126 results on '"Shima, T."'
Search Results
2. The 8-item NHANES pocket smell test®: Normative data
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On, Aretha, Moein, Shima T., Khan, Rafa, and Doty, Richard L
- Abstract
This study provides normative data useful for interpreting scores from the Pocket Smell Test® (PST®), a brief “scratch & sniff” neuropsychological olfactory screening test comprised of 8 items from the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT®). We combined 3,485 PST® scores from the 2013 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Survey (NHANES) of persons 40 years of age and older with equivalent PST® items extracted from an UPSIT® database of 3,900 persons ranging in age from 5 to 99 years. Decade-related age- and gender-adjusted percentile normative data were established across the entire age spectrum. Cut-points for defining clinically useful categories of anosmia, probable microsmia, and normosmia were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses. An age-related decline in test scores was evident for both sexes after the age of 40 years, with women outperforming men. Based on the ROC analyses, subjects scoring 3 or less (AUC = 0.81) defines anosmia. Regardless of sex, a score of 7 or 8 on the N-PST® signifies normal function (AUC of 0.71). Probable microsmia is classified as scores extending from 3 to 6. These data provide an accurate means for interpreting PST® scores within a number of clinical and applied settings.
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- 2023
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3. Ordinary muon capture rates on $^{100}$Mo and $^{\rm nat}$Mo for astro-antineutrinos and double beta decays
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Hashim, I. H., Ejiri, H., Ghani, N. N. A. M. A., Othman, F., Razali, R., Ng, Z. W., Shima, T., Tomono, D., Zinatulina, D., Schirchenko, M., Kazartsev, S., Sato, A., Kawashima, Y., Ninomiya, K., and Takahisa, K.
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,F.2.2 ,G.3 ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
\item[Background] The nuclear responses for antineutrinos associated with double beta decays (DBDs) and astro-antineutrino interactions are studied by measuring ordinary muon capture (OMC) rates. \item[Purpose]The experimental studies of absolute OMC rates and their mass number dependence for $^{100}$Mo and the natural Mo are currently of interest in astro-antineutrinos and DBDs. \item[Method]The OMC rates were obtained experimentally by measuring the time spectrum of the trapped muon's decay into electrons to obtain the half-lives of the trapped muons. \item[Results]The OMC rate for the enriched isotope of $^{100}$Mo is $\Lambda$($^{100}$Mo)=(7.07$\pm$0.32)$\times10^{6}$ s$^{-1}$, while that for the natural Mo is $\Lambda$($^{\rm nat}$Mo)=(9.66$\pm$0.44)$\times10^{6}$ s$^{-1}$, i.e., $\Lambda$($^{100}$Mo) is about 27$\%$ of $\Lambda$($^{\rm nat}$Mo), reflecting the blocking effect of the excess neutrons for the proton-to-neutron transformation in OMC. The present experimental observation is consistent with the predictions using Goulard-Primakoff's (GPs) and Primakoff's (Ps) empirical equations. \item[Conclusions] The absolute OMC rates for $^{100}$Mo and $^{\rm nat}$Mo were measured. The large neutron excess in $^{100}$Mo gives a much lower OMC rate than $^{\rm nat}$Mo. On both $^{100}$Mo and $^{\rm nat}$Mo, consistent OMC rates with the GP and P values are observed., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
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- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Angular distribution of $\gamma$-rays from a neutron-induced $p$-wave resonance of $^{132}$Xe
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Okudaira, T., Tani, Y., Endo, S., Doskow, J., Fujioka, H., Hirota, K., Kameda, K., Kimura, A., Kitaguchi, M., Luxnat, M., Sakai, K., Schaper, D., Shima, T., Shimizu, H. M., Snow, W. M., Takada, S., Yamamoto, T., Yoshikawa, H., and Yoshioka, T.
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Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
A neutron-energy dependent angular distribution was measured for individual $\gamma$-rays from the 3.2 eV $p$-wave resonance of $^{131}$Xe+$n$, that shows enhanced parity violation owing to a mixing between $s$- and $p$-wave amplitudes. The $\gamma$-ray transitions from the $p$-wave resonance were identified, and the angular distribution with respect to the neutron momentum was evaluated as a function of the neutron energy for 7132 keV $\gamma$-rays, which correspond to a transition to the 1807 keV excited state of $^{132}$Xe. The angular distribution is considered to originate from the interference between $s$- and $p$-wave amplitudes, and will provide a basis for a quantitative understanding of the enhancement mechanism of the fundamental parity violation in compound nuclei.
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- 2022
5. Personality traits can predict architectural preferences: A machine learning approach
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Mohsen Dehghani Tafti, Masoud Ahmadzad-Asl, Gholamhossein Memarian, Mehrnaz Fallah Tafti, Reza Rajimehr, Sarvenaz Soltani, Fatemeh Sadat Mirfazeli, Abdol-Hossein Vahabie, Shima T. Moein, and Farhang Mozaffar
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Visual Arts and Performing Arts ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Applied Psychology - Published
- 2022
6. Measurement of the transverse asymmetry of $\gamma$-rays in the $^{117}$Sn(n,$\gamma$)$^{118}$Sn reaction
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Endo, S., Okudaira, T., Abe, R., Fujioka, H., Hirota, K., Kimura, A., Kitaguchi, M., Oku, T., Sakai, K., Shima, T., Shimizu, H. M., Takada, S., Takahashi, S., Yamamoto, T., Yoshikawa, H., and Yoshioka, T.
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Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
Largely enhanced parity-violating effects observed in compound resonances induced by epithermal neutrons are currently attributed to the mixing of parity-unfavored partial amplitudes in the entrance channel of the compound states. Furthermore, it is proposed that the same mechanism that enhances the parity-violation also enhances the breaking of time-reversal-invariance in the compound nucleus. The entrance-channel mixing induces energy-dependent spin-angular correlations of individual $\gamma$-rays emitted from the compound nuclear state. For a detailed study of the mixing model, a $\gamma$-ray yield in the reaction of $^{117}$Sn(n,$\gamma$)$^{118}$Sn was measured using the pulsed beam of polarized epithermal neutrons and Ge detectors. An angular dependence of asymmetric $\gamma$-ray yields for the orientation of the neutron polarization was observed., Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures
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- 2022
7. Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD : an individual patient data meta-analysis
- Author
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Mozes, F. E., Lee, J. A., Selvaraj, E. A., Jayaswal, A. N. A., Trauner, M., Boursier, J., Fournier, C., Staufer, K., Stauber, R. E., Bugianesi, E., Younes, R., Gaia, S., Lupsor-Platon, M., Petta, S., Shima, T., Okanoue, T., Mahadeva, S., Chan, W. -K., Eddowes, P. J., Newsome, P. N., Wong, V. W. -S., de Ledinghen, V., Fan, J., Shen, F., Cobbold, J. F., Sumida, Y., Okajima, A., Schattenberg, J. M., Labenz, C., Kim, W., Lee, M. S., Wiegand, J., Karlas, T., Yilmaz, Y., Aithal, G. P., Palaniyappan, N., Cassinotto, C., Aggarwal, S., Garg, H., Ooi, G. J., Nakajima, A., Yoneda, M., Ziol, M., Barget, N., Geier, A., Tuthill, T., Brosnan, M. J., Anstee, Q. M., Neubauer, S., Harrison, S. A., Bossuyt, P. M., Pavlides, M., Anstee, Q., Daly, A., Johnson, K., Govaere, O., Cockell, S., Tiniakos, D., Bedossa, P., Oakley, F., Cordell, H., Day, C., Wonders, K., Bossuyt, P., Zafarmand, H., Vali, Y., Lee, J., Ratziu, V., Clement, K., Pais, R., Schuppan, D., Schattenberg, J., Vidal-Puig, T., Vacca, M., Rodrigues-Cuenca, S., Allison, M., Kamzolas, I., Petsalaki, E., Oresic, M., Hyotylainen, T., Mcglinchey, A., Mato, J. M., Millet, O., Dufour, J. -F., Berzigotti, A., Harrison, S., Cobbold, J., Mozes, F., Akhtar, S., Banerjee, R., Kelly, M., Shumbayawonda, E., Dennis, A., Erpicum, C., Graham, M., Romero-Gomez, M., Gomez-Gonzalez, E., Ampuero, J., Castell, J., Gallego-Duran, R., Fernandez, I., Montero-Vallejo, R., Karsdal, M., Erhardtsen, E., Rasmussen, D., Leeming, D. J., Fisker, M. J., Sinisi, A., Musa, K., Betsou, F., Sandt, E., Tonini, M., Rosso, C., Armandi, A., Marra, F., Gastaldelli, A., Svegliati, G., Francque, S., Vonghia, L., Ekstedt, M., Kechagias, S., Yki-Jarvinen, H., Porthan, K., van Mil, S., Papatheodoridis, G., Cortez-Pinto, H., Valenti, L., Miele, L., Trautwein, C., Aithal, G., Hockings, P., Newsome, P., Wenn, D., Rodrigues, C. M. P., Chaumat, P., Hanf, R., Trylesinski, A., Ortiz, P., Duffin, K., Brosnan, J., Mcleod, E., Ertle, J., Ostroff, R., Alexander, L., Kjaer, M. S., Mikkelsen, L. F., Balp, M. -M., Brass, C., Jennings, L., Martic, M., Loeffler, J., Hanauer, G., Shankar, S., Pepin, K., Ehman, R., Myers, J., Ho, G., Torstenson, R., Myers, R., Doward, L., LITMUS Investigators, University of Denver, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Hémodynamique, Interaction Fibrose et Invasivité tumorales Hépatiques (HIFIH), Université d'Angers (UA), SUACI Alpes du Nord, Medical University Graz, Mozes, Ferenc Emil, Lee, Jenny A., Selvaraj, Emmanuel Anandraj, Jayaswal, Arjun Narayan Ajmer, Trauner, Michael, Boursier, Jerome, Fournier, Celine, Staufer, Katharina, Stauber, Rudolf E., Bugianesi, Elisabetta, Younes, Ramy, Gaia, Silvia, Lupsor-Platon, Monica, Petta, Salvatore, Shima, Toshihide, Okanoue, Takeshi, Mahadeva, Sanjiv, Chan, Wah-Kheong, Eddowes, Peter J., Hirschfield, Gideon M., Newsome, Philip Noel, Wong, Vincent Wai-Sun, de Ledinghen, Victor, Fan, Jiangao, Shen, Feng, Cobbold, Jeremy F., Sumida, Yoshio, Okajima, Akira, Schattenberg, Joern M., Labenz, Christian, Kim, Won, Lee, Myoung Seok, Wiegand, Johannes, Karlas, Thomas, Yilmaz, Yusuf, Aithal, Guruprasad Padur, Palaniyappan, Naaventhan, Cassinotto, Christophe, Aggarwal, Sandeep, Garg, Harshit, Ooi, Geraldine J., Nakajima, Atsushi, Yoneda, Masato, Ziol, Marianne, Barget, Nathalie, Geier, Andreas, Tuthill, Theresa, Brosnan, M. Julia, Anstee, Quentin Mark, Neubauer, Stefan, Harrison, Stephen A., Bossuyt, Patrick M., Pavlides, Michael, Epidemiology and Data Science, APH - Methodology, APH - Personalized Medicine, ACS - Atherosclerosis & ischemic syndromes, APH - Aging & Later Life, ARD - Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Graduate School, Mozes F.E., Lee J.A., Selvaraj E.A., Jayaswal A.N.A., Trauner M., Boursier J., Fournier C., Staufer K., Stauber R.E., Bugianesi E., Younes R., Gaia S., Lupsor-Platon M., Petta S., Shima T., Okanoue T., Mahadeva S., Chan W.-K., Eddowes P.J., Newsome P.N., Wong V.W.-S., de Ledinghen V., Fan J., Shen F., Cobbold J.F., Sumida Y., Okajima A., Schattenberg J.M., Labenz C., Kim W., Lee M.S., Wiegand J., Karlas T., Yilmaz Y., Aithal G.P., Palaniyappan N., Cassinotto C., Aggarwal S., Garg H., Ooi G.J., Nakajima A., Yoneda M., Ziol M., Barget N., Geier A., Tuthill T., Brosnan M.J., Anstee Q.M., Neubauer S., Harrison S.A., Bossuyt P.M., Pavlides M., Anstee Q., Daly A., Johnson K., Govaere O., Cockell S., Tiniakos D., Bedossa P., Oakley F., Cordell H., Day C., Wonders K., Bossuyt P., Zafarmand H., Vali Y., Lee J., Ratziu V., Clement K., Pais R., Schuppan D., Schattenberg J., Vidal-Puig T., Vacca M., Rodrigues-Cuenca S., Allison M., Kamzolas I., Petsalaki E., Oresic M., Hyotylainen T., McGlinchey A., Mato J.M., Millet O., Dufour J.-F., Berzigotti A., Harrison S., Cobbold J., Mozes F., Akhtar S., Banerjee R., Kelly M., Shumbayawonda E., Dennis A., Erpicum C., Graham M., Romero-Gomez M., Gomez-Gonzalez E., Ampuero J., Castell J., Gallego-Duran R., Fernandez I., Montero-Vallejo R., Karsdal M., Erhardtsen E., Rasmussen D., Leeming D.J., Fisker M.J., Sinisi A., Musa K., Betsou F., Sandt E., Tonini M., Rosso C., Armandi A., Marra F., Gastaldelli A., Svegliati G., Francque S., Vonghia L., Ekstedt M., Kechagias S., Yki-Jarvinen H., Porthan K., van Mil S., Papatheodoridis G., Cortez-Pinto H., Valenti L., Miele L., Trautwein C., Aithal G., Hockings P., Newsome P., Wenn D., Rodrigues C.M.P., Chaumat P., Hanf R., Trylesinski A., Ortiz P., Duffin K., Brosnan J., McLeod E., Ertle J., Ostroff R., Alexander L., Kjaer M.S., Mikkelsen L.F., Balp M.-M., Brass C., Jennings L., Martic M., Loeffler J., Hanauer G., Shankar S., Pepin K., Ehman R., Myers J., Ho G., Torstenson R., Myers R., and Doward L.
