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Most processing of the human diet occurs in the small intestine. Metabolites in the small intestine originate from host secretions, plus the ingested exposome1 and microbial transformations. Here we probe the spatiotemporal variation of upper intestinal luminal contents during routine daily digestion in 15 healthy male and female participants. For this, we use a non-invasive, ingestible sampling device to collect and analyse 274 intestinal samples and 60 corresponding stool homogenates by combining five mass spectrometry assays2,3 and 16S rRNA sequencing. We identify 1,909 metabolites, including sulfonolipids and fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFA) lipids. We observe that stool and intestinal metabolomes differ dramatically. Food metabolites display trends in dietary biomarkers, unexpected increases in dicarboxylic acids along the intestinal tract and a positive association between luminal keto acids and fruit intake. Diet-derived and microbially linked metabolites account for the largest inter-individual differences. Notably, two individuals who had taken antibiotics within 6 months before sampling show large variation in levels of bioactive FAHFAs and sulfonolipids and other microbially related metabolites. From inter-individual variation, we identify Blautia species as a candidate to be involved in FAHFA metabolism. In conclusion, non-invasive, in vivo sampling of the human small intestine and ascending colon under physiological conditions reveals links between diet, host and microbial metabolism.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel wireless localization technique that uses radiofrequency identification markers for small and deep lung lesions. Methods: Preliminary use of the device was retrospectively evaluated in 2 Japanese centers. Under general anesthesia, a marker was placed as close as possible to the tumor via computed tomography-guided bronchoscopy in a hybrid operation theater. Surgeons located the marker without lung palpation using a detection probe the tone of which changed to indicate the marker-probe distance. Efficacy was defined as functional marker placement (bronchoscopy time and marker position) and deep margin distance. Results: Twelve markers were placed for 11 lesions (mean size, 6.8±2.7mm) located at a mean depth from the pleura of 11.4±8.4mm (range=0-26.0mm). Of 12 markers, 7 markers (58.3%) were placed within 10mm from the lesion in 25.5±14.4minutes. For the 11 wedge resections, markers were placed at a mean distance of 6.7mm (range, 0-13.0mm) from the lesion and a mean distance of 14.4mm (range, 3.0-42.0mm) from the pleura. All markers were recovered without complications, and all tumors were resected with negative margins. For 5 lesions >10mm deep to the pleura (mean depth, 18.9±5.5mm; range, 11.0-26.0mm), the median depth of the surgical margin was 11.6±2.1mm (range, 9.0-14.0mm). Conclusions: Radiofrequency identification marking was safe and precisely localized small lung lesions, including their depth.

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract may be involved in systemic autoimmune diseases or may be the target of organ-specific autoimmunity. Autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) is a rare disorder characterized by severe and protracted diarrhea, weight loss from malabsorption and immune-mediated damage to the intestinal mucosa, generally occurring in infants and young children, only rarely in adult. The salient histopathologic features of AIE are most prominent in the small intestine: villous blunting, crypt hyperplasia, mononuclear cell inflammatory expansion of the lamina propria with intraepithelial lymphocytosis, crypt apoptosis and absence of Paneth cells, goblet cells or both. Esophagus, stomach and colon are frequently also involved. Anti-enterocyte antibodies are identified in the majority of cases, and their presence, even if variable, can help confirming the diagnosis. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the latest immunological advances in AIE, as well as to offer a practical approach for histological diagnosis for 'general' pathologist.

There are many different inhaler devices and medications on the market for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with over 230 drug-delivery system combinations available. However, despite the abundance of effective treatment options, the achieved disease control in clinical practice often remains unsatisfactory. In this context, a key determining factor is the match or mismatch of an inhalation device with the characteristics or needs of an individual patient. Indeed, to date, no ideal device exists that fits all patients, and a personalized approach needs to be considered. Several useful choice-guiding algorithms have been developed in the recent years to improve inhaler–patient matching, but a comprehensive tool that translates the multifactorial complexity of inhalation therapy into a user-friendly algorithm is still lacking. To address this, a multidisciplinary expert panel has developed an evidence-based practical treatment tool that allows a straightforward way of choosing the right inhaler for each patient. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-021-02034-9.

Background Small, dense low-density lipoprotein (sd-LDL) increases in type 2 diabetes patients and causes arteriosclerosis. Non–high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (non–HDL-C) is thought to be useful for predicting arteriosclerosis and sd-LDL elevation; however, there are no data about whether the triglyceride /low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/LDL-C) ratio is a valuable predictor for sd-LDL. Methods A total of 110 type 2 diabetes patients with hypertriglyceridemia were analyzed. No patients were treated with fibrates, but 47 patients were treated with statins. LDL-C was measured by the direct method. LDL-migration index (LDL-MI) using electrophoresis (polyacrylamide gel, PAG) was calculated, and a value ≥0.400 was determined to indicate an increase in sd-LDL. Simple regression analyses were carried out between LDL-MI and lipid markers. Receiver operating characteristic curves of lipid markers for predicting high LDL-MI were applied to determine the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off point. Results LDL-MI correlated negatively with LDL-C (P = 0.0027) and PAG LDL fraction (P P = 0.0002). The AUCs were 0.697 (0.507-0.887) for TG/LDL-C and 0.682 (0.500-0.863) for non–HDL-C in patients treated with statins. The optimal cut-off point for TG/LDL-C ratio for increased LDL-MI was 1.1 (molar ratio) regardless of statin treatment. The sensitivity and specificity of the TG/LDL-C ratio (90.0 and 93.9%, respectively) were higher than those of non–HDL-C (56.7 and 78.8%, respectively) in patients without statins. Conclusions The TG/LDL-C ratio is a reliable surrogate lipid marker of sd-LDL and superior to non–HDL-C in type 2 diabetes patients not treated with statins.

The enteric nervous system (ENS) consists of glial cells (EGCs) and neurons derived from neural crest precursors. EGCs retain capacity for large-scale neurogenesis in culture, and invivo lineage tracing has identified neurons derived from glial cells in response to inflammation. We thus hypothesize that EGCs possess a chromatin structure poised for neurogenesis. We use single-cell multiome sequencing to simultaneously assess transcription and chromatin accessibility in EGCs undergoing spontaneous neurogenesis in culture, as well as small intestine myenteric plexus EGCs. Cultured EGCs maintain open chromatin at genomic loci accessible in neurons, and neurogenesis from EGCs involves dynamic chromatin rearrangements with a net decrease in accessible chromatin. A subset of invivo EGCs, highly enriched within the myenteric ganglia and that persist into adulthood, have a gene expression program and chromatin state consistent with neurogenic potential. These results clarify the mechanisms underlying EGC potential for neuronal fate transition.

