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The future of agriculture is indoor farming and gardening, which eliminates the need for large agricultural fields. Using intelligent grow chambers, which monitor and provide the plants with all the nutrients they need for healthy growth, gardening and farming are simple to accomplish and even better. So, utilizing a programmed hydroponic system, we have designed a three-layer indoor farming and gardening system. Without using soil, gardening is known as hydroponics. For an ideal grow environment, our system uses a sophisticated water supply and drainage system together with air flow and artificial sunshine. Our method would enable indoor organic food production in all weather conditions as and when necessary. By providing optimum plant conditions, the system offers a fully automated way to monitor and support plant development.

Mughal chronicles frequently refer to royal Mughal infants being entrusted to wet nurses for breastfeeding and nurturing. The women chosen for this purpose were invariably the wives of important Mughal officials. It was believed that the quality of milk the baby received determined its future disposition. Therefore, these nurses needed to possess desirable psychological qualities and moral temperaments. They were accorded a high status and usually established a lasting relationship with their charges. As a result, the children of the emperor developed a close association with their wet nurses and their families who, in turn, became the staunchest supporters of their wards. The success, influence, and prestige of these families depended on the political fortune of the royal child they had cared for. If the prince became an emperor, they gained immense power and prestige both in life and death. They were honoured with elaborate funerals and buried in imperial tombs. This article argues that the rationale behind the use of wet nurses by Mughal royalty during Emperor Akbar's reign was not simply a medical or physiological one, it was equally a political instrument for forging ties between prominent families and royalty.

In this paper we will discuss about the tool which is widely use for testing that is SOA (Service oriented architecture). SOA provides the flexibility and connectivity which increases both the opportunity for errors and the complexity of the testing. With Parasoft SOAtest we can test fully integrated API and web service that automate end-to-end functional API testing. Parasoft SOAtest automates API testing by providing advanced test creation capabilities that leverage AI and machine learning to process service definitions and recorded traffic, produce maintainable and reusable test assets, and enable continuous functional and load testing.

PurposeIndia is a rapidly urbanizing developing country with a population of 1.4 Billion. Indian governments have invested USD 50 Billion) in metro rail projects in 18 cities. Metro constructions are multi-stakeholder mega-projects and are prone to a variety of risks. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the risks involved in metro rail construction projects in a densely populated developing country for two types of systems and from two perspectives. Current literature lacks an understanding of similarities and differences in the risks involved in underground and elevated metro projects from clients' and contractors' perspectives, which the paper highlights.Design/methodology/approachA total of twenty-five risks were identified, categorized and assessed through experts' opinions about the impact and probability of occurrence of the risks through a questionnaire-based survey. The survey respondents included experts in metro rail construction from client and contractor sides. Paper uses a Fuzzy Inference System to calibrate risk magnitude from occurrence probability and impact.FindingsA notable difference was observed in the views of clients and contractors, except for certain common risks. Both stakeholders had different risk perceptions for the underground and elevated metro rail systems.Practical implicationsThis study contributes to the risk assessment for different types of metro systems. This research can help policymakers as well as consultants in prioritizing their risk management strategies in developing countries like India.Originality/valueHighlighting the critical aspects of risks in metro projects in a developing country, this paper also provides system-based and stakeholder-based comparative aspects of risk analysis.

The most common use of motors for drones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is to spin the propellers of multi-rotor drones so they can fly. Any aircraft or flying machine operated without a human pilot is called an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Drone engines can also be found in other unmanned vehicle subsystems, such as camera and payload gimbals, flight surfaces, antenna rotators, and landing gear. The drive system of electric cars uses different electric motors. The performance of brushed direct current (DC) motors, induction motors, switched reluctance motors and brushless DC (BLDC) motors is compared according to the requirements of in-wheel motor technology under normal and critical conditions through simulation. This study shows that BLDC motors are the most suitable electric motor for a high-performance drone motor system. To investigate BLDC motor performance under different control algorithms, an accurate motor model is required.

Table S5. miR-124 target list (mNSC Study and miRTarBase).

