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Pre-registration for an Experiment on financial scarcity and temporal discounting. We manipulate financial scarcity with the household task, where participants have to manage the finances of a household over several rounds. In this experiment, we design the experimental conditions in a way that the scarcity and abundance conditions end the experiment with a similar balance.

In this study, we aim to test the intergroup contact hypothesis in the context of social media (specifically: Twitter) combining survey data and data scraped from participants' Twitter accounts.

Empathy and schadenfreude are emotions that often lead to moral prosocial behaviors or harmful spiteful behaviors, respectively. An outstanding question is what motivates people’s feelings of empathy and schadenfreude towards people from different groups. Here we test two prominent motivators of emotions: personality and ideology. Previous work has found that people’s ideological orientations towards respecting traditionalism (RWA) and preferences about group-based hierarchy (SDO) can impact intergroup emotions. Further, low agreeableness, low openness to experiences, and high conscientiousness uniquely engender SDO and RWA. In the research presented here, we examine the relationship between personality, ideology, and emotions, arguing that SDO and RWA will predict reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude but towards different groups. SDO will predict reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards low-status groups while RWA will predicted reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards threatening groups. We further extend past work by investigating a third ideology (left-wing authoritarianism), exploring its relationship with personality and emotions.

Stout and Dasgupta (2011) found in three studies that exposure to generic masculine or what they termed “gender-exclusive language” led women to feel ostracized. More concretely, when women were exposed to language that included only male referents (e.g., “he,” “guys”), they felt more ostracized/less belonging than when exposed to gender-neutral (e.g., “one”) or gender-inclusive (e.g., “he or she”) language. The purpose of this work is to conduct a high-powered replication of this effect, using the methods of their Study 1.

This study was pre-registered before participant data collection began, but after research assistant coding began. The registration includes two documents: the pre-registration document containing methodological details and the content coding scheme.

This is an addendum to our initial pre-registration (“Pre-registration diversity dilution 1Oct2021.pdf”) after we have already collected data. The addendum document ("Pre-registration ADDENDUM diversity dilution 25Oct2021") contains extra analyses not included in the original pre-registration.

Pre-registration for an experiment on financial scarcity and temporal discounting. We manipulate financial scarcity with the household task, where participants have to manage the finances of a household over several rounds. In this experiment, we design the experimental conditions in a way that the scarcity and abundance conditions end the experiment with a similar balance. To do so, the scarcity condition receives a higher endowment than the abundance condition.

People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are often judged as less engaging, less likeable, and more awkward based on nonverbal behavior alone (Grossman, 2015; Marchena & Eigsti, 2010). Such first impressions can have a significant negative impact on social development and functional outcome for individuals with ASD. Recent studies have also found that individuals with ASD do not achieve the same level of nonverbal coordination in their interactions as typically-developed (TD) individuals (Georgescu et al., 2020; Wadge et al., 2019). This study investigates whether impression formation by TD participants differs between ASD and TD individuals and is influenced by non-verbal interpersonal synchrony.

Eating and drinking while distracted has been linked to higher subsequent consumption. We hypothesize that distracted consumption leads to a lower decrease in food approach motivation after the meal. This may lead people to consume more afterwards than they would have if they ate without distraction. This is studies in two experiments: In Experiment 1 distraction is manipulated by letting participants consume lunch once while distracted and once while doing no other activities and measuring food approach motivation before and after each meal. In Experiment 2 food approach motivation is measured before and after lunch and dinner on three days and participant indicated whether they were distracted after each meal. Food approach motivation is assessed using a mobile approach avoidance task (mAAT; Zech et al., 2020) with food and object images.

This is a pre-registration before data collection. Full pre-registration details are in the included PDF pre-registration file dated Jun 21, 2022. along with PDF of the Qualtrics questionnaire.

Pre-registration for an experiment on financial scarcity and temporal discounting. We manipulate financial scarcity with the household task, where participants have to manage the finances of a household over several rounds. In this experiment, we design the experimental conditions in a way that the scarcity and abundance conditions end the experiment with a similar balance. To do so, the scarcity condition receives a positive income shock. In this experiment, we administer the income shock after round 1.

