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The single image super-resolution (SISR) technique refers to improving the resolution over the original image. In recent years, we use deep learning-based convolutional neural networks to improve the spatial resolution of images more reasonably. To train such deep learning models, we use training samples consisting of the original HR images and LR images obtained by bicubic downsampling. However, this method of training data using downsampling has a negative impact when applying the trained model to real images. That is because the downsampling function that occurs in the real image is unknown, and the hypothetically created LR image does not represent the resolution degradation that can realistically occur. Therefore, SISR methods that use realistic degradation called real-world super-resolution (RWSR) have been proposed. In this paper, we investigate how such RWSR methods using realistic degradation affect the SISR performance of satellite images. The results of applying the trained model to optical satellite images show that the RWSR method is not the most effective way to handle optical satellite images when compared to the deep learning method without modeling the degradation. In particular, we showed that the effect of RWSR with not only upsampling but also noise and blur removal is significant in the visibility of optical satellite images. Moreover, pre-trained RWSR models can be an aid in visually deciphering ground objects.

The Borromean halo nucleus $^{6}$He has been studied by a kinematically complete measurement of Coulomb and nuclear breakup into α + 2n on Pb and C targets at 70 MeV/nucleon. Fully quantum-mechanical four-body breakup calculations reproduce the energy and angular differential cross sections below Erel∼1 MeV for both targets. The model used here reproduces the $^{6}$He ground-state properties as well as α-n and n-n scattering data and predicts an average opening angle 〈θnn〉 of 68$^{∘}$ between the two halo neutrons. However, the model underestimates the breakup cross sections for higher Erel, indicating a possible contribution from the inelastic breakup. Alternatively, we examine the empirically modified calculations that reproduce the energy-differential cross sections for a wide range of scattering angles for both targets. The extracted B(E1) peaks at Erel∼1.4 MeV and amounts to 1.6(2) e$^{2}$fm$^{2}$ for Erel ≤ 20 MeV, resulting 〈θnn〉 = 56−10+9 degrees. In either interpretation, the current results show evidence of the dineutron spatial correlation in $^{6}$He.

Nobuaki Shime,1,2 Nobuyuki Saito,3 Miya Bokui,4 Naoki Sakane,5 Mitsuhiro Kamimura,6 Tsutomu Shinohara,7 Tadashi Kosaka,8 Hisashi Ishikura,9 Atsuko Kobayashi,10 1Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; 2Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan; 3Shock and Trauma Center, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Inzai, Japan; 4Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan; 5Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Centre, Kyoto, Japan; 6Department of Pulmonology, National Hospital Organization Disaster Medical Centre, Tokyo, Japan; 7Department of Clinical Investigation, National Hospital Organization Kochi Hospital, Kochi, Japan; 8Department of Pharmacy, Kyoto Prefectural University, School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan; 9Department of Surgery, Tokushima Red Cross Hospital, Komatsushima, Japan; 10Department of Central Laboratory, Takarazuka City Hospital, Hyogo, Japan Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes associated with anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) antimicrobials. Methods: We reviewed a prospective database of 247 consecutive patients with clinically and microbiologically confirmed MRSA infections, hospitalized in 7 Japanese hospitals between April 2014 and March 2015, and treated with anti-MRSA pharmaceuticals. Survival was measured at 30 days. We examined the relationships between initial antimicrobial administered and survival and organ toxicity. HR and 95% CIs were calculated. Results: Overall 30-day mortality was 12%. The lungs were infected in 105 (41%), skin and soft tissue in 73 (30%), and bones and joints in 21 (9%) patients. Bacteremia complicated the illness in 69 patients (28%). Among 5 pharmaceuticals, vancomycin was prescribed to 174 (71%), linezolid to 38 (16%), teicoplanin to 22 (9%), and daptomycin to 11 (5%) patients. Vancomycin tended to be associated with the lowest survival (HR=2.47; 95% CI=0.93–6.51; P=0.067), particularly in the lung-infected subgroup (HR=4.85; 95% CI=1.12–20.94; P=0.034) after adjustments for baseline illness severity. The incidence of renal dysfunction tended to be higher in patients with trough serum concentrations of vancomycin >15 mg/dL. Conclusion: In this observational study reflecting real-world conditions, vancomycin was associated with higher 30-day mortality and incidence of kidney dysfunction than other anti-MRSA agents. The significance of the differences observed among antimicrobials other than vancomycin is uncertain. Keywords: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin, linezolid, infectious mortality, renal dysfunction

Mechanical and electrochemical performance of layers composed of Ni-YSZ cermet in solid oxide fuel and electrolysis cells (SOC) depends on their microstructure and initial internal stresses. After sintering, the manufacturing conditions, i.e. temperature, atmosphere and loads, can influence the microstructure and in particular the internal stresses in the Ni-YSZ layer and thereby the cell performance. Spatially resolved observation of the phase transition during reduction can provide information on how parameters like temperature and external load influence the reaction progress. This information is crucial for optimization of the SOC performance. In this work the measurements with energy resolved neutron imaging of the phase transition during the NiOYSZ reduction performed at different temperatures with and without applied load, are presented. The results indicate a link between reduction rate and stress, which will influence the initial stress field of the SOC stacks.