Fluorescence imitating brightfield imaging (FIBI) is a novel microscopy method that allows for real-time, nondestructive, slide-free tissue imaging of fresh, formalin-fixed, or paraffin-embedded tissue. The nondestructive nature of the technology permits tissue preservation for downstream analyses. The objective of this observational study was to assess the utility of FIBI compared with conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained histology slides in feline gastrointestinal histopathology. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded full-thickness small intestinal tissue specimens from 50 cases of feline chronic enteropathy were evaluated. The ability of FIBI to evaluate predetermined morphological features (epithelium, villi, crypts, lacteals, fibrosis, submucosa, and muscularis propria) and inflammatory cells was assessed on a 3-point scale (0 = FIBI cannot identify the feature; 1 = FIBI can identify the feature; 2 = FIBI can identify the feature with more certainty than H&E). H&E and FIBI images were also scored according to World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) Gastrointestinal Standardization Group guidelines. FIBI identified morphological features with similar or, in some cases, higher confidence compared with H&E images. The identification of inflammatory cells was less consistent. FIBI and H&E images showed an overall poor agreement with regard to the assigned WSAVA scores. While FIBI showed an equal or better ability to identify morphological features in intestinal biopsies, its ability to identify inflammatory cells is currently inferior compared with H&E-based imaging. Future studies on the utility of FIBI as a diagnostic tool for noninflammatory histopathologic lesions are warranted.

В статье рассматриваются налоговые режимы, рекомендованные для субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства в РФ. Обоснована актуальность налогообложения малого бизнеса, поскольку наблюдается отрицательная динамика развития малого предпринимательства в России, сокращается его доля в экономике. Изучены основные положения и характеристики специальных налоговых режимов, обоснованы критерии их применения, обозначены преимущества и недостатки для развития малого бизнеса России в современных условиях., The article considers tax regimes recommended for small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation. The relevance of small business taxation is justified, since there is a negative dynamics of small business development in Russia, its share in the economy is decreasing. The main provisions and characteristics of special tax regimes were studied, the criteria for their application were justified, advantages and disadvantages for the development of small businesses in Russia in modern conditions were identified., Вестник научной мысли, Выпуск 8 2023, Pages 89-92

В данной статье раскрываются перспективы развития методики формирования учетной политики. Исследованы проблемы, связанные с формированием учетной политики предприятия, также предложены пути их решений. Эффективность управления хозяйственной деятельностью предприятия и стратегия его развития на длительную перспективу зависит от умело сформированной учетной политики., This article reveals the prospects for the development of accounting policy methodology. The problems associated with the formation of accounting policies of the enterprise, also proposed ways to solve them. Efficiency of management of economic activity of the enterprise and strategy of its development in the long term depends on skillfully formed accounting policy., Вестник научной мысли, Выпуск 8 2023, Pages 35-41

The article presents information about the variability of qualitative and quantitative indicators of Sur-Karakol lambs of different ages in connection with the ethological characteristics of Karakol sheep.

Purpose This study aims to verify the influence of chief executive officer (CEO) cognitive trust and governmental support on marketing innovation. Additionally, it evaluated the influence of CEO cognitive trust on the marketing innovation of small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs). Design/methodology/approach The authors empirically assessed the impact of CEO cognitive trust on SMME marketing innovation. Furthermore, the authors examined the mediating effect of governmental support on this relationship. The authors then studied a sample of 1,770 SMMEs in China by applying partial least squares structural equation modeling. Findings The authors found that CEO cognitive trust was negatively associated with marketing innovation. Moreover, governmental support has a competitive mediating effect on this relationship. Thus, while governmental support is urgently needed to enhance the marketing innovation of SMMEs, CEO cognitive trust negatively impacts this relationship. Research limitations/implications This study empirically establishes the importance of CEO cognitive trust and governmental support as antecedents in SMME marketing innovation. This contributes to the knowledge base of the management field, adding to important streams in the wider business literature, such as marketing studies, leadership management, strategic management and innovation. While the model is parsimonious, the relationships it highlights are robust and can be generalized to other contexts. Practical implications Managers must not only have high levels of trust and authority but must also embody these characteristics rationally. Simultaneously, managers must actively establish a trusting relationship with the government, thereby improving their company’s ability to integrate government policy information while also actively seeking governmental support. These measures are helpful in enhancing the marketing innovation capabilities of SMMEs. Social implications SMMEs occupy an important position in all countries’ economies and their vitality directly determines the strength of the economy. Formulating reasonable marketing strategies will help enhance market competitiveness and promote the rapid development of SMMEs. Originality/value The literature on marketing innovation has paid little attention to CEO cognitive trust, while CEOs’ cognitive characteristics are an increasingly relevant antecedent in SMME marketing innovation. This study analyzed CEO cognitive trust as a possible antecedent of marketing innovation activities in SMMEs, with this influence path being evaluated. This study extends the current knowledge in this field by considering the effects of CEO cognitive trust on marketing innovation.

Актуальність Використання плазмових технологій на основі низькотемпературної плазми тліючого розряду має низку переваг перед традиційними методами хімічної обробки: можливість протікання процесу при малих температурах, відносно висока швидкість протікання за рахунок швидкого нагрівання до необхідної температури, можливість використання даного методу для обробки деталей складної форми. Серед останніх наукових досліджень є вивчення тліючого розряду для плоских поверхонь, для сфер, для циліндрів. Модель протікання тліючого розряду із неоднорідними поверхнями, а саме в тонких трубках, ще не було досліджено. З цієї причини дослідження є актуальним. Зв’язок роботи з науковими програмами, планами, темами кафедри Наукова тема 2415-n(стволи). Об’єкт дослідження Прилади для генерації тліючого розряду у газовому середовищі Предмет дослідження Двовимірні фізико-топологічні моделі тліючого розряду, конструктивні, технологічні та електрофізичні параметри цих моделей. Мета роботи Метою дослідження є подальший розвиток та оптимізація використання тліючого розряду у промисловості, а саме для азотування металів у тонких трубках. Методи дослідження Методи математичної фізики, фізико-топологічного моделювання і чисельного розрахунку для розробки та дослідження двовимірних фізико-топологічних моделей газорозрядних приладів для азотування тліючим розрядом. Відомості про обсяг роботи, кількість ілюстрацій, таблиць, додатків і літературних найменувань за переліком використаних. Кількість ілюстрацій: 22 Кількість таблиць: 1 Кількість літературних найменувань: 51. Мета індивідуального завдання, використані методи та отримані результати Метою індивідуального завдання є:1. Експериментально дослідити тліючий розряд для неоднорідних поверхонь. 2. Створити модель тліючого розряду для неоднорідних поверхонь у програмному середовищі COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS 3. Дослідити закон Геля для розвинених поверхонь катоду 4. На підставі проведеного дослідження запропонувати загальні рекомендації для використання результатів дослідження у науковій та/або практичній діяльності Висновок В процесі дослідження було опрацьовано експериментальні дані процесу тліючого розряду для неоднорідних поверхонь. Було досліджено та розраховано модель тліючого розряду для аргону при тисках 0,5-2 Торр. Опрацьована технологія створення тліючого розряду у вузьких трубках згідно державної теми 2415-n (стволи). Результати дослідження можуть бути використані у технології азотування металів. Topicality The use of plasma technologies based on low-temperature glow discharge plasma has a number of advantages over traditional methods of chemical processing: the possibility of the process proceeding at low temperatures, a relatively high flow rate due to rapid heating to the required temperature, the possibility of using this method for processing parts of a complex shape. Among the latest scientific research there is the study of glow discharge for flat surfaces, for spheres, for cylinders. The model of glow discharge flow with developed surfaces, namely in thin tubes, has not yet been investigated. For this reason, the research is relevant. Relationship of work with scientific programs, plans, themes cathedra Scientific topic 2415-n Object of research Devices for generating a glow discharge in gas. Subject of research Two-dimensional physical and topological models of glow discharge, design, technological and electrophysical parameters of these models. Purpose of work Further development and optimization of the use of glow discharge in industry, namely for nitriding metals in thin tubes. Research methods Methods of mathematical physics, physical and topological modeling and numerical calculation for the development and study of two-dimensional physical and topological models of gasdischarge devices for nitriding glow discharge. Information about the volume of the report, the number of illustrations, tables, applications and literary names in the list of used ones. Number of illustrations: 23 Number of tables: 1 Number of literary titles: 34 The purpose of the individual task, the methods used and the results obtained. 1. Experimentally investigate the glow discharge for developed surfaces. 2. Create a glow discharge model for developed surfaces in the COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS software environment. 3. Investigate Hehl's law for developed cathode surfaces4. On the basis of the conducted research, propose general recommendations for the use of research results in scientific and/or practical activities. Conclusion In the process of investigating experimental data of the process of glow discharge for nonhomogeneous surfaces was processed. The glow discharge model for argon at pressures of 0.5-2 Torr was studied and calculated. Technology for creating a glow discharge in narrow tubes according to state topic 2415-n (barrels) was processed . The research results can be used in metal nitriding technology.

