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The article reveals the goal and objectives of the socio-economic development of the subject of the federation. The analysis and assessment of the Strategy for the socio-economic development of the Kaluga region, indicators of the socio-economic development of the region for 2019-2020 and 10 months of 2021 and the competitiveness of the region in comparison with the regions of the Central Federal District and the Russian Federation as a whole are carried out. Based on the analysis and assessment of the socio-economic development of the Kaluga region, the main problems are identified, on the basis of which the author’s directions for their solution and improvement of the social and economic development of the Kaluga region are developed and proposed.

The article aims to assess the improvement of the process capability by implementing the Six Sigma methodology in furniture enterprises with different levels of the quality management system (QMS) and ownership. The implementation of the Six Sigma methodology according to the DMAIC steps, also analysis, evaluation, and comparison of the implementation results were performed to improve the process performance. The implementation of the Six Sigma methodology was carried out in an international enterprise with foreign capital and a certified Quality Management System (QMS) and in a domestic enterprise with purely domestic capital without an established Quality Management System. The implementation results confirmed the positive development in the key indicators of critical processes, namely, in the reduction of DPMO, the increase of efficiency and the level of Sigma Process, and the values of process capability indices. The positive effects were more pronounced in the international enterprise compared to the domestic. The application of the Six Sigma methodology brings better results in manufacturing companies with international management skills and implemented certified QMS. These two aspects can be key success factors by managing and improving process capability. The practical contribution of the paper can be seen in the proposal of suitable methods and tools by implementing Six Sigma conception in furniture manufacturing regardless of the ownership or level of quality management systems.

The judicial system is experiencing an increase in the workload in almost all countries due to the increase in the number of cases being considered, which certainly affects the quality of the administration of justice. In 2019, about 19 million cases in Russia were considered in the courts, with a population of about 140 million. In such circumstances, increasing the staff of the judicial staff is costly for the budget and senseless, which means that it is necessary to implement various conciliation procedures in the Russian legal system. Russia adopted a law in 2019 that establishes the institution of pre-trial and judicial reconciliation, but its effectiveness is almost zero. The authors analyze the epistemological essence of conciliation procedures and their applied significance at the doctrinal level in this article. Methods: the disclosure of the topic was carried out from the standpoint of general scientific methods (sociological, systemic, structural-functional, historical), the method of theoretical analysis, private scientific methods (comparative jurisprudence, technical and legal analysis, concretization, interpretation). The methodological basis of the study was the method of the theory of knowledge. The purpose of the study: To determine the essence of such categories as conciliation procedures; alternative dispute settlement procedures; pre-trial, out-of-court, and judicial dispute settlement procedures; to identify the relationship between conciliation procedures and civil proceedings; to determine the reasons for the low effectiveness of the use of conciliation procedures in Russia. Results: the gnoseological essence of conciliation procedures was revealed; their relationship with alternative dispute settlement procedures, the relationship between conciliation procedures and the civil procedure was shown, the reasons for the low efficiency of the application of conciliation procedures in Russia were revealed.

The present article intended to study the influence of post-synthetic modification with ethylenediamine (en, diamine) and diethylenetriamine (deta, triamine) within the coordinatively unsaturated sites (CUSs) of HKUST-1 on carbon dioxide and hydrogen storage. The as-sythesized adsorbent was solvent-exchanged and subsequently post-synthetically modified with di-/triamines as sources of amine-based sorption sites due to the increased CO2 storage capacity. It is known that carbon dioxide molecules have a high affinity for amine groups, and moreover, the volume of amine molecules itself reduces the free pore volume in HKUST-1, which is the driving force for increasing the hydrogen storage capacity. Different concentrations of amines were used for modification of HKUST-1, through which materials with different molar ratios of HKUST-1 to amine: 1:0.05; 1:0.1; 1:0.25; 1:0.5; 1:0.75; 1:1; 1:1.5 were synthesized. Adsorption measurements of carbon dioxide at 0 °C up to 1 bar have shown that the compounds can adsorb large amounts of carbon dioxide. In general, deta-modified samples showed higher adsorbed amounts of CO2 compared to en-modified materials, which can be explained by the higher number of amine groups within the deta molecule. With an increasing molar ratio of amines, there was a decrease in wt.% CO2. The maximum storage capacity of CO2 was 22.3 wt.% for HKUST-1: en/1:0.1 and 33.1 wt.% for HKUST-1: deta/1:0.05 at 0 °C and 1 bar. Hydrogen adsorption measurements showed the same trend as carbon dioxide, with the maximum H2 adsorbed amounts being 1.82 wt.% for HKUST-1: en/1:0.1 and 2.28 wt.% for HKUST-1: deta/1:0.05 at − 196 °C and 1 bar.

