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Der Forschungsverbund „Schule macht stark“ unterstützt Schulen in sozialräumlich benachteiligter Lage. Das Inhaltscluster Schulentwicklung und Führung zielt auf den Ausbau von Kapazitäten organisationalen Lernens, u. a. durch die Etablierung einer ressourcenorientierten Schulkultur und den Ausbau der Führungskompetenzen von Schulleitungen. Entsprechende Ansätze sowie die Begleitung der Schulleitungen in Netzwerken werden im Kontext der Schulentwicklungsberatung vorgestellt und eingeordnet. (DIPF/Orig.) The research network “Schule macht stark” supports schools in socio-spatially disadvantaged areas. The topic cluster School Development and Leadership aims to support schools in building capacities for organizational learning, among other things by establishing a resource-oriented school culture and developing the leadership skills of school leaders. The approaches chosen for this as well as the support of school management in networks are presented and placed in the context of school improvement counselling. (DIPF/Orig.)

Background Many environmental factors are known to hinder breastfeeding, yet the role of the family living environment in this regard is still poorly understood. Objectives We used data from a large cohort to identify associations between neighborhood characteristics and breastfeeding behavior. Methods Our observational study included 11,038 children (0-2 years) from the Southwest Finland Birth Cohort. Participant information was obtained from the Medical Birth Register and municipal follow-up clinics. Neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, greenness, and population density were measured for a period of 5 years prior to childbirth within the residential neighborhood on a 250 x 250-m grid. Any breastfeeding and breastfeeding at 6 months were the primary outcomes. Binary logistic regression models were adjusted for maternal health and socioeconomic factors. Results Adjusted analyses suggest that mothers living in less populated areas were less likely to display any breastfeeding (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.36, 0.59) and breastfeeding at 6 months (OR: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.34, 0.40). Mothers living in highly disadvantaged neighborhoods were less likely to display any breastfeeding if the neighborhood was less populated (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.30, 0.95) but more likely to breastfeed at 6 months if the neighborhood was highly populated (OR: 3.74; 95% CI: 1.92, 7.29). Low greenness was associated with higher likelihood of any breastfeeding (OR: 3.82; 95% CI: 1.53, 9.55) and breastfeeding at 6 months (OR: 4.41; 95% CI: 3.44, 5). Conclusions Our results suggest that neighborhood characteristics are associated with breastfeeding behavior in Finland. Unravelling breastfeeding decisions linked to the living environment could help identify interventions that will allow the appropriate support for all mothers and infants across different environmental challenges.

Es gibt mehrere Ans��tze, unterschiedliche Anteile der Schulen als sozial benachteiligt zu bezeichnen. Diese gestatten es nicht, Ver��nderungen des Anteils der Schulen in sozial schwieriger Lage zu erfassen. Deshalb werden hier Daten der IQB-Erhebungen 2011 und 2016 verwendet, um nach dem Sozial- und Migrationsstatus der Sch��lerinnen und Sch��ler den Anteil der Grundschulen in sozial schwierigen Lagen im Zeitvergleich zu bestimmen. Deutlich wird ein erheblicher Anstieg des Anteils von Schulen in sozial schwierigen Lagen innerhalb von nur f��nf Jahren. Differenziert nach den Stadtstaaten sowie ost- und westdeutschen Fl��chenl��ndern werden Leistungsunterschiede und Unterschiede der innerschulischen Bedingungen zwischen Grundschulen in sozial schwierigen Lagen und sonstigen Grundschulen beschrieben. Grundschulen in sozial schwierigen Lagen sind auch hinsichtlich der innerschulischen Bedingungen benachteiligte Schulen. (DIPF/Orig.), There are different approaches to labelling different proportions of schools as being socially disadvantaged. These do not allow for assessing changes in the proportion of schools in socially difficult circumstances. Therefore, data from the IQB assessments 2011 and 2016 are used here to determine the proportion of primary schools in difficult circumstances relating to students��� social and immigrant status across time. A significant rise of schools in difficult circumstances is evident within only five years. Differentiated by the city states and federal states in Western and Eastern Germany, differences in achievement and variations of conditions within schools are described, i. e. primary schools in difficult circumstances versus other schools. Primary schools in socially difficult circumstances are also schools facing difficult within-school conditions. (DIPF/Orig.)

The question of why (or even when) the disadvantaged might be more or less supportive of existing social arrangements is a matter of debate amongst social and political psychologists (e.g., Passini, 2019; Jost, 2020, see also Rubin et al., 2022). Accordingly, for this Research Topic, we chose a title that was deliberately broad in scope, accommodating several aspects that included: (a) the drivers of system justification; (b) the socio-structural conditions that enhance or dampen system justification, (c) the ideological correlates of system support, and (d) the impact of system justification on wellbeing. Taken together, the contributions comprised in this Research Topic provide a comprehensive analysis of these four issues.

Although some research has focused on barriers to accessing cancer treatment among people who are socially disadvantaged, it is not entirely clear what, if anything, is being done to mitigate these barriers and improve access to care. There is an increasing need to design cancer treatment services and models of care that are flexible, tailored to meet the needs of patients, and innovative in reaching out to groups impacted by socioeconomic disadvantage. The purpose of this scoping review is to explore cancer treatment services and models of care designed to improve access to or receipt of cancer treatment among people who are socially disadvantaged.

Asylum seekers experience conditions of social disadvantage, poor labor market outcomes, and low-paid jobs. Therefore, vocational guidance and career counseling must function as a supportive social practice for asylum seekers giving voice to them and focusing on their strengths, such as courage. The present study examined the personal stories of courage of 71 asylum seekers who migrated to Italy. Results highlight situations characterized by undignified living conditions, dehumanizing transitions, and barriers imposed on future aspirations. These voices could become a significant starting point to consider asylum seekers’ future in the perspective of an inclusive and sustainable future.

Der Bericht geht der Frage nach, welche Wirkung die bedarfsorientierte Ressourcensteuerung als Ausgleich sozialräumlicher Bildungsdisparitäten an Schulen besitzt, und problematisiert sowohl den Mangel an empirischen Befunden als auch die fehlende Evaluation des Mitteleinsatzes. (DIPF/Orig.) This report examines the impact of needs-based school funding as a means of balancing socio-spatial educational disparities and problematizes both the lack of empirical findings and the lack of evaluation of the use of resources. (DIPF/Orig.)

Students with administrative care measures have historically faced difficulties in achieving school goals. The Covid-19 pandemic forced the declaration of a lockdown, which accelerated changes in the schools’ pedagogical actions. This investigation analyses the strategies used by the educational system to promote the academic inclusion of students who have an open protection file in the child welfare system within the context of Covid-19. Two different phases are compared: Phase 1) from the March lockdown to the end of the 2019/20 school year; Phase 2) The first six weeks of the beginning of the 2020/21 school year. Longitudinal follow-ups were carried out with adolescents in care with a sample of N = 10 (Phase 1) and N = 11 (Phase 2). Based on the grounded theory, information is supplemented by case studies through interviews with educational professionals, N = 14 (Phase 1) and N = 11 (Phase 2). The results indicate deficits of schools’ adaptability to the situation of the students suffering social exclusion and difficulties in monitoring when students do not attend school in person and do school activities at home. It is concluded that the design of the educational policy applied in the context of the pandemic does not take the social factor into account. (DIPF/Orig.)