Social media (SM) enables micro, small, and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) to improve brand awareness and to engage their audience, which can lead to referrals, repeat business, and increased sales. However, the existing literature offers limited insights into how the ability to leverage SM for commercial activities that are beyond transactions (relational social commerce capability) can affect performance outcomes for SMEs. Drawing on the existing literature and insights from in-depth interviews with six SME managers/owners, we developed a conceptual research model and examined it empirically by using a dataset collected from Slovenian SMEs. This study identifies relational social commerce capability and competitive advantage as important mediators when exploring the impact of SM use on business performance. More specifically, the findings reveal the mediating role of relational social commerce capability between SM use and competitive advantage, while SM use was not found to have a direct impact on competitive advantage. Furthermore, the findings illustrate business performance as a result of the competitive advantage derived from relational s-commerce capability.

Banco de Cape Verde (BCV) is the Central Bank of the Republic of Cape Verde. Its mission is to ensure macro-financial stability for sustainable and inclusive economic growth and social development. Consequently, it supports micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) through microcredits disbursed through microfinance institutions. Interviews were conducted with microcredit stakeholders in the country and a qualitative analysis of the ecosystem was developed. A microcredit provision of one Cape Verdean institution and illustrated trends and evolution in fostering financial inclusion through microcredits disbursed in 2012 and 2019 were analysed. The result shows an increase in microcredits allocated to females and there is evidence of the diversification of the activities engaged by the recipients.

This study examines the emerging trend of management in small and medium-scale enterprises in Enugu state, South Eastern, Nigeria. Specifically, this study intends to: Examine the influence of managerial competency on the success of the small and medium-scale enterprise in Estate State. Assessing the impact of global managerial skill on the performance of the small and medium-scale enterprise in Enugu State. A survey of randomly selected Small and medium-scale enterprises in the three most industrially Local Governments (Enugu East, Enugu North and Enugu South) in Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria, was selected for the study. The study makes use of secondary data from the selected small and medium-scale enterprises. The Data were analyzed using Linear Regression Analysis. Pearson Correlation analysis was used as the main statistical tool of analysis. It was supported by descriptive statistics. Pearson Correlation was then used to test the two null hypotheses formulated for the study. linear regression analysis was used to compare the results obtained from the correlation analysis. The results reveal that managerial competency is significantly positive on the success of the small and medium-scale enterprise. at 0.848 while the sig-value is 0.001. while global managerial skill is significantly positive on the performance of the small and medium-scale enterprise.at 0.854 while the sig-value is 0.001. The result is also corroborated by the result of the R2 (0.733) and the Adjected R2 (0.656) that measure the goodness of the model fitness.

Government Regulation No. 46/2013 has not been optimal in providing legal compliance on taxation for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), especially in Yogyakarta. This policy was evaluated and amended with Government Regulation No. 23/2018. The amendment in tax policy for MSME actors was this research background to examine: First, how does the final income tax policy impact MSME taxpayers' compliance in Yogyakarta? Second, what are the legal compliance constraints of MSME taxpayers? The method used in this research was a juridical empirical, supported with the statute and conceptual approach. The results showed that the amendment in the final income tax tariff policy from 1% to 0.5%, as well as provide legal certainty of the timeframe of taxation had a positive impact on increasing taxpayer compliance. There was an increase in the number of taxpayers to 41,000 in 2019, or an increase of 15.5% compared to the number of taxpayers in 2017. However, tariff reduction has not been the answer to taxpayer non-compliance, the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Taxes of the Special Region of Yogyakarta still found tax avoidance. Tax compliance constraints were also caused by taxpayers' distrust of the government, poor tax morale, and tax knowledge. The government needs to conduct a cooperative compliance approach in taxation policies based on trust and dialogue between taxpayers and the government to improve MSME taxpayer compliance.Keywords: Tax Compliance; Final Income Tax Regulation; Micro; Small; Medium Enterprises.

This study is to examined the influence of risk aversion on the adoption and utilisation of self-insurance among Small Medium Enterprises (SME) owners in Lagos State. This study employed cross sectional class of survey research design. Three hundred and fifty SME owners were selected using Taro Yamane formula and the data obtained was analyzed using correlation and t-test inferential statistics. Questionnaires were administered through convenience sampling method. The result of the study revealed a significant relationship between risk aversion and self-insurance utilisation among SME owners in Lagos State. Additionally, the result of this study also revealed that there is no significant difference between preference for conventional insurance and self-insurance among Lagos State SME owners. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that conventional insurers should endeavour to develop products that address the actual needs of SMEs. It is also recommended that SME owners should be highly disposed to risk improvement measures as this would help to reduce the cost of market insurance and self-insurance even if both are taken up contemporaneously.

This study combines sociohistorical and linguistic insights to cast light on the nature and origin of Loíza Spanish (LS), an Afro-Hispanic vernacular spoken in Loíza, Puerto Rico by the descendants of the Africans brought to this region to work as slaves during the colonial period. The present work assesses the evolution of this variety and its implications for creole studies. In so doing, it challenges the posture that would picture certain contemporary features of LS and other Afro-Hispanic dialects as the traces of a previous creole stage (de Granda 1968 et seq.). Thus, this article contributes to the long-lasting Spanish Creole Debate (Lipski 2005) by providing new information on a so-far little-studied Afro-Puerto Rican vernacular.