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Liver Cirrhosis ,Male ,Cirrhosis ,LIVER STIFFNESS MEASUREMENT ,Biopsy ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,biostatistics ,Gastroenterology ,DISEASE ,clinical decision making ,fatty liver ,hepatic fibrosis ,0302 clinical medicine ,Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ,Fibrosis ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS ,TRANSIENT ELASTOGRAPHY ,Fatty liver ,CHRONIC HEPATITIS ,Middle Aged ,3. Good health ,Settore AGR/03 - Arboricoltura Generale E Coltivazioni Arboree ,Liver ,Liver biopsy ,BIOPSY ,Elasticity Imaging Techniques ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Median body ,medicine.medical_specialty ,CONTROLLED ATTENUATION PARAMETER ,610 Medicine & health ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,SCORE ,medicine ,Humans ,biostatistics, clinical decision making, fatty liver, hepatic fibrosis ,030304 developmental biology ,Receiver operating characteristic ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,XL PROBE ,business ,Hepatic fibrosis ,Transient elastography ,Biomarkers ,PROSPECTIVE DERIVATION - Abstract
ObjectiveLiver biopsy is still needed for fibrosis staging in many patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aims of this study were to evaluate the individual diagnostic performance of liver stiffness measurement by vibration controlled transient elastography (LSM-VCTE), Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) and NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) Fibrosis Score (NFS) and to derive diagnostic strategies that could reduce the need for liver biopsies.DesignIndividual patient data meta-analysis of studies evaluating LSM-VCTE against liver histology was conducted. FIB-4 and NFS were computed where possible. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) were calculated. Biomarkers were assessed individually and in sequential combinations.ResultsData were included from 37 primary studies (n=5735; 45% women; median age: 54 years; median body mass index: 30 kg/m2; 33% had type 2 diabetes; 30% had advanced fibrosis). AUROCs of individual LSM-VCTE, FIB-4 and NFS for advanced fibrosis were 0.85, 0.76 and 0.73. Sequential combination of FIB-4 cut-offs (ConclusionSequential combinations of markers with a lower cut-off to rule-out advanced fibrosis and a higher cut-off to rule-in cirrhosis can reduce the need for liver biopsies.
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- 2022
8. COVID-19 Vaccination Status in Bogura District in Bangladesh
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Jesmin S, Maqbool A, Sohael F, Md. Islam M, Matsuishi Y, Shima T, Shimojo N, Kawano S, Md. Rahman A, Yamaguchi N, Moroi M
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Knowledge-attitude-perception ,Covid-19 vaccination ,COVID vaccine in Bangladesh - Abstract
Background:Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) vaccines have been licensed for usage and have been delivered over the globe in various regions. There is a lack of public awareness and understanding of COVID-19 vaccinations, however. As a result, researchers conducted a survey to see what Bangladeshis had to say about COVID-19 vaccinations. Methods:This cross-sectional study, conducted among the general population of Bangladesh, asked a series of questions about the KAP of the population with regard to COVID-19 vaccination, and the demographic characteristics of participants and the source of information with regard to the COVID-19 vaccine were recorded and analyzed. Results:A total of 386 complete surveys were included in the final analysis. 35.2% of people, who took part in it, said that everyone in Bangladesh should get the COVID-19 vaccine, while 64.8% said no to this idea. As a result of our survey, 73.6% of respondents believed that the new COVID-19 vaccination, which is now used in Bangladesh, may cause negative effects. Although a large number of the population was illiterate (44.6%), our study indicated that those with higher levels of education had a better understanding of the COVID-19 vaccination. This research indicated that those who had previously received a vaccination had a better understanding of the COVID-19 vaccine. For this to be successful, people must have had positive vaccination experiences in the past. There is a far greater awareness about COVID-19 vaccinations in urban areas compared to rural places. However, when multiple regressions were used, this association did not hold up. Conclusion:In Bangladesh, many are unfamiliar with the COVID-19 vaccination, but they have a positive attitude toward it. Before mass vaccines are planned in the near future, health education campaigns must begin immediately to assist people in better understanding their health.
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- 2022
9. COVID-19 Community Survey, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice by Bangladeshi Population
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Jesmin S, Maqbool A, Sohael F, Islam M Md, Matsuishi Y, Shima T, Shimojo N
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Knowledge ,Attitude ,COVID-19 Bangladesh - Abstract
Background:In a public health crisis, knowledge and understanding of disease transmission modes, fundamental hygiene concepts, and procedures are critical for designing effective control measures. The purpose of this research was to assess the Bangladeshi population's Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) towards COVID-19. Methods:A series of questions about the KAP of the population about COVID-19 were asked in this cross-sectional study, which was conducted among the general population of Bangladesh over the age of 15, and participants' demographic characteristics and source of information about COVID-19 were recorded and analyzed. Results:Despite the fact that the majority of respondents (more than 60%) had a positive attitude about COVID-19, 70% of those questioned in Bangladesh had insufficient understanding and preventative actions. This latter discovery is promising and suggests a potential therapeutic strategy. Male and less educated respondents reported inadequate COVID-19 preventive methods, as well as a lack of understanding about signs and symptoms and transmission. The findings revealed a substantial link between knowledge, attitude, and practice among women of a certain gender, age, and education level. Male gender, non-healthcare-related jobs, single status, and a lesser degree of schooling were all substantially correlated with poorer knowledge scores, according to multiple linear regression analysis. Conclusion:The present study revealed a high attitude among the study population towards COVID-19 but a poor response on knowledge and preventive practices, which can be enhanced by awareness campaigns and proper planning.
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- 2022
10. Characterization of the correlated background for a sterile neutrino search using the first dataset of the JSNS $$^2$$ <math> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math> experiment
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Hino, Y., Ajimura, S., Cheoun, M., Choi, J., Dodo, T., Furuta, H., Goh, J., Haga, K., Harada, M., Hasegawa, S., Hiraiwa, T., Hwang, W., Jang, H., Jang, J., Jeon, H., Jeon, S., Joo, K., Jordan, J., Jung, D., Kang, S., Kasugai, Y., Kawasaki, T., Kim, E., Kim, J., Kim, S., Kim, W., Kinoshita, H., Konno, T., Lee, C., Lee, D., Lee, S., Lim, I., Little, C., Marzec, E., Maruyama, T., Masuda, S., Meigo, S., Monjushiro, S., Moon, D., Nakano, T., Niiyama, M., Nishikawa, K., Nomachi, M., Pac, M., Park, J., Park, R., Peeters, S., Ray, H., Rott, C., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, S., Shima, T., Shin, C., Spitz, J., Suekane, F., Sugaya, Y., Suzuya, K., Taira, M., Ujiie, R., Yamaguchi, Y., Yeh, M., Yeo, I., Yoo, C., and Yu, I.
- Abstract
JSNS $$^2$$ 2 (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) is an experiment that is searching for sterile neutrinos via the observation of $${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu } \rightarrow {\bar{\nu }}_{e}$$ ν ¯ μ → ν ¯ e appearance oscillations using muon decay-at-rest neutrinos. Before dedicated data taking in the first-half of 2021, we performed a commissioning run for 10 days in June 2020. Using the data obtained in this commissioning run, in this paper, we present an estimate of the correlated background which imitates the $${\bar{\nu }}_{e}$$ ν ¯ e signal in a sterile neutrino search. In addition, in order to demonstrate future prospects of the JSNS $$^2$$ 2 experiment, possible pulse shape discrimination improvements towards reducing cosmic ray induced fast neutron background are described.
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- 2022
11. Characterization of the correlated background for a sterile neutrino search using the first dataset of the JSNS$$^2$$ experiment
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Hino, Y., Ajimura, S., Cheoun, M. K., Choi, J. H., Dodo, T., Furuta, H., Goh, J., Haga, K., Harada, M., Hasegawa, S., Hiraiwa, T., Hwang, W., Jang, H. I., Jang, J. S., Jeon, H., Jeon, S., Joo, K. K., Jordan, J. R., Jung, D. E., Kang, S. K., Kasugai, Y., Kawasaki, T., Kim, E. J., Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. B., Kim, S. Y., Kim, W., Kinoshita, H., Konno, T., Lee, C. Y., Lee, D. H., Lee, S., Lim, I. T., Little, C., Marzec, E., Maruyama, T., Masuda, S., Meigo, S., Monjushiro, S., Moon, D. H., Nakano, T., Niiyama, M., Nishikawa, K., Nomachi, M., Pac, M. Y., Park, J. S., Park, R. G., Peeters, S. J. M., Ray, H., Rott, C., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, S., Shima, T., Shin, C. D., Spitz, J., Suekane, F., Sugaya, Y., Suzuya, K., Taira, M., Ujiie, R., Yamaguchi, Y., Yeh, M., Yeo, I. S., Yoo, C., and Yu, I.