Contains fulltext : 233696.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) The actions and feelings questionnaire (AFQ) provides a short, self-report measure of how well someone uses and understands visual communicative signals such as gestures. The objective of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the AFQ into Dutch (AFQ-NL) and validate this new version in neurotypical and autistic populations. Translation and adaptation of the AFQ consisted of forward translation, synthesis, back translation, and expert review. In order to validate the AFQ-NL, we assessed convergent and divergent validity. We additionally assessed internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha. Validation and reliability outcomes were all satisfactory. The AFQ-NL is a valid adaptation that can be used for both autistic and neurotypical populations in the Netherlands. 7 p.

In human communication, social intentions and meaning are often revealed in the way we move. In this study, we investigate the flexibility of human communication in terms of kinematic modulation in a clinical population, namely, autistic individuals. The aim of this study was twofold: to assess (a) whether communicatively relevant kinematic features of gestures differ between autistic and neurotypical individuals, and (b) if autistic individuals use communicative kinematic modulation to support gesture recognition. We tested autistic and neurotypical individuals on a silent gesture production task and a gesture comprehension task. We measured movement during the gesture production task using a Kinect motion tracking device in order to determine if autistic individuals differed from neurotypical individuals in their gesture kinematics. For the gesture comprehension task, we assessed whether autistic individuals used communicatively relevant kinematic cues to support recognition. This was done by using stick-light figures as stimuli and testing for a correlation between the kinematics of these videos and recognition performance. We found that (a) silent gestures produced by autistic and neurotypical individuals differ in communicatively relevant kinematic features, such as the number of meaningful holds between movements, and (b) while autistic individuals are overall unimpaired at recognizing gestures, they processed repetition and complexity, measured as the amount of submovements perceived, differently than neurotypicals do. These findings highlight how subtle aspects of neurotypical behavior can be experienced differently by autistic individuals. They further demonstrate the relationship between movement kinematics and social interaction in high-functioning autistic individuals. LAY SUMMARY: Hand gestures are an important part of how we communicate, and the way that we move when gesturing can influence how easy a gesture is to understand. We studied how autistic and typical individuals produce and recognize hand gestures, and how this relates to movement characteristics. We found that autistic individuals moved differently when gesturing compared to typical individuals. In addition, while autistic individuals were not worse at recognizing gestures, they differed from typical individuals in how they interpreted certain movement characteristics.

Aim. The project National Register of Patients with Mucoviscidosis (MV), introduced in Russia, opened the widest perspectives for comparative analysis and summarizing of clinico-epidemiological data all over Russia, federal districts, regions and separate territories. The register data permit to generalize the experience of observation and management of MV patients in centers. Comparative analysis of the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of MV and volume of therapy in patients living in Perm Krai (PK) with the other regions of Privolzhsky Federal District (PFD) and Central Federal District (CFD) of Russia was carried out. Materials and methods. According to the Register of MV Patients in the Russian Federation for 2017, the data of 1576 patients with MV were analyzed: 930 (59.0 %) patients were observed in CFD, 600 (38.1 %) in PFD, 46 (2.9) in PK. Results. Among MV patients in PFD and PK, there was noted a great variety of variants of the gene CFTR, associated with both the presence of autochthonic and relatively closed ethnic groups and migration of the population. A high allele frequency of the variant E92K was revealed in patients of Chuvash Republic (55.3 %). A group of patients from PK, registered in 2017, had a low mean age, the lowest age of making a diagnosis. Conclusions. Clinico-epidemiological studies, according to the data of MV patients register, permitted to detect some peculiar features that can be significant for practical healthcare. Further studies on MV patients register should be continued.

Contains fulltext : 212931.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Social interaction requires us to recognize subtle cues in behavior, such as kinematic differences in actions and gestures produced with different social intentions. Neuroscientific studies indicate that the putative mirror neuron system (pMNS) in the premotor cortex and mentalizing system (MS) in the medial prefrontal cortex support inferences about contextually unusual actions. However, little is known regarding the brain dynamics of these systems when viewing communicatively exaggerated kinematics. In an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, 28 participants viewed stick-light videos of pantomime gestures, recorded in a previous study, which contained varying degrees of communicative exaggeration. Participants made either social or nonsocial classifications of the videos. Using participant responses and pantomime kinematics, we modeled the probability of each video being classified as communicative. Interregion connectivity and activity were modulated by kinematic exaggeration, depending on the task. In the Social Task, communicativeness of the gesture increased activation of several pMNS and MS regions and modulated top-down coupling from the MS to the pMNS, but engagement of the pMNS and MS was not found in the nonsocial task. Our results suggest that expectation violations can be a key cue for inferring communicative intention, extending previous findings from wholly unexpected actions to more subtle social signaling. 12 p.

