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Due to complex and heterogeneous geographical characteristics, Serbia is represented by a diverse flora with many endemic taxa of vascular plants. Investigation of plant endemics stored in the national herbaria and perusal of extensive literature sources indicate that 46 taxa occur exclusively within the political borders of the Republic of Serbia, while 104 taxa can also be found in adjacent countries of the Balkan Peninsula. These national and subendemics are presented in the form of a list together with their ecological and geographical characteristics. Centres of endemism are located in the southern and eastern regions of Serbia and on the territory of Kosovo and Metohija. The majority of taxa are associated with mountainous regions of Kosovo, Metohija, and Central Serbia, at medium elevations between 500 and 1500 m. Most of the national endemics occur on limestones and dolomites and on soils such as cambisols, lithosols, and rankers. They are mainly under the influence of a modified mountain and moderately continental climate.

Ваљевске планине су део јединственог венца Подрињско–ваљевских планина, који представља истакнуту црту рељефа западне Србије. Простиру се у смеру запад–северозапад – исток–југоисток, од превоја Прослоп, који одваја Соколске планине (подрињски низ) од Медведника (ваљевски низ) до Проструге, на крајњим североисточним обронцима Рајца изнад Бољковачког раседа. Ваљевске планине чине: Медведник, Јабланик, Повлен, Магљеш, Маљен, Сувобор и Рајац. Природна разноликост Ваљевских планина од литолошке грађе, преко климатских одлика до биљног покривача резултирала је разноврсношћу вода и њихових појава. Тиме је иницирано ово истраживање, са циљем детаљног упознавања особености – богатства и разноврсности површинских вода овог краја и њихових односа, као и природно–географских услова који су их обликовали... The Valjevo mountain range is part of a unique range of Podrinje–Valjevo Mountains, which at the same time represents a prominent characteristic of western Serbia relief. Valjevo mountains stretch in the west–northwest – east–southeast direction, from Proslop mountain pass, which separates Sokolske mountains (Podrinje range) from Medvednik (Valjevo range), all the way to Prostruga at the farthest northeast slopes of Rajac mountain above Boljkovački fault. Valjevo mountains include Medvednik, Jablanik, Povlen, Maglješ, Maljen, Suvobor and Rajac. The natural diversity of Valjevo mountains including their lithological composition, climatic features and plant cover has resulted in a variety of waters and their phenomena. This fact initiated a detailed research of the richness and diversity of surface waters in this area and their relationships, as well as of natural and geographical conditions that formed these phenomena...