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High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Engineering (miscellaneous) ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
JSNS$^2$ (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) is an experiment that is searching for sterile neutrinos via the observation of $\bar{\nu}_{\mu} \to \bar{\nu}_{e}$ appearance oscillations using muon decay-at-rest neutrinos. Before dedicated data taking in the first-half of 2021, we performed a commissioning run for 10 days in June 2020. Using the data obtained in this commissioning run, in this paper, we present an estimate of the correlated background which imitates the $\bar{\nu}_{e}$ signal in a sterile neutrino search. In addition, in order to demonstrate future prospects of the JSNS$^2$ experiment, possible pulse shape discrimination improvements towards reducing cosmic ray induced fast neutron background are described., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures
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- 2022
12. Angular distribution of $\gamma$ rays from the p-wave resonance of $^{118}$Sn
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Koga, J., Takada, S., Endo, S., Fujioka, H., Hirota, K., Ishizaki, K., Kimura, A., Kitaguchi, M., Niinomi, Y., Okudaira, T., Sakai, K., Shima, T., Shimizu, H. M., Tani, Y., Yamamoto, T., Yoshikawa, H., and Yoshioka, T.
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Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
The neutron energy-dependent angular distribution of $\gamma$ rays from $^{117}{\rm Sn}(n,\gamma)$ reaction was measured with germanium detectors and a pulsed neutron beam. The angular distribution was clearly observed in $\gamma$-ray emissions with an energy of 9327 keV which corresponds to the transition from a neutron resonance of $^{117}{\rm Sn}+n$ to the ground state of $^{118}{\rm Sn}$. The angular distribution causes an angular-dependent asymmetric resonance shape. An asymmetry $A_{\rm LH}$ was defined as $(N_{\rm L}-N_{\rm H})/(N_{\rm L}+N_{\rm H})$, where $N_{\rm L}$ and $N_{\rm H}$ are integrated values for lower- and higher-energy regions of a neutron resonance, respectively. We found that the $A_{\rm LH}$ has the angular dependence of $(A \cos \theta_\gamma +B)$, where $\theta_\gamma$ is the $\gamma$-ray emission angle with respect to the incident neutron momentum, with $A=0.394 \pm 0.073$ and $B = 0.118 \pm 0.029$ in the 1.33 eV p-wave resonance., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures
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- 2022
13. Measurement of the transverse asymmetry of $γ$-rays in the $^{117}$Sn(n,$γ$)$^{118}$Sn reaction
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Endo, S., Okudaira, T., Abe, R., Fujioka, H., Hirota, K., Kimura, A., Kitaguchi, M., Oku, T., Sakai, K., Shima, T., Shimizu, H. M., Takada, S., Takahashi, S., Yamamoto, T., Yoshikawa, H., and Yoshioka, T.
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FOS: Physical sciences ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) - Abstract
Largely enhanced parity-violating effects observed in compound resonances induced by epithermal neutrons are currently attributed to the mixing of parity-unfavored partial amplitudes in the entrance channel of the compound states. Furthermore, it is proposed that the same mechanism that enhances the parity-violation also enhances the breaking of time-reversal-invariance in the compound nucleus. The entrance-channel mixing induces energy-dependent spin-angular correlations of individual $γ$-rays emitted from the compound nuclear state. For a detailed study of the mixing model, a $γ$-ray yield in the reaction of $^{117}$Sn(n,$γ$)$^{118}$Sn was measured using the pulsed beam of polarized epithermal neutrons and Ge detectors. An angular dependence of asymmetric $γ$-ray yields for the orientation of the neutron polarization was observed., 7 pages, 10 figures
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- 2022
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14. Angular distribution of $γ$ rays from the p-wave resonance of $^{118}$Sn
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Koga, J., Takada, S., Endo, S., Fujioka, H., Hirota, K., Ishizaki, K., Kimura, A., Kitaguchi, M., Niinomi, Y., Okudaira, T., Sakai, K., Shima, T., Shimizu, H. M., Tani, Y., Yamamoto, T., Yoshikawa, H., and Yoshioka, T.
- Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) - Abstract
The neutron energy-dependent angular distribution of $γ$ rays from $^{117}{\rm Sn}(n,γ)$ reaction was measured with germanium detectors and a pulsed neutron beam. The angular distribution was clearly observed in $γ$-ray emissions with an energy of 9327 keV which corresponds to the transition from a neutron resonance of $^{117}{\rm Sn}+n$ to the ground state of $^{118}{\rm Sn}$. The angular distribution causes an angular-dependent asymmetric resonance shape. An asymmetry $A_{\rm LH}$ was defined as $(N_{\rm L}-N_{\rm H})/(N_{\rm L}+N_{\rm H})$, where $N_{\rm L}$ and $N_{\rm H}$ are integrated values for lower- and higher-energy regions of a neutron resonance, respectively. We found that the $A_{\rm LH}$ has the angular dependence of $(A \cos θ_γ+B)$, where $θ_γ$ is the $γ$-ray emission angle with respect to the incident neutron momentum, with $A=0.394 \pm 0.073$ and $B = 0.118 \pm 0.029$ in the 1.33 eV p-wave resonance., 5 pages, 5 figures
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- 2022
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15. Angular distribution of $γ$-rays from a neutron-induced $p$-wave resonance of $^{132}$Xe
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Okudaira, T., Tani, Y., Endo, S., Doskow, J., Fujioka, H., Hirota, K., Kameda, K., Kimura, A., Kitaguchi, M., Luxnat, M., Sakai, K., Schaper, D., Shima, T., Shimizu, H. M., Snow, W. M., Takada, S., Yamamoto, T., Yoshikawa, H., and Yoshioka, T.
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FOS: Physical sciences ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) - Abstract
A neutron-energy dependent angular distribution was measured for individual $γ$-rays from the 3.2 eV $p$-wave resonance of $^{131}$Xe+$n$, that shows enhanced parity violation owing to a mixing between $s$- and $p$-wave amplitudes. The $γ$-ray transitions from the $p$-wave resonance were identified, and the angular distribution with respect to the neutron momentum was evaluated as a function of the neutron energy for 7132 keV $γ$-rays, which correspond to a transition to the 1807 keV excited state of $^{132}$Xe. The angular distribution is considered to originate from the interference between $s$- and $p$-wave amplitudes, and will provide a basis for a quantitative understanding of the enhancement mechanism of the fundamental parity violation in compound nuclei.
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- 2022
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16. Mere end lugtesans - COVID-19 er associeret med svær påvirkning af lugtesansen, smagssansen og mundfølelsen
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Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G, Niv, Masha Y, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Cooper, Keiland W, Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y, Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B, Gerkin, Richard C, Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C, Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R, Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Colquitt, Lauren R, Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V, Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M, Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M, Smith, Barry C, Lundström, Johan N, Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K, van den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D C, Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E A, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D’Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, de Groot, Jasper H B, Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W, Abdulrahman, Olagunju, Dalton, Pamela, Yan, Carol H, Voznessenskaya, Vera V, Chen, Jingguo, Sell, Elizabeth A, Walsh-Messinger, Julie, Archer, Nicholas S, Koyama, Sachiko, Deary, Vincent, Roberts, S Craig, Yanık, Hüseyin, Albayrak, Samet, Nováková, Lenka Martinec, Croijmans, Ilja, Mazal, Patricia Portillo, Moein, Shima T, Margulis, Eitan, Mignot, Coralie, Mariño, Sajidxa, Georgiev, Dejan, Kaushik, Pavan K, Malnic, Bettina, Wang, Hong, Seyed-Allaei, Shima, Yoluk, Nur, Razzaghi-Asl, Sara, Justice, Jeb M, Restrepo, Diego, Reed, Danielle R, Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D, Hayes, John E, Indústries Alimentàries, Qualitat i Tecnologia Alimentària, Tecnologia Alimentària, Temple University [Philadelphia], Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Mersin University, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), AbScent, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), University of Edinburgh, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR), Università degli Studi 'Magna Graecia' di Catanzaro = University of Catanzaro (UMG), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Groupement scientifique de Biologie et de Medecine Spatiale (GSBMS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Tata Institute for Fundamental Research (TIFR), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), San Diego State University (SDSU), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Hertfordshire [Hatfield] (UH), Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati / International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA / ISAS), Neurosciences Sensorielles Comportement Cognition, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Turku, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Leibniz-Institute for Food Systems Biology at the Technical University of Munich, Monell Chemical Senses Center, Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Medical Science University, Sidra Medicine [Doha, Qatar], Institut de Chimie de Nice (ICN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries = Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), DreamAir Llc, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse (AMIS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Oregon State University (OSU), Ear Institute, UCL, Lyon Neuroscience Research center, Karunya University, Biruni University, Assi Sette Llaghi Varese, Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA), Unité mixte de recherche interactions plantes-microorganismes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Maastricht University [Maastricht], Institute for Biology - Neurobiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Howard University College of Medicine, Towson University, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Proteomics, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Stockholm University, University of Gastronomic Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Goethe Universität Frankfurt, University of Tennessee, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Guangzhou Medical University, Buenos Aires University and GEOG (Grupo de Estudio de Olfato y Gusto), Sultan Qaboos University (SQU), Federal University of Technology of Akure (FUTA), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, University of Pennsylvania, University of Dayton, CSIRO Agriculture and Food (CSIRO), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, University of Northumbria at Newcastle [United Kingdom], University of Stirling, Middle East Technical University [Ankara] (METU), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Instituto Universitario del Hospital Italiano [Buenos Aires, Argentina], Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences [Tehran] (IPM), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Terrazas del Club Hipico, University Medical Centre Ljubljana [Ljubljana, Slovenia] (UMCL), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research [Bangalore], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Colorado Anschutz [Aurora], Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University., Julien, Sabine, Tıp Fakültesi, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, Department of Food and Nutrition, Senses and Food, Research Center Jülich, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Università degli Studi 'Magna Graecia' di Catanzaro [Catanzaro, Italie] (UMG), University of Extremadura, University of Padova, Yale University School of Medicine, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, University of Helsinki, Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], University of California San Diego Health, University of Brussels, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, University of São Paulo (USP), UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience, FSE Campus Venlo, and RS: FSE UCV
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Male ,Taste ,Physiology ,Smagstab ,Audiology ,AcademicSubjects/SCI01180 ,Settore BIO/09 - Fisiologia ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Olfaction Disorders ,Taste Disorders ,0302 clinical medicine ,RATINGS ,Hyposmia ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,CHEMOSENSITIVITY ,[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering ,Viral ,PALADAR ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour ,media_common ,TASTE ,US NATIONAL-HEALTH ,[SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering ,Middle Aged ,Biological Sciences ,16. Peace & justice ,Sensory Systems ,3. Good health ,Smell ,GCCR Group Author ,ddc:540 ,Smell loss ,Female ,Original Article ,medicine.symptom ,Corrigendum ,Coronavirus Infections ,olfaction ,Adult ,somatosensation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,663/664 ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,OLFACTORY DISORDERS ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Pneumonia, Viral ,head and neck surgery ,Aged ,Betacoronavirus ,COVID-19 ,Humans ,Pandemics ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Self Report ,Somatosensory Disorders ,Young Adult ,Anosmia ,Sensory system ,Olfaction ,03 medical and health sciences ,Chemesthesis ,Physiology (medical) ,Perception ,medicine ,Neurology & Neurosurgery ,Behaviour Change and Well-being ,business.industry ,R-PACKAGE ,3112 Neurosciences ,Pneumonia ,Parosmia ,COMPONENT ,Smagssans ,[SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,Sensoriek en eetgedrag ,chemistry ,Lugtetab ,business ,[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Lugtesans - Abstract
Correction: Chemical Senses, Volume 46, 2021, bjab050, https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjab050 Published: 08 December 2021 Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change +/- 100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (-79.7 +/- 28.7, mean +/- standard deviation), taste (-69.0 +/- 32.6), and chemesthetic (-37.3 +/- 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis.The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.