We have measured ^Al, ^Cu and ^Co spin-echo spectra for Al_Cu_XCo_(X=6, 12, 15) Al_Co_ and Al_Co_ decagonal quasicrystals and for Al_Co_ monoclinic compound. The line shape and peak shift suggest different local atomic configuration in these phases. It seems that the Al atoms make a quasicrystalline skeleton in the decagonal phase, and the Co atoms also enter symmetric sites three dimensionally. On the other hand, the Cu atoms occupy asymmetric sites characteristic of the decagonal phase. For the Al_Co_ monoclinic compound, the Al atoms occupy the one crystallographic site but the Co atoms occupy three different sites whereas the decagonal phase has a less metallic Co atom among those sites.

We study whether or not magnetic monopoles are generated from calorons defined in the space $\mathbb{R}^3\times S^1$ with the period $\beta$. We give numerical evidence that one-caloron solution with nontrivial holonomy generates two loops of magnetic monopole and each loop passing through one of the two poles of the caloron winds along the time direction for small $\beta$, while two loops approach each other to fuse into an unwinding loop for large $\beta$, suggesting the existence of a critical value of $\beta$ separating two different phases. This work is a first step to explain quark confinement/deconfinement at finite temperature from the viewpoint of dual superconductor picture in our framework., Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables

We show that the non-Abelian magnetic monopole defined in a gauge-invariant way in SU(3) Yang-Mills theory gives a dominant contribution to confinement of the fundamental quark, in sharp contrast to the SU(2) case., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, A contribution to the proceedings of "The many faces of QCD", Ghent (Belgium), November 1-5, 2010

This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the American Institute of Physics. The following article appeared in JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 107(9):09E718 (2010) and may be found at https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3362902 ., A strain sensor using a stress-magnetoresistance effect of a Ni-Fe/Mn-Ir exchange-coupled magnetic film was fabricated and evaluated. The stress magnetoresistance is used in the inverse magnetostrictive effect and the magnetoresistance effect in the magnetic film since an external stress is changed into an electric resistance in it. A compressive stress was measured by the strain sensor with a Mn-Ir (10 nm)/Ni-Fe (50 nm)/Ru (1 nm) exchange-coupled film. The change in resistivity Delta rho/rho is proportional to the applied compressive stress sigma for sigma, Article, JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS. 107(9):09E718 (2010)

Recently, we have developed a reformulation of the lattice Yang-Mills theory based on the change of variables a la Cho-Faddeev-Niemi combined with a non-Abelian Stokes theorem. In this talk, we give a new procedure (called reduction) for obtaining the color field which plays the central role in this reformulation. In the 4D SU(2) lattice Yang-Mills theory, we confirm the gauge-independent "abelian" dominance and gauge-independent magnetic-monopole dominance in the string tension extracted from the Wilson loop in the fundamental representation., Comment: 7 pages, 1 figure. Contribution to the "XXVII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory", July 26-31, 2009, Peking University, Beijing, China

We give new descriptions of lattice SU(N) Yang-Mills theory in terms of new lattice variables. The validity of such descriptions has already been demonstrated in the SU(2) Yang-Mills theory by our previous works from the viewpoint of defining and extracting topological degrees of freedom such as gauge-invariant magnetic monopoles and vortices which play the dominant role in quark confinement. In particular, we have found that the SU(3) lattice Yang-Mills theory has two possible options, maximal and minimal: The existence of the minimal option has been overlooked so far, while the maximal option reproduces the conventional SU(3) Cho-Faddeev-Niemi-Shabanov decomposition in the naive continuum limit. The new description gives an important framework for understanding the mechanism of quark confinement based on the dual superconductivity., Cover+18 pages, 1 figure; version to appear in Phys. Lett. B