Die Autorin rückt die Eltern als Bildungsparter*innen in den Fokus. Sie betrachtet dabei vor allem den Begriff der Anerkennung als mögliche Gelingensbedingung für die Zusammenarbeit von Lehrpersonen, Schüler*innen und deren Eltern, insbesondere im Kontext der sozialen Benachteiligung. (DIPF/Orig.)

This thesis focuses on the issue of support strategies used for socially disadvantaged Romani pupils in a selected primary school. In the theoretical part, it defines the basic concept of social disadvantage, the term socially disadvantaged pupil, and the reasons for educational failure due to social disadvantage. It introduces the fundamental manifestations of social disadvantage and the barriers it creates in the educational process. The thesis further specifies the issue of the Romani ethnicity, provides a brief history of the Roma people, describes the specifics of Romani families, the upbringing of children, and the position of individual family members. It then addresses the issue of Roma education and the support system. In the context of the thesis topic, it describes the support strategies used in the education of socially disadvantaged Romani pupils. The aim of the practical part was to find out how support for the education of social disadvantaged Romani pupils is implemented in a selected primary school. Using a semi- structured interview method, it was determined which support mechanisms the school uses and with what effect, as well as which support options are not used and why. The overall picture of support for the education of socially disadvantaged Romani pupils is further...

Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with greater risk of dementia. This has been theorised to reflect inequalities in cognitive reserve, healthcare access, lifestyle, and other health factors which may contribute to the clinical manifestation of dementia. We aimed to assess whether area deprivation in the United Kingdom was associated with greater risk or severity of the specific neurodegenerative diseases which lead to dementia in a multi-centre cohort with autopsy assessment. Participants underwent clinical assessment prior to brain tissue donation post-mortem. Each then underwent detailed, standardised neuropathological assessment. National area deprivation statistics were derived for each participant’s neighbourhood, for use as a predictor in binary and ordinal logistic models assessing the respective presence and severity of staging of key neuropathological changes, adjusting for theorised confounders. Individuals from among the 20% most deprived neighbourhoods in the United Kingdom had significantly higher neurofibrillary tangle and neuritic plaque staging, and increased risk of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. These findings were not explained by a greater risk of diabetes or hypertension, APOE genotype, alcohol misuse or tobacco smoking, sex, or age differences. A sensitivity analysis conditioning on baseline cognitive impairment did not meaningfully change the observed association. Socioeconomic disadvantage may contribute to dementia incidence through a greater severity of specific neuropathological changes (neurofibrillary tangles, neuritic plaques, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy), independent of other indirect influences. Mechanisms through which deprivation is associated with these require further exploration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40478-021-01301-8.

in English“That kind of mother”: Stigmatisation by the Russian child protection servicesHow does stigma influence the extent to which the child protection services in Russia undertake preventative work with vulnerable families in order to avoid taking the child out the family? Based on an analysis of previous research and my own fieldwork from St. Petersburg and Moscow, I note the gap between expectations towards vulnerable families, and their actual living conditions and potential for meeting these expectations. This gap results in a stigmatising categorisation of families who find themselves marginalised as neblagopolutsjnye – socially disadvantaged. Although Russia’s officially ‘family-oriented’ child protection system is expected to base its work on objective methods, stigmatisation influences the decisions of social workers, making the system risk-oriented in practice. This is due to little or inadequate specialised education among social workers, resulting in the strong presence of the human factor: subjective, non-professional evaluations are made. With scant intersectional cooperation among state actors, there is little space to counteract or modify subjective evaluations. Thus, stigmatisation serves to limit the extent to which vulnerable families in Russia receive help, thus creating and upholding ‘social orphanhood’.

Extract ----- Abstract The paper seeks to expand our knowledge on the importance of public academic support programmes (ASPs) in higher education (HE) in India, which extend supplementary instruction with the aim to improve academic performance and support academic efforts of students from the socially and economically disadvantaged groups (SEDGs). This paper shows that students from the most disadvantaged amongst the SEDGs, that is, those residing in rural areas and women who experience multiple barriers that compound the effects of their disadvantages, have taken advantage of supplementary instruction classes. These classes have allowed HEIs to account for students’ academic needs and challenges related to their socioeconomic disadvantages, that remain unmet in regular classrooms. By targeting educational resources to students who are most disadvantaged, these programmes compensate for the absence of parental support and recognises the underlying socio-economic obstacles of students from achieving academic success at college. Given the acknowledged role of higher education in providing economic and social benefits to individuals, the paper argues that oncampus state enabled ASPs targeting students from the SEDGs make HE in India more equitable and contribute in reducing social inequalities in the wider society. Keywords: academic support programmes, supplementary instruction, caste, socially and economically disadvantaged groups (SEDGs), India ----- Bibliography: Sabharwal, Nidhi S.: Extended Education at College in India: Advancing Equity Through the Extension of Public Academic Support Programmes for Students from the Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups, IJREE – International Journal for Research on Extended Education, Vol. 8, Issue 2-2020, pp. 156-172. https://doi.org/10.3224/ijree.v8i2.05 ----- Open Access License: This contribution is available in Open Access under the Creative Commons license CC BY 4.0 (Attribution 4.0 International) as of 18.10.2022. More information about the license and the terms of use can be found here .

This article chronicles the invisible crisis in the Canadian criminal justice system that has come to rely upon critically marginalized populations in the composition of who is punished, and who is deemed punishable. Drawing on auto-ethnography, intersectionality and discourse analysis, and case studies, this article makes visible this process, from suspicion to parole, the filters which move people with more privilege away from an increasingly permanent offender identity and move people with more marginality towards it. These filters are termed “intersectional filtering points”: their disparate impact emphasized to illustrate how disadvantaged people become offenders. Fundamental neoliberal logics show how this crisis persists invisibly: marginalized people who become offenders are, therefore, seen as archetypal risk groups whose characters require regulating, undermining the widely held notion of a criminal justice system which impartially responds to illegal acts.

The pilot study precedes a broader research aimed at identifying the effects on parenting and development of children between 0 and 3 years old (REC 2013/112 / EU), of an Italian policy against poverty. The goal is to describe the effects of introducing a specific parenting assessment tool (Roggman et al., 2013), in a participatory key, on socio-educational practices with vulnerable families with children aged 0 to 3. The results were obtained through semi-structured interviews with 19 professionals involved in a research-training-action experience. They indicate an improvement in observation skills and — the most significant — the creation of a new space for dialogue and reflection on parenting and children development. This latter reveals to be a scarcely addressed area in the context of policy interventions against poverty. Pedagogical, methodological and communicative challenges that emerge from the results are discussed.