Background: Historical ethnobotanical data can provide valuable information about past human-nature relationships as well as serve as a basis for diachronic analysis. This data note aims to present a dataset which documented medicinal plant uses, mentioned in a selection of German-language sources from the 19th century covering the historical regions of Estonia, Livonia, Courland, and Galicia. Methods: Data was mainly obtained by systematic manual search in various relevant historical German-language works focused on the medicinal use of plants. Data about plant and non-plant constituents, their usage, the mode of administration, used plant parts, and their German and local names was extracted and collected into a database in the form of Use Reports.

Darba teorētiskajā daļā tiek analizēti tradicionālo un lokālo ekoloģisko zināšanu un etnobotānikas jēdzieni, to mijsakarības ar kultūras izpratni, Tiek sniegts 5-6 gadīgu bērnu psiholoģiskais un fiziskais raksturojums pētāmās problēmas aspektā, raksturojot etnobotānikas zināšanu apguves īpatnības bērna vecumā tradicionālajās kultūrās un mūsdienās. Analizēti pieejamie etnobotānikas zināšanu avoti, to skaitā – mūsdienu lauka pētījumi un to izmantošanas iespējas pirmsskolas mācību procesā, akcentējot divas savvaļas augu sugas. Darba praktiskajā daļā, pamatojoties uz apgūto teoriju, veikts empīrisks pētījums par etnobotānikas zināšanu izmantošanu bērnu kultūras izpratnes sekmēšanai. Pētījuma rezultātā konstatēts, ka ir uzlabojusies bērnu izpratne par mācību procesā iekļautajiem augiem un to pielietojumu tradicionālajā kultūrā, tādējādi veicinot kultūras izpratni., The theoretical part of the work analyzes the concepts of traditional and local ecological knowledge and ethnobotany, their interrelationships with cultural understanding. The psychological and physical characteristics of 5-6-year-old children are presented in the aspect of the researched problem, characterizing the peculiarities of acquiring knowledge of the ethnobotany at a child's age in traditional cultures and nowadays. The available sources of the ethnobotanical knowledge are analyzed, including modern field studies and the possibilities of their use in the preschool learning process, emphasizing two wild plant species. In the practical part of the work, based on the learned theory, an empirical study was conducted on the use of the traditional ecological knowledge to promote children's cultural understanding. As a result of the research, it was found that the children's understanding of the plants and their use in traditional culture has improved, thus promoting cultural understanding.

Contains fulltext : 248832.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Persons with and without autism process sensory information differently. Differences in sensory processing are directly relevant to social functioning and communicative abilities, which are known to be hampered in persons with autism. We collected functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from 25 autistic individuals and 25 neurotypical individuals while they performed a silent gesture recognition task. We exploited brain network topology, a holistic quantification of how networks within the brain are organized to provide new insights into how visual communicative signals are processed in autistic and neurotypical individuals. Performing graph theoretical analysis, we calculated two network properties of the action observation network: local efficiency, as a measure of network segregation, and global efficiency, as a measure of network integration.We found that persons with autism and neurotypical persons differ in how the action observation network is organized. Persons with autism utilize a more clustered, local-processing-oriented network configuration (i.e., higher local efficiency), rather than the more integrative network organization seen in neurotypicals (i.e., higher global efficiency). These results shed new light on the complex interplay between social and sensory processing in autism. 14 p.

Prions are proteins that can exist in several structurally and functionally distinct states, one or more of which is transmissible. Yeast proteins Sup35 and Rnq1 in prion state ([PSI+] and [PIN+], respectively) form oligomers and aggregates, which are transmitted from parents to offspring in a series of generations. Several pieces of indirect evidence indicate that these aggregates also possess amyloid properties, but their binding to amyloid-specific dyes has not been shown in vivo. Meanwhile, it is the specific binding to the Congo Red dye and birefringence in polarized light after such staining that is considered the gold standard for proving the amyloid properties of a protein. Here, we used immunoprecipitation to extract native fibrils of the Sup35 and Rnq1 proteins from yeast strains with different prion status. These fibrils are detected by electron microscopy, stained with Congo Red and exhibit yellow-green birefringence after such staining. All these data show that the Sup35 and Rnq1 proteins in prion state form amyloid fibrils in vivo. The technology of fibrils extraction in combination with standard cytological methods can be used to identify new pathological and functional amyloids in any organism and to analyze the structural features of native amyloid fibrils.

