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Presently ultrasound guided nerve blocks are very fashionable but vast majority of people around the world cannot practice these techniques mostly due to lack of resources but even in the developed countries there is lack of training which precludes people from using it. Lack of resources does not mean that patient cannot be provided with appropriate pain relief using nerve blocks. There are some nerve blocks that can be done using the loss of resistance (LOR) techniques. These blocks like, tranversus abdominis plane (TAP), rectus sheath, ilio-inguinal and fascia iliaca blocks can be effectively utilized to provide pain relief in the peri-operative period. For these blocks to be effectively delivered it is essential to understand the anatomical basis. It is also important to understand the reasons for failure, which is mostly due to delivery of the local anaesthetic in the wrong plane. The technique for LOR is not only simple and effective but also it can be delivered with minimal resources. This article deals with the techniques used for LOR blocks, the relevant anatomy and the methods used to administer the blocks. The article also describes the various indications where these blocks can be utilized, especially in the post-operative period where the pain management is sub-optimal.

The domestic fish marketing system in India deserves to be developed into a strong network of efficiently functioning markets, as more than three-fourths of the country’s total fish production is channellised domestically. With the unleashing of a new global economic order, the efficiency of markets needs to be dealt with utmost importance. The degree of spatial market integration and price transmission between the major coastal markets in India have been reported using monthly retail price data on important marine fish species. It has been observed that degree of integration and rate of price transmission differ according to species. The highest integration has been observed in mackerel, probably because of its affordability to all income classes, resulting in a wide consumer base. Among various markets, a near full transmission of prices has been observed between Kerala and Tamil Nadu markets, except in the case of shrimp. Even though a major landing centre, the price movement in Maharashtra market has been found independent of other markets. The spatial market integration between major shrimp markets in the country has appeared to be the least, possibly because of its greater market share outside the country. The study has suggested to devise strategies to bring about greater integration between these markets so that both fishermen and the fish-consuming community in the country are benefitted.

The domestic fish marketing system in India deserves to be developed into a strong network of efficiently functioning markets, as more than three-fourths of the country’s total fish production is channellised domestically. With the unleashing of a new global economic order, the efficiency of markets needs to be dealt with utmost importance. The degree of spatial market integration and price transmission between the major coastal markets in India have been reported using monthly retail price data on important marine fish species. It has been observed that degree of integration and rate of price transmission differ according to species. The highest integration has been observed in mackerel, probably because of its affordability to all income classes, resulting in a wide consumer base. Among various markets, a near full transmission of prices has been observed between Kerala and Tamil Nadu markets, except in the case of shrimp. Even though a major landing centre, the price movement in Maharashtra market has been found independent of other markets. The spatial market integration between major shrimp markets in the country has appeared to be the least, possibly because of its greater market share outside the country. The study has suggested to devise strategies to bring about greater integration between these markets so that both fishermen and the fish-consuming community in the country are benefitted.