Despite the public health implications of language difficulties associated with social disadvantage, there is a dearth of effectiveness studies investigating the effects of targeted speech and language programmes in this area.To determine the effects of a targeted selective community-based child language intervention programme (Happy Talk), which simultaneously engaged with parents and early childhood educators, in the Republic of Ireland.A mixed methods methodology was applied with quantitative outcome and qualitative process data collected. Effectiveness was examined using a quasi-experimental single blind study design comparing Happy Talk with 'usual care' across four preschools. Qualitative process data were also gathered to examine the acceptability and feasibility of the Happy Talk approach in practice, and to identify factors to improve the probability of successful wider implementation. Child language (PLS-5) and quality-of-life measures were administered pre- and immediately post- the 11-week intervention. Responsiveness was assessed as the parental outcome, and the oral language environment of preschools was measured using the Communication Supporting Classroom Observation Tool (CSCOT). Retrospective acceptability was analysed with reference to the theoretical framework of acceptability (v 2).Pre-/post-expressive and composite language scores were collected for 58 children, and receptive scores for 54 children. Multiple linear regression revealed significant intervention effects for comprehension and total language with large and moderate effect sizes, respectively (0.60 and 0.46 SD). No significant effect was shown for parental responsiveness. No effects were found for the preschool environment or children's quality of life. Preschool staff deemed the programme to be an acceptable method of enhancing children's speech and language skills and rated the intervention positively.The Happy Talk pilot effectiveness trial shows that comprehension can be improved (with a large effect) in preschool children from areas of social disadvantage, following an 11-week intervention, in which parents and preschool staff are simultaneously engaged. The ecological validity of the programme, as well as feasibility and acceptability to staff, make it a suitable programme to be delivered at scale.What is already known on the subject Up to 50% of children from socially disadvantaged areas enter preschool with speech and language difficulties. The majority of intervention studies are (1) researcher led; (2) efficacy trials carried out in ideal conditions; and (3) focus on working with parents or early childhood educators rather than engaging with both groups simultaneously. Many studies omit child language outcomes, and those that include them tend to show relatively modest effects for expressive language and negligible effects for receptive language. What this paper adds to existing knowledge This pilot study shows that the Happy Talk programme, which is embedded in the community and which simultaneously engages with parents and early childhood educators, is highly effective in improving children's receptive language skills. These findings are particularly important in the context of (1) the study taking place in real world conditions; and (2) the programme being designed and refined by speech and language therapy services, rather than one which is researcher led. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? Implementing an 11-week targeted selective community-based language intervention can result in a large positive effect on receptive language for children from areas of social disadvantage. The study findings highlight the importance of embedding intervention programmes in the community and of simultaneously engaging with parents and preschool staff.

Social factors have been linked to disease severity and mortality in COVID-19. These social factors are ethnicity, social disadvantage, age, gender and occupation. Pre-existing medical conditions have also been identified as an increasing risk. This paper explores the relationship between these social and biological factors using a syndemic frame of reference. The paper argues that although the associations have been very well documented, the mechanisms linking the social factors and disease outcomes are not well understood. An approach that seeks to find commensurability between the social and the biological, is suggested.

Background Researching access to health services, and ways to improve equity, frequently requires researchers to recruit people facing social disadvantage. Recruitment can be challenging, and there is limited high quality evidence to guide researchers. This paper describes experiences of recruiting 1068 participants facing social disadvantage for a randomised controlled trial of prescription charges, and provides evidence on the advantages and disadvantages of recruitment methods. Methods Those living in areas of higher social deprivation, taking medicines for diabetes, taking anti-psychotic medicines, or with COPD were eligible to participate in the study. Several strategies were trialled to meet recruitment targets. We initially attempted to recruit participants in person, and then switched to a phone-based system, eventually utilising a market research company to deal with incoming calls. We used a range of strategies to publicise the study, including pamphlets in pharmacies and medical centres, media (especially local newspapers) and social media. Results Enrolling people on the phone was cheaper on average than recruiting in person, but as we refined our approach over time, the cost of the latter dropped significantly. In person recruitment had many advantages, such as enhancing our understanding of potential participants’ concerns. Forty-nine percent of our participants are Māori, which we attribute to having Māori researchers on the team, recruiting in areas of high Māori population, team members’ existing links with Māori health providers, and engaging and working with Māori providers. Conclusions Recruiting people facing social disadvantage requires careful planning and flexible recruitment strategies. Support from organisations trusted by potential participants is essential. Registration The Free Meds study is registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12618001486213).

This rapid review will synthesise available evidence on the views of children, parents and school staff on the challenges faced by children with chronic health conditions and how schools currently or potentially could address these.

This project aims to determine the effectiveness of targeting a single capability such as parenting skills in a cost-effective way to prevent or reduce multiple risks associated with disadvantage and represents the first international population trial of a social intervention of this kind. The project will evaluate whether an integrated system for providing families with access to evidence-based parenting skills (the Triple P Positive Parenting Program System; TPS) has the potential to reduce risk factors associated with the intergenerational transmission of deep and persistent disadvantage (DPD) at a population level. The project will use quasi-experimental observational research design involving 33 socially disadvantaged communities within Queensland matched to similar communities within New South Wales who have not been exposed to the Triple P System.

The COVID-19 pandemic has both widened and exacerbated student equity issues in Australian higher education, just as it has increased economic and social disadvantage in the general population. This article identifies the immediate impacts of the pandemic on existing equity structures, mapping potential areas for research analysis and policy responses. Given the pervasive nature of COVID-19, it is proposed that a whole-of-system approach be used, and in addition to focusing on existing student equity categorisations, a holistic approach to understanding disadvantage over the university student life cycle is undertaken to ensure the response to this health crisis is both targeted and timely. The article identifies emerging repercussions of the pandemic that will drive long-term structural changes in Australian higher education, as well as the community and labour market. Based on these observations, the key challenges facing the student equity sector are identified and possible responses provided.

There is known to be considerable overlap among the victims and perpetrators of crime. However, the extent of this overlap early in life among children and young adolescents is not clear. We examined the sociodemographic profiles of young people who had early contact with police regarding a criminal incident as a person of interest, victim and/or witness, as well as the patterns of multiple police contact types from birth to 13 years of age. Data were drawn from a longitudinal, population-based sample of 91,631 young people from New South Wales, Australia. Among the 10.6% (n = 9677) of young people who had contact with police, 14.4% (n = 1393) had contact as a person of interest and as a victim and/or witness on two or more separate occasions. The most common first contact type was as a victim/witness, but those children with a first contact as a person of interest were most likely to have at least one further contact. Young people with both types of police contact were younger at first police contact, were more likely to reside in a socioeconomically disadvantaged area, and to be recorded as having an Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander background. Our findings demonstrate that, by 13 years of age, 1 in 10 young people had been in early contact with police and that a minority have contact with the police as both a person of interest and a victim/witness. These young people may represent a particularly disadvantaged group in the community who are likely to be at risk of future adversity, including repeated contact with the criminal justice system.

This study addresses criminal convictions, social disadvantage and problem gambling as an interwoven set of problems. It makes use of data from a population-based gambling survey (n = 7,186) conducted in three Finnish regions. The survey data are combined with national registers to examine associations between sociodemographic factors and gambling severity, comparing persons with and without a criminal record. Gambling behavior included past-year (2016) gambling severity and perceived life-time problem gambling. Social disadvantage was assessed using sociodemographic factors such as education, employment status, level of income and receipt of basic social assistance. Logistic regression analysis showed that both past-year problem or pathological gambling (OR: 2.725) and perceived life-time gambling problems (OR: 2.363) were associated with having a conviction, compared to recreational gambling. Low education, unemployment, low income and receipt of basic social assistance were associated with receiving a conviction. When gender, age and sociodemographic factors were controlled for, odds ratios for both past-year gambling problems (OR: 1.223) and perceived life-time gambling problems (OR: 1.586) did not remain statistically significant. The current study suggests that preventive efforts against problem gambling and interventions in criminal justice systems should be expanded to incorporate the aim of reducing social disadvantage.