Humans are unique in their ability to communicate information through representational gestures which visually simulate an action (eg. moving hands as if opening a jar). Previous research indicates that the intention to communicate modulates the kinematics (e.g., velocity, size) of such gestures. If and how this modulation influences addressees’ comprehension of gestures have not been investigated. Here we ask whether communicative kinematic modulation enhances semantic comprehension (i.e., identification) of gestures. We additionally investigate whether any comprehension advantage is due to enhanced early identification or late identification. Participants (n = 20) watched videos of representational gestures produced in a more- (n = 60) or less-communicative (n = 60) context and performed a forced-choice recognition task. We tested the isolated role of kinematics by removing visibility of actor’s faces in Experiment I, and by reducing the stimuli to stick-light figures in Experiment II. Three video lengths were used to disentangle early identification from late identification. Accuracy and response time quantified main effects. Kinematic modulation was tested for correlations with task performance. We found higher gesture identification performance in more- compared to less-communicative gestures. However, early identification was only enhanced within a full visual context, while late identification occurred even when viewing isolated kinematics. Additionally, temporally segmented acts with more post-stroke holds were associated with higher accuracy. Our results demonstrate that communicative signaling, interacting with other visual cues, generally supports gesture identification, while kinematic modulation specifically enhances late identification in the absence of other cues. Results provide insights into mutual understanding processes as well as creating artificial communicative agents. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00426-019-01198-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

The article studies the concept and the need to apply super-mandatory rules in international private relations. The concept of super-mandatory rules emerged in international law in the 20th century. However, different countries provide various definitions of such rules and develop different practices of their application. The diversification of this concept hinders the effective protection of violated rights and obligations of parties to international relations. Analyzing different acts of international law, the authors of the article offer their vision of super-mandatory rules. Methods: The topic was studied through general scientific methods and special scientific methods, including system-structural, historical, technical-legal analysis, comparative jurisprudence, etc. The objective is to examine the application of super-mandatory rules (in particular, their possible application in international private relations), as well as determine and formulate their essence. Results: The authors have studied the application of super-mandatory rules in various countries, including Russia. They have also formed the definition of super-mandatory rules and considered the possibility of their application in Russia.

Simple Summary A study in the bordering region of Latvia took place in order to investigate wild plant food uses. In total 72 interviewees reported food uses. The most represented uses of recorded plants were recreational tea; for jam; as snacks and soup; and drink. Interviewees also reported loss of foraging practice due to the habitat change as for example in case of caraway and chamomile. The results indicated that part of the reason for the main use of wild plants were linked to diet diversification. Abstract Local ecological knowledge (LEK), including but not limited to the use of wild food plants, plays a large role in sustainable natural resource management schemes, primarily due to the synergy between plants and people. There are calls for the study of LEK in culturally diverse areas due to a loss of knowledge, the active practice of utilizing wild plants in various parts of the world, and a decline in biodiversity. An ethnobotanical study in a border region of Latvia, characterised by diverse natural landscapes and people with deep spiritual attachments to nature, provided an opportunity for such insight, as well as the context to analyse wild food plant usages among different sociocultural groups, allowing us to explore the differences among these groups. Semi-structured interviews were carried out as part of a wider ethnobotanical field study to obtain information about wild food plants and their uses. The list of wild food plant uses, derived from 72 interviews, revealed a high level of homogenisation (in regards to knowledge) among the study groups, and that many local uses of wild food plants are still actively practiced. People did not gather plants as a recreational activity but rather as a source of diet diversification. The results provide evidence of the importance of safeguarding ecological and cultural diversity due to high local community dependency on natural resources.

The article studies the legal mechanism preventing and resolving a conflict of interest in civil law. The Russian public law pays much attention to the prevention of competitive interests but there are still no studies on a conflict of interest in private law. The authors have written this article to consider the relevant legal studies and draw their conclusions. Methods: The authors used the methods of comparative and systemic analysis, synthesis and scientific research to examine such a legal concept as a "conflict of interest in private law". The study aims at analyzing the category of competitive interests in relation to private law, determining its prerequisites, reasons and possible solutions. The authors have concluded that a conflict of interest often causes corporate conflicts among parties involved in corporate relations. Moreover, this type of conflicts arises due to the realization of individual property interests and the possibility of one person to influence the other, for example, a conflict between majority and minority shareholders.