The condition of Lake Zirahuén was evaluated before and after a significant algal bloom took place. The state of the lake was tracked using measurements of chlorophyll‐a concentration from a fluorometer attached to a conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) profiler and complemented with the use of satellite images from Sentinel‐2. It was found that the current state of the lake is in transition from an oligotrophic to a mesotrophic level with some evidence of deterioration, but still being considered as a clear lake. With the use of empirical algorithms to retrieve chlorophyll‐a from satellite data it was found that the images presented an acceptable feasibility (R 2 = 0.64). The observed algal bloom was detected one month before the algae reached its major extent, being the reflectiveness of the green band a good indicator of the onset of the algal bloom event. Favorable conditions for the algal bloom were also recorded two months before its major extend through a chain of thermistors. Practitioner Points The trophic state of Lake Zirahuén was evaluated before and after a significant algal bloom took place.The lake is classified as being in transition from oligotrophic to mesotrophic. Nonetheless, it continues to have good clarity.Satellite images improve in the description of the spatial‐temporal variability of the lake. In particular, the green band reflectiveness., The presence and detection of an algal bloom event.

Lending is a main instrument of bank institutions’ influence on the development of economy and its subjects. The aim of the paper is to analyze the condition of entrepreneurial subjects lending by the bank system, especially agrarian enterprises, and separation of main restraining factors of its development. During 2017-2020 there is observed an essential reduction of volumes of medium-term and long-term credits, given to entrepreneurial subjects. The use of short-term credits for less than 1 year, the most specific weight (80.5 %) of which is possessed by microentrepreneurial subjects with annual income less than 50 thousand euro, prevails. It has been established, that high cost of credit resources, absence of correspondent guarantee and insufficient competitiveness of most entrepreneurial subjects prevent the development of credit relations for all participants (borrowers, creditors and state). Agricultural economy that produces more than 12 % of GDP and provides more than 40 % of Ukrainian currency receipts, demonstrates positive financial results of activity, is really underfinanced at the expanse of bank credits. A share of credits, directed to the agrarian sector during last years, is essentially less than the contribution of the branch in the gross added value formation in the country. A bank credit policy, acceptable for all entrepreneurial subjects and directed on credit cost decrease and long-term lending increase, is necessary. Studies of the influence of arrangements in the AIC by reduction of credit prices on effective indices (pure profit of agrarian enterprises) has testified a close connection (R=0,9803), comparing with other factors, that is why the practice of using the preferential lending mechanism must be continued, but by stable, not continuously changing approaches and by direct state support of just small and medium entrepreneurial subjects, which are most limited in access to credit resources of bank institutions.

The aim of this multicentric study was to assess the impacts of oxidative stress, inflammation, and the presence of small, dense, low-density lipoproteins (sdLDL) on the antioxidative function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses and the distribution of paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity within HDL in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). In 69 STEMI patients and 67 healthy control subjects, the lipoproteins’ subclasses were separated using polyacrylamide gradient (3–31%) gel electrophoresis. The relative proportion of sdLDL and each HDL subclass was evaluated by measuring the areas under the peaks of densitometric scans. The distribution of the relative proportion of PON1 activity within the HDL subclasses (pPON1 within HDL) was estimated using the zymogram method. The STEMI patients had significantly lower proportions of HDL2a and HDL3a subclasses (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) and lower pPON1 within HDL3b (p = 0.006), as well as higher proportions of HDL3b and HDL3c subclasses (p = 0.013 and p < 0.001, respectively) and higher pPON1 within HDL2 than the controls. Independent positive associations between sdLDL and pPON1 within HDL3a and between malondialdehyde (MDA) and pPON1 within HDL2b were shown in the STEMI group. The increased oxidative stress and increased proportion of sdLDL in STEMI are closely related to the compromised antioxidative function of small HDL3 particles and the altered pPON1 within HDL.

Background Pemafibrate, a selective PPARα modulator, has the beneficial effects on serum triglycerides (TGs) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), especially in patients with diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome. However, its effect on the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels is still undefined. LDL-C increased in some cases together with a decrease in TGs, and the profile of lipids, especially LDL-C, during pemafibrate administration was evaluated. Methods Pemafibrate was administered to type 2 diabetes patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Fifty-one type 2 diabetes patients (mean age 62 ± 13 years) with a high rate of hypertension and no renal insufficiency were analyzed. Pemafibrate 0.2 mg (0.1 mg twice daily) was administered, and serum lipids were monitored every 4–8 weeks from 8 weeks before administration to 24 weeks after administration. LDL-C was measured by the direct method. Lipoprotein fractions were measured by electrophoresis (polyacrylamide gel, PAG), and LDL-migration index (LDL-MI) was calculated to estimate small, dense LDL. Results Pemafibrate reduced serum TGs, midband and VLDL fractions by PAG. Pemafibrate increased LDL-C levels from baseline by 5.3% (− 3.8–19.1, IQR). Patients were divided into 2 groups: LDL-C increase of > 5.3% (group I, n = 25) and < 5.3% (group NI, n = 26) after pemafibrate. Compared to group NI, group I had lower LDL-C (2.53 [1.96–3.26] vs. 3.36 [3.05–3.72] mmol/L, P = 0.0009), higher TGs (3.71 [2.62–6.69] vs. 3.25 [2.64–3.80] mmol/L), lower LDL by PAG (34.2 [14.5, SD] vs. 46.4% [6.5], P = 0.0011), higher VLDL by PAG (28.2 [10.8] vs. 22.0% [5.2], P = 0.0234), and higher LDL-MI (0.421 [0.391–0.450] vs. 0.354 [0.341–0.396], P Conclusions Pemafibrate significantly reduced TGs, VLDL, midband, and small, dense LDL, but increased LDL-C in diabetes patients with higher baseline TGs and lower baseline LDL-C. Even if pre-dose LDL-C remains in the normal range, pemafibrate improves LDL composition and may reduce cardiovascular disease risk.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to identify the role of market dynamism in the relationship between market orientation and the performance of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) operating in technology parks (TPs) in Poland. Methodology: The two methods used for performing the quantitative empirical research are CAWI and PAPI. The research sample included MSMEs operating in technology parks in Poland. The article is the answer to the needs for systematic research of models between market orientation and firm performance. Findings: The research findings provide an insight into the level of market orientation and performance of the analyzed MSMEs operating in technology parks in Poland. It was found that MSMEs in the research sample were not a homogeneous group in this respect. It has been proven that market orientation is a significant stimulant of firm performance, while market dynamism has not been classified as a moderator of the market orientation–firm performance relationship. Implications for theory and practice: This study contributes to strategic management by identifying the key role of market orientation for enterprises wishing to benefit from this type of strategic orientation. The important role of the predictor – market orientation in shaping the results of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises operating at TPs in Poland has been proven. In practice, this means that increasing the level of market orientation is conducive to increasing positively assessed financial performance. Originality and value: Our research carried out at MSMEs operating in technology parks in Poland enriches and supplements knowledge about market orientation as a phenomenon of universal character because it also applies to smaller sized business organizations.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of knowledge management (KM) initiatives in small, medium, and large enterprises operating in Ukraine, and to highlight the specific characteristics of KM policies, as well as the scope and intensity of KM tools application in these categories. In particular, the study focused on the consistency between the awareness of knowledge/KM importance and KM policies, and the scope and intensity of the application of both human-centered tools and information communication technology (ICT) tools. METHODOLOGY: The concept of the study was developed on the basis of an integrative socio-technical perspective. The empirical data were obtained through a questionnaire survey among 90 managers of small, medium, and large Ukrainian enterprises and were analyzed statistically. FINDINGS: Both common and distinctive characteristics of these categories in terms of KM were highlighted. Although all enterprises, regardless of their size, showed a high awareness of knowledge/KM importance for their business, significant distinctions between small and large enterprises were found with regard to their KM policies, the scope of advanced KM tools application, and the intensity of some traditional and advanced KM tools application. In all cases, large enterprises showed higher levels of these characteristics compared to small enterprises, whereas medium enterprises were more similar to large enterprises. In contrast to the common view on SMEs as a homogeneous sector in terms of KM, the study shows its heterogeneity in terms of KM initiatives. According to a number of indicators studied, significant differences were observed between small and large enterprises, whereas the distinctions between medium and large enterprises were much less obvious. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: The theoretical contribution of this study was the provision of SMEs sector heterogeneity evidence based on a number of KМ characteristics. This finding allows us to deepen our knowledge of conceptual differences in KM approaches, applied by different enterprise categories. From a practical perspective, an enterprise size should be taken into account while designing specific KM policies, programs and tools to meet enterprises’ needs to a greater extent. The larger the enterprise is, the more structured, deliberate, and conscious the KM approach that should be applied is. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: No empirical research that addresses the comparative analysis of KM initiatives in small, medium, and large enterprises operating in Ukraine, as well as in other transition economies of post-Soviet states, has been previously performed, and this study fills the gap.