Background:\ud Children from Black and South Asian ethnic groups are at risk for childhood obesity in the UK. To inform local action for childhood obesity prevention, it is crucial to explore the basis of ethnic disparities and consider the perspectives of children. This study aimed to understand cultural and contextual factors influencing childhood obesity in an ethnically diverse population using child‐centred methodology.\ud \ud Methods:\ud ‘Draw, write and tell’ interviews were held with children aged 9‐10 years in Coventry, an urban, multi‐ethnic city in the UK. Data were analysed thematically using framework analysis.\ud \ud Results:\ud Twenty‐six children participated (85% from Black or Minority Ethnic Groups). Children’s perspectives revealed universal themes around health, diet, physical activity and weight and highlighted issues specific to ethnic groups and those living in deprived areas. An underlying feature was weight‐based stigmatisation and group stereotyping, and an emphasis on internal factors as the cause of obesity. Children described some experiences of social disadvantage, but did not regard these as a barrier to being physically active. Children identified cultural or religious practices or experiences of migration that influenced diet and physical activity.\ud \ud Conclusions:\ud These findings allow a broad range of children’s perspectives to inform future intervention design. In addition, the study was able to identify the many similarities and small amount of diversity in children’s perspectives across ethnic groups.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of sitting volleyball experience on the “image of persons with disabilities” of university students. At that time, “gender” and “experience of contact with persons with disabilities” were set as analysis viewpoints as well as before and after the practice. As a result, it was confirmed that the image of “social disadvantage” decreased before and after the practice, and the factors were that the evaluation of the ability of persons with disabilities increased through the sitting volleyball experience and the skill level required for the sitting volleyball experience was appropriate. On the other hand, it was concluded that the relationship between the change in “image of persons with disabilities” and “gender” and “experience of contact with persons with disabilities” does not affect the change in “image of persons with disabilities”. As the future tasks, this study indicated that the development of a program for “sports experience for persons with disabilities” that changes the image of “respect” and “compassion” and the analyzing the effect from the viewpoint of differences in skill levels and “contact with persons with disabilities”. It is also necessary to examine the effect of “sports experience for persons with disabilities” from the viewpoint of analysis based on the qualitative difference of “experience”.

Oral language skills underpin children’s educational success and enhance positive life outcomes. Yet, significant numbers of children struggle to develop competence in speaking and listening, especially those from areas of high economic deprivation. A tiered intervention model, graduating the level of provision in line with levels of need, has been posited as most appropriate for supporting children’s language development. The first tier, or universal provision, is characterised by high-quality, evidence-informed language teaching for all. To date, our understanding of effective universal language delivery remains limited, particularly in the primary-school age range. This systematic review addresses this gap by identifying and evaluating existing evidence with the aim of informing practice and future research. Following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, a systematic search protocol was used to identify experimental and quasi-experimental studies evaluating universal approaches designed to support children’s oracy skills. Thirty-one studies were identified for inclusion and their characteristics and findings are reported and their reliability evaluated. Studies provide indicative evidence for the effectiveness of interactive book reading, structured vocabulary programmes, manualised curricula and approaches involving speech and language therapists. The strengths and weaknesses of our current knowledge are outlined and implications for practice and research are discussed.

In recent years South Africa has had to deal with the problem of multiple disease burdens. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rising and emerging as the leading causes of death in the country. Ex...

Las desigualdades en salud comúnmente son evaluadas en una sola dimensión de análisis y poco se conoce sobre el efecto sumativo o multiplicativo cuando se combinan 2 o más dimensiones sociales; representando un desafío para la prevención y control de la Presión Arterial Elevada (PAE). Objetivo: analizar los factores involucrados en las desigualdades poblacionales de la prevalencia de PAE en el espacio inter seccional de los procesos de ventaja y desventaja social por referencia étnica y de género. Métodos: estudio observacional, de corte transversal con enfoque interseccional. Participaron sujetos mayores de 18 años con residencia permanente en Cochabamba (n=10595), seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio trietápico. Se utilizó la encuesta WHO-STEPS para recopilar información sobre PAE y factores de riesgo asociados. Se construyeron cuatro posiciones interseccionales por la combinación de género y etnicidad. La descomposición de Oaxaca-Blinder se aplicó para estimar las contribuciones de los factores explicativos de las desigualdades. Resultados: la prevalencia de PAE fue mayor en los hombres-mestizos (10,76%); la disparidad por referencia de género fue más importante entre mestizos (3,74%) e indígenas (3,11%); la disparidad interseccional entre grupos extremos (3,53%) fue mayor a la disparidad entre grupos medios (3,32%). La edad, el tipo de trabajo y estilos de vida, contribuyeron más para explicar estas diferencias. Conclusiones: la PAE no se distribuye según los patrones esperados de desventaja social en el espacio interseccional de etnicidad y género. Una alta ventaja social se relacionó con prevalencias más altas de PAE, así como los factores de riesgo de comportamiento asociados.

Fear of crime among older people has been a frequent topic in ageing research, criminology and urban studies. The ‘environmental docility hypothesis’ assumes that older people are more vulnerable to adverse neighbourhood conditions than younger age groups. Yet, few studies have tested this influential hypothesis using samples of respondents covering the complete adult lifespan. Looking at fear of crime, we investigated the person–environment interaction of age and neighbourhood disadvantage, using two independent surveys comprising 12,620 respondents aged 25–90 years residing in 435 neighbourhoods in four cities in Germany and Australia. We used multi-level analysis and cross-level interactions to model age-differential effects of neighbourhood disadvantage on fear. Contrary to the hypothesis, we found a weakening of neighbourhood effects on fear with age. The strong effect of neighbourhood disadvantage on fear of crime dropped by around half from the youngest (25 years) to the oldest age (90 years) in both countries. Younger people were almost as fearful as older people in the most disadvantaged neighbourhoods, but older people were considerably more fearful than younger ages in better-off neighbourhoods. We found limited empirical support for the assumption that this diminished association between neighbourhood disadvantage and fear can be explained by the stronger neighbourhood attachment of older people. The limitations of the analysis and potential future directions of research are discussed.

Dans des années 1980, après les changements politiques dans les pays d’Europe Centrale, de nombreux problèmes ont surgi dans la vie sociale, y compris dans le domaine de l’éducation. Découvrant des problèmes qui avaient été cachés pendant des années, la société était fortement motivée pour changer les choses. En matière d’éducation, plusieurs phénomènes sont devenus plus visibles. La stratégie éducative visait au changement. Mais quels changements, quelles orientations, comment créer au moins...

