL using the XR110015 nozzle was 6.56 times greater than that found on the LL and BF. The MGA015 nozzle presented better results in the LL and BF in all variables analyzed. The UAVs were efficient in applying to the papaya crop and further studies should be carried out in order to confirm the efficacy of plant protection products applied using this technology.

The current treatment of leishmaniasis presents some problems, such as cell toxicity, parenteral route, and time of treatment. Ozone emerges as an option to accelerate the standard treatment due to the immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and wound healing activity reported in the literature. This work aimed to evaluate the efficacy of aqueous ozone as an adjuvant to the standard treatment of cutaneous lesions caused by Leishmania amazonensis in an experimental model. For in vivo experiments, mice were randomly distributed in 6 groups, which were infected with L. amazonensis and treated in five different schedules using the standard treatment with Glucantime® with or without aqueous ozone. After the last day of treatment, the animals were euthanized and were analyzed: the thickness of lesions; collagen deposition, the parasitic burden of the lesions; blood leukocyte number; NO; and cytokine dosages and arginase activity from peritoneal macrophages. All treated groups showed a decrease in the lesion, but with a significative deposition of collagen in lesions with local ozone treatment. The parasite burden showed that ozone enhanced the leishmanicidal activity of the reference drug. The reduction of NO production and blood leukocyte count and increases in the arginase activity showed an immunomodulatory activity of ozone in the treated animals. Thus, ozone therapy has been shown to work as an adjuvant in the treatment of Leishmania lesions, enhancing leishmanicidal and wound healing activity of standard treatment.

Trypanosoma cruzi is the agent of Chagas disease, an infection that affects around 8 million people worldwide. The search for new anti-T. cruzi drugs are relevant, mainly because the treatment of this disease is limited to two drugs. The objective of this study was to investigate the trypanocidal and cytotoxic activity and elucidate the chemical profile of extracts from the roots of the Lonchocarpus cultratus. Roots from L. cultratus were submitted to successive extractions with hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol, resulting in LCH, LCD, and LCM extracts, respectively. Characterization of extracts was done using 1H-RMN, 13C-RMN, CC and TLC. Treatment of T. cruzi forms (epimastigotes, trypomastigotes, and amastigotes) with crescent concentrations of LCH, LCD, and LCM was done for 72, 48, and 48 h, respectively. After this, the percentage of inhibition and IC50/LC50 were calculated. Benznidazole was used as a positive control. Murine macrophages were treated with different concentrations of both extracts for 48 h, and after, the cellular viability was determined by the MTT method and CC50 was calculated. The chalcones derricin and lonchocarpine were identified in the hexane extract, and for the first time in the genus Lonchocarpus, the presence of a dihydrolonchocarpine derivative was observed. Other chalcones such as isocordoin and erioschalcone B were detected in the dichloromethane extract. The dichloromethane extract showed higher activity against all tested forms of T. cruzi than the other two extracts, with IC50 values of 10.98, 2.42, and 0.83 µg/mL, respectively; these values are very close to those of benznidazole. Although the dichloromethane extract presented a cytotoxic effect against mammalian cells, it showed selectivity against amastigotes. The methanolic extract showed the lowest anti-T. cruzi activity but was non-toxic to peritoneal murine macrophages. Thus, the genus Lonchocarpus had demonstrated in the past action against epimastigotes forms of T. cruzi but is the first time that the activity against infective forms is showed, which leading to further studies with in vivo tests.