Prosthesis–patient mismatch (PPM) is associated with worse outcomes following surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR). PPM has been identified in a significant proportion of TAVR, particularly in patients with small aortic annuli. Our objective was to evaluate the hemodynamic performances of balloon-expandable (BE) (Sapiens 3TM) versus two different self-expandable (SE) (Evolut ProTM, Accurate NeoTM) TAVR devices in patients with small aortic annulus defined by a computed tomography aortic annulus area (AAA) between 330 and 440 mm2. We enrolled 131 consecutive patients corresponding to 76 Sapiens 3 23 mm (58.0%), 26 Evolut Pro (19.9%) and 29 Accurate Neo (22.1%). Mean age was 82.5 ± 7.06 years, 22.9% of patients were male and mean Euroscore was 4.0%. Mean AAA was 374 ± 27 mm2 for Sapiens 3, 383 ± 29 mm2 for Corevalve Evolut Pro and 389 ± 25 mm2 for Accurate Neo. BE devices were associated with significantly higher rates of PPM (39.5%) as compared to SE devices (15.4% for Corevalve Evolut Pro and 6.9% for Accurate Neo) (p < 0.0001). Paravalvular leaks ≥ 2/4 were more often observed in SE devices (15.4% for Corevalve Evolut Pro and 17.2% for Accurate Neo) than in BE devices (2.6%) (p = 0.007). In conclusion, SE TAVR devices did achieve better hemodynamic results despite higher rates of paravalvular leaks. Therefore, SE TAVI devices could be considered as first choice in small aortic anatomy.

SLC19A2 and SLC19A3, also known as thiamine transporters (THTR) 1 and 2, respectively, transport the positively charged thiamine (vitamin B1) into cells to enable its efficient utilization. SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 are also known to transport structurally unrelated cationic drugs, such as metformin, but whether this charge selectivity extends to other molecules, such as pyridoxine (vitamin B6), is unknown. We tested this possibility using Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) cells and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells for transfection experiments, and also using Caco-2 cells as human intestinal epithelial model cells. The stable expression of SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 in MDCKII cells (as well as their transient expression in HEK293 cells) led to a significant induction in pyridoxine uptake at pH 5.5 compared with control cells. The induced uptake was pH-dependent, favoring acidic conditions over neutral to basic conditions, and protonophore-sensitive. It was saturable as a function of pyridoxine concentration, with an apparent K(m) of 37.8 and 18.5 μm, for SLC19A2 and SLC19A3, respectively, and inhibited by the pyridoxine analogs pyridoxal and pyridoxamine as well as thiamine. We also found that silencing the endogenous SLC19A3, but not SLC19A2, of Caco-2 cells with gene-specific siRNAs lead to a significant reduction in carrier-mediated pyridoxine uptake. These results show that SLC19A2 and SLC19A3 are capable of recognizing/transporting pyridoxine, favoring acidic conditions for operation, and suggest a possible role for these transporters in pyridoxine transport mainly in tissues with an acidic environment like the small intestine, which has an acidic surface microclimate.

AimsPrevious estimates of the prevalence of mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency and Lynch syndrome in small bowel cancer have varied widely. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of MMR deficiency and Lynch syndrome in a large group of small bowel adenocarcinomas.MethodsTo this end, a total of 400 small bowel adenocarcinomas (332 resections, 68 biopsies) were collected through the Dutch nationwide registry of histopathology and cytopathology (Pathologisch-Anatomisch Landelijk Geautomatiseerd Archief (PALGA)). No preselection criteria, such as family history, were applied, thus avoiding (ascertainment) bias. MMR deficiency status was determined by immunohistochemical staining of MMR proteins, supplemented by MLH1 promoter hypermethylation analysis and next generation sequencing of the MMR genes.ResultsMMR deficiency was observed in 22.3% of resected and 4.4% of biopsied small bowel carcinomas. Prevalence of Lynch syndrome was 6.2% in resections and 0.0% in biopsy samples. Patients with Lynch syndrome-associated small bowel cancer were significantly younger at the time of diagnosis than patients with MMR-proficient and sporadic MMR-deficient cancers (mean age of 54.6 years vs 66.6 years and 68.8 years, respectively, pConclusionsThe prevalence of MMR deficiency and Lynch syndrome in resected small bowel adenocarcinomas is at least comparable to prevalence in colorectal cancers, a finding relevant both for treatment (immunotherapy) and family management. We recommend that all small bowel adenocarcinomas should be screened for MMR deficiency.

