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Visual inspection technology testing is an application of machine vision theory. In recent years, this field has become an important and rapidly developing field of instrumentation and engineering research. Based on the vision sensor technology, this paper launches the research on the color and texture feature recognition of pen and ink painting. This article first researches the power supply system and obtains the power supply scheme diagram, and then tests the visual sensor in five steps and appropriately optimizes the parameters. Finally, 6 sets of comparative experiments were carried out, each of which was 100 times to identify the color and texture of the pen-and-ink painting. The experimental results are as follows: the number of successful color recognition is 97, 95, 90, 94, 92, and 96 times, and the number of successful texture recognition is 84, 87, 82, 91, 96, and 97 times. &nbsp

Background: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) refer to a type of stem cells which is characterized by great differentiation potential and is easy to obtain. DPSCs are able to be employed for treating immune diseases and tissue regeneration. However, the differentiation ability exhibited by aging DPSCs is reduced, thereby limiting the application. As speculated by the microarray analysis, different expression of miRNAs might be involved in DPSC senescence, whereas comprehensive transcriptome level detection has been rare. Objective and Methods: To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms involved, RNA-seq, pathway enrichment and Gene Ontology Analysis were conducted on aging and young DPSCs. Results: In this study, the differences in lncRNA and mRNA expressions of the aging and young DPSCs were demonstrated, and the vital factors and the relevant pathways were speculated. On the whole, 18950 mRNAs and 21854 lncRNAs were detected, among which 14 mRNAs and 7 lncRNAs were differentially expressed. Furthermore, hsa-miR-6724-5p may be a vital node in the aging process of DPSCs, and its target genes was involved in the dopaminergic synapse. Conclusion: In brief, the aging of DPSCs was significantly dependent of different expressed genes (DEGs) which is related to dopaminergic synapse. However, the specific function and internal relationship of the DEGs should be verified in depth.

With the rapid development of machine learning and artificial intelligence, research on classification models is gradually becoming popular. This article aims to propose a general classification model and classify indicator features. First, this paper constructs the data preprocessing based on K-Means, and data dimensionality reduction based on PCA algorithm. Finally, random forest algorithm (RF) is used for feature classification, and 325 groups of data are used for training. The results show that: (1) The K-Means PCA-RF algorithm constructed in this paper has good robustness and classification performance. (2) K-Means PCA-RF can effectively classify features and perform sensitivity analysis.

There is increasing demand for specialized hardware for training deep neural networks, both in edge/IoT environments and in high-performance computing systems. The design space of such hardware is very large due to the wide range of processing architectures, deep neural network configurations, and dataflow options. This makes developing deep neural network processors quite complex, especially for training. We present TRIM, an infrastructure to help hardware architects explore the design space of deep neural network accelerators for both inference and training in the early design stages. The model evaluates at the whole network level, considering both inter-layer and intra-layer activities. Given applications, essential hardware specifications, and a design goal, TRIM can quickly explore different hardware design options, select the optimal dataflow and guide new hardware architecture design. We validated TRIM with FPGA-based implementation of deep neural network accelerators and ASIC-based architectures. We also show how to use TRIM to explore the design space through several case studies. TRIM is a powerful tool to help architects evaluate different hardware choices to develop efficient inference and training architecture design.

Controlling the perovskite morphology and defects at the buried perovskite-substrate interface is challenging for inverted perovskite solar cells. In this work, we report an amphiphilic molecular hole transporter, (2-(4-(bis(4-methoxyphenyl)amino)phenyl)-1-cyanovinyl)phosphonic acid, that features a multifunctional cyanovinyl phosphonic acid group and forms a superwetting underlayer for perovskite deposition, which enables high-quality perovskite films with minimized defects at the buried interface. The resulting perovskite film has a photoluminescence quantum yield of 17% and a Shockley-Read-Hall lifetime of nearly 7 microseconds and achieved a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.4% with an open-circuit voltage of 1.21 volts and a fill factor of 84.7%. In addition, 1–square centimeter cells and 10–square centimeter minimodules show PCEs of 23.4 and 22.0%, respectively. Encapsulated modules exhibited high stability under both operational and damp heat test conditions.