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- 2020
17. Increasing incidence of parosmia and phantosmia in patients recovering from COVID-19 smell loss
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John E. Hayes, Marco Aurélio Fornazieri, Michael C. Farruggia, Paloma Rohlfs Domínguez, Paule V. Joseph, Valentina Parma, Thierry Thomas-Danguin, Keiland W. Cooper, Nick S Menger, Elisabeth M. Weir, David Gillespie, Carla Mucignat-Caretta, Masha Y. Niv, Carl Philpott, Sachiko Koyama, Sanne Boesveldt, Veronica Pereda-Loth, Aldair M Martinez Pineda, Arnaud Tognetti, Robert Pellegrino, Cinzia Cecchetto, Jasper H. B. de Groot, Alyssa J. Bakke, Liang-Dar Hwang, Surabhi Bhutani, Kathrin Ohla, Lina Öztürk, Cara Exten, Orietta Calcinoni, Shima T. Moein, Alexia Nunez-Parra, Elbrich M. Postma, Iljia Croijmans, Huseyin Yanik, Maria G. Veldhuizen, Denis Pierron, Tomer Green, Alissa A. Nolden, Javier Albayay, Mackenzie E. Hannum, and Vera V. Voznessenskaya
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Olfactory system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Taste ,Visual analogue scale ,business.industry ,Disease ,Audiology ,Parosmia ,medicine ,Smell function ,Taste function ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Depression (differential diagnoses) - Abstract
ImportanceSudden smell loss is a specific early symptom of COVID-19, with an estimated prevalence of ~40% to 75%. Smell impairment affects physical and mental health, and dietary behavior. Thus, it is critical to understand the rate and time course of smell recovery.ObjectiveTo characterize smell function and recovery up to 11 months post COVID-19 infection.Settings, ParticipantsThis longitudinal survey of individuals suffering COVID-19-related smell loss assessed disease symptoms and gustatory and olfactory function. Participants (n=12,313) who completed an initial respiratory symptoms, chemosensory function and COVID-19 diagnosis survey (S1) between April and September 2020 and completed a follow-up survey (S2) between September 2020 and February 2021; 27.5% participants responded (n=3,386), with 1,468 being diagnosed with COVID-19 and suffering co-occurring smell and taste loss at the beginning of their illness.Main Outcomes & MeasuresPrimary outcomes are ratings of smell and taste function on a visual analog scale, and self-report of parosmia (smell distortions) and phantosmia (unexplained smells). Secondary outcomes include a checklist of other COVID-19 symptoms.ResultsOn follow-up (median time since COVID-19 onset ~200 days), ~60% of women and ~48% of men reported less than 80% of their pre-illness smell ability. Taste typically recovered faster than smell, and taste loss rarely persisted if smell recovered. Prevalence of parosmia and phantosmia was ~10% of participants in S1 and increased substantially in S2: ~47% for parosmia and ~25% for phantosmia. Persistent smell impairment was associated with more symptoms overall, suggesting it may be a key marker of long-COVID. During COVID-19 illness, the ability to smell was slightly lower among those who did not recover their pre-illness ability to smell at S2.Conclusions and RelevanceWhile smell loss improves for many individuals who lost it due to COVID-19, the prevalence of parosmia and phantosmia increases substantially over time. Olfactory dysfunction is also associated with wider COVID-19 symptoms and may persist for many months after COVID-19 onset. Taste loss in the absence of smell loss is rare. Persistent qualitative smell symptoms are emerging as common long term sequelae; more research into treatment options is strongly warranted given that conservative estimates suggest millions of individuals may experience parosmia following COVID-19. Healthcare providers worldwide need to be prepared to treat post COVID-19 secondary effects on physical and mental health.Trial registrationThis project was pre-registered at OSF: https://osf.io/3e6zc.Graphical abstractKey PointsQuestionWhat are the characteristics of smell and taste recovery of COVID-19 patients?FindingsIn this preregistered observational study of 1,468 participants, smell loss is associated with a higher number of COVID-19 symptoms, and may persist for at least 11 months following disease onset. While a majority of participants report quantitative improvement in their ability to smell, the prevalence of parosmia and phantosmia increases substantially at follow-up. Taste recovers faster than smell, suggesting taste and smell recover separately and can be distinguished by the respondents.MeaningOlfactory dysfunction appears to be a component of long-COVID, with parosmia as a prominent symptom in almost half of those with smell loss. More research into treatment is needed, especially given that olfactory dysfunction is associated with depression and loss of appetite. Health professionals should be aware of these common and long lasting effects.
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- 2021
18. Nonresonant p -wave direct capture and interference effect observed in the O 16 (n,γ) O 17 reaction
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Nagai Y., Kinoshita M., Igashira M., Nobuhara Y., Makii H., Mishima K., Shima T., Mengoni A., Nagai, Y., Kinoshita, M., Igashira, M., Nobuhara, Y., Makii, H., Mishima, K., Shima, T., and Mengoni, A.
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We measured the total capture cross section of the O16(n,γ)O17 reaction, as well as partial cross sections leading to the ground (Jπ=5/2+) and first-excited (Jπ=1/2+) states in O17. The measurement was carried out at average neutron energies of 157, 349, 398, 427, 468, 498, and 556 keV by using pulsed neutrons produced via the Li7(p,n)Be7 reaction and a γ-ray detection system based on an anti-Compton NaI(Tl) spectrometer. We observed the interference effect between the 3/2- resonance state at 4554 keV of O17, corresponding to a neutron energy of 411 keV in the center-of-mass system, and a nonresonant contribution in the capture process. The measured partial cross sections are in good agreement with theoretical calculations obtained taking into account the interference between the 3/2- resonance and a nonresonant p-wave direct radiative capture contribution. Using the present results, together with our previous measurement, we derived the Maxwellian-averaged capture cross sections (MACS) for thermal energies between kT=5 and 100 keV, key quantities for s process nucleosynthesis studies in massive stars.
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- 2020
19. Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) based Odor Detection and Classification using Functional Data Analysis
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Faezeh Moradi, Shima T. Moein, Issa Zakeri, and Kambiz Pourrezaei
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Odor ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Functional near-infrared spectroscopy ,Functional data analysis ,Pattern recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,Stimulus (physiology) ,business ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
An objective approach for odor detection is to analyze the brain activity using imaging techniques during the odor stimulation. In this study, Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is used to record hemodynamic response from the frontal region of the brain by using a 4-channel fNIRS system. The fNIRs data is collected during the odor detection task in which the subjects were asked to press a button when they detect the given odor. Functional Data Analysis (FDA) was applied on fNIRs data to convert discrete measured samples of data to continuous smooth curves. The FDA method enables us to use the bases coefficients of fNIRS smoothed curves for features that represent the shape of the raw fNIRS signal. With the learning algorithm that we proposed, these features were used to train the support vector machine classifier. We evaluated the odor detection problem, in two binary classification cases: odorant vs. non-odorant and odorant vs. fingertapping. The model achieved a classification accuracy of 94.12% and 97.06% over the stimulus condition in the two cases, respectively. Moreover to find the actual predictors we used the extracted defined features (slope, standard deviation, and delta) to train our classifier. We achieved an average accuracy of 91.18 % on classifying odorant vs. non-odorant and an accuracy of 94.12% for odorant vs. fingertapping on the stimulus condition. The results determined that fNIRs signals of odorant and non-odorant are distinguishable without being affected by the motor activity during the experiment.These findings suggest that fNIRs measurement on the forehead could be potentially used for objective and comparably inexpensive assessment of odor detection in cases that the subjective report is unreliable.
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- 2021
20. Dark matter search with high purity NaI(Tl) scintillator
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Fushimi, K., Kanemitsu, Y., Kotera, K., Chernyak, D., Ejiri, H., Hata, K., Hazama, R., Iida, T., Ikeda, H., Imagawa, K., Inoue, K., Ishiura, H., Ito, H., Kisimoto, T., Koga, M., Kozlov, A., Nakamura, K., Orito, R., Shima, T., Takemoto, Y., Umehara, S., Urano, Y., Yasuda, K., and Yoshida, S.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) - Abstract
A dark matter search project needs and extremely low background radiation detector since the expected event rate of dark matter is less than a few events in one year in one tonne of the detector mass. The authors developed a highly radiopure NaI(Tl) crystal to search for dark matter. The best combination of the purification methods was developed, resulting $^{\mathrm{nat}}$K and $^{210}$Pb were less than 20 ppb and 5.7 $\mu$Bq/kg, respectively. The authors will construct a large volume detector system with high-purity NaI(Tl) crystals. The design and the performance of the prototype detector module will be reported in this article., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, RADIATION DETECTORS AND THEIR USES Proceedings of the 35th Workshop on Radiation Detectors and Their Uses in KEK
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- 2021
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21. Diagnostic accuracy of non-invasive tests for advanced fibrosis in patients with NAFLD: An individual patient data meta-analysis
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Mózes, F.E. Lee, J.A. Selvaraj, E.A. Jayaswal, A.N.A. Trauner, M. Boursier, J. Fournier, C. Staufer, K. Stauber, R.E. Bugianesi, E. Younes, R. Gaia, S. Lupșor-Platon, M. Petta, S. Shima, T. Okanoue, T. Mahadeva, S. Chan, W.-K. Eddowes, P.J. Newsome, P.N. Wong, V.W.-S. de Ledinghen, V. Fan, J. Shen, F. Cobbold, J.F. Sumida, Y. Okajima, A. Schattenberg, J.M. Labenz, C. Kim, W. Lee, M.S. Wiegand, J. Karlas, T. Yılmaz, Y. Aithal, G.P. Palaniyappan, N. Cassinotto, C. Aggarwal, S. Garg, H. Ooi, G.J. Nakajima, A. Yoneda, M. Ziol, M. Barget, N. Geier, A. Tuthill, T. Brosnan, M.J. Anstee, Q.M. Neubauer, S. Harrison, S.A. Bossuyt, P.M. Pavlides, M. Anstee, Q. Daly, A. Johnson, K. Govaere, O. Cockell, S. Tiniakos, D. Bedossa, P. Oakley, F. Cordell, H. Day, C. Wonders, K. Bossuyt, P. Zafarmand, H. Vali, Y. Lee, J. Ratziu, V. Clement, K. Pais, R. Schuppan, D. Schattenberg, J. Schuppan, D. Schattenberg, J. Vidal-Puig, T. Vacca, M. Rodrigues-Cuenca, S. Allison, M. Kamzolas, I. Petsalaki, E. Oresic, M. Hyötyläinen, T. McGlinchey, A. Mato, J.M. Millet, O. Dufour, J.-F. Berzigotti, A. Pavlides, M. Harrison, S. Neubauer, S. Cobbold, J. Mozes, F. Akhtar, S. Banerjee, R. Kelly, M. Shumbayawonda, E. Dennis, A. Erpicum, C. Graham, M. Romero-Gómez, M. Gómez-González, E. Ampuero, J. Castell, J. Gallego-Durán, R. Fernández, I. Montero-Vallejo, R. Karsdal, M. Erhardtsen, E. Rasmussen, D. Leeming, D.J. Fisker, M.J. Sinisi, A. Musa, K. Betsou, F. Sandt, E. Tonini, M. Bugianesi, E. Rosso, C. Armandi, A. Marra, F. Gastaldelli, A. Svegliati, G. Boursier, J. Francque, S. Vonghia, L. Ekstedt, M. Kechagias, S. Yki-Jarvinen, H. Porthan, K. van Mil, S. Papatheodoridis, G. Cortez-Pinto, H. Valenti, L. Petta, S. Miele, L. Geier, A. Trautwein, C. Aithal, G. Hockings, P. Newsome, P. Wenn, D. Rodrigues, C.M.P. Chaumat, P. Hanf, R. Trylesinski, A. Ortiz, P. Duffin, K. Brosnan, J. Tuthill, T. McLeod, E. Ertle, J. Younes, R. Ostroff, R. Alexander, L. Kjær, M.S. Mikkelsen, L.F. Balp, M.-M. Brass, C. Jennings, L. Martic, M. Loeffler, J. Hanauer, G. Shankar, S. Fournier, C. Pepin, K. Ehman, R. Myers, J. Ho, G. Torstenson, R. Myers, R. Doward, L. LITMUS Investigators
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Objective Liver biopsy is still needed for fibrosis staging in many patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The aims of this study were to evaluate the individual diagnostic performance of liver stiffness measurement by vibration controlled transient elastography (LSM-VCTE), Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) and NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) Fibrosis Score (NFS) and to derive diagnostic strategies that could reduce the need for liver biopsies. Design Individual patient data meta-analysis of studies evaluating LSM-VCTE against liver histology was conducted. FIB-4 and NFS were computed where possible. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) were calculated. Biomarkers were assessed individually and in sequential combinations. Results Data were included from 37 primary studies (n=5735; 45% women; median age: 54 years; median body mass index: 30 kg/m2; 33% had type 2 diabetes; 30% had advanced fibrosis). AUROCs of individual LSM-VCTE, FIB-4 and NFS for advanced fibrosis were 0.85, 0.76 and 0.73. Sequential combination of FIB-4 cut-offs (
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- 2021
22. Energy dependent angular distribution of individual $\gamma$-rays in the $^{139}$La($n$, $\gamma$)$^{140}$La* reaction
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Okudaira, T., Endo, S., Fujioka, H., Hirota, K., Ishizaki, K., Kimura, A., Kitaguchi, M., Koga, J., Niinomi, Y., Sakai, K., Shima, T., Shimizu, H. M., Takada, S., Tani, Y., Yamamoto, T., Yoshikawa, H., and Yoshioka, T.