Die Autorinnen diskutieren das Stigmatisierungspotenzial des Begriffs "Brennpunktschule" kritisch schlagen vor, künftig den Begriff „Schulen in benachteiligten und benachteiligenden Quartieren“ zu verwenden, um u. a. auf die stigmatisierende Wirkung von Diskursen aufmerksam zu machen. (DIPF/Orig.)

Schulen in besonderen Lagen können mit qualitätsvollem Fachunterricht maßgeblich dazu beitragen, allen Lernenden – ungeachtet ihrer sozialen Herkunft – zum Bildungserfolg zu verhelfen. Allerdings gelingt der Ausgleich herkunftsbedingter Nachteile im deutschen Schulsystem empirisch nachweislich schlechter als in anderen Ländern mit vergleichbarer Sozialstruktur (OECD, 2016). Daher ist aus fachdidaktischer Perspektive zu fragen, welche Expertise Fachlehrkräfte benötigen, um herkunftsbedingte Nachteile nicht zu verstärken, sondern zu überwinden. Am Beispiel des Fachs Mathematik werden dazu einige Befunde vorgestellt und jeweils kurz die Konsequenzen für Aus- und Fortbildung skizziert. (DIPF/Orig.)

Zum 1. Januar 2019 trat das Gesetz zur „Weiterentwicklung der Qualität und zur Teilhabe in der Kindertagesbetreuung“ (KiQuTG) in Kraft, das unter der Bezeichnung „Gute-KiTa-Gesetz“ bekannt wurde. Im Beitrag wird die These vertreten, dass die durch dieses Gesetz bereitgestellten Mittel erstens gezielt und prioritär für die Verbesserung der Struktur-, Prozess- und Ergebnisqualität in Kindertageseinrichtungen genutzt werden sollten. Zweitens wird argumentiert, dass nur durch eine einrichtungs- und sozialraumbezogene Konzentration der Ressourcen wirksame Effekte hinsichtlich des Ausgleichs sozial bedingter Nachteile in Bezug auf Bildungs- und Teilhabechancen zu erwarten sind. Ein entsprechender Vorschlag wird am Beispiel Thüringen erläutert. Fördermodelle dieser Art sollten auch als Signal an den schulischen Bereich verstanden werden, da schon länger auf Effekte unterschiedlicher sozialräumlicher Ausgangslagen von Schulen hingewiesen wurde. (DIPF/Orig.), On 01.01.2019, the so-called „Further Development of Quality and Participation in Early Childhood Education and Care Act” (KiQuTG), known as “Good Day-Nursery Act”, came into effect. In this paper we support the position that the related state funding should primarily be used for improving the quality of structure, processes and out-comes of early childhood education and care. Furthermore, we argue that the consequences of social inequality (e.g., less educational and participatory opportunities) can only be effectively reduced by a funding model, which focusses on institutions with a high number of children living in disadvantaged circumstances or located in underprivileged areas. We explain our argument using Th uringia as an example. Such models can also be understood as signals for the school system, as effects of school’s social environment have been already pointed out for a long time. (DIPF/Orig.)

This article aims to examine alternative explanations of social disadvantage on the university-to-work transition experiences of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) students. ‘Becoming employable’ during the university-to-work transition is reflected in three ways: students’ cognition/patterns of thinking (i.e., perceived employability); affect/emotion (i.e., anxiety); and career-related behaviour (i.e., job search and networking). To understand how social disadvantage affects ‘becoming employable’, we examine three potential explanations: students’ social background, type of higher education institution attended and individual financial strain. A cross-sectional survey design targeted at final year students in two UK Higher Education Institutions provided 288 survey responses. Findings show support for an institutional explanation to ‘becoming employable’. The study contributes to our understanding of social disadvantage during preparation for labour market entry and the ‘employable graduate’ identity construction process. Practical recommendations focus on alleviating some of the pressures on socially disadvantaged students.

Die aktuelle Corona-Krise verschärft mit jedem Tag ohne Schule vor Ort bestehende soziale Ungleichheit. Dabei spielt auch die sogenannte Digitale Kluft eine Rolle. Entsprechende Erkenntnisse aus vorliegender Forschung unterstützen die Sorge der sich weitenden Bildungsschere. Wenn Schulen sukzessive wieder geöffnet werden, sollten Kinder und Jugendliche aus weniger privilegierten Milieus besonders berücksichtigt werden. Unter der Perspektive von Bildungsgerechtigkeit kann hier Bildungspolitik unseres Erachtens unkonventionell und schnell handeln, auch unter breiterer Einbindung von Lehramtsstudierenden. (DIPF/Orig.), The current corona crisis aggravates existing social inequality with every day without schooling on-site. Here the so-called digital divide also plays a crucial role. Corresponding findings from existing research reinforce the concern about the widening education gap. When schools are gradually reopening, children and young people from less privileged milieus should be given special consideration. From the perspective of educational justice, we believe that education policy can act unconventionally and quickly here, also with the broader involvement of teacher training students. (DIPF/Orig.)

Purpose This study analyzes the pathways leading to violent offending. We examine whether the lethality of a violent crime could be predicted based on individuals' prior history of violent crime and income, and whether the trajectories of lethal offenders are distinguishable from the pathways of non-lethal offenders. Methods We use a sample of police-reported violent crimes committed in Finland in 2010–2011 (N = 26,303) and contrast the pathways to homicide with the trajectories leading to petty assault, assault, aggravated assault, and attempted homicide. Group-based trajectory modeling is applied for identifying individuals with similar trajectories, and multilevel modeling is used for estimating the mean trajectories for offenders of differing severity. Results Results indicate that homicide offenders display a clear escalation in the frequency of violent offending and a slight decrease in income prior to the offense, but the pathways to homicide largely resemble the pathways to aggravated assault and attempted homicide. Conclusions The lethality of violent offending cannot be predicted from the offender's crime and income. The greatest divide in the violence severity continuum is between offenders of assaults and offenders of aggravated assaults, with the latter group largely resembling offenders of completed and attempted homicides.

Background and objectives Understanding disparities in child health-related quality of life (HRQoL) may reveal opportunities for targeted improvement. This study examined associations between social disadvantage, access to care, and child physical functioning before and after hospitalization for acute respiratory illness. Methods From July 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016, children ages 8-16 years and/or caregivers of children 2 weeks to 16 years admitted to five tertiary care children's hospitals for three common respiratory illnesses completed a survey on admission and within 2 to 8 weeks after discharge. Survey items assessed social disadvantage (minority race/ ethnicity, limited English proficiency, low education, and low income), difficulty/delays accessing care, and baseline and follow-up HRQoL physical functioning using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL, range 0-100). We examined associations between these three variables at baseline and follow-up using multivariable, mixed-effects linear regression models with multiple imputation sensitivity analyses for missing data. Results A total of 1,325 patients and/or their caregivers completed both PedsQL assessments. Adjusted mean baseline PedsQL scores were significantly lower for patients with social disadvantage markers, compared with those of patients with none (78.7 for >3 markers versus 85.5 for no markers, difference -6.1 points (95% CI: -8.7, -3.5). The number of social disadvantage markers was not associated with mean follow-up PedsQL scores. Difficulty/delays accessing care were associated with lower PedsQL scores at both time points, but it was not a significant effect modifier between social disadvantage and PedsQL scores. Conclusions Having social disadvantage markers or difficulty/delays accessing care was associated with lower baseline physical functioning; however, differences were reduced after hospital discharge.