Per capita fructose consumption has increased 100-fold over the last century1. Epidemiological studies suggest that excessive fructose consumption, and especially consumption of sweet drinks, is associated with hyperlipidaemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity and diabetes2–7. Fructose metabolism begins with its phosphorylation by the enzyme ketohexokinase (KHK), which exists in two alternatively spliced forms8. The more active isozyme, KHK-C, is expressed most strongly in the liver, but also substantially in the small intestine9,10 where it drives dietary fructose absorption and conversion into other metabolites before fructose reaches the liver11–13. It is unclear whether intestinal fructose metabolism prevents or contributes to fructose-induced lipogenesis and liver pathology. Here we show that intestinal fructose catabolism mitigates fructose-induced hepatic lipogenesis. In mice, intestine-specific KHK-C deletion increases dietary fructose transit to the liver and gut microbiota and sensitizes mice to fructose’s hyperlipidaemic effects and hepatic steatosis. In contrast, intestine-specific KHK-C overexpression promotes intestinal fructose clearance and decreases fructose-induced lipogenesis. Thus, intestinal fructose clearance capacity controls the rate at which fructose can be safely ingested. Consistent with this, we show that the same amount of fructose is more strongly lipogenic when drunk than eaten, or when administered as a single gavage, as opposed to multiple doses spread over 45 min. Collectively, these data demonstrate that fructose induces lipogenesis when its dietary intake rate exceeds the intestinal clearance capacity. In the modern context of ready food availability, the resulting fructose spillover drives metabolic syndrome. Slower fructose intake, tailored to intestinal capacity, can mitigate these consequences. Modulating the capacity of the intestinal epithelium to catabolize fructose is shown to alter fructose-induced lipogenesis in the mouse liver, suggesting that fructose clearance in the small intestine protects from steatosis.

This paper reports a case of a twisted small bowel obstruction in a 74-year-old man that occurred after a double tract reconstruction (DTR) in a laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (PG) for early gastric cancer. The patient had inadequate oral intake and reflux symptoms for 10 days after discharge. Imaging analysis revealed a narrowed small bowel with twists between the esophagojejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy sites. A fully covered stent was placed in the narrowed small bowel for 2 weeks. The patient was then discharged after stent removal without any dietary problems. The authors’ experience shows that twisted small bowel after a DTR in PG can be treated by endoscopy.

CT enterography and magnetic resonance (MR) enterography are widely used imaging modalities used to examine the small bowel. These radiologic tests are distinguished from routine abdominopelvic CT and MRI by the oral ingestion of a large amount of neutral contrast to distend the small bowel before scanning. For achievement of high quality, diagnostic images and proper technique are required. Conducted protocols still vary in patient preparation, enteric contrast, and CT and MRI acquisition sequences, resulting in heterogeneous diagnostic accuracy. The purpose of this article is to review the processes and techniques that optimize CT/MR enterography for patients with suspected Crohn's disease or other small bowel diseases.

BackgroundCirculating endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) increases the gut paracellular permeability. We hypothesized that glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) acutely reduces LPS-related increased intestinal paracellular permeability by a mechanism unrelated to its intestinotrophic effect.MethodsWe assessed small intestinal paracellular permeability in vivo by measuring the appearance of intraduodenally perfused FITC-dextran 4000 (FD4) into the portal vein (PV) in rats 1-24h after LPS treatment (5mg/kg, ip). We also examined the effect of a stable GLP-2 analog teduglutide (TDG) on FD4 permeability.ResultsFD4 movement into the PV was increased 6h, but not 1 or 3h after LPS treatment, with increased PV GLP-2 levels and increased mRNA expressions of proinflammatory cytokines and proglucagon in the ileal mucosa. Co-treatment with a GLP-2 receptor antagonist enhanced PV FD4 concentrations. PV FD4 concentrations 24h after LPS were higher than FD4 concentrations 6h after LPS, reduced by exogenous GLP-2 treatment given 6 or 12h after LPS treatment. FD4 uptake measured 6h after LPS was reduced by TDG 3 or 6h after LPS treatment. TDG-associated reduced FD4 uptake was reversed by the VPAC1 antagonist PG97-269 or L-NAME, not by EGF or IGF1 receptor inhibitors.ConclusionsSystemic LPS releases endogenous GLP-2, reducing LPS-related increased permeability. The therapeutic window of exogenous GLP-2 administration is at minimum within 6-12h after LPS treatment. Exogenous GLP-2 treatment is of value in the prevention of increased paracellular permeability associated with endotoxemia.

Background & Aims The epithelia of the intestine and colon turn over rapidly and are maintained by adult stem cells at the base of crypts. Although the small intestine and colon have distinct, well-characterized physiological functions, it remains unclear if there are fundamental regional differences in stem cell behavior or region-dependent degenerative changes during aging. Mesenchyme-free organoids provide useful tools for investigating intestinal stem cell biology in vitro and have started to be used for investigating age-related changes in stem cell function. However, it is unknown whether organoids maintain hallmarks of age in the absence of an aging niche. We tested whether stem cell–enriched organoids preserved the DNA methylation-based aging profiles associated with the tissues and crypts from which they were derived. Methods To address this, we used standard human methylation arrays and the human epigenetic clock as a biomarker of age to analyze in vitro–derived, 3-dimensional, stem cell–enriched intestinal organoids. Results We found that human stem cell–enriched organoids maintained segmental differences in methylation patterns and that age, as measured by the epigenetic clock, also was maintained in vitro. Surprisingly, we found that stem cell–enriched organoids derived from the small intestine showed striking epigenetic age reduction relative to organoids derived from colon. Conclusions Our data validate the use of organoids as a model for studying human intestinal aging and introduce methods that can be used when modeling aging or age-onset diseases in vitro., Graphical abstract

SUMOylation and DeSUMOylation are reversible protein post-translational modification (PTM) processes involving small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins. These processes have indispensable roles in various cellular processes, such as subcellular localization, gene transcription, and DNA replication and repair. Over the past decade, increasing attention has been given to SUMO-related pathways as potential therapeutic targets. The Sentrin/SUMO-specific protease (SENP), which is responsible for deSUMOylation, has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of cancers and cardiac disorders. Unfortunately, no SENP inhibitor has yet reached clinical trials. In this review, we focus on advances in the development of SENP inhibitors in the past decade.

In the article problems and experience of creation and functioning of industrial clusters are considered. The special conditions, characteristic competitive advantages therefore the measures undertaken for creation of a cluster have to consider these conditions are inherent in each region. Depending on number of participants in most cases control of a cluster is exercised by the management company (MC) which is the specialized organization of operational management, the carrying-out expert and analytical, organizational, methodical and information maintenance.

This study aims to analyze the effect of MSMEs on poverty reduction, both directly and indirectly, through labor absorption from 1997 to 2018. The poverty measurements used in this study comprise Head Count Index (P0), Poverty Gap Index (P1), and Poverty Severity Index (P2), while the MSMEs are classified based on their scales, which are small-medium enterprises (SMEs) and micro-small enterprises (MSEs). Control variables, such as economic growth, openness, government expenditure, and investment, are also covered in this model. In general, the results show that MSMEs statistically affect poverty reduction in Indonesia both directly and indirectly. Nevertheless, different business scales offer various implications for poverty reduction. SMEs play a bigger role in alleviating poverty than MSEs as they reduce not only the percentage of poor people but also the Poverty Gap and Severity Index. Furthermore, of the four control variables, only economic growth has a significant effect on poverty reduction, both direct and indirect. Hence, policymakers should support the market certainty of SMEs products to sustain the production cycle.