13-Cis-retinoic acid (RA) is typically used in postremission maintenance therapy in patients with neuroblastoma. However, side effects and recurrence are often observed. We investigated the use of miRNAs as a strategy to replace RA as promoters of differentiation. miR-124 was identified as the top candidate in a functional screen. Genomic target analysis indicated that repression of a network of transcription factors (TF) could be mediating most of miR-124's effect in driving differentiation. To advance miR-124 mimic use in therapy and better define its mechanism of action, a high-throughput siRNA morphologic screen focusing on its TF targets was conducted and ELF4 was identified as a leading candidate for miR-124 repression. By altering its expression levels, we showed that ELF4 maintains neuroblastoma in an undifferentiated state and promotes proliferation. Moreover, ELF4 transgenic expression was able to counteract the neurogenic effect of miR-124 in neuroblastoma cells. With RNA sequencing, we established the main role of ELF4 to be regulation of cell-cycle progression, specifically through the DREAM complex. Interestingly, several cell-cycle genes activated by ELF4 are repressed by miR-124, suggesting that they might form a TF–miRNA regulatory loop. Finally, we showed that high ELF4 expression is often observed in neuroblastomas and is associated with poor survival.Implications:miR-124 induces neuroblastoma differentiation partially through the downregulation of TF ELF4, which drives neuroblastoma proliferation and its undifferentiated phenotype.

Table S7. mSigDB analysis of overlap between miR-124 targets and siELF4 downregulated genes.

Table S1. Cherry picker siRNA list and Primer pairs utilized for qRT-PCR.

Table S2. siELF4 differentially expressed genes.

Figure S1. Knockdown efficiency 48 h after reverse transfection. Figure S2. miR-124 directly binds ELF4 and regulates ELF4 expression. Figure S3. ELF4 ectopic expression antagonizes the effect of miR-124 on differentiation of KELLY cells. Figure S4. ELF4 ectopic expression antagonizes the effect of miR-124 on differentiation of SK-N-DZ cells. Figure S5. High ELF4 expression correlates with poor prognosis of neuroblastoma patients. Figure S6. Synergistic effect of ALK and ELF4 inhibition on differentiation and proliferation of KELLY cells. Figure S7. Validation of RNA-seq Results.

Table S3. Survival analysis of Versteeg and Seeger cohorts.

Table S6. Overlap between miR-124 targets and siELF4 down-regulated genes.

Merged Tuxedo Suite output for tumor data, combining the cuffdiff and cuffnorm tables by unique ENSEMBL identifier

Table S1: Output of ChromHMM and color key. Table S2: Enhancer counts. Table S3: Enhancer distribution. Table S4: Bivalent region counts.

Enhancer normalized expression in FPKM of the 307 genes identified by DAVID in Fig. 5A.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) can be clustered by gene expression into four main subtypes associated with prognosis and survival, but enhancers and other gene-regulatory elements have not yet been identified in primary tumors. Here, we profiled six histone modifications and CTCF binding as well as gene expression in primary gliomas and identified chromatin states that define distinct regulatory elements across the tumor genome. Enhancers in mesenchymal and classical tumor subtypes drove gene expression associated with cell migration and invasion, whereas enhancers in proneural tumors controlled genes associated with a less aggressive phenotype in GBM. We identified bivalent domains marked by activating and repressive chromatin modifications. Interestingly, the gene interaction network from common (subtype-independent) bivalent domains was highly enriched for homeobox genes and transcription factors and dominated by SHH and Wnt signaling pathways. This subtype-independent signature of early neural development may be indicative of poised dedifferentiation capacity in glioblastoma and could provide potential targets for therapy.Significance: Enhancers and bivalent domains in glioblastoma are regulated in a subtype-specific manner that resembles gene regulation in glioma stem cells. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2463–74. ©2018 AACR.

Bivalent regions that are present in at least 8 tumors, and the gene they are located within or proximal to

Bivalent normalized expression in FPKM of the 840 genes identified by DAVID in Fig. 6A.

Figure S1: Copy number alterations in GBM tumor genomes. Figure S2: Clustering of primary GBM tumors relative to GBM-derived cell lines. Figure S3: Gene expression over all 21 chromatin states in GBM tumors. Figure S4: Methylation over all identified chromatin states, over the 11 tumors analyzed in this study. Figure S5: 5hmC signal over enhancers, enhancer distance to genes, average expression of enhancer-associated genes by tumor. Figure S6: Sequence motifs in enhancers. Figure S7: Gene expression and chromatin signal for frequently bivalent domains and associated genes. Figure S8: Histone mark profiles over the HOXB locus, comparing GBM data with Roadmap Epigenomics brain data. Figure S9: Bivalent regions in T98G cells and their overlap with bivalent regions identified in at least 8 tumors.

sequencing statistics for all datasets in this study.