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Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
Neutron energy-dependent angular distributions were observed for individual $\gamma$-rays from the 0.74 eV p-wave resonance of $^{139}$La+$n$ to several lower excited states of $^{140}$La. The $\gamma$-ray signals were analyzed in a two dimensional histogram of the $\gamma$-ray energy, measured with distributed germanium detectors, and neutron energy, determined with the time-of-flight of pulsed neutrons, to identify the neutron energy dependence of the angular distribution for each individual $\gamma$-rays. The angular distribution was also found for a photopeak accompanied with a faint p-wave resonance component in the neutron energy spectrum. Our results can be interpreted as interference between s- and p-wave amplitudes which may be used to study discrete symmetries of fundamental interactions., Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures
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- 2021
23. Energy dependent angular distribution of individual $��$-rays in the $^{139}$La($n$, $��$)$^{140}$La* reaction
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Okudaira, T., Endo, S., Fujioka, H., Hirota, K., Ishizaki, K., Kimura, A., Kitaguchi, M., Koga, J., Niinomi, Y., Sakai, K., Shima, T., Shimizu, H. M., Takada, S., Tani, Y., Yamamoto, T., Yoshikawa, H., and Yoshioka, T.
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Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) - Abstract
Neutron energy-dependent angular distributions were observed for individual $��$-rays from the 0.74 eV p-wave resonance of $^{139}$La+$n$ to several lower excited states of $^{140}$La. The $��$-ray signals were analyzed in a two dimensional histogram of the $��$-ray energy, measured with distributed germanium detectors, and neutron energy, determined with the time-of-flight of pulsed neutrons, to identify the neutron energy dependence of the angular distribution for each individual $��$-rays. The angular distribution was also found for a photopeak accompanied with a faint p-wave resonance component in the neutron energy spectrum. Our results can be interpreted as interference between s- and p-wave amplitudes which may be used to study discrete symmetries of fundamental interactions., 6 pages, 7 figures
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- 2021
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24. Corrigendum to: More than smell: COVID-19 is associated with severe impairment of smell, taste, and chemesthesis
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Parma, Valentina, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria G., Niv, Masha Y., Kelly, Christine E., Bakke, Alyssa J., Cooper, Keiland W., Bouysset, Cédric, Pirastu, Nicola, Dibattista, Michele, Kaur, Rishemjit, Liuzza, Marco Tullio, Pepino, Marta Y., Schöpf, Veronika, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Olsson, Shannon B., Gerkin, Richard C., Rohlfs Domínguez, Paloma, Albayay, Javier, Farruggia, Michael C., Bhutani, Surabhi, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W., Kumar, Ritesh, Menini, Anna, Bensafi, Moustafa, Sandell, Mari, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Di Pizio, Antonella, Genovese, Federica, Öztürk, Lina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Frasnelli, Johannes, Boesveldt, Sanne, Saatci, Özlem, Saraiva, Luis R., Lin, Cailu, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang Dar, Ozdener, Mehmet Hakan, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Laudamiel, Christophe, Ritchie, Marina, Havlícek, Jan, Pierron, Denis, Roura, Eugeni, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A., Lim, Juyun, Whitcroft, Katherine L., Colquitt, Lauren R., Ferdenzi, Camille, Brindha, Evelyn V., Altundag, Aytug, Macchi, Alberto, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Patel, Zara M., Fiorucci, Sébastien, Philpott, Carl M., Smith, Barry C., Lundström, Johan N., Mucignat, Carla, Parker, Jane K., Van Den Brink, Mirjam, Schmuker, Michael, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S., Heinbockel, Thomas, Shields, Vonnie D.C., Faraji, Farhoud, Santamaría, Enrique, Fredborg, William E.A., Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K., Jalessi, Maryam, Karni, Noam, D'Errico, Anna, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Pellegrino, Robert, Meyer, Pablo, Huart, Caroline, Chen, Ben, Soler, Graciela M., Alwashahi, Mohammed K., Welge-Lüssen, Antje, Freiherr, Jessica, De Groot, Jasper H.B., Klein, Hadar, Okamoto, Masako, Singh, Preet Bano, Hsieh, Julien W., Abdulrahman, Olagunju, Dalton, Pamela, Yan, Carol H., Voznessenskaya, Vera V., Chen, Jingguo, Sell, Elizabeth A., Walsh-Messinger, Julie, Archer, Nicholas S., Koyama, Sachiko, Deary, Vincent, Roberts, S.C., Yanlk, Hüseyin, Albayrak, Samet, Nováková, Lenka Martinec, Croijmans, Ilja, Mazal, Patricia Portillo, Moein, Shima T., Margulis, Eitan, Mignot, Coralie, Mariño, Sajidxa, Georgiev, Dejan, Kaushik, Pavan K., Malnic, Bettina, Wang, Hong, Seyed-Allaei, Shima, Yoluk, Nur, Razzaghi-Asl, Sara, Justice, Jeb M., Restrepo, Diego, Reed, Danielle R., Hummel, Thomas, Munger, Steven D., Hayes, John E., UCL - SSS/IONS - Institute of NeuroScience, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, and UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie
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Behavioral Neuroscience ,Sensoriek en eetgedrag ,Behaviour Change and Well-being ,Physiology ,Physiology (medical) ,ddc:540 ,Life Science ,Sensory Systems ,Sensory Science and Eating Behaviour ,VLAG - Abstract
This is a correction notice for article bjaa041 (DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1093/chemse/bjaa041), published 20 June 2020. An incorrect version of the caption to Figure 5 was mistakenly included in the published paper. An updated version is given below. Neither the data nor the paper's conclusions were affected by this correction. The authors sincerely apologize for the error. (A) Correlations between the 3 principal components with respect to changes in 3 chemosensory modalities (i.e., taste, smell, and chemesthesis). Shades of gray indicate positive correlation, whereas shades of red indicate negative correlations. White denotes no correlation. (B) Clusters of participants identified by k-means clustering. The scatterplot shows each participant's loading on dimension 1 (degree of smell and taste loss, PC1 on x-Axis) and dimension 2 (degree of chemesthesis loss, PC2 on y-Axis). Based on the centroid of each cluster, participants in cluster 1 (blue, N = 1767; top left) are generally characterized by significant smell, taste and chemesthesis loss. Participants in cluster 2 (orange, N = 1724; bottom center) are generally characterized by ratings that reflect smell/taste loss with preserved chemesthesis. Loadings for participants in cluster 3 (green, N = 548; right side) are generally characterized by reduced smell and taste loss, and preserved chemesthesis.
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- 2021
25. PICOLON dark matter search project
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Fushimi, K., Chernyak, D., Ejiri, H., Hata, K., Hazama, R., Iida, T., Ikeda, H., Imagawa, K., Inoue, K., Ishiura, H., Ito, H., Kishimoto, T., Koga, M., Kotera, K., Kozlov, A., Nakamura, K., Orito, R., Shima, T., Takemoto, Y., Umehara, S., Urano, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Yasuda, K., and Yoshida, S.
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History ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) ,Computer Science Applications ,Education - Abstract
PICOLON (Pure Inorganic Crystal Observatory for LOw-energy Neutr(al)ino) aims to search for cosmic dark matter by high purity NaI(Tl) scintillator. We developed extremely pure NaI(Tl) crystal by hybrid purification method. The recent result of $^{210}$Pb in our NaI(Tl) is less than 5.7 $\mu$Bq/kg. We will report the test experiment in the low-background measurement at Kamioka Underground Laboratory. The sensitivity for annual modulating signals and finding dark matter particles will be discussed., Comment: To be published in the Proceedings of TAUP2021. (Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS),)
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- 2022
26. Prevalence and Reversibility of Smell Dysfunction Measured Psychophysically in a Cohort of COVID‐19 patients
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Shima T. Moein, Payam Tabarsi, Richard L. Doty, and Seyed Mohammadreza Hashemian
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virus, olfaction ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,odor Identification ,Anosmia ,Olfaction ,Disease ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Olfaction Disorders ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Hyposmia ,COVID‐19 ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Psychophysics ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Original Research Article ,UPSIT ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Aged ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,hyposmia ,SARS‐Co‐V‐2 ,COVID-19 ,Middle Aged ,Confidence interval ,United States ,030228 respiratory system ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Cohort ,Acute Disease ,Female ,Analysis of variance ,medicine.symptom ,business ,anosmia - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Considerable evidence suggests that smell dysfunction is common in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Unfortunately, extant data on prevalence and reversibility over time are highly variable, coming mainly from self-report surveys prone to multiple biases. Thus, validated psychophysical olfactory testing is sorely needed to establish such parameters. METHODS: One hundred severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients were administered the 40-item University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) in the hospital near the end of the acute phase of the disease. Eighty-two were retested 1 or 4 weeks later at home. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and mixed-effect regression models. RESULTS: Initial UPSIT scores were indicative of severe microsmia, with 96% exhibiting measurable dysfunction; 18% were anosmic. The scores improved upon retest (initial test: mean, 21.97; 95% confidence interval [CI], 20.84-23.09; retest: mean, 31.13; 95% CI, 30.16-32.10; p < 0.0001); no patient remained anosmic. After 5 weeks from COVID-19 symptom onset, the test scores of 63% of the retested patients were normal. However, the mean UPSIT score at that time continued to remain below that of age- and sex-matched healthy controls (p < 0.001). Such scores were related to time since symptom onset, sex, and age. CONCLUSION: Smell loss was extremely common in the acute phase of a cohort of 100 COVID-19 patients when objectively measured. About one third of cases continued to exhibit dysfunction 6 to 8 weeks after symptom onset. These findings have direct implications for the use of olfactory testing in identifying SARS-CoV-2 carriers and for counseling such individuals with regard to their smell dysfunction and its reversibility.