Objetivo. Realizar un ensayo teórico sobre la situación actual de la educación inclusiva y la participación de la familia en los centros educativos como garantía de derechos y justicia social. Metodología. La búsqueda bibliográfica se realizó en la base de datos Web of Science. Resultados y conclusión. La justicia social pone de manifiesto la importancia de los elementos clave en los acuerdos de cooperación entre familias y profesionales, siendo estos: competencia profesional, comunicación, respeto, compromiso, equidad y confianza unidos a un gran sentimiento de solidaridad. Se trata de un imperativo ético, político y jurídico que se concreta prioritariamente en el terreno de las políticas sociales y educativas. Hablar de inclusión es hablar de justicia y parece lógico que para construir una sociedad distributiva y honesta es necesario desarrollar modelos educativos de participación familiar que ayuden a erradicar situaciones de desventaja social. Objective. To carry out a theoretical review on the current situation of inclusive education and family participation in schools as a guarantee of rights and social justice. Methodology. The bibliographic search was carried out in the Web of Science database. Results and conclusion. Social justice highlights the importance of the key elements in cooperation agreements between families and professionals, including professional competence, communication, respect, commitment, equity and trust together with a great feeling of solidarity. It is an ethical, political and legal imperative that takes priority in the field of social and educational policies. To speak of inclusion is to speak of justice and, it seems logical that, to build a distributive and honest society, it is necessary to develop educational models of family participation that help eradicate situations of social disadvantage.

Digital fingerprints are increasingly used for patient care and treatment delivery, health system monitoring and evaluation, and maintaining data integrity during health research. Yet, no evidence exists about the use of fingerprinting technologies in maternal healthcare services in urban slum contexts, globally. The present study aimed to explore the recently delivered women’s willingness to give digital fingerprints to community health workers to access healthcare services in the urban slums of Bangladesh and identify the associated factors. Employing a two-stage cluster random sampling procedure, we chose 458 recently delivered women from eight randomly selected urban slums of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Chi-square tests were performed for descriptive analyses, and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the factors associated with willingness to provide fingerprints. Overall, 78% of the participants reported that they were willing to provide digital fingerprints if that eased access to healthcare services. After adjusting for potential confounders, the sex of the household head, family type, and household wealth status were significantly associated with the willingness to provide fingerprints to access healthcare services. The study highlighted the potentials of using fingerprints for making healthcare services accessible. Focus is needed for female-headed households, women from poor families, and engaging husbands and in-laws in mobile health programs.

Münster ; New York : Waxmann 2022, 292 S. - (Kompetenzmessungen im österreichischen Schulsystem: Analysen, Methoden & Perspektiven; 3), In diesem Band werden Folgerungen aus den Ergebnissen der Bildungsstandardüberprüfungen in Mathematik in der 8. Schulstufe (2012 und 2017) für den Unterricht aufgezeigt. Dazu werden die Daten anhand neuer Fragestellungen und Aspekte ausgewertet und anschließend fachdidaktisch für den praktischen Einsatz interpretiert. So sollen die Handelnden in der Aus-, Fort- und Weiterbildung für Lehrer/innen sowie in den Schulen motiviert werden, die vorgestellten Ergebnisse für den eigenen Unterricht zu nutzen. (DIPF/Orig.)

The bachelor thesis entitled The influence of socially disadvantaged family background for education of children focuses on the possibilities and access of these children to education. One of the most important factors in this area is the family, where the child was born and its attitude to education. There are specified parental duties, which according the law, are connected to education and also the importance of pre-school education. The thesis also deals with other factors, which influence the issue, such as economical situation of family, lack of quality accommodation or cultural, language or ethnical differences. The casuistries in the empirical part describe the chosen problems.

Der Beitrag widmet sich dem Thema Ungleichheit als einem multidimensionalen Phänomen unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Bildungsungleichheiten. Globale Ungleichheiten sind Teil der gegenwärtigen Polykrise, als Gerechtigkeitsfragen stellen sie eine wesentliche Herausforderung für sozial-ökologische Transformationsprozesse dar. (DIPF/Orig.) The article is dedicated to the topic of inequality as a multidimensional phenomenon with special consideration of educational inequalities. Global inequalities are part of the current polycrisis; as justice issues, they pose an essential challenge for socio-ecological transformation processes. (DIPF/Orig.)