Smooth-coated otters (Lutrogale perspicillata) were transient in Singapore before one resident family group was observed in 1998, presumably having recolonized from Peninsular Malaysia. A population survey in 2017 revealed a minimum of 11 groups and 79 individuals. Since then, movements of otter groups within urban areas have led to increasing numbers of human–otter encounters, including conflicts. We determined the current abundance, population structure, and distribution of smooth-coated otters in Singapore. We assessed seven sampling zones nationwide through verified sighting records and social media. Mortality records from 2019 to 2021 were sourced from the Otter Working Group and Wildlife Reserves Singapore. In early 2021, there were a minimum of 17 groups and 170 individuals. Groups ranged from 2 to 24 individuals. Smooth-coated otters occupy coastal areas, waterways, reservoirs, and sites within the city center in urban gardens and ponds. Following territorial conflicts at waterways, smooth-coated otter groups moved into the urban matrix. Vehicle collisions are the main cause of mortality and are frequent at dams separating freshwater and coastal habitats. While there is a clear increase in smooth-coated otter numbers since 2017, there remain multiple natural and human-caused threats to otter persistence.

This chapter shall discuss various applications of fixed-point theory and fuzzy set theory. Fixed point theory and fuzzy set theory are very useful tools that are applicable in almost all branches of mathematical analysis. There are many problems that cannot be solved by applying the concept of other existing theories but can be solved easily by using the concept of fuzzy set theory and fixed point theory. So here in this chapter, we shall introduce the fuzzy set theory and fixed point theory concerning their applications in existing branches of science, engineering, mathematics, and dynamical systems.

In this article, the behavior of an susceptible exposed infected recovered (SEIR) epidemic model with nonlinear incidence rate and Holling type II treatment function is presented and analyzed. Reproduction number of the model is calculated. Equilibrium points are determined. Disease-free equilibrium exists when R0 is below 1. Behavior of disease-free equilibrium is examined at R0 = 1. Endemic equilibrium exists when R0 crosses 1. Stability of both equilibrium points is investigated locally and globally. Simulation is provided to support the result.

This study discusses an SIR epidemic model with modified saturated incidence rates and Holling functional type-II therapy. In this study, we take the new alert compartment (A) in the SIR compartment model. Consider the modified non-linear incidence rate from the susceptible to the infected class and the second non-linear incidence rate from the alert to the infected class. Further, we investigate the elementary reproduction number, the equilibrium points of the model, and their stability. We apply manifold theory to discuss bifurcations of the disease-free equilibrium point. This study shows that the infected population decreases with the Holling functional type II treatment rate. It also shows that the number of infected people decreases when the psychological rate increases and the contact rate decreases.

Atraumatic gluteal compartment syndrome is a limb- and potentially life-threatening emergency. It is rare, with few reported cases, and can be difficult to diagnosis; a high index of suspicion is required for prompt diagnosis and management. This paper presents the case of a 36-year-old female who was brought into the emergency department following a prolonged period of unconsciousness. She had a delayed diagnosis of gluteal compartment syndrome associated with sciatic nerve palsy and underwent surgical decompression. Following surgery, the patient's symptoms resolved completely. This case highlights that in cases of delayed diagnosis, surgical decompression can still address patient morbidity and improve outcomes.

In this article, we do a study of common fixed point theorems for six self-maps in FM-Spaces using common limit in range property concerning two pairs of products of two different self-maps. We use the properties (CLRTH) and (CLRSR) along with contractive type implicit relations to prove our results. In support of our result, an example has been provided. Our findings are like those of Kumar and Chouhan [12]. Kumar and Chauhan demonstrated their primary result in [12] by improving and generalizing Aalam, Kumar, and Pants' [1] results. In past, many authors have done study of common fixed point using (E-A) property (like Aalam et. al. [1] proved results using this property), and then these results were improved and generalized by using common (E-A) property as this property is superior to (E-A) property, as the closeness of subspace is required to prove a required result on common fixed point by using these properties, which is a drawback. We improve and generalize all results on these properties using common limit in range property. The goal of this note is to refine and generalize Kumar and Chauhan's [12] results on a common fixed point, as well as some earlier comparable results.