Background: COVID-19 presented significant challenges to psychiatric staff, while social distancing and remote working necessitated digital communications. NHS England prioritised staff wellbeing. Arts-based creativity interventions appear to improve psychological wellbeing, so this study evaluated online Creativity Workshops as a staff support response for COVID-19-related stress. Methods: Participants were staff from a South London NHS psychiatric hospital. Group Creativity Workshops were facilitated via Microsoft Teams. Acceptability data on pre- and post-workshop mood and attitudes were self-reported by participants. Feasibility data were gathered from adherence to number of workshop components delivered. Results: Eight workshops were delivered in May-September 2020 (N=55) with high adherence to components. Participants reported significantly increased positive mood and attitudes towards themselves and others; and decreased stress and anxiety. Conclusions: Online Creativity Workshops appear feasible and acceptable in reducing stress in psychiatric staff. Integrating a programme of Creativity Workshops within healthcare staff support may benefit staff wellbeing.

Weeds are mainly spread by weed seeds being mixed with agricultural and forestry crop seeds, grain, animal hair, and other plant products, and disturb the growing environment of target plants such as crops and wild native plants. The accurate and efficient classification of weed seeds is important for the effective management and control of weeds. However, classification remains mainly dependent on destructive sampling-based manual inspection, which has a high cost and rather low flux. We considered that this problem could be solved using a nondestructive intelligent image recognition method. First, on the basis of the establishment of the image acquisition system for weed seeds, images of single weed seeds were rapidly and completely segmented, and a total of 47 696 samples of 140 species of weed seeds and foreign materials remained. Then, six popular and novel deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models are compared to identify the best method for intelligently identifying 140 species of weed seeds. Of these samples, 33 600 samples are randomly selected as the training dataset for model training, and the remaining 14 096 samples are used as the testing dataset for model testing. AlexNet and GoogLeNet emerged from the quantitative evaluation as the best methods. AlexNet has strong classification accuracy and efficiency (low time consumption), and GoogLeNet has the best classification accuracy. A suitable CNN model for weed seed classification could be selected according to specific identification accuracy requirements and time costs of applications. This research is beneficial for developing a detection system for weed seeds in various applications. The resolution of taxonomic issues and problems associated with the identification of these weed seeds may allow for more effective management and control.

Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is a disfiguring and sight-threatening autoimmune disease. Previous studies have shown the infiltration of macrophages in GO orbital connective tissues. However, the immunophenotypes of macrophages and their modulatory effects on orbital fibroblasts (OF) have not been examined so far. In this study, we sought to determine the pathophysiology of macrophages in GO.In this case-control study, orbital connective tissues collected from 40 GO patients and 20 healthy controls were immunohistochemically stained for cytokines and macrophage cell surface antigens. The polarization of orbital-infiltrating macrophages was investigated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Effects of interleukin (IL)-6 combined with soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) on the proliferation, differentiation, and inflammation of different OF subsets were examined by CCK-8, Western blotting, and Luminex assays, respectively. The antigen-presenting abilities of different OF subsets under IL-6/sIL-6R signaling were studied by proteomics. Finally, the differentiation of CD8+ IL-17A-producing T cells by sIL-6R was tested.GO orbital connective tissues displayed increased IL-6, sIL-6R, STAT3, and IL-17A levels. CD86+ M1-like macrophages were predominant in active GO patients whilst stable GO patients tended to have more CD163+ M2-like macrophages. The expression of IL-6 was higher in M1-like macrophages and the expression of transforming growth factor-β was higher in M2-like macrophages both in GO orbital connective tissues in situ in vivo and in cell culture system in vitro. The IL-6/sIL-6R stimulation promoted the fibrosis of both CD34+ and CD34- OFs. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression was also induced by IL-6/sIL-6R stimulation in both OF subsets. IL-6/sIL-6R stimulation enhanced antigen processing of CD34+ OFs via up-regulating the intact major histocompatibility complex I and antigen transporters. However, the protein expressions of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor could not be directly increased by IL-6/sIL-6R stimulation in CD34+ OFs. Furthermore, sIL-6R was conducive to the differentiation of CD8+ IL-17A-producing T cells.Our study demonstrated the immunophenotypes of orbital-infiltrating macrophages that may activate OFs depending on the IL-6/sIL-6R signaling in GO. Our preclinical findings implicate, at least in part, the molecular rationale for blocking sIL-6R as a promising therapeutic agent for GO.