Background The ongoing “coronavirus disease 19” (COVID-19) pandemic has had a strong effect on the delivery of surgical care worldwide. Elective surgeries have been canceled or delayed in order to reallocate resources to the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Currently, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on bariatric and metabolic surgical practice remains unclear. Methods An internet-based online survey was performed among bariatric surgeons worldwide. The survey was sent to bariatric surgeons via the International Bariatric Club Facebook group and by electronic mail via the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and metabolic disorders (IFSO) secretariat to members of the associated national IFSO societies. Results One hundred sixty-nine (n = 169) bariatric surgeons participated in the survey. The majority of the respondents postponed preoperative upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopies, appointments in the outpatient clinic and bariatric operations. Most surgeons performed video calls for follow-up appointments instead of meeting the patients in the outpatient clinics. Laparoscopy was still the preferred treatment for surgical emergencies, but a trend towards conservative treatment of acute appendicitis and acute cholecystitis was shown. Rapid preoperative COVID-19 testing availability was poor; therefore, routine screening of emergency bariatric cases was not widely provided. A wide variance occurred regarding precautions and personal protection equipment among the participants. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic showed a strong impact on bariatric surgical practice regarding surgical and outpatient planning as well as personnel management. Coordinated effort from the national bariatric societies should focus on strict implementation of the current recommendations regarding precaution measures and personal protection equipment. Further studies should evaluate how this impact will evolve in the near future.

The genus Cecropia belongs to the Urticaceae family and has a wide diversity of species in several regions of South America. In folk medicine, they have many uses, such as hypoglycemic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and sedative. Species of the genus Cecropia, such as Cecropia pachystachya, Cecropia glaziovii, and Cecropia obtusifolia, have been the subject of several phytochemical studies, and the main isolated compounds were orientin, isoorientin, isovitexin, vitexin, as well as c-glycosylflavonoid compounds. These active compounds were characterized as responsible for the use of Cecropia plants in the treatment of inflammation and also as antimicrobial agents. This review aims to describe the main characteristics of the genus Cecropia, exploring the compounds responsible for the medicinal uses of these species and focusing on anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial uses.

Background The main side effect of long-term laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is the onset of severe gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gastric bypass conversion in controlling postsleeve GERD. Setting University Hospital and Private Hospital, France and Private Hospital, Italy. Methods This retrospective multicenter study included patients who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and suffered from postoperative GERD, who did not respond to medical treatment and were converted to laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. The study involved 2 French university hospitals, 4 French private centers, and an Italian public hospital. Results A total of 80 patients were reviewed. Treatment of a hiatal hernia was performed during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in 3 patients, while 19 patients were operated for hiatal hernia during conversion to bypass (P = .0004). Six months after surgery, 23 of 80 patients maintained reflux symptomatology with a daily frequency, for which continued proton pump inhibitor treatment was required. The persistence of GERD was significantly more frequent among patients with previous gastric banding (n = 19) compared with patients with no history of gastric banding (n = 4, P = .02). In other words, the likelihood of having poor clinical success from conversion of the sleeve to bypass because of intractable GERD was 3 times higher if the patient had a history of gastric banding (relative risk = 2.89, odds ratio = 3.69). Conclusion The results of this study show that, despite the conversion, the symptomatology of GERD does not always disappear, especially in patients with previous gastric banding.

Ozone was discovered over a hundred years ago and since then, it has been widely used in many areas, with the primary use as a disinfectant in various ways, but with applications in diverse conditions. More recently, the use of ozone has extended to other fronts, using it to treat different pathologies. Extensive studies have shown its effects, as well as the safety of its application in various modalities of use. Other studies showed its toxicity, which depends on the doses of use. Emerging evidence revealed that ozone also plays an important role in the wound healing and modulation of immune cells, describing the molecular pathways responsible for these actions and describing therapeutic actions in the treatment of wounds, pain, postoperative and infectious diseases. Ozone use has already been documented in different doses, forms of use and routes of application, depending on the clinical situation and an adaptation is necessary for a better result. Thus, this review summarizes the main clinical uses of ozone, presenting the molecular pathways responsible for its actions, as well as discussing the main routes of use, doses and, vehicles used in the clinic.