Objectives: To estimate the basic reproduction number and herd immunity in India relative to the viral disease COVID-19. Methods: In this study, we analyzed literature from March-2020 to January-2021, which were related to the basic reproduction number and herd immunity of COVID-19 in India. Also, we found the mean value of the basic reproduction number and herd immunity as a result. Findings: According to our study, the basic reproduction number and the percentage of the herd immunity ranged from 1.2561 to 3 and from 20% to 66%, respectively. The mean value of the basic reproduction number and the percentage of the herd immunity is 2.0546 and 51% respectively. Novelty: To the best of our knowledge, no such studies have been conducted in India. Keywords: Basic reproduction number; Herd immunity; COVID19; Vaccination; Regression; etc

Human-Machine Interface (HMI) devices, such as keyboards and mice, have been the primary means of input for computers since their inception. However, these devices have limitations that make them unsuitable for individuals with motor disabilities, motor impairment, or diseases such as paralysis, muscular dystrophy, polio, cerebral palsy, and others. This limits their ability to fully engage in computer-related activities, which can have a significant impact on their quality of life. This research paper proposes that new and emerging technologies, such as Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) and Machine Learning (ML), could be utilized to design a more convenient and accessible HMI solution that improves the quality of life for individuals with physical disabilities. BMI technology enables communication between the brain and external devices, while ML can analyse data and make predictions based on patterns and models. Combining these technologies can provide a more intuitive and adaptive interface that can detect and respond to the user's intentions and needs

Second generation alcoholic biofuels synthesis from lignocellulosic biomass (LB) consists three steps viz., pre-treatment, detoxification, and fermentation. This dilute acid pre-treatment process generates several compounds like acids, aldehydes, ketones, oxides and their phenolic derivatives that are potential inhibitors of some of the crucial enzymes in the metabolic pathway of ABE fermentation. With application of hybrid quantum mechanics/ molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach, our aim is to discern the molecular mechanism of inhibition of keyAADsacross solventogenic species. The objectives of present study are: (1) identification and homology modelling of keyAADs; (2) validation, quality assessment and physiochemical characterization of the modelled enzymes; (3) identification, construction and optimization of chemical structure of potent microbial inhibitors in LH; and (4) applications of hybrid QM/MM simulations to profile the molecular interactions between microbial inhibitors and keyAADs. Our computational investigation has revealed various important facets of inhibition of theAADenzymes, which could guide structural biologist in designing efficient and robust enzymes. Moreover, our methodology also provides a general framework which could applied for deciphering the molecular mechanism of inhibition behaviour of other enzymes.HighlightsHomology modelling of 7alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase(AAD) in solventogenicClostridiaIdentification and structural optimization of potent microbial inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysatesQM/MM simulations to profile the molecular interactions between 10 inhibitors and 7AADsDiscernment of the molecular mechanism of inhibition of keyalcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenaseA methodological framework for deciphering the molecular mechanism of enzyme inhibition

Farming is the backbone of the economy and the most basic form of employment in our nation. For day-to-day survival, a huge portion of the world’s population is reliant on agriculture. The majority of agriculture cannot be productive solely through physical efforts and activities alone. It must be managed by creative technologies and smarter solutions. The physical pressure and stress on the agriculture community has increased due to weaker harvesting. To solve this crucial aspect of farming, we combine IoT and SMS alerts by combining a clever water distribution system with a smarter technique. This paper follows a smart approach that includes a smart water irrigation and agro system with outstanding management for continuous field information monitoring system. The smart farming system utilizes arduino, moisture sensor, PIR sensor, temperature sensors and so on to accurately monitor the surrounding conditions. Preprogramming to a particular value based on the crop requirement actually helps an automatic crop care reducing the man power. Moreover, moisture and humidity level can be specified to allow automatic watering and crop safety during different seasons. Using the technology, the system can monitor and regulate temperature, moisture, and soil dampness of a specific crop. Each of these actions will be controlled by a server connected through the cloud, with the task being carried out by integrating sensors and Arduino. Decisions must be taken based on the observed results.

High interleukin (IL)-6 levels are associated with more severe clinical manifestations in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, but the complex role of IL-6 in antiviral and inflammatory processes has made it difficult to decipher its involvement in the disease. IL-6 receptor blockade by tocilizumab (anti-IL6R; Actemra) is used globally for the treatment of severe COVID-19, yet a molecular understanding of the therapeutic benefit remains unclear. We characterized the immune profile and identified cellular and molecular pathways directly modified by tocilizumab in peripheral blood samples collected from patients enrolled in the COVACTA study, a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that assessed the efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. We identified factors predicting disease severity and clinical outcomes, including markers of inflammation, lymphopenia, myeloid dysregulation, and organ injury. Proteomic analysis confirmed a pharmacodynamic effect for tocilizumab in addition to identifying novel pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that tocilizumab treatment leads to faster resolution of lymphopenia and myeloid dysregulation associated with severe COVID-19, indicating greater anti-inflammatory activity relative to standard of care and potentially leading to faster recovery in patients hospitalized with COVID-19.One sentence summaryInterleukin-6 receptor blockade with tocilizumab accelerated resolution of myeloid dysfunction and lymphopenia in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

Laplace Transform is one of the essential transform techniques. It has many applications in engineering and science. The Laplace transform techniques can be used to solve various partial differential equations and ordinary differential equations that cannot be resolved using conventional techniques. The Laplace transform approach is practically the essential functional method for engineers. The Laplace transform and variations like the fuzzy Laplace transform are advantageous because they directly solve issues such as initial value problems, fuzzy initial value problems, and non-homogeneous differential equations without first resolving the corresponding homogeneous equation. This chapter uses the Laplace transform and its variations to dynamical systems.