The separation of acetylene (C2H2) from carbon dioxide (CO2) and the purification of ethylene (C2H4) from C2H2 are quite essential processes for the chemical industry. However, these processes are challenging due to their similar physical properties, including molecule sizes and boiling points. Herein, we report an N-rich cage-based microporous metal-organic framework (MOF), [Cd5(Tz)9](NO3) (termed as Cd-TZ, TZ stands for tetrazole), and its highly efficient separation of C2H2/CO2 and C2H2/C2H4. Single-component gas adsorption isotherms reveal that Cd-TZ exhibits high C2H2 adsorption capacity (3.10 mmol g-1 at 298 K and 1 bar). The N-rich cages in Cd-TZ can trap C2H2 with a higher isosteric heat of adsorption (40.8 kJ mol-1) than CO2 and C2H4 owing to the robust host-guest interactions between the noncoordinated N atoms and C2H2, which has been verified by molecular modeling studies. Cd-TZ shows a high IAST selectivity for C2H2/CO2 (8.3) and C2H2/C2H4 (13.3). The breakthrough simulations confirm the potential for separating C2H2/CO2 and the purification of C2H4 from C2H2.

Prognosis of HCC remains poor due to lack of effective therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have delayed response and are only effective in a subset of patients. Treatments that could effectively shrink the tumors within a short period of time are idealistic to be employed together with ICIs for durable tumor suppressive effects. HCC acquires increased tolerance to aneuploidy. The rapid division of HCC cells relies on centrosome duplication. In this study, we found that polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4), a centrosome duplication regulator, represents a therapeutic vulnerability in HCC.An orally available PLK4 inhibitor, CFI-400945, potently suppressed proliferating HCC cells by perturbing centrosome duplication. CFI-400945 induced endoreplication without stopping DNA replication, causing severe aneuploidy, DNA damage, micronuclei formation, cytosolic DNA accumulation, and senescence. The cytosolic DNA accumulation elicited the DEAD box helicase 41-stimulator of interferon genes-interferon regulatory factor 3/7-NF-κβ cytosolic DNA sensing pathway, thereby driving the transcription of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes, which recruit immune cells. CFI-400945 was evaluated in liver-specific p53/phosphatase and tensin homolog knockout mouse HCC models established by hydrodynamic tail vein injection. Tumor-infiltrated immune cells were analyzed. CFI-400945 significantly impeded HCC growth and increased infiltration of cluster of differentiation 4-positive (CD4We show that by targeting a centrosome regulator, PLK4, to activate the cytosolic DNA sensing-mediated immune response, CFI-400945 effectively restrained tumor progression through cell cycle inhibition and inducing antitumor immunity to achieve a durable suppressive effect even in late-stage mouse HCC.

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic parasites that frequently invade new host genomes through horizontal transfer. Invading TEs often exhibit a burst of transposition, followed by reduced transposition rates as repression evolves in the host. We recreated the horizontal transfer of P-element DNA transposons into a Drosophila melanogaster host and followed the expansion of TE copies and evolution of host repression in replicate laboratory populations reared at different temperatures. We observed that while populations maintained at high temperatures rapidly go extinct after TE invasion, those maintained at lower temperatures persist, allowing for TE spread and the evolution of host repression. We also surprisingly discovered that invaded populations experienced recurrent insertion of P-elements into a specific long non-coding RNA, lncRNA:CR43651, and that these insertion alleles are segregating at unusually high frequency in experimental populations, indicative of positive selection. We propose that, in addition to driving the evolution of repression, transpositional bursts of invading TEs can drive molecular adaptation.