Local ecological knowledge holds great potential in contributing to sustainable resource management and conservation activities. For this reason, the authors choose to analyse an ethnobotanical dataset from the Baltic Sea region by exploring the relationship between plants and humans on the basis of three main categories: habitat characteristics, distribution in the wild and plant sensitivity to human impact beyond physical distance. The study provides empirical evidence of widespread usage of so-called common species which are widely distributed in the territory and benefit from human activity. When considering the data via the intensity of use, based on detailed use-reports (DUR), the main category is shown to be apophytes (1001 DUR), followed by anthropophytes (426), hemeradiophores (255) and hemerophobes (54). The authors highlight the co-dependency of plants and humans in the medicinal and wild food domains and stress the need for integrated management strategies where local community knowledge plays a part. Keywords: Common Species; Conservation; Ethnobotany; Synanthropic Plants.

Works on historical ethnobotany can help shed light on past plant uses and humankind’s relationships with the environment. We analyzed medicinal plant uses from the historical regions of Livonia and Courland in Northeast Europe based on three studies published within the 19th century by medical doctors researching local ethnomedicine. The sources were manually searched, and information extracted and entered into a database. In total, there were 603 detailed reports of medicinal plant use, which refer to 219 taxa belonging to 69 families and one unidentified local taxon. Dominant families were Asteraceae (14%), Solanaceae (7%), Rosaceae (6%), and Apiaceae (5%). The majority of use reports were attributed to the treatment of four disease categories: digestive (24%), skin (22%), respiratory (11%), and general (11%). The small overlapping portion (14 taxa mentioned by all three authors and another 27 taxa named by two authors) contained a high proportion of taxa (46%) mentioned in Dioscorides, which were widespread during that period in scholarly practice. Despite the shared flora, geographical vicinity, and culturally similar backgrounds, the medicinal use of plants in historical Courland and Livonia showed high biocultural diversity and reliance on wild taxa. We encourage researchers to study and re-evaluate the historical ethnobotanical literature and provide some suggestions on how to do this effectively.

Lead intoxication was modeled by intraperitoneal injection of lead acetate to rats. Lead intoxication reduced the velocity of filament movement because of the shift of myosin isoforms towards slow ones and influenced on calcium activation, and the changes were diverse for different heart chambers. Работа выполнена на оборудовании ЦКП ИИФ УрО РАН в рамках темы ИИФ Уро РАН №АААА-А19-119070190064-4.

The local use of wild food plants represents a reservoir for the biocultural diversity of human diet and is therefore being extensively studied; yet the effects of the introduction of novel uses into specific biocultural conditions have been little researched. Rosebay willowherb Epilobium angustifolium L. has been intensively promoted in Europe since the mid-18th century. The expert recommendations did not provide any links to local uses thus raising the question of the legitimacy and diffusion of its food use in modern times. To understand if and to what extent those recommendations have influenced local uses, we compared them with the results of our ethnobotanical field study and the ethnographic literature in Russia, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine. Of the 599 people interviewed, nine used E. angustifolium as a food and 59 as a recreational tea. Thirty-four of those who claimed to use E. angustifolium lived in two regions of Russia. The majority of the recorded tea uses were of recent origin, following a popular trend. Few food uses of E. angustifolium were recorded in Finland, where a trend towards culinary experimentation coincides with a general trend toward the consumption of healthy wild food; yet these uses are difficult to maintain due to the problems in recognizing the plant during its early stages of growth. The popularization of E. angustifolium as a food had more effect in times of hardship, when it was seen as a means of survival and its promotion was advocated. The translation error repeatedly appeared in botanical and later popular literature, whose authors did not clearly differentiate at that time between local uses and suggestions.