In this rapid growing eco-friendly research world, synthesis of non-toxic, highly effective photocatalyst for potential applications is necessary. Herein, a strong ability Bi

Since May 2022, Monkeypox, a zoonotic Orthopox DNA virus was reported in more than 102 countries indicating expansion of its geographic range. We analyzed the complete genomes sequences of Monkeypox cases from Kerala (n=5 travelled from UAE) and Delhi (n=5 no travel history), India confirmed during July to August 2022. All the retrieved MPXV sequences from India covering 90 to 99% genome belong to A.2 lineage of clade IIb. The A.2 MPXV lineage divided in three sub clusters; first cluster Kerala n=5, Delhi n=2 aligned with the USA-2022 ON674051.1; while second of Delhi n=3 aligned with USA-2022 ON675438.1 and third consists of the UK, USA and Thailand. Recent update in MPXV lineage designated all the five sequences from Kerala as A.2.1. In addition to known 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) along with 13 APOBEC3 cytosine deaminase activity determined specific lineage defining mutations in A.2 lineage, 25 additional APOBEC3 mutations were found in 10 reported sequences. The study emphasizes need of enhancing genomic surveillance to understand the mutation and its linkage.

Habit plane variants (HPVs) are traditionally used as the fundamental microstructure unit in micromechanical models of shape memory alloys. Recently, an approach using Correspondence Variants (CVs) has emerged. Previous research has shown that HPVs cannot completely explain superelastic deformation of Nitinol, especially beyond initiation of the martensitic phase transformation that gives rise to superelasticity. In this work, a statistical comparison of both modeling approaches is presented for the case of superelastic Nitinol subjected to uniaxial tension and uniaxial compression. Specifically, volume fractions of variants that contribute to deformation were calculated using the two models and then compared. The relative differences were found to be about 30% in tension and 10% in compression at high strains. Allowing detwinning to occur in the HPV model reduced the relative differences in CV volume fractions to about 20% in tension.

In this study, we have reported a one-step synthesis of a TiO2@MoS2 heterostructure. TiO2@MoS2 was synthesized using a facile and cost-effective method. The as-synthesized TiO2@MoS2 heterostructure was characterized by suitable spectroscopic techniques. The obtained TiO2@MoS2 was utilized as a supercapacitor electrode material. Electrochemical studies show that the TiO2@MoS2 heterostructure possesses a specific capacitance of 337 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g in an aqueous solution. Furthermore, an application as a photocatalyst for the photoreduction of toxic hexavalent chromium was reported for the first time. This heterostructure showed the photoreduction of Cr6+ to Cr3+ in 120 min with formic acid as a scavenger under direct sunlight. A plausible mechanism of photoreduction of Cr6+ to Cr3+ under natural sunlight irradiation using TiO2@MoS2 is proposed.

Background: Dengue, mosquito borne acute febrile viral illness has evolved as a global life threatening public health concern in South east Asia affecting around 2.5 billion individuals in more than 100 countries. Aim: The study was conducted to compare commercially available NS1 Ag card test with IgM Capture ELISA. Materials and Methods: A total of 521 clinically suspected cases of dengue were tested by Rapid Card test and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: Confirmed dengue positive cases by these methods were 228.A total of 222 cases were found to be positive by Card test. Out of these 222 positive samples, 61 (27.5%) were positive for NS1 antigen only. A total of 123 cases were positive for IgM by ELISA (99 for IgM only and 24 for IgM + IgG) as compared to 117 cases by rapid card test. Thus six cases (2.6%) of IgM positivity were missed by the rapid card test. Conclusion: Immunochromatographic testing (ICT) can prove to be a very useful tool for especially in resource poor settings, such as in the peripheral health care center. On the other hand, in tertiary care hospitals, where a large number of samples are to be tested and the technical expertise is available, ELISA can be very effective in diagnosis of dengue infection. Keywords: Dengue Fever, ELISA, NS1 Ag.