BackgroundHemorrhagic shock and trauma (HS/T)-induced gut injury may play a critical role in the development of multi-organ failure. Novel therapies that target gut injury and vascular permeability early after HS/T could have substantial impacts on trauma patients. In this study, we investigate the therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC EVs) in vivo in HS/T in mice and in vitro in Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells.MethodsIn vivo, using a mouse model of HS/T, vascular permeability to a 10-kDa dextran dye and histopathologic injury in the small intestine and lungs were measured among mice. Groups were (1) sham, (2) HS/T + lactated Ringer's (LR), (3) HS/T + MSCs, and (4) HS/T + MSC EVs. In vitro, Caco-2 cell monolayer integrity was evaluated by an epithelial cell impedance assay. Caco-2 cells were pretreated with control media, MSC conditioned media (CM), or MSC EVs, then challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).ResultsIn vivo, both MSCs and MSC EVs significantly reduced vascular permeability in the small intestine (fluorescence units: sham, 456 ± 88; LR, 1067 ± 295; MSC, 765 ± 258; MSC EV, 715 ± 200) and lung (sham, 297 ± 155; LR, 791 ± 331; MSC, 331 ± 172; MSC EV, 303 ± 88). Histopathologic injury in the small intestine and lung was also attenuated by MSCs and MSC EVs. In vitro, MSC CM but not MSC EVs attenuated the increased permeability among Caco-2 cell monolayers challenged with H2O2.ConclusionMesenchymal stem cell EVs recapitulate the effects of MSCs in reducing vascular permeability and injury in the small intestine and lungs in vivo, suggesting MSC EVs may be a potential cell-free therapy targeting multi-organ dysfunction in HS/T. This is the first study to demonstrate that MSC EVs improve both gut and lung injury in an animal model of HS/T.

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) emerged early in evolution and occur in all domains of life and nearly in all species, including humans. Mutations in four sHSPs (HspB1, HspB3, HspB5, HspB8) are associated with neuromuscular disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the evolutionary forces shaping these sHSPs during vertebrate evolution. We performed comparative evolutionary analyses on a set of orthologous sHSP sequences, based on the ratio of non-synonymous: synonymous substitution rates for each codon. We found that these sHSPs had been historically exposed to different degrees of purifying selection, decreasing in this order: HspB8 > HspB1, HspB5 > HspB3. Within each sHSP, regions with different degrees of purifying selection can be discerned, resulting in characteristic selective pressure profiles. The conserved α-crystallin domains were exposed to the most stringent purifying selection compared to the flanking regions, supporting a 'dimorphic pattern' of evolution. Thus, during vertebrate evolution the different sequence partitions were exposed to different and measurable degrees of selective pressures. Among the disease-associated mutations, most are missense mutations primarily in HspB1 and to a lesser extent in the other sHSPs. Our data provide an explanation for this disparate incidence. Contrary to the expectation, most missense mutations cause dominant disease phenotypes. Theoretical considerations support a connection between the historic exposure of these sHSP genes to a high degree of purifying selection and the unusual prevalence of genetic dominance of the associated disease phenotypes. Our study puts the genetics of inheritable sHSP-borne diseases into the context of vertebrate evolution.

Anomalies in dopaminergic machinery have been shown in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and preclinical models of IBD. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impact of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ileitis on enteric dopaminergic pathways.Male C57/Bl6 mice (10 ± 2 weeks old) received 2% DSS in drinking water for 5 days and were then switched to regular drinking water for 3 days. To measure ileitis severity inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6) levels were assessed. Changes in ileal muscle tension were isometrically recorded following: 1) cumulative addition of dopamine on basal tone (0.1-1000 μM); ii) 4-Hz electric field stimulation (EFS) in the presence of 30 μM dopamine with/without 10 μM SCH-23390 (dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) antagonist) or 10 μM sulpiride (D2R antagonist). Immunofluorescence distribution of the neuronal HuC/D protein, glial S100β marker, D1R, and dopamine transporter (DAT) were determined in longitudinal-muscle-myenteric plexus whole-mounts (LMMPs) by confocal microscopy. D1R and D2R mRNA transcripts were evaluated by qRT-PCR.DSS caused an inflammatory process in the small intestine associated to dysmotility and altered barrier permeability, as suggested by decreased fecal output and enhanced stool water content. DSS treatment caused a significant increase of DAT and D1R myenteric immunoreactivity as well as of D1R and D2R mRNA levels, accompanied by a significant reduction of dopamine-mediated relaxation, involving primarily D1-like receptors.Mouse ileitis affects enteric dopaminergic neurotransmission mainly involving D1R-mediated responses. These findings provide novel information on the participation of dopaminergic pathways in IBD-mediated neuromuscular dysfunction.

В данной статье описываются проблемы и перспективы развития малого и среднего бизнеса в современных экономических условиях и даются рекомендации по совершенствованию системы государственной поддержки этих субъектов., This article describes the problems and prospects for the development of small and medium-sized businesses in modern economic conditions and provides recommendations for improving the system of state support for these entities., Вестник научной мысли, Выпуск 6 2022, Pages 472-477

В статье рассматриваются проблемы развития бухгалтерского учета в сфере малого и среднего предпринимательства. Изучены нормативно-правовые документы, регулирующие организацию и ведение бухгалтерского учета в сфера малого предпринимательства РФ. Исследованы методологические и организационные проблемы ведения бухгалтерского учёта в субъектах малого и среднего предпринимательства (МСП). Обоснованы пути преодоления противоречий в системе бухгалтерского и налогового учета в сфере малого предпринимательства., The article addresses the problems of accounting development in the field of small and medium-sized enterprises. Regulatory documents regulating the organization and maintenance of accounting in the field of small business of the Russian Federation have been studied. Methodological and organizational problems of accounting in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were investigated. Ways to overcome contradictions in accounting and tax accounting systems in the field of small business are justified., Вестник научной мысли, Выпуск 6 2022, Pages 84-89

This study assesses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) and the role of Fintech, in particular mobile financial services (MFS), in their recovery from COVID-induced losses. The study uses data from a survey of 216 MSMEs from Bangladesh Small and Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC) industrial estates in Bangladesh during January to March 2021. Our results suggest that firms have been recovering gradually after the withdrawal from lockdown in June 2020. So far, 80% of production of the firms compared to pre-COVID levels had recovered by the end of December 2020. We use instrumental variable regression to assess the impact of the use of MFS on firms' production, sales, and profit for three periods: lockdown (March-May 2020), limited lockdown (June-September 2020) and the reopening period (October-December 2020). We find a significant and positive impact from the use of MFS on the production, sales, and profit of firms during this pandemic. The results indicate that the use of digital finance facilitates firms' production through ensuring a stable supply of raw materials and sales that have prompted them to recover faster. However, the concern is that only about 31% of our sample firms use MFS for their businesses and an even lower proportion of firms are accustomed to using an online platform. Therefore, more incentives and supportive policies are needed to motivate MSMEs to use digital finance and online platforms to stay active in operations, particularly during the pandemic.