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- 2020
27. Smell dysfunction: a biomarker for COVID‐19
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Ali Khorram‐Tousi, Payam Tabarsi, Shima T. Moein, Richard L. Doty, Babak Mansourafshar, and Seyed Mohammadreza Hashemian
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pneumonia, Viral ,Anosmia ,Differential Threshold ,Olfaction ,Betacoronavirus ,Olfaction Disorders ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Sinusitis ,Pandemics ,Rhinitis ,Educational Supplement ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Reproducibility of Results ,Middle Aged ,Pennsylvania ,medicine.disease ,Parosmia ,Olfactory Perception ,Smell ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Cohort ,Chronic Disease ,Odorants ,Smell function ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Female ,Sino-Nasal Outcome Test ,Analysis of variance ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Coronavirus Infections - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is responsible for the largest pandemic since the 1918 influenza A virus subtype H1N1 influenza outbreak. The symptoms presently recognized by the World Health Organization are cough, fever, tiredness, and difficulty breathing. Patient-reported smell and taste loss has been associated with COVID-19 infection, yet no empirical olfactory testing on a cohort of COVID-19 patients has been performed. METHODS: The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), a well-validated 40-odorant test, was administered to 60 confirmed COVID-19 inpatients and 60 age- and sex-matched controls to assess the magnitude and frequency of their olfactory dysfunction. A mixed effects analysis of variance determined whether meaningful differences in test scores existed between the 2 groups and if the test scores were differentially influenced by sex. RESULTS: Fifty-nine (98%) of the 60 patients exhibited some smell dysfunction (mean [95% CI] UPSIT score: 20.98 [19.47, 22.48]; controls: 34.10 [33.31, 34.88]; p < 0.0001). Thirty-five of the 60 patients (58%) were either anosmic (15/60; 25%) or severely microsmic (20/60; 33%); 16 exhibited moderate microsmia (16/60; 27%), 8 mild microsmia (8/60; 13%), and 1 normosmia (1/60; 2%). Deficits were evident for all 40 UPSIT odorants. No meaningful relationships between the test scores and sex, disease severity, or comorbidities were found. CONCLUSION: Quantitative smell testing demonstrates that decreased smell function, but not always anosmia, is a major marker for SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggests the possibility that smell testing may help, in some cases, to identify COVID-19 patients in need of early treatment or quarantine.
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- 2020
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28. Smell detection could be traced in fNIRS signals recorded from the forehead
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Kambiz Pourrezaei, Ardy Wong, Issa Zakeri, Soroush Mirmobini, Sepideh Khoneiveh, and Shima T. Moein
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Pairwise correlation ,Olfactory system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Haemodynamic response ,musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology ,Subjective report ,Hemodynamics ,Audiology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Odor ,Finger tapping ,Forehead ,Medicine ,business ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
Objective assessment of olfactory function has diagnostic and legal value. We have designed an odor detection task in which the subject reported the conscious sensing of an odorant via a button press while the hemodynamic activity from the forehead was monitored using a 4-channel fNIRS system. The task consisted of intermingled odor and non-odor trials. We recorded from 17 subjects and each of them underwent 60 trials. The time domain analysis of the raw data showed that the hemodynamic activity was statistically different between the odor and non-odor trials especially for oxyhemoglobin in far channels. In order to single out the odor-induced hemodynamic response from that of motor activity, finger tapping was considered as a control condition for odor detection. Pairwise correlation indicated that motor activity had a short lasting influence on hemodynamic response while the hemodynamic response to different odors were highly correlated over time. In conclusion, we believe that fNIRS monitoring of hemodynamic response could be potentially used for objective assessment of odor detection in cases that subjective report is unreliable.
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- 2020
29. Transverse asymmetry of $\gamma$ rays from neutron-induced compound states of ${}^{140}{\rm La}$
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Yamamoto, T., Okudaira, T., Endo, S., Fujioka, H., Hirota, K., Ino, T., Ishizaki, K., Kimura, A., Kitaguchi, M., Koga, J., Makise, S., Niinomi, Y., Oku, T., Sakai, K., Shima, T., Shimizu, H. M., Takada, S., Tani, Y., Yoshikawa, H., and Yoshioka, T.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
A correlation term ${{ \sigma}_{n} }\cdot ({ k_{n}\times k_\gamma}) $ in the ${}^{139}{\rm La}(\vec{n},\gamma)$ reaction has been studied utilizing epithermal polarized neutrons and germanium detectors. The transverse asymmetry for single $\gamma$-ray transition was measured to be $0.60\pm0.19$ in the $p$-wave resonance.
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- 2020
30. The JSNS$^{2}$ data acquisition system
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Park, J. S., Ajimura, S., Botran, M., Cheoun, M. K., Choi, J. H., Dodo, T., Furuta, H., Gwak, P., Harada, M., Hasegawa, S., Hino, Y., Hiraiwa, T., Jang, H. I., Jang, J. S., Jang, M., Jeon, H., Jeon, S., Joo, K. K., Jordan, J. R., Jung, D. E., Kang, S. K., Kasugai, Y., Kawasaki, T., Kim, E. J., Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. B., Kim, S. Y., Kim, W., Konno, T., Kwon, E., Lee, D. H., Lim, I. T., Maruyama, T., Marzec, E., Meigo, S., Monjushiro, S., Moon, D. H., Nakano, T., Niiyama, M., Nishikawa, K., Nomachi, M., Pac, M. Y., Peeters, S. J. M., Ray, H., Rott, C., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, S., Seo, H., Seo, J. H., Shima, T., Shin, C. D., Spitz, J., Stancu, I., Suekane, F., Sugaya, Y., Suzuya, K., Taira, M., Ujiie, R., Yeh, M., Yu, I., and Zohaib, A.
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High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
The JSNS$^{2}$ (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) experiment aims to search for neutrino oscillations over a 24 m short baseline at J-PARC. The JSNS$^{2}$ inner detector is filled with 17 tons of gadolinium(Gd)-loaded liquid scintillator (LS) with an additional 31 tons of unloaded LS in the intermediate $\gamma$-catcher and an optically separated outer veto volumes. A total of 120 10-inch photomultiplier tubes observe the scintillating optical photons and each analog waveform is stored with the flash analog-to-digital converters. We present details of the data acquisition, processing, and data quality monitoring system. We also present two different trigger logics which are developed for the beam and self-trigger., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures
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- 2020
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31. Proposal: JSNS$^2$-II
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Ajimura, S., Botran, M., Choi, J. H., Choi, J. W., Cheoun, M. K., Dodo, T., Furuta, H., Goh, J., Haga, K., Harada, M., Hasegawa, S., Hino, Y., Hiraiwa, T., Jang, H. I., Jang, J. S., Jang, M. C., Jeon, H., Jeon, S., Joo, K. K., Jordan, J. R., E Jung, D., Kang, S. K., Kasugai, Y., Kawasaki, T., Kim, E. J., Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. B., Kim, S. Y., Kim, W., Konno, T., Kinoshita, H., Lee, D. H., Lee, S., Lim, I. T., Marzec, E., Maruyama, T., Masuda, S., Meigo, S., Monjushiro, S., Moon, D. H., Nakano, T., Niiyama, M., Nishikawa, K., Nomachi, M., Pac, M. Y., Park, J. S., Peeters, S. J. M., Ray, H., Roellinghoff, G., Rott, C., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, S., Shima, T., Shin, C. D., Joshua Spitz, Stancu, I., Sugaya, Y., Suekane, F., Suzuya, K., Taira, M., Ujiie, R., Yamaguchi, Y., Yeh, M., Yeo, I. S., Yoo, C., Yu, I., and Zohaib, A.
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High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
This article describes the goal and expected sensitivity of the JSNS$^2$-II experiment at J-PARC Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF). The JSNS$^2$-II experiment is the second phase of the JSNS$^2$ experiment (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) with two detectors which are located in 24 m (an existing detector) and 48 m (new one) baselines to improve the sensitivity of the search for sterile neutrinos, especially in the low $\Delta m^2$ region, which has been indicated by the global fit of the appearance mode. The new second detector has a similar structure as the existing JSNS$^2$ detector, which is already working. To compensate for the reduction of the neutrino flux due to the distance from the mercury target, the target mass of the Gd-loaded liquid scintillator which is the Linear AlkylBenzene (LAB) based liquid scintillator inside the acrylic vessel is 35 tons. To keep the same photo-coverage of the detector as the first detector, we will surround the acrylic vessel with 240 PMTs. With this experimental setup and 5 years (times 1 MW beam power) exposure, the sensitivity of the JSNS$^2$-II is significantly improved compared to the current JSNS$^2$, especially in the low $\Delta m^2$ oscillation parameter region. The JSNS$^2$-II can also confirm or refute the most of the oscillation parameters' space preferred by the previous experiments with 3 sigma C.L.. Considering these situations and world wide status of the sterile neutrino searches, we are eager to start the data taking with the two detector configuration from 2023. The fund to build the second detector was already secured.
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- 2020
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32. Pulse Shape Discrimination of CsI(Tl) with a Photomultiplier Tube and MPPCs
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Viet, Nguyen V. H., Nomachi, M., Takahisa, K., Shima, T., Khai, B. T., Takaishi, R., and Miyamoto, K.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
In this study, we evaluate and compare the pulse shape discrimination (PSD) performance of multipixel photon counters (MPPCs, also known as silicon photomultiphers - SiPMs) with that of a typical photomultiplier tube (PMT) when testing using CsI(Tl) scintillators. We use the charge comparison method, whereby we discriminate different types of particles by the ratio of charges integrated within two time-gates (the delayed part and the entire digitized waveform). For a satisfactory PSD performance, a setup should generate many photoelectrons (p.e.) and collect their charges efficiently. The PMT setup generates more p.e. than the MPPC setup does. With the same digitizer and the same long time-gate (the entire digitized waveform), the PMT setup is also better in charge collection. Therefore, the PMT setup demonstrates better PSD performance. We subsequently test the MPPC setup using a new data acquisition (DAQ) system. Using this new DAQ, the long time-gate is extended by nearly four times the length when using the previous digitizer. With this longer time-gate, we collect more p.e. at the tail part of the pulse and almost all the charges of the total collected p.e. Thus, the PSD performance of the MPPC setup is improved significantly. This study also provides an estimation of the short time-gate (the delayed part of the digitized waveform) that can give a satisfactory PSD performance without an extensive analysis to optimize this gate.