When restrictive surgery fails, conversion to more malabsorptive techniques is frequently proposed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the weight loss figures between Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) in patients who have already undergone Multiple Restrictive Procedures (MRP).All patients who underwent conversion of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) to RYGB or OAGB between 2010 and 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Only patients who had conversion for Weight Regain (WR) or Insufficient Weight Loss (IWL) after both Laparoscopic Gastric Banding (LGB) and LSG entered the study population. Finally, 44 patients underwent conversion to RYGB, and 24 patients to OAGB.Concerning Excess Weight Loss (%EWL) at 3, 6, 12, 24 postoperative months, the results for RYGB were 33.7%, 47.95%, 61.8%, 61.8%, while for OAGB were 38.3%, 51.9%, 63.75%, 79.45%. A significant difference was recorded in favor of OAGB at 3 (p=0.03) and 24 (p=0.046) postoperative months. % EWL at 24 months in the case of IWL was 57.8% for RYGB, while for OAGB was 72.7% (p=0.047). No significant difference was found considering patients with WR (80.9% and 80.5%; p= 0.999). Patients with better results at 24 months after surgery had a significantly longer time between sleeve and bypass than those with a lower % EWL.The results of the present study seem to show that both techniques give good results at 24 months in patients who have undergone MRP. However, OAGB shows overall better results, particularly in patients with IWL.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X221080090 for Education and training: Key solution to self-management and economic sustainability of waste pickers organisations by Carolina Ibelli-Bianco, Julia Paula Soprani Guimar��es, Luciana Harue Yamane and Renato Ribeiro Siman in Waste Management & Research

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-wmr-10.1177_0734242X221080090 for Education and training: Key solution to self-management and economic sustainability of waste pickers organisations by Carolina Ibelli-Bianco, Julia Paula Soprani Guimar��es, Luciana Harue Yamane and Renato Ribeiro Siman in Waste Management & Research

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-wmr-10.1177_0734242X221080090 for Education and training: Key solution to self-management and economic sustainability of waste pickers organisations by Carolina Ibelli-Bianco, Julia Paula Soprani Guimar��es, Luciana Harue Yamane and Renato Ribeiro Siman in Waste Management & Research

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-wmr-10.1177_0734242X221080090 for Education and training: Key solution to self-management and economic sustainability of waste pickers organisations by Carolina Ibelli-Bianco, Julia Paula Soprani Guimar��es, Luciana Harue Yamane and Renato Ribeiro Siman in Waste Management & Research

This study aims to explore the concept, benefits, challenges and activities related to Internationalization at Home (IaH), defined as the integration of international/intercultural dimensions into the formal/informal curriculum in domestic learning environments (Beelen & Jones, 2015), as an alternative for more inclusive activities in higher education, within the process of internationalization. The study also offers a review of studies carried out mainly in Brazil by a Brazilian research group. Considering the importance of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in current practices of education and international exchange, this study explores possibilities of approaches such as COIL (Collaborative Online International Learning), allied with the Intercomprehension approach (IA) to suggest the development of more multilingual and inclusive activities, which foster IaH as an alternative to current and hegemonic internationalization practices. The paper concludes with some suggestions for the incorporation of such approaches, assuming that IaH should be prioritized in the internationalization agenda once it caters for a larger audience and, as such, is more inclusive and democratic.

Dilute water solutions of sodium alginate are used in molecular cooking and the dairy industry as thickening and gelling agents and also as edible films. Typically, they are obtained from brown algae or seaweeds and form stable gels in the presence of calcium ions. Calcium alginate gels can be easily prepared in the form of small solid spheres by dropping, with a syringe or a pipette, the sodium alginate solution into a water bath of calcium ions (“direct method”). After rinsing the calcium alginate spheres, fully or just partially jellified, their external pH can be easily regulated using ordinary acid and/or basic solutions. The chapter describes in detail the various steps of the procedure adopted for the preparation of calcium alginate spheres and for detecting the diffusion of protonated water inside them by observing the colour change of a suitable pH indicator contained in the spheres.