Rahapelaaminen on suosittu ajanviete, jolla on ollut suomalaisessa kulttuurissa sangen vahva asema vuosikymmenten ajan. Sellaisenaan rahapelaaminen on valtaosalle pelaajista harmitonta toimintaa. Rahapelaaminen voi kuitenkin aiheuttaa haittoja paitsi pelaajalle itselleen, myös hänen läheisilleen, yhteisölle ja laajemmin ajateltuna koko yhteiskunnalle. Nämä haitat eivät ole staattisia, vaan vaihtelevat kestoltaan ja intensiteetiltään. Ne voivat vaikuttaa haitallisesti useisiin elämän eri osa-alueisiin, kuten talouteen, psyykkiseen ja emotionaaliseen kuormitukseen, ihmissuhteisiin, terveyteen, opiskeluun ja työelämään. Rahapelihaitat voivat olla luonteeltaan myös kulttuurisia ja ylisukupolvisia. Yhdeksi rahapelihaitaksi määritellään rahapeliongelmiin liittyvä rikollisuus. Rikollisuuden ehkäisy mainitaan myös Arpajaislaissa yhdeksi monopolijärjestelmän perusteeksi. Rahapeliongelmista kärsii tuoreimpien väestökyselyiden mukaan noin kolme prosenttia väestöstä. Rahapelikulutus jakautuu äärimmäisen epätasaisesti ja onkin arvioitu, että 2,5 prosenttia pelaajista on vastuussa noin puolesta kaikesta pelatusta rahasta. Aikaisemmissa tutkimuksissa on havaittu korkea yhteisesiintyvyys useiden muiden riippuvuuksien, mielenterveyden haasteiden, sosiaalisen huono-osaisuuden ja rahapeliongelmien kanssa. Rahapeliongelmien on lisäksi todettu olevan huomattavasti yleisempiä vankipopulaatioissa, verrattuna väestöön keskimäärin. Rahapelaaminen on aikaisemmissa tutkimuksissa tunnistettu kriminogeeniseksi tekijäksi. Ongelmapelaamiseen liittyvän rikollisuuden on todettu olevan viimeinen ratkaisu tilanteessa, jossa suuren rahapelikulutuksen aiheuttama taloudellinen paine on kasvanut liian suureksi. Suurin osa ongelmapelaamiseen liittyvästä rikollisuudesta onkin kansainvälisten tutkimusten mukaan tulojen hankkimiseen tähtäävää ja tapahtuu vasta, kun muut vaihtoehdot loppuvat. Suomessa rahapeliongelmien ja rikollisuuden välistä suhdetta ei tätä ennen ollut tutkittu. Tätä taustaa vasten tässä väitöskirjassa tutkitaan rahapeliongelmien ja rikollisuuden välisiä yhteyksiä suomalaisessa kontekstissa. Tutkimus toteutettiin tarkastelemalla: 1) poliisiasian tietojärjestelmästä rahapelaamiseen liittyvillä hakusanoilla löydettyä 55 epäiltyä rikosta ja näiden tapausten esitutkintamateriaaleja, 2) rahapelaamisensa kanssa ongelmia kokeville suunnatun Peli poikki -ohjelman seulontadataa (n=1573), 3) kahdessa vankilassa toteutetussa pilottikyselyssä kerättyä aineistoa (n=96) ja 4) Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitoksen keräämää rahapeliaiheista väestökyselydataa (n=7186), johon yhdistettiin sosiaaliseen tilanteeseen ja rikostuomioihin liittyviä muuttujia Tilastokeskuksen rekisteristä. Laadullisen dokumenttianalyysin kautta poliisin tietoon tulleista rikosepäilyistä tutkimuksessa pyrittiin ensimmäisessä osatutkimuksessa hahmottamaan rahapeliongelmien ja rikollisuuden välisiä mekanismeja. Toisessa osa-artikkelissa pyrittiin logistisen regressioanalyysin avulla löytämään rahapeliongelmiin liittyvää varastamista ja pelirahan huijaamista ennustavia taustamuuttujia avun piiriin hakeutuneiden rahapeliongelmia kokeneiden henkilöiden keskuudessa. Kolmannessa osatutkimuksessa toteutetun vankilapilotin tarkoituksena oli tutkia todennäköisten rahapeliongelmien prevalenssia vankipopulaatiossa, hyödyntäen lyhyttä, kolmen kysymyksen Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen -mittaria. Samalla kartoitettiin vankien tarpeita erilaisille rahapeliongelmiin liittyville tuen muodoille. Lopulta, neljännessä artikkelissa tarkasteltiin logististen regressiomallien kautta yleisempiä yhteyksiä rahapelaamisen vakavuuden, sosiaalisen huono-osaisuuden ja rikostuomioiden välillä väestötasolla. Poliisin tietojärjestelmästä rahapeliongelmiin liittyvillä hakusanoilla löydetyt rikosepäilyt olivat yleisimmin väkivallattomia omaisuusrikoksia, joiden tapahtumaympäristö oli epäillyn oma koti tai työpaikka. Laadullisen dokumenttianalyysin perusteella näiden tapausten taustalla oli tyypillisesti varsin vakavia taloudellisia ongelmia, erilaisia arjessa ilmeneviä mahdollisuuksia rikokseen ja yhteisesiintyviä elämänhallintaan vaikuttavia ongelmia, kuten masennusoireita, ihmissuhdeongelmia ja runsasta päihteidenkäyttöä. Itse rikokset luokiteltiin identiteettivarkauksiksi, käytettävissä olevien varojen luvattomaksi käytöksi ja väkivaltaisiksi purkauksiksi. Epäiltyjen rikosten motiivina oli rahapelaamisen jatkaminen, sen aiheuttamien rahallisten tappioiden kiinnikurominen ja rahapeliongelman laajuuden peittäminen lähimmäisiltä. Epäillyt kuvasivat jopa vuosia jatkunutta rahapeliongelman ja rikollisen toiminnan peittelyä läheisiltä ensimmäisen rikoksen jälkeen. Lopulta, kiinnijäämisen jälkeen monet epäillyt kertoivat kuulusteluissa helpotuksestaan sekä halustaan saada tukea rahapeliongelmiinsa. Peli poikki -ohjelmaan hakeutuneista henkilöistä 37.6% raportoi huijanneensa tai varastaneensa rahaa jatkaakseen rahapelaamistaan. Logistiset regressiomallit antoivat viitteitä siitä, että nuori ikä, matala tulotaso, matala koulutus, rahapeliongelman pitkä kesto, masennusoireet sekä toivoton kokemus omasta taloudellisesta tilanteesta olivat yhteydessä rahapelaamiseen liittyvään pelirahan varastamiseen ja huijaamiseen. Sukupuoli, rahapelaamisen aloittamisikä tai yhteisesiintyvä päihteidenkäyttö eivät tässä osatutkimuksessa olleet yhteydessä pelirahan varastamiseen tai huijaamiseen. Tutkituissa kahdessa vankilassa todennäköisen rahapeliongelman esiintyvyyden havaittiin olevan verrattain korkea. Tuomiota edeltävän 12 kuukauden ajanjaksolla mitattuna 16 % tutkimukseen osallistuneista vangeista oli todennäköinen rahapeliongelma. Vastaamista edeltävän 12 kuukauden aikajänteellä todennäköinen rahapeliongelma oli 15 % tutkimukseen osallistuneista vangeista. Kolmasosalla niistä kyselyyn vastanneista vangeista, jotka oli tuomittu omaisuus- tai talousrikoksesta tai ryöstöstä, havaittiin todennäköinen rahapeliongelma. Kaikista vastaajista neljännes raportoi halukkuudestaan saada tukea rahapeliongelmiin. Suosituimmaksi tukimuodoiksi osoittautuivat ryhmämuotoinen tuki ja henkilökohtainen keskustelu vankilan henkilökunnan kanssa. Rahapelikyselyyn vastanneista 2.1% oli saanut vähintään yhden ehdolliseen tai ehdottomaan vankilatuomioon tai yhdyskuntapalveluun johtaneen rikostuomion viiden edeltävän vuoden aikana. Rikostuomiot olivat yleisempiä (8.8%) henkilöillä, joilla oli rahapeliongelma tai -riippuvuus, verrattuna riskitasolla pelaaviin (3.5%), viihdepelaajiin (2.0%) ja heihin, jotka eivät pelaa ollenkaan (1.2%). Rahapeliongelman vakavuuden ja rikostuomioiden välistä yhteyttä tarkasteltiin logististen regressiomallien avulla. Malleissa, joihin otettiin mukaan sukupuoli, perustoimeentulotuen saaminen ja koulutus, rahapelaamisen vakavuuden ja rikostuomioiden välinen suhde muuttui tilastollisesti ei-merkitseväksi. Osatutkimuksen tulokset viittaavat siihen, että erityisesti perustoimeentulotuen saaminen on yhteydessä sekä rikostuomioihin että rahapelaamisen vakavuuteen. Tutkimuksen tuloksia keskustelutetaan paitsi Blaszczynskin ja Nowerin kehittämän rahapelaamisen polkumallin, myös keskeisten kriminologian teorioiden kanssa. Näistä rahapeliongelmien ja rikollisuuden välistä suhdetta pohditaan erityisesti Robert Agnew’n yleisen paineteorian ja Marcus Felsonin rutiiniaktiviteettiteorian valossa. Tämä väitöskirjatutkimus antaa viiteitä siitä, että rahapeliongelmiin liittyvän rikollisuuden ehkäisy edellyttää paitsi varhaista puuttumista rahapelaamisen tuottamaan tai sen pahentaamaan taloudelliseen kaaokseen, myös laaja-alaista psykososiaalista tukea kuormittavaan elämäntilanteeseen sosiaalisen huono- osaisuuden vähentämiseksi ja ehkäisemiseksi. Tutkimustulokset tukevat eettisesti kestävän rahapelipolitiikan, sosiaalipolitiikan ja kriminaalipolitiikan kytkemistä saumattomasti toisiinsa. While gambling is a harmless and popular pastime for most people, as a habitual activity it also has the potential to cause harm to the gamblers themselves and their affected others. These gambling harms are not static but vary in terms of intensity and duration. Such negative consequences can affect several different life-domains, and they may include financial problems, emotional distress, disrupted relationships, cultural harms, intergenerational harms, decrements in health, reduced performance at work or studies, or criminal behavior. Comorbidity between problem gambling, mental health problems, and other addictions as well as the connection between problem gambling and social disadvantage on various measures have been confirmed by previous studies. Problem gambling has been recognized as a criminogenic factor, and it is highly prevalent among incarcerated populations. Criminogenic problem gambling refers to a situation where problem gambling and the related financial distress escalate to criminal behavior, typically to income-generating crime such as fraud and embezzlement. Criminal harm has been suggested to be a late-stage gambling harm, which occurs together with long-standing and untreated problem gambling as gamblers run out of legal financial options. Furthermore, previous studies indicate that a more general association also exists between problem gambling and non-gambling related crime in a population level. Not only is the gambling participation rate very high in Finland, but gambling has also had an exceptional position in Finland’s culture, society, and everyday life for decades. At the same time, 2.5% of gamblers are estimated to account for 50% of the total gambling expenditure. The latest population survey indicates that the prevalence of problem gambling is about 3% of the population. The core regulative framework, the recently reformed Lotteries Act, underscores minimization and prevention of gambling-related economic, health-related, and social harms, including criminal activity. In this context, this dissertation addresses the connection between problem gambling and criminal behavior through 1) data derived from documents produced by the police on 55 problem gambling-related cases, 2) screening data (N = 1,573) from a national problem gambling support program, 3) pilot survey data (n = 96) collected at two Finnish prisons, and 4) gambling-related population survey data (n = 7,186) combined with register-based variables on convictions and social disadvantage. Through qualitative document analysis this study explores patterns and mechanisms of problem gambling-related crime reported to the police. Logistic regression is utilized to find predictors of problem gambling-related stealing and cheating among help-seeking problem gamblers. Furthermore, this study explores the prevalence of probable problem gambling (measured using the Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen), the need for support, and support preferences in prison environment. Finally, logistic regression models were run to explore the general association between problem gambling severity, socioeconomic disadvantage, and having a conviction. Most of the problem gambling-related cases found from the police information system were nonviolent property crimes that were committed at home or at the workplace. In most cases the events were preceded by severe financial problems, the emergence of suitable opportunities to commit a crime and coexisting issues of life-control, such as depression, relationship problems, and substance use. The criminal incidents were classified in three categories: identity theft, unauthorized access, and violent outburst. The crime aftermath consisted of the psychologically distressing process of hiding the trails and revival through getting caught. Reportedly, the main motivation for the crimes was to continue gambling, chase losses, or hide the extent of the individual’s problem gambling from their affected others. Consistent with previous literature, the results reveal that among help-seeking problem gamblers, being young and having low income and low education predicted gambling-related stealing and cheating. Furthermore, as expected, a long duration of gambling problems also predicted cheating and stealing. Depressive symptoms and having a negative perception on one’s financial situation were also associated to problem gambling-related stealing or cheating. Gender, starting age of gambling, and comorbid substance use were not found to be statistically significant predictors of criminogenic problem gambling. Overall, 37.6% of the screened attendees reported having cheated or stolen to fund their gambling. According to this study, the prevalence of probable problem gambling is relatively high among prisoners. Past-year pre-conviction prevalence of probable problem gambling was about 16% and past-year prevalence was 15%. One-third of the survey respondents who were sentenced for a property crime, financial crime, or robbery were probable problem gamblers. A majority of the participants who reported that their main crime was gambling-related scored as probable problem gamblers. Of all the respondents, one in four reported an interest in receiving problem gambling-related support. Group support was the most preferred type of support, followed by a personal conversation with a prison staff. Of the Gambling Harms Survey respondents, 2.1% had been convicted of at least one crime during the past five years and had received a prison sentence, community service, or probation order. Criminal convictions were more common among respondents with problem or pathological gambling (8.8%) compared to at-risk gambling respondents (3.5%), to recreational gamblers (2.0%), and to non-gamblers (1.2%). However, in the models with gender, receiving basic social assistance and education included the gambling variables did not remain statistically significant. The findings suggest that especially receiving basic social assistance is strongly associated with both gambling severity and having a conviction. The results of the study are further discussed with the pathways model by Blaszczynski and Nower, as well as with mainstream theories of criminology, especially with the general strain theory by Agnew and the routine activities theory by Felson. This study concludes that crime prevention requires early interventions for the financial chaos produced or worsened by problem gambling. A comprehensive selection of support for a variety of problems other than personal financial difficulties is needed to minimize the risk of problem gambling-related criminal activity. In addition, the study implies that social policy, ethically sustainable gambling policy, and criminal policy should be closely intertwined in the spirit of welfare state’s mission to reduce and to prevent social exclusion and social disadvantage.