Music is often used to “soothe the soul, ” and one important function of music listening has been emotion regulation. In comparing consumption trends across cultures, past research has shown that individuals in Western countries, with typically higher prevalence of high arousal negative emotions, tend to listen to similarly high arousal rhythmic (danceable) music to cathartically discharge those emotions. However, other studies have shown that Spotify's energy feature, a measure of the intensity-based arousal of a song, indicates the opposite effect: Energy was higher in songs in East Asian top-50 charts than in Western ones. Combining evidence from reanalyses of secondary data (Pilot Analyses 1 and 2), sentiment analyses of lyrics from the US and Singapore (Study 1; N = 87 songs), and an emotion induction experiment in Japan and the US (Study 2; N = 353 participants), we show that collectivistic, East Asian cultures generally prefer songs with higher energy levels, and energetic songs are robustly associated with anger downregulation, over sadness and anxiety downregulation. We speculate that energy, as an intensity-based musical arousal feature, may represent internalizing (control) regulation that one uses to “drown out” anger, which would be more prevalent in East Asian cultures due to sociocultural norms of emotion (non)expression. Conversely, this would be different from the externalizing regulation associated with rhythm-based musical arousal (i.e., danceability).

We document judicial leniency on defendant birthdays across 5 million decisions. French sentences are 1% fewer and 3% shorter. U.S. federal sentences are 33% shorter in the day component of sentences (the month component remains unaffected). New Orleans sentences are 15% shorter overall. No leniency appears on the days before or after a defendant’s birthday. Federal judges using deterrence language in opinions, are unaffected, isolating the judicial as opposed to defendant channel. The effect is doubled when judge and defendant share the same race. Our courtroom setting rules out many models of social preferences with reciprocity motives, but may be consistent with indirect reciprocity and guilt aversion based on the judge’s beliefs about the defendant’s reference point.

Purpose Many studies report about risk factors associated with adverse changes in mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic while few studies report about protective and buffering factors, especially in older adults. We present an observational study to assess protective and buffering factors against COVID-19 related adverse mental health changes in older adults. Methods 899 older adults (55 +) in the Netherlands were followed from 2018/19 to two pandemic time points (June–October 2020 and March–August 2021). Questionnaires included exposure to pandemic-related adversities (“COVID-19 exposure”), depressive and anxiety symptoms, loneliness, and pre-pandemic functioning. Linear regression analyses estimated main effects of COVID-19 exposure and protective factors on mental health changes; interaction effects were tested to identify buffering factors. Results Compared to pre-pandemic, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms and loneliness increased. A higher score on the COVID-19 adversity index was associated with stronger negative mental health changes. Main effects: internet use and high mastery decreased depressive symptoms; a larger network decreased anxiety symptoms; female gender, larger network size and praying decreased loneliness. COVID-19 vaccination buffered against COVID-19 exposure-induced anxiety and loneliness, a partner buffered against COVID-19 exposure induced loneliness. Conclusion Exposure to COVID-19 adversity had a cumulative negative impact on mental health. Improving coping, finding meaning, stimulating existing religious and spiritual resources, network interventions and stimulating internet use may enable older adults to maintain mental health during events with large societal impact, yet these factors appear protective regardless of exposure to specific adversities. COVID-19 vaccination had a positive effect on mental health.

Reigeluth, Christopher S. 2022. The Masculinity Workbook for Teens: Discover What Being a Guy Means to You. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications

Objective: Relational and emotional vulnerability represent essential problems among patients with personality disorder (PD). Group psychotherapy is a central component of evidence-based PD treatments. Generally, patient and therapist interrelationships predict improvement in therapy. However, although treatment of patients with PD is a more complex process, group processes are poorly elaborated in PD research. Documentation of the psychometric quality of group process measures in PD samples is an important precursor of such research. The Group Questionnaire—GQ is based on concepts of group cohesion and climate, empathy, and alliance and aims to capture the quality of member–member, member–group, and member–leader relationships in group therapy. A three latent factor structure (positive bond, positive work, and negative relationship) has generally been supported. This study aimed to perform a psychometric analysis of GQ administered in a clinical population of patients with PD. Method: The study included 369 patients with PDs attending group psychotherapy in 14 outpatient treatment units on a specialist mental health service level within the Norwegian Network of Personality Disorders in the period 2017–2020. Psychometric analyses included three latent factors and eight subfacets. Results: The three latent factors, positive bond, positive work, and negative relationship, were replicated. Psychometric integrity of the tripartite relationship structure—member–member, member–group, and member–leader, with eight subfacets, was supported. Conclusion: The GQ with three latent factors and eight subfacets can be recommended for future research and clinical practice in patient populations with PD.

Using a historical, autoethnographic approach in this article, we discuss six student-led cricket matches that we organized in Perth, Australia, from 1979 to 1981. From a Foucauldian perspective, we present these games as a student-led resistance against the normalizing and disciplinary processes of official school and youth cricket. The original scoresheets and match summaries exist both then and now only as subjugated knowledges. As these matches’ two captains, we attribute the positive atmosphere, which encouraged such creative initiatives, as being partly due to one class teacher's vision and ethos, which contrasted with the toxic hypermasculinity of the other men teachers. Through a look at our student-led cricket matches of 1979–1981, we recall memories of whiteness within a socially conservative and overall pro-British cultural context.