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Despite increased recognition, South Asian organizations' interest in workforce diversity and its role in enhancing performance in a public environment remains limited. Interpersonal conflict has been a dilemma in collectivist and high power distant culture due to differences among supervisor and subordinate opinions, attributable to workforce diversity. Present study is an attempt to understand the relationship between workforce diversity and contextual performance keeping in view the mediating role of interpersonal conflict and moderating role of supportive leadership. The model is studied on primary data of 440 civil servants drawn through proportionate stratified sampling technique. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are performed before model testing to establish variable construct validity. For model and hypotheses testing, structural equation modeling by using AMOS, and hierarchical regression analysis, by using SPSS is performed. The findings show a partial mediation of interpersonal conflict between workforce diversity and contextual performance. Moreover, moderating role of supportive leadership for workforce diversity and contextual performance in presence of interpersonal conflict is also found. The index of moderated mediation also supported the presence of moderated mediation. The paper reaffirms the social identity theory literature from Pakistan within South Asian region.

Health care industry is in revolutionary state in this era, which mainly focuses on eminence and transformational alterations after COVID-19 pandemic worldwide. Effective communication and proper management of health care officials plays a vital role in health care industry. Inclusion of technological advancement, supportive, and helpful devices prevails bliss among the workers of health care industry. Most of the workers in this industry expects from managers to perform in inspiring and effective manner especially in pandemic or epidemic situations. In this manner, the officials of industry directly effects by their managers. Employees are interested from their managers who can lead in a high-quality and in an inspiring manner. Nurses who're content material of their positions correlate to a discount in group of workers turnover and enhance retention. When the nursing group of workers are glad with their employment, their behaviour affects the personal pleasure and this pleasure rises. Health care groups can see this trickle-down impact via will increase in affected person pleasure ratings over time. The promotion of powerful communication and high-quality attitudes complements a wholesome surroundings for all personnel and group of workers. Health care groups have to examine person nurse managers on devices to sell transformational management qualities; this could immediately bring about group of workers pleasure, employees’ retention, and increases employees’ engagement.

Supply chain integration (SCI) has been widely discussed area in supply chain literature. Based on extended resource based view (RBV), and resource orchestration theory (ROT), our study was conducted to analyze the effects of SCI ( i.e. information integration, process integration and measurement integration) on firm’s performance (i.e. operational, business) in service industries in Pakistan. In addition, we investigate the contingency effect of IT use (i.e. Transaction management, order delivery and customer services, planning & control) on the relationship of integrative Supply chain practices and firm’s performance. We follow step wise hierarchical regression approach by pair wise comparison of performance effect of IT use and each dimension of SCI. Survey data were collected from a sample of firms in food, hospitality, fashion, telecom, IT and retail industries in Pakistan. The empirical results indicate that IT use strengthen the effects of SCI on firm’s performance by significantly moderating the aforementioned relationship. The results demonstrate best model fitted with pair wise interaction between IT use and SCI mechanisms. The study contributes to supply chain literature by analyzing pivotal role of IT use in integrating various supply chain activities in B2 B and B2 C markets. The research has implications for retail managers, service supply chain planners and distribution companies to use IT in integrating supply chain and materializing performance.

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a vital role in the development of an economy. Looking at this perspective, it is imperative to develop the entrepreneurial orientation and to update the entrepreneurial competencies in order to perform in this competitive environment. This research study focusesspecifically on these aspects and attemptsto establish the need of identifying entrepreneurial orientationand entrepreneurial competenciesin entrepreneurs in order to enhance enterprise performance.Researchers have collected the data from SMEs in Pakistan using simple random sampling technique. Partial least square based structural equation modelingis used in order to analyze the data andtotest the hypotheses. Analysis revealed positive relationships between entrepreneurial orientationand entrepreneurial competencies, entrepreneurial competencies and entrepreneurial performance,entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial performance. Moreover, entrepreneurial competency has proved to be a mediatorbetween entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial performance. Resource based view explains the importance of entrepreneurs as competent resources in playing vital role in escalating the performance level of SMEs. Lastly, this study can be used by different stakeholders to emphasize more on developing the competency level of entrepreneurs and determining the level of orientation towards better performance of enterprises.