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- 2020
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33. Recent smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19: a preregistered, cross-sectional study
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Parma, Valentina, Overdevest, Jonathan B, Peng, Mei, Saatci, Ozlem, Sell, Elizabeth A, Yan, Carol H, Alfaro, Raul, Cecchetto, Cinzia, Coureaud, Gérard, Herriman, Riley D, Justice, Jeb M, Kaushik, Pavan Kumar, Koyama, Sachiko, Pirastu, Nicola, Ning, Yuping, Ramirez, Vicente A, Roberts, S Craig, Smith, Barry C, Cao, Hongyuan, Wang, Hong, Balungwe, Patrick, Baguma, Marius, Hummel, Thomas, Hayes, John E, Reed, Danielle R, Niv, Masha Y, Munger, Steven D, Ozturk, Elif E, Gerkin, Richard C, Ohla, Kathrin, Veldhuizen, Maria Geraldine, Joseph, Paule V, Kelly, Christine E, Bakke, Alyssa J, Steele, Kimberley E, Farruggia, Michael C, Pellegrino, Robert, Pepino, Marta Y, Bouysset, Cédric, Soler, Graciela M, Pereda-Loth, Veronica, Dibattista, Michele, Cooper, Keiland W, Croijmans, Ilja, Di Pizio, Antonella, Ozdener, M Hakan, Fjaeldstad, Alexander W, Lin, Cailu, Sandell, Mari A, Singh, Preet B, Brindha, V Evelyn, Olsson, Shannon B, Saraiva, Luis R, Ahuja, Gaurav, Alwashahi, Mohammed K, Bhutani, Surabhi, D'Errico, Anna, Fornazieri, Marco A, Golebiowski, Jérôme, Hwang, Liang-Dar, Öztürk, Lina, Roura, Eugeni, Spinelli, Sara, Whitcroft, Katherine L, Faraji, Farhoud, Fischmeister, Florian Ph S, Heinbockel, Thomas, Hsieh, Julien W, Huart, Caroline, Konstantinidis, Iordanis, Menini, Anna, Morini, Gabriella, Olofsson, Jonas K, Philpott, Carl M, Pierron, Denis, Shields, Vonnie D C, Voznessenskaya, Vera V, Albayay, Javier, Altundag, Aytug, Bensafi, Moustafa, Bock, María Adelaida, Calcinoni, Orietta, Fredborg, William, Laudamiel, Christophe, Lim, Juyun, Lundström, Johan N, Macchi, Alberto, Meyer, Pablo, Moein, Shima T, Santamaría, Enrique, Sengupta, Debarka, Domínguez, Paloma Paloma, Yanık, Hüseyin, Boesveldt, Sanne, de Groot, Jasper H B, Dinnella, Caterina, Freiherr, Jessica, Laktionova, Tatiana, Mariño, Sajidxa, Monteleone, Erminio, Nunez-Parra, Alexia, Abdulrahman, Olagunju, Ritchie, Marina, Thomas-Danguin, Thierry, Walsh-Messinger, Julie, Al Abri, Rashid, Alizadeh, Rafieh, Bignon, Emmanuelle, Cantone, Elena, Cecchini, Maria Paola, Chen, Jingguo, Guàrdia, Maria Dolors, Hoover, Kara C, Karni, Noam, Navarro, Marta, Nolden, Alissa A, Mazal, Patricia Portillo, Rowan, Nicholas R, Sarabi-Jamab, Atiye, Archer, Nicholas S, Chen, Ben, Di Valerio, Elizabeth A, Feeney, Emma L, Frasnelli, Johannes, Hannum, Mackenzie, Hopkins, Claire, Klein, Hadar, Mignot, Coralie, Mucignat, Carla, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie, and UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience
- Abstract
COVID-19 has heterogeneous manifestations, though one of the most common symptoms is a sudden loss of smell (anosmia or hyposmia). We investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19. This preregistered, cross-sectional study used a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0-100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n=4148) or negative (C19-; n=546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified singular and cumulative predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery. Both C19+ and C19- groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean±SD, C19+: -82.5±27.2 points; C19-: -59.8±37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both single and cumulative feature models (ROC AUC=0.72), with additional features providing no significant model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms, such as fever or cough. Olfactory recovery within 40 days was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since illness onset. As smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19, we developed the ODoR-19 tool, a 0-10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss. Numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (10
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- 2020
34. Transverse asymmetry of $��$ rays from neutron-induced compound states of ${}^{140}{\rm La}$
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Yamamoto, T., Okudaira, T., Endo, S., Fujioka, H., Hirota, K., Ino, T., Ishizaki, K., Kimura, A., Kitaguchi, M., Koga, J., Makise, S., Niinomi, Y., Oku, T., Sakai, K., Shima, T., Shimizu, H. M., Takada, S., Tani, Y., Yoshikawa, H., and Yoshioka, T.
- Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
A correlation term ${{ ��}_{n} }\cdot ({ k_{n}\times k_��}) $ in the ${}^{139}{\rm La}(\vec{n},��)$ reaction has been studied utilizing epithermal polarized neutrons and germanium detectors. The transverse asymmetry for single $��$-ray transition was measured to be $0.60\pm0.19$ in the $p$-wave resonance.
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- 2020
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- View/download PDF
35. Reply to: Psychophysical olfactory testing in COVID‐19: is smell function really impaired in nearly all patients?
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Richard L. Doty, Payam Tabarsi, Seyed Mohammadreza Hashemian, Shima T. Moein, Babak Mansourafshar, and Ali Khorram‐Tousi
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Pneumonia, Viral ,coronavirus ,Correspondence and Reply ,SARSCoV‐2 ,Betacoronavirus ,Olfaction Disorders ,Pandemic ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,Pandemics ,Covid‐19 ,biology ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,smell disorders ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Smell ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Smell function ,Coronavirus Infections ,business ,anosmia - Published
- 2020
36. Erratum: Photoneutron cross-section measurements in the 209Bi(γ,xn) reaction with a new method of direct neutron-multiplicity sorting [Phys. Rev. C 96, 044604 (2017)]
- Author
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Gheorghe, I., Utsunomiya, Hiroaki, Katayama, S., Filipescu, Dan Mihai, Belyshev, S., Stopani, K., Orlin, V., Varlamov, Vladimir, Shima, T., Amano, S., Miyamoto, S., Lui, Yiu-Wing, Kawano, Toshihiko, and Goriely, Stéphane
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Physique atomique et nucléaire - Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2019
37. Measurement of $\gamma$-ray production via neutron-$^{16}$O reaction using a 77 MeV quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam
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Ashida, Y., Nagata, H., Mori, M., Collazuol, G., Fukuda, D., Horai, T., Iacob, F., Konaka, A., Koshio, Y., Nakaya, T., Nantais, C., Shima, T., Suzuki, A., Takeuchi, Y., Tanaka, H., Wendell, R., and Yano, T.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Nuclear Theory ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
Understanding of $\gamma$-ray production via neutron interactions on oxygen is essential for the study of neutrino neutral-current quasielastic interactions in water Cherenkov detectors. A measurement of $\gamma$-ray production from such reactions was performed using a 77~MeV quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam. Several $\gamma$-ray peaks, which are expected to come from neutron-${\rm ^{16}O}$ reactions, are observed and production cross sections are measured for nine $\gamma$-ray components of energies between 2 and 8~MeV. These are the first measurements at this neutron energy using a nearly monoenergitic beam., Comment: 16 pages, 20 figures, 4 tables
- Published
- 2019
38. Measurement of $��$-ray production via neutron-$^{16}$O reaction using a 77 MeV quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam
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Ashida, Y., Nagata, H., Mori, M., Collazuol, G., Fukuda, D., Horai, T., Iacob, F., Konaka, A., Koshio, Y., Nakaya, T., Nantais, C., Shima, T., Suzuki, A., Takeuchi, Y., Tanaka, H., Wendell, R., and Yano, T.
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Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Nuclear Theory ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
Understanding of $��$-ray production via neutron interactions on oxygen is essential for the study of neutrino neutral-current quasielastic interactions in water Cherenkov detectors. A measurement of $��$-ray production from such reactions was performed using a 77~MeV quasi-monoenergetic neutron beam. Several $��$-ray peaks, which are expected to come from neutron-${\rm ^{16}O}$ reactions, are observed and production cross sections are measured for nine $��$-ray components of energies between 2 and 8~MeV. These are the first measurements at this neutron energy using a nearly monoenergitic beam., 16 pages, 20 figures, 4 tables
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Improved determination of thermal cross section of 14N(n,p)14C for the neutron lifetime measurement
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Kitahara, R., Hirota, K., Ieki, S., Ino, T., Iwashita, Y., Kitaguchi, M., Koga, J., Mishima, K., Morishita, A., Nagakura, N., Oide, H., Otono, H., Seki, Y., Sekiba, D., Shima, T., Shimizu, H. M., Sumi, N., Sumino, H., Taketani, K., Tomita, T., Yamada, T., Yamashita, S., Yokohashi, M., and Yoshioka, T.
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High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nuclear Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
In a neutron lifetime measurement at the Japan Proton Accelerator Complex, the neutron lifetime is calculated by the neutron decay rate and the incident neutron flux. The flux is obtained due to counting the protons emitted from the neutron absorption reaction of ${}^{3}{\rm He}$ gas, which is diluted in a mixture of working gas in a detector. Hence, it is crucial to determine the amount of ${}^{3}{\rm He}$ in the mixture. In order to improve the accuracy of the number density of the ${}^{3}{\rm He}$ nuclei, we suggested to use the ${}^{14}{\rm N}({\rm n},{\rm p}){}^{14}{\rm C}$ reaction as a reference because this reaction involves similar kinetic energy as the ${}^{3}{\rm He}({\rm n},{\rm p}){}^{3}{\rm H}$ reaction and a smaller reaction cross section to introduce reasonable large partial pressure. The uncertainty of the recommended value of the cross section, however, is not satisfied with our requirement. In this paper, we report the most accurate experimental value of the cross section of the ${}^{14}{\rm N}({\rm n},{\rm p}){}^{14}{\rm C}$ reaction at a neutron velocity of 2200 m/s, measured relative to the ${}^{3}{\rm He}({\rm n},{\rm p}){}^{3}{\rm H}$ reaction. The result was 1.868 $\pm$ 0.003 (stat.) $\pm$ 0.006 (sys.) b. Additionally, the cross section of the ${}^{17}{\rm O}({\rm n},{\rm \alpha}){}^{14}{\rm C}$ reaction at the neutron velocity is also redetermined as 249 $\pm$ 6 mb., Comment: 22 pages, 11 figures
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Trends in Neuroscience in Iran: A Scientometric Analysis for Mapping and Clustering Neuroscience Literature from 2000 to 2019
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Hamdami, Mojgan, M Amin Abdollahi, Soroush M Mirmobini, and Moein, Shima T
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. PAI-1 in granulosa cells is suppressed directly by statin and indirectly by suppressing TGF- and TNF- in mononuclear cells by insulin-sensitizing drugs
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Yamada-Nomoto, K, Yoshino, O, Akiyama, I, Iwase, A, Ono, Y, Nakamura, T, Harada, M, Nakashima, A, Shima, T, Ushijima, A, Osuga, Y, Chang, RJ, Shimasaki, S, and Saito, S
- Subjects
polycystic ovary syndrome ,PAI-1 ,statin ,granulosa cell - Published
- 2017
42. Search for cosmic dark matter by means of ultra high purity NaI(Tl) scintillator
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Fushimi, K., Chernyak, D., Ejiri, H., Hazama, R., Hirata, S., Ikeda, H., Inoue, K., Imagawa, K., Kanzaki, G., Kozlov, A., Orito, R., Shima, T., Takemoto, Y., Teraoka, Y., Umehara, S., and Yoshida, S.