Ethnopharmacological relevance Currently various scientific and popular sources provide a wide spectrum of ethnopharmacological information on many plants, yet the sources of that information, as well as the information itself, are often not clear, potentially resulting in the erroneous use of plants among lay people or even in official medicine. Our field studies in seven countries on the Eastern edge of Europe have revealed an unusual increase in the medicinal use of Epilobium angustifolium L., especially in Estonia, where the majority of uses were specifically related to “men's problems”. The aim of the current work is to understand the recent and sudden increase in the interest in the use of E. angustifolium in Estonia; to evaluate the extent of documented traditional use of E. angustifolium among sources of knowledge considered traditional; to track different sources describing (or attributed as describing) the benefits of E. angustifolium; and to detect direct and indirect influences of the written sources on the currently documented local uses of E. angustifolium on the Eastern edge of Europe. Materials and methods In this study we used a variety of methods: semi-structured interviews with 599 people in 7 countries, historical data analysis and historical ethnopharmacological source analysis. We researched historical and archival sources, and academic and popular literature published on the medicinal use of E. angustifolium in the regions of our field sites as well as internationally, paying close attention to the literature that might have directly or indirectly contributed to the popularity of E. angustifolium at different times in history. Results Our results show that the sudden and recent popularity in the medical use of E. angustifolium in Estonia has been caused by local popular authors with academic medical backgrounds, relying simultaneously on “western” and Russian sources. While Russian sources have propagated (partially unpublished) results from the 1930s, “western” sources are scientific insights derived from the popularization of other Epilobium species by Austrian herbalist Maria Treben. The information Treben disseminated could have been originated from a previous peak in popularity of E. angustifolium in USA in the second half of the 19th century, caused in turn by misinterpretation of ancient herbals. The traditional uses of E. angustifolium were related to wounds and skin diseases, fever, pain (headache, sore throat, childbirth), and abdominal-related problems (constipation, stomach ache) and intestinal bleeding. Few more uses were based on the similarity principle. The main theme, however, is the fragmentation of use and its lack of consistency apart from wounds and skin diseases. Conclusions Historical ethnobotanical investigations could help to avoid creating repeating waves of popularity of plants that have already been tried for certain diseases and later abandoned as not fully effective. There is, of course, a chance that E. angustifolium could also finally be proven to be clinically safe and cost-effective for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia, but this has not yet happened despite recent intensive research. Documented traditional use would suggest investigating the dermatological, intestinal anti-hemorrhagic and pain inhibiting properties of this plant, if any., Graphical abstract Image 1

Lead and cadmium chronic combined intoxication was modeled by intraperitoneal injection of lead and cadmium salts to rats 3 times a week up to 18 injections. Lead and cadmium combined intoxication changed the maximum velocity and myosin isoforms ratio, and also influenced on calcium activation. Работа выполнена на оборудовании ЦКП ИИФ УрО РАН в рамках темы ИИФ Уро РАН №АААА-А19-119070190064-4.

Contains fulltext : 198191.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Actions may be used to directly act on the world around us, or as a means of communication. Effective communication requires the addressee to recognize the act as being communicative. Humans are sensitive to ostensive communicative cues, such as direct eye gaze (Csibra & Gergely, 2009). However, there may be additional cues present in the action or gesture itself. Here we investigate features that characterize the initiation of a communicative interaction in both production and comprehension. We asked 40 participants to perform 31 pairs of object-directed actions and representational gestures in more- or less- communicative contexts. Data were collected using motion capture technology for kinematics and video recording for eye-gaze. With these data, we focused on two issues. First, if and how actions and gestures are systematically modulated when performed in a communicative context. Second, if observers exploit such kinematic information to classify an act as communicative. Our study showed that during production the communicative context modulates space-time dimensions of kinematics and elicits an increase in addressee-directed eye-gaze. Naïve participants detected communicative intent in actions and gestures preferentially using eye-gaze information, only utilizing kinematic information when eye-gaze was unavailable. Our study highlights the general communicative modulation of action and gesture kinematics during production but also shows that addressees only exploit this modulation to recognize communicative intention in the absence of eye-gaze. We discuss these findings in terms of distinctive but potentially overlapping functions of addressee directed eye-gaze and kinematic modulations within the wider context of human communication and learning. 14 p.

The article presents the results of testing the immune status of cows vaccinated with a three-component viral-bacterial vaccine. It was found that vaccine induces in deep-seated cows a high titers of serum antibodies to the bovine rotavirus and coronavirus, as well as adhesines of E. coli. Purpose. To study the dynamics of the formation of antibodies in the blood and colostrum of cows immunized with a three-component viral-bacterial vaccine. Materials and methods. Cows were immunized with a three-component viral-bacterial vaccine (approved on January 27, 2014) in a cattle-breeding farm in the Vologda Oblast, unfavorable for gastrointestinal infections. The obtained material was examined for the presence of antibodies to the rota- and coronavirus using the ELISA method, using the ANTI-TELA-RODIKOR-ELISA VIEV kit, anti-adhesive antibodies in colostrum were detected in the developed agglutination reaction. Results. The immune response to the introduction of the vaccine produced by FGBNU VIEV was detected in all animals, whereas in the serum of cows in the control groups it was significantly lower. In the colostrum of the first milk yield, the titers of antibodies to the rota and coronavirus were significantly higher compared with the control ones. All indicators indicate sufficient antigenic activity of the tested vaccine. Conclusion. Studies have shown that immunization of pregnant cows with a three-component viral-bacterial vaccine contributes to the development of antibodies to the components of the drug in sufficiently high titers, which will ensure a high level of colostral immunity in newborn calves.