This paper proposes a selective kernel convolution deep residual network based on the channel-spatial attention mechanism and feature fusion for mechanical fault diagnosis. First, adjacent channel attention modules are connected with the spatial attention mechanism module, then all channel features and spatial features are fused and a channel-spatial attention mechanism is constructed to form the feature enhancement module. Second, the feature enhancement module is embedded in a series model based on selective kernel convolution and deep residual network and combined with multi-layer feature fusion information. The model can more effectively extract fault features from the vibration signal, compared with traditional deep learning methods, and the fault recognition efficiency is improved. Finally, the proposed method was used to experimentally diagnose bearing and gear faults, and identification accuracies of 99.87% and 97.77%, respectively, were achieved. Compared with similar algorithms, the proposed method has higher fault identification ability, thereby demonstrating the advantages of the channel-spatial attention mechanism network. In addition, the accuracy and robustness of the model were verified.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are the only two classes of FDA-approved drugs for individuals with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While TKIs confer only modest survival benefits, ICIs have been associated with remarkable outcomes but only in the minority of patients who respond. Understanding the mechanisms that determine the efficacy of ICIs in HCC will help to stratify patients likely to respond to ICIs. This study aims to elucidate how genetic composition and specific oncogenic pathways regulate the immune composition of HCC, which directly affects response to ICIs.A collection of mouse HCCs with genotypes that closely simulate the genetic composition found in human HCCs were established using genome-editing approaches involving the delivery of transposon and CRISPR-Cas9 systems by hydrodynamic tail vein injection. Mouse HCC tumors were analyzed by RNA-sequencing while tumor-infiltrating T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry and single-cell RNA-sequencing.Based on the CD8Single anti-PD-1 treatment appears to be effective in HCCs with genetic mutations driving hot tumors, while combined anti-PD-1 and sorafenib treatment may be more appropriate in HCCs with genetic mutations driving cold tumors.Genetic alterations of different driver genes in mouse liver cancers are associated with tumor-infiltrating CD8

Moisture-electric generators (MEGs), harvesting ubiquitous moisture from the environment for electricity generation, have attracted great interest as power supply devices. However, there are great challenges associated with material availability, fabrication accessibility and operation environment, which are key factors to achieve high output with low cost for practical applications, and a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanism of interactions between MEGs and water is urgently required. Here, a whey protein available in supermarkets is used to fabricate low-cost MEGs with controllable performance through tuning surface charges and hydrophilicity, which provides new insights into the electricity generation mechanism and large-scale application. The MEGs exhibit the highest voltage output of 1.45 V at a room humidity level of 40% relative humidity. The whey protein films possess the merits of low cost (70 times cheaper than commonly used polymers), being flexible and semi-transparent, and having self-healing ability, presenting excellent comprehensive device performance. Besides, MEGs can operate well at extreme temperatures (-20 degrees C or 50 degrees C) and power a location tracker in a desert with 26% relative humidity. The modified functional layers with selective ion absorption and controllable outputs provided a deeper understanding of electricity generation in MEGs and demonstrated great potential in powering a wide range of electronic devices in various dynamic environments with high sustainability and reliability. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

In this review, the recent research progress of single-atom and particle synergistic catalysts and their electrocatalysis application are introduced.

Phenol trifluoromesylates were utilized as substrates to synthesize aromatic tertiary amines in moderate to excellent yields through a Catellani-type pathway.

A surface engineering strategy to form a highly active Fe–Ni structure on the surfaces of Ni-based catalysts. The surface Fe is readily oxidized under OER conditions, compensating for the charges of Ni and increasing the activity of Ni active sites.

The excited-state properties and photophysics of cytosine aza-analogues, i.e., 2,4-diamino-1,3,5-triazine (2,4-DT) and 2-amino-1,3,5-triazine (2-AT) in solution have been systematically explored using the QM(MS-CASPT2//CASSCF)/MM approach.

A palladium-catalysed C–C bond-forming reaction via deaminative and decarboxylative cross-coupling of organoammonium salts with a series of carboxylic acids (including polyfluoroaromatic, propiolic and α-cyano benzyl carboxylic acids) was developed.