Der Sammelband bringt interdisziplinär theoretische und empirische Erkenntnisse zu DisAbility und Migration in Bildungskontexten sowie Analysen der Intersektionalität von Behinderung, Migration und Religion in Bildung und Gesellschaft zusammen. Er sucht nach Vernetzungen der Anliegen der Migrationspädagogik, Disability-Studies und Religionspädagogik. Dabei werden Theoretisierungen über Zugehörigkeitsnarrative der Migrationsgesellschaft sowie Partizipationsmöglichkeiten in medizinisch-therapeutischen und pädagogischen Handlungsfeldern vollzogen. Zudem wird nach notwendigen Kompetenzen pädagogisch Handelnder gefragt. Ein besonderes Augenmerk richtet sich auf Forschungskontexte, die Subjektperspektiven von Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Behinderung sowie ihrer Eltern in den Blick nehmen. (DIPF/Orig.)

Warum soll frühkindliche Entwicklung gestärkt werden? Und wenn es notwendig ist, wer soll es leisten und wie kann es gelingen? Kinder sollen unabhängig von ihrer Herkunft ihr Recht auf Bildung verwirklichen. Der Schlüssel für mehr Bildungsgerechtigkeit liegt in einer integrierten durchgängigen Förderung im frühesten Kindesalter, insbesondere von Kindern aus sozioökonomisch und kulturell benachteiligten Familien. Verantwortlich für diese Aufgabe sind nicht allein Familien oder in der Kindertagesbetreuung tätige Fachkräfte, sondern vor allem auch Allianzen aus Fachpraxis, Wissenschaft, Verwaltung, Politik und Zivilgesellschaft. Dieser Band liefert in Beiträgen aus den verschiedenen Perspektiven neben wissenschaftlichen Begründungen anschauliche Beispiele. Er setzt damit Impulse für den weiteren Diskurs und Veränderungen im Sinne einer umfassenderen Förderung in der frühen Kindheit, die auf die bestmöglichen Entwicklungsbedingungen für alle Kinder ausgerichtet ist. (DIPF/Orig.)