Lead intoxication was modelled by intraperitoneal injection of lead acetate to rats 3 times a week during 5 weeks. The velocity of thin filaments movement at different calcium concentrations over myosin extracted from the right ventricle of the rats’ hearts of control group and group with lead intoxication was estimated using an in vitro motility assay. Lead intoxication reduced the maximum velocity of movement by 30% because of the shift of myosin isoforms towards slow ones and did not influence on calcium regulation.

In this article, the results of molecular-genetic analyses of nasal swabs are presented. The experimental studies were carried out in the dairy farms of Vologda region suspected to the respiratory infections. The samples were obtained from the asymptomatic calves and from calves with cough and nasal discharges. The laboratory studies were conducted in the laboratory of virology of the FSC VIEV. The genome of the virus was detected by a polymerase chain reaction. The comparative analyses of identified nucleotide sequences of the virus with the reference strains of the International Nucleotide sequence database has shown the similarity with Bovine herpesvirus-5. Accordingly, as a result of our studies, the Bovine herpesvirus type 5 was identified in the nasal swabs of calves in farms of Vologda regions.

Biostimulant - splenivit helps to increase the natural resistance of the body of young farm animals and reduce morbidity. To study splenivitis, groups of sows (60 heads each) were formed. The animals of the first experimental group were injected with tissue antigen, twice 20 and 10 days before farrowing, in doses of 3 and 5 ml. The animals of the second experimental group, simultaneously with tissue antigen, were injected with splenivit at a dose of 5 ml, three times, with an interval of 10 days. And also, to 122 fattening piglets - weaners: the 1st experimental group (31 piglets) was injected with splenivit intramuscularly 1 ml 3 times with an interval of 7-10 days. The 2nd group of pigs (29 heads) was injected with a non-specific gamma globulin according to the same scheme; in the 3rd group of pigs (62 heads) the above preparations were not used. Clinical observation of all piglets was carried out for 1.5 months, starting from the day of the formation of groups for fattening. For prophylactic purposes, newborn calves with gastroenteritis in the experimental group (13 heads) were injected subcutaneously with a biostimulator - splenivit, 1.0-1.5 ml, from 2-3 days of age, three times, with an interval of 7 days, in the control (7 heads) this drug did not apply. Also, the effectiveness of the stimulant - splenivit was studied on fattening calves. Experimental group (206 heads), control group (104 heads). Splenivit for the prevention of gastrointestinal diseases in animals, increases the natural resistance of the body, helps to reduce the incidence of young animals, improving growth and development and ensuring their maximum safety. To increase immunological protection, prevent gastrointestinal diseases, safety and productivity of animals, it is advisable and effective to use a biostimulator - splenivit.

The article reflects the statistical, bacteriological, virological and molecular genetic research results. In 2019, the proportion of gastrointestinal pathologies in the total incidence of young animals was 37.6 + 0.7%. On average, over the past five years, 46.6 + 0.7% of born calves have been ill. Gastrointestinal diseases are recorded mainly in young animals under the age of 3 months. Of the number of cases, 43.3% die from birth to 10 days, 31.7% from 11 to 30 days, and 15.8% of calves from one to three months. The proportion of infectious diseases is 0.36% of the total incidence of animals. 152 studies were carried out, including: 39 fecal specimen by ELISA, 30 molecular genetic (PCR), bacteriological - 83 samples of biomaterial from dead and sick animals. 107 microorganism cultures have been identified. According to the ELISA, the most frequently detected antigens were causative agents of coronavirus - 33.3%, rotavirus - 30.8%, the causative agent of viral diarrhea - in 15.4% of cases. In 96.8% of cases, the causative agents of viral infections were identified in the associations: coronavirus and rotavirus (43.3%), coronavirus, rotavirus and viral diarrhea (36.7%), coronavirus and viral diarrhea (20.0%). In 22.2% of the samples, PCR was used to detect the herpes virus type 5 gene in rinses from calves’s nasal cavity. As a result of bacteriological studies, a change in the spectrum of cultures of microorganisms isolated from pathological material was noted. The percentage of unidentified crops decreased by 2.6 times. Given the results, we propose to include in the scheme of diagnostic studies for mixed infections additional studies: feces for viral infections by ELISA; crops of primary pathological material and feces should be carried out additionally on accumulation media; PCR analysis of swabs from the nasal cavity, blood; during bacteriological examination, consider the allocation of microorganisms: Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus.