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Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ,Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM) - Abstract
The dark matter search project by means of ultra high purity NaI(Tl) scintillator is now underdevelopment. An array of large volume NaI(Tl) detectors whose volume is 12.7 cm$\phi\times$12.7 cm is applied to search for dark matter signal. To remove radioactive impurities in NaI(Tl) crystal is one of the most important task to find small number of dark matter signals. We have developed high purity NaI(Tl) crystal which contains small amounts of radioactive impurities, $, Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures. Proceedings of 31st Workshop on Radiation Detector and Their Uses, January 23-25, 2017. KEK, JAPAN
- Published
- 2017
43. Double charge exchange ($^{11}$B,$^{11}$Li) reaction for double beta decay response
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Takahisa, K., Ejiri, H., Akimune, H., Fujita, H., Matumiya, R., Ohta, T., Shima, T., Tanaka, M., and Yosoi, M.
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FOS: Physical sciences ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
The ($^{11}$B,$^{11}$Li) double charge-exchange reaction (DCER) at $E(^{11}$B)/$A$=80 MeV was measured for the first time to demonstrate the feasibility of the reaction for studying neutrino nuclear responses for double beta decays (DBD). The $^{13}$C($^{11}$B,$^{11}$Li)$^{13}$O reaction shows strengths at the ground state and low and high excitation giant resonance regions. The $^{56}$Fe ($^{11}$B,$^{11}$Li) $^{56}$Ni reaction shows the large strengths in the possible double giant resonance region and beyond, but shows no strengths in the low excitation region below 5 MeV, suggesting strong concentration of the DBD strength at the high excitation region. The DCER is used to evaluate the spin isospin strengths relevant to DBD responses., 6 pages, 3 figures
- Published
- 2017
44. Technical Design Report (TDR): Searching for a Sterile Neutrino at J-PARC MLF (E56, JSNS2)
- Author
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Ajimura, S., Cheoun, M. K., Choi, J. H., Furuta, H., Harada, M., Hasegawa, S., Hino, Y., Hiraiwa, T., Iwai, E., Iwata, S., Jang, J. S., Jang, H. I., Joo, K. K., Jordan, J., Kang, S. K., Kawasaki, T., Kasugai, Y., Kim, E. J., Kim, J. Y., Kim, S. B., Kim, W., Kuwata, K., Kwon, E., Lim, I. T., Maruyama, T., Matsubara, T., Meigo, S., Monjushiro, S., Moon, D. H., Nakano, T., Niiyama, M., Nishikawa, K., Nomachi, M., Pac, M. Y., Park, J. S., Ray, H., Rott, C., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, S., Seo, H., Seo, S. H., Shibata, A., Shima, T., Spitz, J., Stancu, I., Suekane, F., Sugaya, Y., Suzuya, K., Taira, M., Toki, W., Torizawa, T., Yeh, M., and Yu, I.
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High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,Nuclear Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
In this document, the technical details of the JSNS$^2$ (J-PARC Sterile Neutrino Search at J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source) experiment are described. The search for sterile neutrinos is currently one of the hottest topics in neutrino physics. The JSNS$^2$ experiment aims to search for the existence of neutrino oscillations with $\Delta m^2$ near 1 eV$^2$ at the J-PARC Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF). A 1 MW beam of 3 GeV protons incident on a spallation neutron target produces an intense neutrino beam from muon decay at rest. Neutrinos come predominantly from $\mu^+$ decay: $\mu^{+} \to e^{+} + \bar{\nu}_{\mu} + \nu_{e}$. The experiment will search for $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}$ to $\bar{\nu}_{e}$ oscillations which are detected by the inverse beta decay interaction $\bar{\nu}_{e} + p \to e^{+} + n$, followed by gammas from neutron capture on Gd. The detector has a fiducial volume of 17 tons and is located 24 meters away from the mercury target. JSNS$^2$ offers the ultimate direct test of the LSND anomaly. In addition to the sterile neutrino search, the physics program includes cross section measurements with neutrinos with a few 10's of MeV from muon decay at rest and with monochromatic 236 MeV neutrinos from kaon decay at rest. These cross sections are relevant for our understanding of supernova explosions and nuclear physics.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Muon capture reaction on $^{100}Mo$ to study nuclear responses for double beta decays and astro-neutrinos
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Hashim, I. H., Ejiri, H., Shima, T., Sato, A., Kuno, Y., Kawamura, N., Miyake, S., and Ninomiya, K.
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Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Nuclear Theory ,Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex) ,Nuclear Experiment ,Statistics::Computation - Abstract
The negative-muon capture reaction (MCR) on the enriched $^{100}Mo$ isotope was studied for the first time to investigate neutrino nuclear response for neutrino-less double beta decays and supernova neutrino nuclear interactions. MCR on $^{100}Mo$ proceeds mainly as $^{100}Mo(mu,xn)^{100-x}Nb$ with $x$ being the number of neutrons emitted from MCR. The Nb isotope mass distribution was obtained by measuring delayed gamma-rays from radioactive $^{100-x}Nb$. By using the neutron emission model after MCR, the neutrino response (the strength distribution) for MCR was derived. Giant resonance (GR)-like distribution at the peak energy around 11-14 MeV, suggests concentration of the MCR strength at the muon capture GR region., Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Low-energy enhancement in the gamma-ray strength functions of Ge-73,Ge-74
- Author
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Renstrom, T, Nyhus, H-T, Utsunomiya, H, Schwengner, R, Goriely, S, Larsen, AC, Filipescu, DM, Gheorghe, I, Bernstein, LA, Bleuel, DL, Glodariu, T, Gorgen, A, Guttormsen, M, Hagen, TW, Kheswa, BV, Lui, Y-W, Negi, D, Ruud, IE, Shima, T, Siem, S, Takahisa, K, Tesileanu, O, Tornyi, TG, Tveten, GM, and Wiedeking, M
- Published
- 2016
47. Low-energy enhancement in the γ -ray strength functions of Ge 73,74
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Renstrøm, T, Nyhus, HT, Utsunomiya, H, Schwengner, R, Goriely, S, Larsen, AC, Filipescu, DM, Gheorghe, I, Bernstein, LA, Bleuel, DL, Glodariu, T, Görgen, A, Guttormsen, M, Hagen, TW, Kheswa, BV, Lui, YW, Negi, D, Ruud, IE, Shima, T, Siem, S, Takahisa, K, Tesileanu, O, Tornyi, TG, Tveten, GM, and Wiedeking, M
- Subjects
nucl-ex - Abstract
The γ-ray strength functions and level densities of Ge73,74 have been extracted up to the neutron-separation energy Sn from particle-γ coincidence data using the Oslo method. Moreover, the γ-ray strength function of Ge74 above Sn has been determined from photoneutron measurements; hence these two experiments cover the range of Eγ≈1-13 MeV for Ge74. The obtained data show that both Ge73,74 display an increase in strength at low γ energies. The experimental γ-ray strength functions are compared with M1 strength functions deduced from average B(M1) values calculated within the shell model for a large number of transitions. The observed low-energy enhancements in Ge73,74 are adopted in the calculations of the Ge72,73(n,γ) cross sections, where there are no direct experimental data. Calculated reaction rates for more neutron-rich germanium isotopes are shown to be strongly dependent on the presence of the low-energy enhancement.
- Published
- 2016
48. Status Report for the 21th J-PARC PAC : Searching for a Sterile Neutrino at J-PARC MLF (J-PARC E56, JSNS2)
- Author
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Harada, M., Hasegawa, S., Kasugai, Y., Meigo, S., Sakai, K., Sakamoto, S., Suzuya, K., Iwai, E., Maruyama, T., Monjushiro, S., Nishikawa, K., Taira, M., Niiyama, M., Ajimura, S., Hiraiwa, T., Nakano, T., Nomachi, M., Shima, T., Bezerra, T. J. C., Chauveau, E., Furuta, H., Suekane, F., Stancu, I., Yeh, M., Toki, W., Ray, H., Garvey, G. T., Mauger, C., Louis, W. C., Mills, G. B., Water, R., and Joshua Spitz
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det) ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
The JSNS2 (J-PARC E56) experiment aims to search for sterile neutrinos at the J-PARC Materials and Life Sciences Experimental Facility (MLF).After the submission of a proposal to the J-PARC PAC, stage-1 approval was granted to the JSNS2 experiment. The approval followed a series of background measurements which were performed in 2014. Subsequent for stage-1 approval, the JSNS2 collaboration has made continuous efforts to write a Technical Design Report (TDR).This TDR will include two major items as discussed in the previous status report for the 20th J-PARC PAC: (1) A realistic detector location (2) Well understood and realistic detector performance using simulation studies, primarily in consideration of fast neutron rejection. Since August we have been in discussions with MLF staff regarding an appropriate detector location. We are also in the process of setting up a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation framework in order to study detector's performance in realistic conditions. In addition, we have pursued hardware R&D work for the liquid scintillator (LS) and to improve the dynamic range of the 10" photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The LS R&D works includes Cherenkov studies inside the LS, and a Pulse Shape Discrimination (PSD) study with a test-beam, performed at Tohoku University. We also estimate the PSD performance of a full-sized detector using a detailed MC simulation. In this status report, we describe progress on this work.
- Published
- 2016
49. Low-energy enhancement in the gamma-ray strength functions of 73,74Ge
- Author
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Renstrøm, T., Nyhus, H. -T., Utsumoniya, H., Schwengner, R., Goriely, S., Larsen, A. C., Filipescu, D. M., Gheorghe, I., Bernstein, L. A., Bleuel, D. L., Glodariu, T., Görgen, A., Guttormsen, M., Hagen, T. W., Kheswa, B. V., Lui, Y. -W ., Negi, D., Ruud, I. E., Shima, T., Siem, S., Takahisa, K., Tesileanu, O., Tornyi, T. G., Tveten, G. M., and Wiedeking, M.
- Subjects
level densities ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Nuclear structure ,Nuclear Experiment ,nuclear reactions ,strength functiopns - Abstract
The $\gamma$-ray strength functions and level densities of $^{73,74}$Ge have been extracted up to the neutron separation energy S$_n$ from particle-$\gamma$ coincidence data using the Oslo method. Moreover, the $\gamma$-ray strength function of $^{74}$Ge above S$_n$ has been determined from photo-neutron measurements, hence these two experiments cover the range of E$_\gamma \approx$ 1-13 MeV for $^{74}$Ge. The obtained data show that both $^{73,74}$Ge display an increase in strength at low $\gamma$ energies. The experimental $\gamma$-ray strength functions are compared with $M1$ strength functions deduced from average $B(M1)$ values calculated within the shell model for a large number of transitions. The observed low-energy enhancements in $^{73,74}$Ge are adopted in the calculations of the $^{72,73}$Ge(n,$\gamma$) cross sections, where there are no direct experimental data. Calculated reaction rates for more neutron-rich germanium isotopes are shown to be strongly dependent on the presence of the low-energy enhancement.
- Published
- 2016
50. Low-energy enhancement in the γ-ray strength functions of 73,74Ge
- Author
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Renstrøm, Therese, Nyhus, H.-T., Utsunomiya, Hiroaki, Schwengner, R., Goriely, S., Larsen, Ann-Cecilie, Filipescu, D. M., Gheorghe, I., Bernstein, L. A., Bleuel, D. L., Glodariu, T., Görgen, A., Guttormsen, Magne, Hagen, Trine Wiborg, Kheswa, B. V., Lui, Y. W., Negi, D., Ruud, I. E., Shima, T., Siem, Sunniva, Takahisa, K., Tesileanu, O., Tornyi, T. G., Tveten, Gry M., and Wiedeking, M.
- Published
- 2016
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