Este trabalho trata-se de um estudo ecológico no qual foram extraídos dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS) sobre insuficiência cardíaca na cidade de Presidente Prudente e no Estado de São Paulo durante o período de 2016 a 2020. O objetivo central foi relacionar a insuficiência cardíaca com os fatores que podem influenciar na qualidade do serviço hospitalar de saúde e que favorecem o prognóstico do paciente. Os resultados apresentados que foram relevantes no estudo demonstraram que na cidade do interior paulista a taxa de mortalidade média foi inferior, o gasto médio por internação foi maior, o tempo médio de internação foi superior e o caráter de atendimento por urgência foi reduzido quando comparados a São Paulo. Diante disso, Presidente Prudente mostrou ter maior suporte e melhor aproveitamento do serviço de saúde e administração de seus gastos, atendendo as necessidades da população para essa patologia. This work is an ecological study in which data were extracted from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS) on heart failure in the city of Presidente Prudente and in the State of São Paulo during the period from 2016 to 2020 The main objective was to relate heart failure with the factors that can influence the quality of hospital health services and that favor the patient's prognosis. The results presented, which were relevant in the study, showed that in the city of São Paulo, the average mortality rate was lower, the average expense per hospitalization was higher, the average hospitalization time was higher, and the character of emergency care was reduced when compared to Sao Paulo. In view of this, Presidente Prudente showed to have greater support and better use of the health service and administration of its expenses, meeting the needs of the population for this pathology. Este trabajo es un estudio ecológico en el que se extrajeron datos del Sistema de Información Hospitalaria del Sistema Único de Salud (SIH/SUS) sobre insuficiencia cardíaca en la ciudad de Presidente Prudente y en el Estado de São Paulo durante el período de 2016 a 2020. El objetivo principal fue relacionar la insuficiencia cardiaca con los factores que pueden influir en la calidad de los servicios de salud hospitalarios y que favorecen el pronóstico del paciente. Os resultados apresentados que foram relevantes no estudo demonstraram que na cidade do interior paulista a taxa de mortalidade média foi inferior, o gasto médio por internação foi maior, o tempo médio de internação foi superior e o caráter de atendimento por urgência foi reduzido quando comparados a San Pablo. Ante ello, Presidente Prudente mostró mayor apoyo y mejor aprovechamiento del servicio de salud y administración de sus gastos, atendiendo las necesidades de la población por esta patología.

Os bisfosfonatos (BFs), como alendronato, risedronato, ibandronato e clodronato, são potentes drogas inibidoras de osteoclastos e são considerados a terapia de primeira escolha em doenças que afetam o metabolismo ósseo. Um efeito adverso significativo observado em pacientes em uso de BFs orais ou intravenosos que foram submetidos a procedimentos odontológicos invasivos, como a terapia com implantes, é a osteonecrose da mandíbula relacionada aos bisfosfonatos (OMRB), que é caracterizada clinicamente pela exposição dolorosa do osso na região maxilofacial. Nesse sentido, este estudo possui como objetivo revisar a literatura acerca do protocolo em cirurgias dento-alveolares em pacientes que fazem uso do medicamento bisfosfonatos, bem como descrever as manifestações clinicas da osteonecrose mandibular relacionada ao fármaco. Para a construção deste artigo foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados SciVerse Scopus, Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), U.S. National Library of Medicine (PUBMED) e ScienceDirect, com auxílio do gerenciador de referências Mendeley. Os artigos foram contemplados entre os anos de 2010 a 2022. A osteonecrose dos maxilares por bifosfonatos é uma consequência adversa incomum, mas potencialmente muito séria, da terapia medicamentosa para PB. Está principalmente associado ao uso de amino-bifosfonatos mais potentes por longos períodos de tempo. O evento antecedente mais comum ao desenvolvimento de lesões clínicas é o tratamento odontológico invasivo, sendo, portanto, particularmente importante que os profissionais de saúde bucal tenham uma compreensão de suas causas e manejo. A prevenção continua sendo o aspecto mais importante do manejo e começa no momento da primeira prescrição e deve continuar pelo resto da vida do paciente devido ao efeito duradouro desses medicamentos no osso.