The results of molecular-genetic analyses of milk sample are presented in this article. The experimental studies were carried out in the dairy cattle of livestock farms of the Vologda region suspected to the respiratory infections. Samples of milk were obtained from the cows with the following clinical signs: cough and mucosal discharges from the nasal cavity. The laboratory studies were conducted in the virology laboratory of Federal scientific center-all-Russian research Institute of experimental veterinary medicine. Polymerase chain reaction and Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used for the detection of the genome of the viruses. The samples were tested for the presence of following viral infections: bovine herpesvirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus – mucosal disease, parainfluenza-3 virus and coronavirus. A comparative analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the studied virus and the reference strains of the GenBank database showed the similarity of the detected virus in cow milk of the Vologda region with the Bovine herpesvirus-5 (BoHV-5). During the differential diagnostics, the coronavirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus and parainfluenza-3 virus were excluded. Thus, as a result of the studies, Bovine herpesvirus-5 (BoHV-5) was detected for the first time in the milk of cows of livestock farms of the Vologda region.

The current work is devoted to the study of fatty acid carboxylic group hydrogenation in order to obtain fatty alcohols which are the valuable products for fine chemistry. The catalysts based on the ruthenium impregnated into hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS) were used in the process. The influence of the type of support and metal loading on the yield of hydrogenation products was evaluated. Three different types of HPS were used as the catalyst supports non-functionalized, modified with amino– and sulfonic groups. The catalyst based on HPS modified with sulfonic groups showed good selectivity towards the formation of stearic aldehyde, however, was found to be unstable under the reaction conditions. Ru embedded on the HPS modified with amino groups showed a high yield of stearyl alcohol (86.5%) at high substrate conversion (90%). The analysis of the results showed that Ru–containing catalysts can be concerned the permissive in the carboxylic group reduction of fatty acids. 1% Ru/MN100 showed was found to be the most effective catalyst remaining its activity at a minimum 5 multiple reuses., Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (грант 16-08-00041)

Contains fulltext : 195509.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Linguistic labels are known to facilitate object recognition, yet the mechanism of this facilitation is not well understood. Previous psychophysical studies have suggested that words guide visual perception by activating information about visual object shape. Here we aimed to test this hypothesis at the neural level, and to tease apart the visual and semantic contribution of words to visual object recognition. We created a set of object pictures from two semantic categories with varying shapes, and obtained subjective ratings of their shape and category similarity. We then conducted a word-picture matching experiment, while recording participants' EEG, and tested if the shape or the category similarity between the word's referent and target picture explained the spatiotemporal pattern of the picture-evoked responses. The results show that hearing a word activates representations of its referent's shape, which interacts with the visual processing of a subsequent picture within 100 ms from its onset. Furthermore, non-visual categorical information, carried by the word, affects the visual processing at later stages. These findings advance our understanding of the interaction between language and visual perception and provide insights into how the meanings of words are represented in the brain. 10 p.

Action, gesture, and sign represent unique aspects of human communication that use form and movement to convey meaning. Researchers typically use manual coding of video data to characterize naturalistic, meaningful movements at various levels of description, but the availability of markerless motion-tracking technology allows for quantification of the kinematic features of gestures or any meaningful human movement. We present a novel protocol for extracting a set of kinematic features from movements recorded with Microsoft Kinect. Our protocol captures spatial and temporal features, such as height, velocity, submovements/strokes, and holds. This approach is based on studies of communicative actions and gestures and attempts to capture features that are consistently implicated as important kinematic aspects of communication. We provide open-source code for the protocol, a description of how the features are calculated, a validation of these features as quantified by our protocol versus manual coders, and a discussion of how the protocol can be applied. The protocol effectively quantifies kinematic features that are important in the production (e.g., characterizing different contexts) as well as the comprehension (e.g., used by addressees to understand intent and semantics) of manual acts. The protocol can also be integrated with qualitative analysis, allowing fast and objective demarcation of movement units, providing accurate coding even of complex movements. This can be useful to clinicians, as well as to researchers studying multimodal communication or human–robot interactions. By making this protocol available, we hope to provide a tool that can be applied to understanding meaningful movement characteristics in human communication. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.3758/s13428-018-1086-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.