Dual superconductivity is believed to be a promising mechanism for quark confinement and has been investigated on a lattice effectively by a particular gauge called the maximal Abelian (MA) gauge. We propose a new formulation of SU(3) Yang-Mills theory on a lattice based on a non-linear change of variables where the new field variables are expected to reduce to those of the Cho-Faddeev-Niemi- Shabanov decomposition in the continuum limit. By introducing a new variable, say color field, carrying the color direction with it, this formulation enables us to restore and maintain color symmetry that was lost in the conventional MA gauge due to the naive separation of the gauge potential into diagonal and off-diagonal components. An advantage of this formulation is that we can define gaugeinvariant magnetic monopoles without relying on specific gauges to investigate quark confinement from the viewpoint of dual superconductivity. In this talk, we will present the relevant lattice formulation to realize the above advantages and preliminary results of numerical simulations to demonstrate the validity of this formulation. This SU(3) formulation is an extension of the SU(2) version already proposed by us in the previous conference., 7 pages, talk presented at the XXVth International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 30 - August 4 2007, Regensburg, Germany

We give a short review of recently obtained results on a new lattice formulation of the non-linear change of variables which was once called the Cho--Faddeev--Niemi decomposition in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. Based on this formulation, we proposed a new gauge-invariant definition of the magnetic monopole current which guarantees the magnetic charge quantization. We also demonstrated the magnetic monopole dominance in the string tension in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory on a lattice. Our formulation enables one to reproduce in the gauge-invariant way remarkable results obtained so far only in the Maximally Abelian gauge., 7 pages, talk presented at Lattice 2006 (Confinement and Topology)

The dual superconductivity is believed to be a promising mechanism for quark confinement. Indeed, what this picture is true has been confirmed in the maximal Abelian (MA) gauge. However, it is not yet confirmed in any other gauge and the MA gauge explicitly breaks color symmetry. To remedy this defect, we propose to use our compact formulation of a non-linear change of variables on a lattice. This formulation has succeeded to extract the magnetic monopole with integer-valued magnetic charge in the gauge-invariant way. In this talk, we present measurements of various correlation functions for the operators constructed from the CFN variables in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. Some of our results reproduce previous results obtained in MA gauge, e.g., DeGrant-Toussaint monopole, infrared Abelian dominance and off-diagonal gluon mass generation. These studies preserve color symmetry, in sharp contrast to the conventional MA gauge. We argue the gauge fixing independence of these results and the implications to quark confinement, 7 pages, 4 figures, talk presented at Lattice 2006 (Confinement and Topology)

We present a first numerical evidence for the existence of a novel magnetic condensate proposed recently by one of the authors in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. In our framework, the spontaneously generated color magnetic field identified with the Savvidy vacuum has the microscopic origin and is a consequence of the intrinsic dynamics of the Yang-Mills theory. It strongly suggests the Nielsen--Olesen instability of the Savvidy vacuum disappears and the stability is restored without the need of the Copenhagen vacuum. The implications to the Faddeev-Skyrme model are also discussed. These results are obtained through the first implementation of the Cho--Faddeev--Niemi decomposition of the Yang-Mills field on a lattice., 2+36 pages, 13 figures; no change of conclusion, Introduction and Sec. 3.1.2 are improved, Sec. 4.8 is added, Discussion is supplemented by remarks on the gauge invariance, Appendix A.2 is added, A.1 and A.3 are simplified, references [3][4][12][33][51][52] are added, typos are corrected; numerous minor changes of presentations

Trisomy 21 (Ts21) is the most common live-born human aneuploidy and results in a constellation of features known as Down syndrome (DS). Ts21 is a frequent cause of congenital heart defects and the leading genetic cause of mental retardation. Although overexpression of a gene(s) or gene cluster on human chromosome 21 (Chr 21) or the genome imbalance by Ts21 has been suggested to play a key role in bringing about the diverse DS phenotypes, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying the various phenotypes associated with DS. Four approaches have been used to model DS to investigate the gene dosage effects of an extra copy of Chr 21 on various phenotypes; 1) Transgenic mice overexpressing a single gene from Chr 21, 2) YAC/BAC/PAC transgenic mice containing a single gene or genes on Chr 21, 3) Mice with intact/partial trisomy 16, a region with homology to human Chr 21 and 4) Human Chr 21 transchromosomal (Tc) mice. Here we review our new model system for the study of DS using the Tc technology, including the biological effects of an additional Chr 21 in vivo and in vitro.