Статья посвящена вопросам правового регулирования кредитных отношений, в частности процедуре получения кредитных средств субъектам малого и среднего бизнеса. Исследуются причины, вызывающие недоверие кредитных организаций к предпринимателям, а также изучены проблемы кредитования МСП в микрофинансовых организациях. Автор анализирует тенденции правового регулирования развития системы кредитования малого и среднего предпринимательства в России., The article is devoted to the issues of legal regulation of credit relations with the participation of business entities, in particular, the procedure for obtaining credit funds for small and medium-sized businesses, and also examines the reasons that cause distrust of credit organizations to entrepreneurs. The problems of lending to SMEs in microfinance organizations have also been studied. The author analyzes the trends of legal regulation of the development of the lending system for small and medium-sized businesses in Russia., Вестник научной мысли, Выпуск 3 2022, Pages 155-162

PhD (Social Science with Development Studies), North-West University, Mahikeng Campus This study emphasises the importance of small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) to national economies all over the world, as they contribute to the creation of jobs, growing the economy, and reducing poverty. This study shows that after 1994, South African SMMEs have been the main tool to achieve poverty alleviation and eradication, and to improve income generation and employment creation, which are some of the challenges encountered in rural areas. In developed countries, SMMEs are innovative and they export their products to other countries and grow because of better access to markets in and outside their own countries. The study used a qualitative approach with the purpose of understanding whether SMMEs contribute to rural development. Primary and secondary data were collected. Semi-structured interviews through the triangulation of individual, focus group, and telephonic interviews were conducted with 91 participants, who were divided into SMME owners, SMME employees, SMME clients, officials that provide support to SMMEs, and a member of the Matatiele Business Chamber. The researcher developed different interview schedules to collect data from various participants who were identified purposefully and through snowball sampling as they were able to provide relevant and in-depth information suitable to address the research questions. The findings indicated that SMMEs are facing various socioeconomic challenges such as lack of funds to start and sustain their businesses, lack of knowledge about government and other business financing institutions that support SMMEs, lack of business management skills, lack of markets, and poor infrastructure, which, among others, hinder their growth. The government pays limited attention to assisting SMMEs with being innovative and to export their goods to other countries, which results in the high failure rate of SMMEs in South Africa. For SMMEs to be successful, the study recommends that the following dimensions of the social capital, namely bonding, bridging, and linking social capital be strengthened in these organisations and that solid principles of running a business be implemented. Doctoral

В статье определены перспективы и основные направления развития малой гидроэнергетики, которая соответствует современным экологическим стандартам устойчивого развития и находится в контуре государственных мер поддержки. При строительстве гидроэлектростанций небольшой мощности могут быть использованы малые реки, которые, несмотря на то, что имеют небольшой расход, могут вырабатывать достаточно большой объем энергии за счет значительных падений., The author of the article defines the prospects and main directions of the development of small hydropower, which meets modern environmental standards of sustainable development and is in the contour of state support measures. During the construction of hydroelectric power plants of small capacity, small rivers can be used, which, despite the fact that they have a small flow rate, can generate a sufficiently large amount of energy due to significant drops., Вестник научной мысли, Выпуск 5 2022, Pages 66-70

В статье рассмотрены проблемы развития российского предпринимательства в условиях эпидемии COVID-19. Исследовано влияние эпидемии COVID-19 на сферы жизнедеятельности человека, установлено снижение потребительской активности населения. Рассмотрены меры государственной поддержки предпринимательства, в частности, малого бизнес в условиях эпидемии. Уточнены направления развития малого бизнеса в условиях эпидемии., The article considers the problems of the development of Russian entrepreneurship in the conditions of the COVID-19 epidemic. The influence of the COVID-19 epidemic on the spheres of human life was investigated, a decrease in consumer activity of the population was established. Measures of state support for entrepreneurship, in particular small businesses in the conditions of the epidemic, were considered. The directions of small business development in the epidemic were specified., Вестник научной мысли, Выпуск 1 2022, Pages 38-41

В статье определяется сущность и роль субъектов малого и среднего бизнеса в развитии экономики страны. В данной научной работе рассмотрено количество и доля субъектов малого и среднего предпринимательства на сегодняшний день. В статье также выявлены основные проблемы, возникающие в процессе деятельности малых и средних предприятий, в том числе определен ряд мероприятий, который должен разрабатываться правительством для поддержания субъектов МСП., The article defines the essence and role of small and medium-sized businesses in the development of the country's economy. This scientific work examines the number and proportion of small and medium-sized businesses today. The article also identifies the main problems arising in the process of small and medium-sized enterprises, including a number of measures that should be developed by the government to support SMEs., Вестник научной мысли, Выпуск 6 2022, Pages 144-148

Drawing on dynamic capabilities and the resource-based view, we propose a conceptual model that encompasses big data analytics capabilities (BDAC), digital platform capabilities and network capabilities, supply chain innovation, and firm performance. We use the structural equation modeling to empirically validate this model on the time-lagged data of 221 micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the manufacturing sectors. The empirical results of our data analysis showed that BDAC significantly improved platform and networking capabilities. BDAC also improved supply chain innovation and thus financial performance. Our data indicated that networking capabilities mediated the relationships of both (a) BDAC-supply chain innovation and (b) BDAC-financial performance. Meanwhile, digital platforms mediated only the BDAC-supply chain innovation relationship. The outcomes of sequential mediation confirmed the role of both digital platform and network capabilities and supply chain innovation in the BDAC-firm performance link. Our results provide theoretical implications to operations management and offer practical insights for managers working in manufacturing MSMEs.

Tracking the distribution of Fusarium species and the detection of changes in toxin production provides epidemiological information that is essential for Fusarium head blight (FHB) management. Members of Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) were characterized using species and trichothecene-specific primers. Associations between members of the FGSC, cereal crop species (wheat, rye, triticale, and oat), seeding time (winter and spring), type of cultivation (monocrop and intercrop) and chemotype grouping were investigated with multiple correspondence analysis and multiple regression modeling. We found that triticale and oat were more related to isolates classified into F. graminearum s. lato than with other isolates. In contrast, wheat and rye were more associated with F. graminearum s. stricto. Cereal crop species affected the frequencies of F. graminearum s. stricto (p = 0.003) and F. graminearum s. lato (p = 0.08) and unidentified isolates with morphological characteristics like those of FGSC members (p = 0.02). The effectiveness of species-specific primers was 60.3% (Fg16F/R) and 76.2% (FgrF/FgcR), and the effectiveness of primer sets for the trichothecene genotyping of the Tri5 and Tri3 genes was 100% and 90.6%, respectively. The decrease in Fusarium-damaged kernel values in the wheat–pea intercropping system indicated that intercropping systems have the potential to control FHB.