We discuss the renormalization of a BRST and anti-BRST invariant composite operator of mass dimension 2 in Yang-Mills theory with the general BRST and anti-BRST invariant gauge fixing term of the Lorentz type. The interest of this study stems from a recent claim that the non-vanishing vacuum condensate of the composite operator in question can be an origin of mass gap and quark confinement in any manifestly covariant gauge, as proposed by one of the authors. First, we obtain the renormalization group flow of the Yang-Mills theory. Next, we show the multiplicative renormalizability of the composite operator and that the BRST and anti-BRST invariance of the bare composite operator is preserved under the renormalization. Third, we perform the operator product expansion of the gluon and ghost propagators and obtain the Wilson coefficient corresponding to the vacuum condensate of mass dimension 2. Finally, we discuss the connection of this work with the previous works and argue the physical implications of the obtained results., 49 pages, 35 eps-files, A number of typographic errors are corrected. A paragraph is added in the beginning of section 5.3. Two equations (7.1) and (7.2) are added. A version to be published in Phys. Rev. D

Most of the prognostic factors of invasive colon cancer are controversial, and tumor stage is accepted worldwide in relation to survival. In this study, relationships between the 5-year survival rate and prevailing tumor stages were investigated, and pathological factors relating to nodal involvement which is an important determinant of staging were analyzed. The pTNM system, Borrmann classification and the Japanese microscopic stage were significantly related to the survival rates, as well as the presence or absence of nodal involvement. Accuracy of intraoperative diagnosis of nodal involvement was poor; 11.7% of patients with macroscopic negative-nodes and 36% of those with positive-nodes were microscopically found to be false. Complete resection of primary tumor with adequate nodal-dissection can contribute to better survival of colon cancer patients.

A new unstable hanoglobin was discovered in a Japanese boy without any signs of hemolytic disease during screening of patients by the isopropanol test. The abnormal hemoglobin was found in three generations. This slightly unstable hemoglobin could not be separated from Hb A by electrophoresis. All carriers showed an increased whole blood oxygen affinity. Structural studies demonstrated a previously unreported amino acid substitution, β23[B5] valine → glycine. This new unstable variant has been named Hb Miyashiro.

開始ページ、終了ページ: 冊子体のページ付け

開始ページ、終了ページ: 冊子体のページ付け

The retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell has long been considered an important regulatory cell, maintaining physiological and structural balance within the retina. We have previously shown that the RPE cell may also be important in autoimmunity and transplantation. These cells can be induced by cytokines to express MHC class II Ag in ocular inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. In this report we show that isolated rat RPE cells can be induced to express class II Ag following incubation with rat rIFN-gamma. The ability of RPE cells to present Ag was determined by both T cell proliferation assays and IL-2 production. Only the Ia-positive RPE cells can present retinal Ag (S-Ag and interphotoreceptor-binding protein) to specifically sensitized rat Th cells. Moreover, the ability of chloroquine to inhibit this activity suggests that the RPE cell is also capable of processing Ag prior to Ag presentation. These studies indicate that cytokine-mediated activation of RPE cells may be a basic component of ocular immunity and an important aspect of RPE cell transplantation.

A 66-year-old woman presented to our outpatient clinic with abdominal discomfort in April, 2008. Ultrasound revealed a hypo-echoic 10cm mass in the right hepatic lobe but no indication of chronic liver disease, with similar results in her history, on physical exam, and imaging. Serum testing did not identify any systemic disease. The mass was suspected to be intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and right hepatic lobectomy was performed. Histologic examination of the specimen revealed numerous spindle cells, and immunostaining confirmed a definitive diagnosis of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the liver. On subsequent review of the case, an abdominal CT performed 2.5 years earlier for unrelated symptoms had shown a 1cm faint low density area in the same location as the mass. The doubling time of this tumor was about 95 days.

The internal conversion electrons from M and N shells of the 14.4 keV transition of ^Fe diffused into Cr, Ni, Cu, Pt and Au substrates were measured using a high-resolution β-ray spectrometer. From relative intensities of conversion electrons analyzed using a deconvolution method, we deduced the contact charge density of 4s electrons ρ_(0) of ^Fe impurity atom in these host metals. The 4s contact charge density of ^Fe embedded in these host metals, as well as Fe and Co metals, is found to be nearly equal. This fact indicates that the 3s contact charge density ρ_(0) plays an important role in the variation of the isomer shift of ^Fe in these alloys.

In this paper, we have studied an additively manufactured metallic component, intended for ultra-high vacuum application, the exit-snout of the MACHINA transportable proton accelerator beam-line. Metal additive manufacturing components can exhibit heterogeneous and anisotropic microstructures. Two non-destructive imaging techniques, X-ray computed tomography and Neutron Tomography, were employed to examine its microstructure. They unveiled the presence of porosity and channels, the size and composition of grains and intergranular precipitates, and the general behavior of the spatial distribution of the solidification lines. While X-ray computed tomography evidenced qualitative details about the surface roughness and internal defects, neutron tomography showed excellent ability in imaging the spatial density distribution within the component. The anisotropy of the density was attributed to the material building orientation during the 3D printing process. Density variations suggest the possibility of defect pathways, which could affect high vacuum performances. In addition, these results highlight the importance of considering building orientation in the design for additive manufacturing for UHV applications. Graphical Abstract